Вплив посухи на алелопатичні властивості Pinus sylvestris L.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of drought on the allelopathic activity of Pinus sylvestris L. plants at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Material and methods. The choice of study objects was due to their habitat: plants of...
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| author | Rositska, N.V. |
| author_facet | Rositska, N.V. |
| author_sort | Rositska, N.V. |
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| description | The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of drought on the allelopathic activity of Pinus sylvestris L. plants at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Material and methods. The choice of study objects was due to their habitat: plants of P. sylvestris grew in compliance with the necessary agricultural technology, including regular irrigation at site one (control) and in the conditions of drought at site two that models natural ecosystems (experiment). The allelopathic activity of leaves and soil was determined. In the model experiments, Lepidium sativum ‘Azhur’, Triticum aestivum ‘Poliska 90’, Amaranthus caudatum ‘Rothschwanz’ were applied as the test plants.
Results of the current study revealed that the allelopathic potential of needles and rhizosphere soil of P. sylvestris depend not only on the species but also on the drought conditions. The inhibitory effect was stronger against root elongation than shoot elongation of seedlings.
Conclusion. This study provides laboratory-based evidence of the allelopathic effect of P. sylvestris exudates under drought stress on model plants. Studies showed that the plants that were grown under conditions of lower soil moisture exhibit a more substantial inhibitory effect or slightly stimulate the growth of test objects in comparison with plants that had a better water supply. This testifies to the relationship between soil moisture and seasonal allelopathic activity of the plants. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2019001 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:15Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
Plant Introduction, 85/86, 41–49 (2020)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Influence of drought on allelopathic properties of Pinus sylvestris L.
Introduction
Pinus sylvestris L. forests are sensitive to
drought-related dieback. In a review of
global forest mortality, P. sylvestris forests
accounted for 40 % (10 out of 25 cases) of all
European die-off events (Allen et al., 2010).
This situation may get worse and seriously
impede forest regeneration in the future as
climate change simulations predict increasing
temperatures and decreasing local summer
precipitation even in moderate scenarios
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, 2014).
One of the significant response systems
to prolonged drought pressure is that plants
can change their growth and developmental
phenotype to deal with an arid environment
through long-term ecological adaptation,
which is more linked with allelopathic
regulation (Zuo et al., 2010). Allelopathy
may be effectively employed for improving
resistance against abiotic stresses. Production
of allelochemicals serves as a tool for plant
survival. They help to avoid, tolerate, and
mitigate catastrophes in an efficient way
(Farooq et al., 2013). In this way, allelochemicals
significantly impart resistance against
N.V. Rositska
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Timiryazevska str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine;
rositska.nadiia@gmail.com
Received: 17.09.2019 | Accepted: 05.03.2020 | Published: 30.06.2020
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of drought on the allelopathic activity of Pinus
sylvestris L. plants at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine.
Material and methods. The choice of study objects was due to their habitat: plants of P. sylvestris
grew in compliance with the necessary agricultural technology, including regular irrigation at site one
(control) and in the conditions of drought at site two that models natural ecosystems (experiment).
The allelopathic activity of leaves and soil was determined. In the model experiments, Lepidium sativum
‘Azhur’, Triticum aestivum ‘Poliska 90’, Amaranthus caudatum ‘Rothschwanz’ were applied as the test plants.
Results of the current study revealed that the allelopathic potential of needles and rhizosphere soil of
P. sylvestris depend not only on the species but also on the drought conditions. The inhibitory effect was
stronger against root elongation than shoot elongation of seedlings.
Conclusion. This study provides laboratory-based evidence of the allelopathic effect of P. sylvestris
exudates under drought stress on model plants. Studies showed that the plants that were grown under
conditions of lower soil moisture exhibit a more substantial inhibitory effect or slightly stimulate the
growth of test objects in comparison with plants that had a better water supply. This testifies to the
relationship between soil moisture and seasonal allelopathic activity of the plants.
