Вплив нічного освітлення на анатомічні і фізіологічні властивості листків липи, гіркокаштана і платана у садово-паркових і вуличних насадженнях Києва
The effect of nighttime lighting on the anatomical and morphological structure and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum, and Platanus acerifolia was estimated on the example of garden-park and street plantings of Kyiv. At the experimental site...
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2023
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Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860145089803714560 |
|---|---|
| author | Zaimenko, Natalia Klymchuk, Dmytro Akimov, Yuri Kuchma, Tetyana Didyk, Nataliya Chudovska, Olena Ivanytska, Bogdana |
| author_facet | Zaimenko, Natalia Klymchuk, Dmytro Akimov, Yuri Kuchma, Tetyana Didyk, Nataliya Chudovska, Olena Ivanytska, Bogdana |
| author_sort | Zaimenko, Natalia |
| baseUrl_str | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2023-08-26T20:36:09Z |
| description | The effect of nighttime lighting on the anatomical and morphological structure and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum, and Platanus acerifolia was estimated on the example of garden-park and street plantings of Kyiv. At the experimental sites, the level of illumination and the soil surface temperature during the day and night periods were examined. The anatomical and morphological structure of the leaves was studied using transmission electron microscopy. The content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) in tree leaves was determined spectrophotometrically.The analysis of variance revealed that nighttime lighting significantly affected the anatomical structure and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of T. cordata and P. acerifolia. In A. hippocastanum, only parameters of stomata and palisade parenchyma showed a significant reaction to this stress factor. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2022021 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:42Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Plant Introduction, 97/98, 33–45 (2023)
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
The effect of nighttime lighting on the anatomical and physiological
features of the leaves of linden, horse chestnut, and plane trees in garden-
park and street plantings of Kyiv
Natalia Zaimenko 1, Dmytro Klymchuk 2, Yuri Akimov 2, Tetyana Kuchma 3, 4, Nataliya Didyk 1, *,
Olena Chudovska 1, Bogdana Ivanytska 1
1 M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine;
* nataliya_didyk@ukr.net
2 M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska str. 2, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
3 Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Metrologichna str.
12, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
4 National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, G. Skovorody str. 2, 04070 Kyiv, Ukraine
Received: 02.11.2022 | Accepted: 13.04.2023 | Published online: 03.05.2023
Abstract
The effect of nighttime lighting on the anatomical and morphological structure and the content of
photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum, and Platanus acerifolia was
estimated on the example of garden-park and street plantings of Kyiv. At the experimental sites, the level
of illumination and the soil surface temperature during the day and night periods were examined. The
anatomical and morphological structure of the leaves was studied using transmission electron microscopy.
The content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) in tree leaves was determined
spectrophotometrically.
The analysis of variance revealed that nighttime lighting significantly affected the anatomical structure
and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of T. cordata and P. acerifolia. In A. hippocastanum,
only parameters of stomata and palisade parenchyma showed a significant reaction to this stress factor.
Keywords: Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum, Platanus acerifolia, nighttime lighting, photosynthetic pigments, stomata area, palisade
mesophyll
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2022021
UDC [581.132 + 581.4] : 581.45 : 582.091 / .097
Authors’ contributions: Conceived and designed the experiments: Zaimenko N.V. Performed the experiments: Kuchma T. analyzed
light intensity within the experimental areas; Ivanytska B.O. collected leaf and soil samples, measured content of photosynthetic
pigments in leaves and chemical soil characteristics; microscopic studies were carried out by Klymchuk D.O., Akimov Y.M. and
Chudovska O.O. Wrote the paper: Didyk N.P. Critically revised the manuscript: Zaimenko N.V.
Funding: This research was supported by the target program of scientific research “Aerospace observations of the environment in
the interests of sustainable development and safety” for 2021–2023: “Influence of aerogenic and light pollution on the structural and
functional organization of urbophytocoenoses” N0121U111561 from 01.06.2021.
Competing Interests: Authors declared that they have no conflict of interests.
Introduction
Urban greenings are important for
revitalizing the living environment for the
human population and fauna. In large,
densely populated cities, such as Kyiv,
green plantations of perennial plants are
exposed to significant anthropogenic load,
which disrupts natural coenotic and trophic
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-1223
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-8213
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-1147
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9328-5919
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8448-7490
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-1365
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8969-2239
34 Plant Introduction • 97/98
Zaimenko et al.
relationships and reduces the resistance of
plantations to abiotic and biotic stressors.