Keywords: Pinus sylvestris, drought, allelopathic activity
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2019001
UDC 582.475.4:581.45:[58.032+581.57]
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-2950
42 Plant Introduction • 85/86
N.V. Rositska
environmental stresses and consequently
make plants able to grow better. Environmental
stresses trigger specific and non-specific
stress-reaction regulated by a feedback
mechanism (Pedrol et al., 2006). These reactions
serve as an indicator of stress in plants and
induce internal metabolic machinery through
signaling and signal transduction processes.
In this way, plants use secondary metabolites
as messengers under suboptimal conditions to
trigger the defense reactions (Isah, 2019).
The role of allelopathy in overcoming
arid conditions, in conjunction with their
allelopathic behavior, is still poorly understood.
Some studies (Zhou, 1999; Kong et al., 2002)
show that the synthesis of allelochemicals
is more intensive in the adverse or harsh
environment when water is limited. Plants
often use allelochemicals to increase their
competitive ability and, therefore, survival
rates. It was demonstrated that water deficit
condition is the driving force for metabolome
shift in plants growing in arid or semi-arid
soil conditions. Selective induction of a few
metabolites and keeping a significant part of
the metabolome unaffected by water deficit
conditions may be a key strategy for water
stress management in the desert plants. It is
also suggested that homeostasis of natural
compounds at the endogenous levels plays a
crucial role in these species’ ability to withstand
periods of water stress (Friedjung et al., 2013).
It was shown on a wide range of ecosystem
types that allelochemicals affect forest tree
growth and development (Van Rooyen, 2004).
P. sylvestris has the largest geographical
distribution among pine species and is one
of the most widespread conifers on Earth,
distributed from the Mediterranean to the
Arctic (Matias et al., 2012). Allelopathy is one
of the factors, which cause the issues with the
regeneration of the coniferous plants. A dense
ericaceous understory that develops after
forest harvesting or fire has high allelopathic
activity (Mallik, 2003). In the coniferous
forests that consist mainly of P. sylvestris, the
dominant species of the understory at the clear-
cuts are mostly ericaceous. They produce and
secrete a range of phenolic compounds. Most
of them inhibit germination of the conifer seed
germination (mainly primary root growth) and
ectomycorrhizal growth (Šežiene, 2017).
Although numerous studies have
been focusing on P. sylvestris allelopathy
mechanisms, the allelopathic responses of
it under drought are poorly understood.
Therefore, the objective of this study was to
assess the allelopathic activity of the needle
extracts and root exudates of P. sylvestris
under drought stress. The results of this
study provide a better understanding of the
allelopathic responses of P. sylvestris under
drought, expected to occur concurrently in a
changing climate. It can, therefore, be assumed
that results obtained regarding the changes in
the allelopathic potential of dominant species
P. sylvestris may be important. They can
improve our understanding of the impact of
allelopathy on reforestation and management
of forest ecosystems under changing climatic
conditions and also understanding how to use
allelopathy as a tool for forest management in
general.
Material and methods
The choice of study objects was due to their
habitat: 60-year-old P. sylvestris plants,
which grew in compliance with the necessary
agricultural technology including regular
irrigation at site one (control) and in the
conditions of drought at site two that models
natural ecosystems (experiment). The needles
from branches in lower crown and soil samples
were collected for 10 randomly chosen trees at
each sampling site. The canopy at the site one
was formed by P. sylvestris with about 50 trees
(Fig. 1). The height of the trees is about 25 m, and
the diameter at breast height (DBH) is 0.39 m.
The shrub layer is absent. The first layer at the
test site two was formed by about 30 trees of
P. sylvestris (Fig. 2). The height of the trees
is 15 m, and DBH is 0.29. The undergrowth is
represented here mostly by Quercus robur L.
with the height from 1 to 2.5 m.
Germination tests were carried out at the
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden.
Allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts
of P. sylvestris was estimated using seed
germination bio-assay (Baležentienė &
Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė, 2010). Freshly collected
mature (one-year) needles were chopped
into 0.5 cm long pieces before the extraction
of allelochemicals. Fifty grams of each piece
were immersed in a 15 × 20 × 5 cm plastic tray
containing 250 ml of distilled water. Containers
were closed with glass plates and kept at
Plant Introduction • 85/86 43
Influence of drought on allelopathic properties of Pinus sylvestris
5 °C in an incubator. After 12 h, the aqueous
extracts were filtered through Whatman no. 1
filter paper, diluted and used for germination
assays. Fifteen sterilized seeds were placed
on filter paper in a closed Petri dish (ø 9 cm).
After that, the Petri dishes were incubated in
the dark at 27 °C for 48 h. Five replications were
applied per each treatment. The distilled water
served as a control. The values were expressed
as relatives (%) to the control.
Allelopathic effects of the soil were assessed
in vivo; bio-assay was performed following
Wu et al. (2001). Triticum aestivum L. ‘Poliska
90’ was germinated in Petri dishes (ø 6 cm)
containing 4 g of soil taken from the field.
The soil was collected from the upper 1-cm
layer within a 10-cm radius of the plant base.
About 4 ml of distilled water was added, and
10 sterilized seeds were placed on the wet soil.
Closed Petri dishes were incubated in the dark
at 27 °C for 48 h. As a control, the soil from the
site without plants was applied. Each treatment
was tested in five replicates. The values were
expressed as relatives (%) to the control.
The allelopathic potential of volatiles from
fresh leaves and soil was assayed in the Petri
dish (ø 9 cm). In each Petri dish, 20 seeds
were sown on filter paper irrigated with 5 ml
of distilled water. Plastic dishes (ø 35 mm)
containing fresh chopped needles (1 g) or
soil (5 g) were placed in closed Petri dishes
(ø 94 mm). The Petri dishes were incubated in
the dark at 27 °C for 48 h. The control treatment
consisted of plastic dishes without needles
and soil. Each treatment was also tested in five
replications (Chen et al., 2013). The distilled
water served as a control. The values were
expressed as relative (%) to the control.
In the model experiments, as the test-
plants were used Lepidium sativum L. ‘Azhur’,
Triticum aestivum ‘Poliska 90’ and Amaranthus
caudatum L. ‘Rothschwanz’.
The results were expressed as means with
the least significant difference (LSD). The
significance of differences compared to the
control groups was determined using the
t-test.
Results and discussion
Changing environmental factors and
allelopathic relations are commonly present
at the same time in many plant populations
Figure 1. Pinus sylvestris plants at the site 1. Figure 2. Pinus sylvestris plants at the site 2.
44 Plant Introduction • 85/86
N.V. Rositska
(Reigosa et al., 1999). So, the induction of
secondary metabolites in plants as a response
to the stress can be considered a ‘cost-
saving’ mechanism, because such metabolites
are induced as defense and also used as
allelochemicals (Siemens et al., 2002; Hoballah
et al., 2004). Recent works have shown
empirical evidence of selective advantages
that allelopathic activity provides to many
plant species (Oliva et al., 2002; Florentine,
2003), especially under such stress conditions
like drought (Kong et al., 2002).
Pinus sylvestris has an exceptionally high
concentration of terpenes, resin acids, and
phenolics in the needles, which generally
inhibit the germination of seeds, but in low
concentrations stimulated root and shoot
elongation of certain turfgrass varieties (Bulut
& Demir, 2007). It was found that allelopathic
inhibitory effects of P. sylvestris aqueous
extracts depend on temperature impact.
In particular, inhibitive properties of extracts
increased with increasing temperature and
resulted in decreased seed germination,
hypocotyl height, and root length (Sirgedaite-
Šežiene et al., 2019). Aqueous extracts from
fresh needles of P. sylvestris inhibited the root
and shoot elongation of test seedlings (Fig. 3).
The inhibitory effect was stronger against
root elongation than shoot elongation of
seedlings. Needle extracts reduced the growth
of seedlings in up to 9.4 times.
Pinus sylvestris is an important source of
biogenic volatile organic compounds, which
emission rate and profile affect air quality,
climate forcing, plant stress tolerance, and thus
the growing conditions of forests (Kivimäenpää
et al., 2018). The reaction of P. sylvestris to
various stress factors (low temperatures,
industrial pollution, and action of fungi) showed
changes in the content and composition
of secondary metabolites (phenols, resins,
essential oils). The components of the essential
oil in the needles reacted to stress most quickly
– their synthesis is removed with the formation
of volatile substances, especially α-pinene. This
can be an optimal indicator of early diagnosis
of the state of P. sylvestris. Changes that occur
in the secondary metabolite in P. sylvestris
needles under the influence of stress factors
can be considered as a non-specific reaction to
stress (Fuksman, 2002).