Artificial illumination of inhabited areas is
considered a major disturbing factor of natural
light regimes and anthropogenic pollution
(Meravi & Prajapati, 2018). Effect of artificial
illumination on natural and urban ecosystems
has been intensively studied during recent
decades and was shown to have both
beneficial and harmful consequences (Sodani
et al., 2022). Recent studies demonstrated that
the ecological effects of artificial illumination
are not limited to the irradiated area but also
affect pollination, net primary productivity,
flowering and nutrient recycling, ecosystem
services, and biodiversity far beyond (Sodani
et al., 2022).
It has been proved that intermittent light
at night, even of short duration or at low
intensities, can have marked physiological
effects on vegetation (Meravi & Prajapati,
2018). The photosynthetically active radiation
(wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm)
associated with nighttime light pollution
(< 0.5 μmol · m−2 · s−1) is much lower than the
one during the day (100–2000 μmol · m−2 · s−1),
and therefore the effect of light pollution on
photosynthetic processes is negligible (Raven
& Cockell, 2006). On the other hand, steady
light of a given red and far-red ratio could
regulate specific physiological reactions
associated with photomorphogenesis,
phototropism, and circadian rhythm (Briggs,
2016). Artificial illumination mainly affects
plant phenology, viz. seed germination,
dormancy breaking, blooming time, defoliation
time, etc. (Kwak et al., 2018; Sodani et al., 2022).
The phenological phases could be reduced or
increased by nighttime illumination depending
upon the type of plant species with their
genetic constituents. There is evidence in
the literature that duration of phenological
phases such as flowering, seed ripping, leaf
senescence in trees are more susceptible to
night illumination than shrub species, and
deciduous species are more susceptible than
evergreen ones (Yang & Duan, 2019).
Despite the world scientific community’s
considerable attention to the ecological
consequences of light pollution, such studies
have been practically absent in Ukraine until
recently. According to a recent assessment,
the current level of light pollution in large
cities of Ukraine causes concern, while the
annual growth of light pollution over the
past ten years is about 2.5 % annually (Zhuk &
Zarochentseva, 2021).
The study aimed to evaluate the effect
of nighttime illumination on the morpho-
anatomical structure and the content of
photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of Tilia
cordata Mill., Aesculus hippocastanum L. and
Platanus acerifolia Willd. trees grown in the
streets and Garden park plantings of Kyiv. The
wide distribution of the above-mentioned
species in the green zones of Kyiv and other
urbanized regions of Ukraine caused this
choice. In particular, nearly 90 % of the
modern green areas of Kyiv contain Populus
sp., Tilia sp., and A. hippocastanum (Levon,
1999). Recent studies showed that most street
plantings of T. cordata and A. hippocastanum in
Kyiv are severely weakened (Miroshnyk et al.,
2019). These trees significantly suffer from
the deterioration of environmental conditions
caused by intensive urbanization and
aerotechnogenic and light pollution. Platanus
acerifolia rarely occurs in the Kyiv green areas.
However, this species is typical for many other
urban green spaces of Ukraine.
Material and methods
Experimental sites
The studies were conducted on two
selected experimental sites in Kyiv with
artificial plantings of Tilia cordata, Aesculus
hippocastanum, and Platanus acerifolia – on
the territory of the M.M. Gryshko National
Botanical Garden (Site 1), which is not exposed
to nighttime artificial lighting and on the
street plantings of Lesia Ukrainka blvd. (Site 2)
exposed to significant artificial lighting (Fig. 1).
Both experimental sites are located in the
central part of Kyiv. The distance between them
makes up 2.6 km. Stationary test plots (five test
plots for each tree species) were established
in each studied site. The illumination and
temperature on the soil surface were
measured during the day (9 : 00 – 12 : 00) and at
night (21 : 00 – 00 : 00) periods. The illumination
level was determined using a UT-383 luxmeter
(UNI-T, China) at the height of 1.5 m above the
ground. In addition, an LI-250A analyzer (LI-
COR, USA) equipped with a high-precision
PAR sensor was also applied. Soil temperature
was determined with a Check Temp portable
Plant Introduction • 97/98 35
The effect of nighttime lighting on the leaves of linden, horse chestnut, and plane trees
thermometer (Hanna Instruments, USA). The
research was conducted over a period from
May to September 2021.
Light intensity within the study plots was
also analyzed using Visible Infrared Imaging
Radiometer Suite (NASA/NOAA Suomi
National Polar-orbiting Partnership, 2022)
satellite imagery – the monthly averaged
composites of satellite image data obtained
using a 500 m spatial resolution night sensor.
The data were obtained using the Google Earth
Engine platform (Gorelick et al., 2017) and
averaged over a month within the test sites. To
analyze the dynamics of air pollution by traffic
emissions, the index of NO2 concentration
in the atmospheric column (i.e., in the entire
layer from the satellite to the earth’s surface)
was applied using Sentinel-5P imagery of the
Google Earth Engine platform with a spatial
resolution of 3 × 7 km.
The soil samples for agrochemical analysis
were collected from the rhizosphere layer (0–
30 cm depth) simultaneously with plant material
sampling. The macro- and microelements
in soil samples were determined using
inductively coupled plasma spectrometer
iCAP 6300 DUO from Thermo Fisher Scientific
(USA). They were extracted with 1N HCl
(Rinkis & Nollendorff, 1982). The contents of
nitrates, ammonia, and organic carbon were
determined spectrophotometrically using
a qualitative reaction with diphenylamine
(Rinkis & Nollendorff, 1982). Soil moisture was
determined by gravimetric technique (Papish,
2001).
Quantification of photosynthetic pigments
Healthy mature leaves exposed to sunlight
were collected (ten leaves from each sample
site, 50 leaf samples for each tree species)
on 18 May, 13 July, and 16 September 2021.
Freshly collected leaves were chopped with
scissors and mixed. To analyze the content of
photosynthetic pigments, averaged samples
of this mixture were used. Photosynthetic
pigments (chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids)
were extracted from freshly collected leaves
with dimethylsulfoxide (Hiscox & Israelstam,
1979). Quantitative content was determined
Figure 1. Location of the experimental sites: 1 – M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (Site 1); 2 – Lesia
Ukrainka blvd. (Site 2).
36 Plant Introduction • 97/98
Zaimenko et al.
using a spectrophotometer SPECORD 200
(Analytik Jena), according to Wellburn (1994).
Electron microscopic studies
For electron microscopic examination, cuttings
were taken from the leaves fixed with 3 %
solution of glutaraldehyde in a 0.1 M cacodylate
buffer (pH 7.2) for 3 h applying vacuum
infiltration and further fixation with 1 % osmium
tetroxide in the same buffer for 1 h at room
temperature and 12 h at 4 °C. The samples were
dehydrated in series of ethanols of increasing
concentration and polymerized in a mixture
of epoxy resins (Epon 812-Araldite). Transverse
silver-gold sections (60 ± 10 nm) were Reynolds
stained with lead citrate and examined in a
JEM-I230 transmission electron microscope
(JEOL) at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV.
Statistics
Statistical processing of the results of the
experiments was carried out by the method of
ANOVA with the help of Statistica 10.0 software
(Stat Soft. Inc., USA). P values of less than 0.05
were considered statistically significant.
Results and discussion
Comparative analysis of daytime illumination
indices within the study areas of Site 1 and
Site 2 revealed no significant difference.
During the period of observations, the
illumination values ranged from 74–93 μmol
photons · m–2 · s–1 in the shade to 870–963
μmol photons · m–2 · s–1 in the sun. At night, the
illumination values in Site 2 were 2.3–7.5 times
higher than in Site 1 (Table 1).
The temperature of the near-surface layer
of the soil (0–5 cm) during the night period has
not differed significantly between the studied
areas. However, in the afternoon, in Site 1, the
temperature of the near-surface layer of the
soil was 1–1.3 °С lower than in Site 2.
The analysis of satellite data on the intensity
of nighttime illumination (i.e., the intensity of
electromagnetic radiation, nanoWatts/cm2/
sr) showed that their values were 1.9–2.4 times
higher in Site 2 compared to Site 1. While the
average monthly values of the NO2 pollution
index almost did not differ due to small
distance between the studied areas (Table 2).
The content of nutrients (i.e., nitrogen,
sulfur, sodium, iron, and silicon) in Site 2 was
significantly higher as compared to Site 1
(Table 3). The bioavailability of toxic metals
(i.e., zink and lead) was also significantly higher
in the soil samples collected in Site 2 than in
Site 1. However, in both sampling sites, the
concentrations of the mentioned toxic metals
were far below the threshold level necessary
for physiological reactions in higher plants
(Dijkshoorn et al., 1979). The concentration
of humus (organic carbon) and soil solution
pH did not differ significantly between the
two sampling sites. To sum up, the edaphic
conditions on Site 2 seem more favorable for
trees growing than on Site 1.