In addition, terpene emission from plant
species predicted to increase substantially
due to a warmer climate and dense vegetation
communities (Peñuelas & Llusià, 1999; Peñuelas
& Staudt, 2010). This supports the need for
further research on the role played by these
volatile organic compounds in ecosystem
functioning. In this context, it is of prime
interest to improve our knowledge about
the allelopathic potentialities of P. sylvestris
volatile compounds.
The volatile compounds of pine needles differ
from the braking effect on the development of
all test objects. The volatiles from the needles
of P. sylvestris significantly decreased the
seedling growth of two test plants (Fig. 4). The
highest inhibitory effects of volatiles were on
the roots of A. caudatum and T. aestivum (12.08
Figure 3. Effect of aqueous extracts from fresh needles of Pinus sylvestris on seedling growth. The error bars
represent LSD.
Plant Introduction • 85/86 45
Influence of drought on allelopathic properties of Pinus sylvestris
and 13.92 % respectively). Furthermore, volatile
of fresh needles of plants grown under water
stress decreased the growth of the seedlings of
all test plants more than plants from the plot
with regular irrigation.
Allelopathic activity of plants grown on dry
soils is higher than allelopathic interactions of
plants from well-watered conditions. In the
field, under the water stress conditions, the
growth of target plants was reduced, but the
donor plants contained a greater amount of
allelochemicals per dry weight. The presence of
an extra amount of allelochemicals may cause
autotoxicity in natural conditions (Tongma
et al., 2001), which is common in coniferous
forests (Singh et al., 1999). The relationship
between soil and plants is manifested both in
changes in soil properties and in maintaining
at a certain level, the chemical composition of
plants and their productivity. Seasonal changes
in allelochemicals’ content are also important
factors affecting the allelopathic relationships
in natural conditions (Reigosa et al., 1999).
Analysis of the distribution of moisture in the
soil under the pine tree showed that in the
areas with control plants the water content was
1.3–18.1 times higher in spring, 1.4–19.5 times
higher in summer, and 1.4–26.7 times higher in
autumn comparing to the areas where the test
plants grow.
In P. sylvestris structural acclimation to
drought involving increased biomass allocation
in the roots, in comparison with shoots (Seidel
& Menzel, 2016). When soil from P. sylvestris
under drought condition was compared with
soil from the site where regular irrigation was
conducted, results confirmed that seedling
growth was very poor in soil under drought
(Figs. 5–7); that may be due to the presence of
allelochemicals as well as the changes in soil
nutrient availability. The mechanisms involved
in nutrient dynamics changes in the soil in
relation to allelochemicals were described
(Jabran et al., 2013). Typically, allelochemicals
are considered to have a substantial role in
nutrient availability and nutrient cycling in the
ecosystem (Appel, 1993). In our research, the
reduction in seedling growth depended on the
concentration of allelochemicals and season of
the year.
Germination and seedling development
are the main life stages usually affected by
allelochemicals. Frequent allelopathic influence
often inhibits (Fernandez et al., 2013; Santonja
et al., 2019) and results in a delay of seed
germination (Fernandez et al., 2013; Hashoum
et al., 2017). It also inhibits the seedling growth
(Gavinet et al., 2019) by altering physiological
processes (e.g., photosynthesis, nutrient
uptake, cell division, or elongation (Inderjit
& Duke, 2003)). The direct bioassay of the
rhizospheric soil under P. sylvestris showed
that the growth of the roots of L. sativum was
1.5 times slower in spring and 1.5 times slower
in summer and autumn compared to the
experimental plants (Fig. 6). Water extracts of
soil under P. sylvestris from the experimental
area suppressed root growth in 1.3–1.6 times
(depending on the concentration) relatively to
the control plants.
Figure 4. Effect of volatiles from fresh needles of Pinus sylvestris on seedling growth. The error bars
represent LSD.
46 Plant Introduction • 85/86
N.V. Rositska
Figure 6. Effect of direct bio testing of rhizospheric soil of Pinus sylvestris on seedling growth of Lepidium
sativum. The error bars represent LSD.
Figure 7. Effect of volatiles from the soil of Pinus sylvestris on seedling growth. The error bars represent LSD.
Figure 5. Effect of aqueous extracts from the soil of Pinus sylvestris on seedling growth of Lepidium sativum.
The error bars represent LSD.
Plant Introduction • 85/86 47
Influence of drought on allelopathic properties of Pinus sylvestris
The volatiles are also the potential
inhibitors of seedling growth and germination
(Eom et al., 2006). It was proved that some
volatiles could be dissolved and absorbed by
the soil (Reigosa et al., 1999). This is especially
important for woody plants, which grow and
accumulate allelochemicals in the soil for a long
period of time. The estimation of the influence
of volatile soil substances on the growth of the
test cultures showed that in the experimental
variant the linear dimensions of the coleoptiles
and the roots of T. aestivum were 1.1–1.4 times
smaller, and the roots of A. caudatum – 1.1–1.6
times smaller, depending on the season (Fig. 7).
Conclusions
The results of the current study revealed that
the allelopathic potential of needles and soil
from P. sylvestris depended on not only from
species itself but also on drought conditions.
Studies have shown that plants grown under
conditions of lower soil moisture exhibited a
stronger inhibitory effect or less stimulated
the growth of test objects in comparison with
pine plants that had a better water supply.
This testifies to the relationship between
soil moisture and allelopathic activity of the
plants. Detailed allelochemical insight of plants
under water stress conditions will be a further
endeavor.
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Plant Introduction • 85/86 49
Influence of drought on allelopathic properties of Pinus sylvestris
Вплив посухи на алелопатичні властивості Pinus sylvestris L.
Н.В. Росіцька
Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Тімірязєвська 1, 01014 Київ,
Україна; rositska.nadiia@gmail.com
Мета – з’ясувати вплив посухи на алелопатичну активність хвої та ризосферного ґрунту з-під рослин
Pinus sylvestris L. в умовах Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України.
Матеріал та методи. Вивчали 60-річні рослини P. sylvestris, які росли в умовах 30 % (дослід) і 60 %
(контроль) вологості ґрунту. Зокрема, визначали алелопатичну активність екстрактів хвої та ґрунту.
Тестовими культурами слугували крес-салат (Lepidium sativum ‘Azhur’), пшениця (Triticum aestivum
‘Poliska 90’) та амарант (Amaranthus caudatum ‘Rothschwanz’).
Результати. Виявлено, що леткі речовини хвої інгібували ріст усіх тест-об’єктів. Крім того, леткі
речовини хвої рослин з дослідної ділянки пригнічували ріст тестових рослин більше, ніж з
контрольної ділянки. Аналіз алелопатичної активності ризосферного ґрунту з дослідної ділянки
показав, що приріст коренів L. sativum був у 1,5 рази меншим в усі пори року. Водорозчинні речовини
ґрунту з дослідної ділянки пригнічували ріст коренів у 1,3–1,6 разів сильніше, ніж з контрольної
ділянки. Леткі речовин ґрунту інгібували ріст колеоптилів та коренів T. aestivum у 1,1–1,4 рази, а
коренів A. caudatum – у 1,1–1,6 разів залежно від пори року. Інгібуючий ефект був сильніший щодо
росту коренів, аніж щодо колеоптилів.
Висновок. Встановлено, що рослини, які вирощувалися в умовах меншої вологості ґрунту проявляли
сильніший інгібуючий вплив або менше стимулювали ріст тeст-об’єктів у порівнянні з рослинами,
ґрунт яких характеризувався більшим вмістом води. Цe свідчить про залежність між вологістю
ґрунту та сезонною алeлопатичною активністю досліджених рослин.