Morpho-anatomical studies of the tree
leaves revealed significant differences in
the structural organization of their stomatal
apparatus and the palisade cells of the
mesophyll (Tables 4 & 5, Figs 2–4). The detected
changes were specific for each of the analyzed
tree species. In particular, T. cordata growing
in Site 2 demonstrated a decrease in the
number of stomata by 13 % compared to plants
growing in Site 1. In A. hippocastanum exposed
to nighttime lighting, the number of stomata
on the adaxial surface of the leaves of horse
chestnut increased by 26 %, but their size
decreased by 19–23 % compared to the plants
growing in Site 1. A similar but less pronounced
trend was observed for P. acerifolia – a slight
increase in the stomata number (8 %) and an
insignificant reduction in their size. Thus,
significant differences in stomata anatomical
characteristics between trees growing in Site 1
and Site 2 were detected only for T. cordata.
Sampling site
Illumination, μmol photons · m–2 · s–1
Soil surface 1.5 m above the ground 4 m above the ground
Site 1 0.02–0.15 0.02–0.15 0.02–0.15
Site 2 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.65 0.40– 0.75
Table 1. Illumination values on the experimental sites.
Plant Introduction • 97/98 37
The effect of nighttime lighting on the leaves of linden, horse chestnut, and plane trees
Month
Site 1 Site 2
Illumination NO2 Illumination NO2
January 50.83 0.21 113.24 0.20
February 49.77 0.25 105.35 0.25
March 22.21 0.14 43.71 0.13
April 19.81 0.14 42.15 0.14
May 18.08 0.10 42.93 0.11
June 18.47 0.11 38.23 0.11
July 18.60 0.12 36.76 0.13
August 19.04 0.11 37.40 0.11
September 20.54 0.13 38.37 0.12
October 20.80 0.13 40.82 0.13
November 19.15 0.12 44.29 0.12
December 21.94 0.08 51.95 0.08
Table 2. Dynamics of illumination indices (nanoWatts / cm2 / sr) and NO2 indices (mmol / m2) during 2021 on
the territory of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (Site 1) and Lesia Ukrainka blvd. (Site 2) according
to VIIRS/NOAA data and Sentinel-5P satellite data
Soil
characteristics
Tilia cordata Aesculus hippocastanum Platanus acerifolia
Site 1 Site 2 Site 1 Site 2 Site 1 Site 2
NH4 18.7 ± 2.2 33.5 ± 3.4 10.3 ± 2.1 24.8 ± 2.4 9.8 ± 2.3 32.9 ± 1.8
NO3 17.6 ± 1.9 25.6 ± 1.2 24.8 ± 3.3 29.3 ± 2.8 21.4 ± 1.4 32.5 ± 1.1
Fe 1375.4 ± 4.8 1882 ± 5.4 2190.2 ± 6.5 2842 ± 4.1 2163.5 ± 5.4 2685 ± 2.9
Ca 935.6 ± 7.8 899 ± 9.1 1089.2 ± 8.3 1074.2 ± 9.9 1004.9 ± 3.3 979.4 ± 4.7
K 234.6 ± 8.5 255.3 ± 10.4 379.5 ± 12.5 355.6 ± 8.3 328.5 ± 8.3 319.2 ± 14.3
Cd 0.2 ± 0.1 0.2 ± 0.1 0.2 ± 0.1 0.3 ± 0.1 0.2 ± 0.1 0.3 ± 0.1
Cr 2.7 ± 0.3 3.32 ± 0.3 6.7 ± 0.5 7.5 ± 0.4 3.9 ± 0.6 5.7 ± 0.9
Cu 3.4 ± 0.8 5.1 ± 0.9 5.4 ± 0.5 6.5 ± 0.5 5.3 ± 0.3 6.1 ± 0.9
P 5.8 ± 0.8 6.5 ± 0.49 3.1 ± 1.2 5.1 ± 0.9 4.1 ± 0.8 5.9 ± 0.9
Pb 4.6 ± 0.7 9.3 ± 2.2 3.8 ± 0.8 8.5 ± 0.9 21.6 ± 4.3 27.4 ± 3.9
S 488.6 ± 2.4 984.1 ± 3.8 386.2 ± 3.7 132.4 ± 2.5 430.2 ± 1.6 660.5 ± 4.3
Si 950.6 ± 4.5 2019.3 ± 8.7 1429.1 ± 3.2 1482.4 ± 5.7 1656.0 ± 5.9 1753.4 ± 9.8
Sr 1.4 ± 0.3 6.7 ± 0.5 3.7 ± 0.8 5.8 ± 0.9 4.4 ± 0.7 5.1 ± 0.4
Ti 422.1 ± 4.4 813.5 ± 6.3 568.5 ± 2.6 690.8 ± 8.2 677.8 ± 6.4 869.8 ± 4.6
V 16.1 ± 1.7 24.4 ± 2.3 21.5 ± 1.5 23.2 ± 1.7 26.9 ± 1.3 28.1 ± 1.9