Ключові слова: Pinus sylvestris, посуха, алелопатична активність
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| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1511 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/9f/3510dd095228af12e0bcd459f5262f9f.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-15112023-08-26T20:39:45Z Influence of drought on allelopathic properties of Pinus sylvestris L. Вплив посухи на алелопатичні властивості Pinus sylvestris L. Rositska, N.V. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of drought on the allelopathic activity of Pinus sylvestris L. plants at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Material and methods. The choice of study objects was due to their habitat: plants of P. sylvestris grew in compliance with the necessary agricultural technology, including regular irrigation at site one (control) and in the conditions of drought at site two that models natural ecosystems (experiment). The allelopathic activity of leaves and soil was determined. In the model experiments, Lepidium sativum ‘Azhur’, Triticum aestivum ‘Poliska 90’, Amaranthus caudatum ‘Rothschwanz’ were applied as the test plants. Results of the current study revealed that the allelopathic potential of needles and rhizosphere soil of P. sylvestris depend not only on the species but also on the drought conditions. The inhibitory effect was stronger against root elongation than shoot elongation of seedlings. Conclusion. This study provides laboratory-based evidence of the allelopathic effect of P. sylvestris exudates under drought stress on model plants. Studies showed that the plants that were grown under conditions of lower soil moisture exhibit a more substantial inhibitory effect or slightly stimulate the growth of test objects in comparison with plants that had a better water supply. This testifies to the relationship between soil moisture and seasonal allelopathic activity of the plants. Мета – з’ясувати вплив посухи на алелопатичну активність хвої та ризосферного ґрунту з-під рослин Pinus sylvestris L. в умовах Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України. Матеріал та методи. Вивчали 60-річні рослини P. sylvestris, які росли в умовах 30 % (дослід) і 60 % (контроль) вологості ґрунту. Зокрема, визначали алелопатичну активність екстрактів хвої та ґрунту. Тестовими культурами слугували крес-салат (Lepidium sativum ‘Azhur’), пшениця (Triticum aestivum ‘Poliska 90’) та амарант (Amaranthus caudatum ‘Rothschwanz’). Результати. Виявлено, що леткі речовини хвої інгібували ріст усіх тест-об’єктів. Крім того, леткі речовини хвої рослин з дослідної ділянки пригнічували ріст тестових рослин більше, ніж з контрольної ділянки. Аналіз алелопатичної активності ризосферного ґрунту з дослідної ділянки показав, що приріст коренів L. sativum був у 1,5 рази меншим в усі пори року. Водорозчинні речовини ґрунту з дослідної ділянки пригнічували ріст коренів у 1,3–1,6 разів сильніше, ніж з контрольної ділянки. Леткі речовин ґрунту інгібували ріст колеоптилів та коренів T. aestivum у 1,1–1,4 рази, а коренів A. caudatum – у 1,1–1,6 разів залежно від пори року. Інгібуючий ефект був сильніший щодо росту коренів, аніж щодо колеоптилів. Висновок. Встановлено, що рослини, які вирощувалися в умовах меншої вологості ґрунту проявляли сильніший інгібуючий вплив або менше стимулювали ріст тeст-об’єктів у порівнянні з рослинами, ґрунт яких характеризувався більшим вмістом води. Цe свідчить про залежність між вологістю ґрунту та сезонною алeлопатичною активністю досліджених рослин. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2020-06-30 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1511 10.46341/PI2019001 Plant Introduction; No 85/86 (2020); 41-49 Інтродукція Рослин; № 85/86 (2020); 41-49 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI85-86 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1511/1485 Copyright (c) 2020 N.V. Rositska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Rositska, N.V. Вплив посухи на алелопатичні властивості Pinus sylvestris L. |
| title | Вплив посухи на алелопатичні властивості Pinus sylvestris L. |
| title_alt | Influence of drought on allelopathic properties of Pinus sylvestris L. |
| title_full | Вплив посухи на алелопатичні властивості Pinus sylvestris L. |
| title_fullStr | Вплив посухи на алелопатичні властивості Pinus sylvestris L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Вплив посухи на алелопатичні властивості Pinus sylvestris L. |
| title_short | Вплив посухи на алелопатичні властивості Pinus sylvestris L. |
| title_sort | вплив посухи на алелопатичні властивості pinus sylvestris l. |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1511 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rositskanv influenceofdroughtonallelopathicpropertiesofpinussylvestrisl AT rositskanv vplivposuhinaalelopatičnívlastivostípinussylvestrisl |