Zn 17.2 ± 3.7 25.2 ± 3.3 29.7 ± 2.6 33.1 ± 2.5 24.9 ± 10.7 30.4 ± 9.9
Na 228.3 ± 2.5 257.8 ± 8.9 253.4 ± 3.8 266.2 ± 4.4 221.2 ± 8.4 234.4 ± 9.2
Al 1657 ± 15.6 1545 ± 24.8 1972.2 ± 35.5 2017.0 ± 29.8 1983.2 ± 43.9 2048.8 ± 36.3
pH 6.7 ± 0.1 6.5 ± 0.1 6.6 ± 0.1 6.9 ± 0.1 6.4 ± 0.1 6.7 ± 0.1
Corg 4.2 ± 0.2 3.8 ± 0.3 5.2 ± 0.1 5.1 ± 0.2 6.6 ± 0.3 6.2 ± 0.2
Soil moisture 44.6 ± 2.4 50.2 ± 3.7 46.3 ± 4.2 45.6 ± 3.3 43.8 ± 2.7 48.2 ± 4.6
Table 3. Content of nutrients (mg / kg), humus (Corg, %), pH, and soil moisture (%) on experimental plots.
38 Plant Introduction • 97/98
Zaimenko et al.
For T. cordata, the most pronounced
anatomical changes in the palisade
parenchyma were found in trees exposed to
nighttime lighting (Table 5). In particular, cell
sizes decreased by 19–31 %, and the integrity
of cell walls and endoplasmic reticulum was
disturbed. Similar but less pronounced trends
were observed for A. hippocastanum. The foliar
anatomy of P. acerifolia showed no correlation
with the nighttime lighting effect.
The analysis of the content of photosynthetic
pigments in the leaves revealed significant
differences between trees growing in Site 1
and Site 2 (Table 6). In particular, the leaves
of T. cordata and A. hippocastanum exposed to
artificial nighttime lighting (Site 2) had lower
chlorophyll a content during summer and
spring than plants growing without nighttime
lighting (Site 1). The content of chlorophyll b
was higher in trees exposed to artificial
nighttime lighting in all trees studied.
Chlorophyll b expands the range of
wavelengths absorbed by chloroplasts, and
the increase in its concentration indicates
unfavorable illumination conditions (Yue
et al., 2021). Whereas in autumn, on the
contrary, trees exposed to nighttime lighting
had a slightly higher chlorophyll a content
than the control. This increase may be
related to the shifts of natural phenological
rhythms, particularly the delay of autumn
leaf senescence. Trees growing near artificial
lighting react late to autumn cooling and low
temperatures – their leaves do not change
color and often freeze completely green
(Briggs, 2006; Gaston et al., 2013; Škvareninová
et al., 2017).
The results of the analysis of variance are
represented in Table 7. It was established that
artificial nighttime illumination significantly
affected the anatomical features and content
of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves
of T. cordata and P. acerifolia at p < 0.05. In
the case of A. hippocastanum, only foliar
anatomical features demonstrated significant
dependence on nighttime illumination. It
is known that the concentration of certain
nutrients, such as nitrogen, iron, silicon, and
sulfur, could influence leaf photosynthetic
rate, gas exchange, and leaf anatomy (Li et al.,
2021; Zaimenko et al., 2021). The supply of
these nutrients has a different influence on
Location Species Stomata density per cm2 Stomata length, nm Stomata width, nm
Site 1 Tilia cordata 15.0 ± 0.2 24.8 ± 0.6 17.2 ± 0.4
Aesculus hippocastanum 14.4 ± 0.3 24.4 ± 0.8 12.5 ± 0.4
Platanus acerifolia 13.0 ± 0.4 32.2 ± 0.7 24.8 ± 0.5
Site 2 Tilia cordata 13.0 ± 0.2 27.5 ± 0.7 15.2 ± 0.4
Aesculus hippocastanum 18.2 ± 0.3 18.8 ± 0.8 10.1 ± 0.5
Platanus acerifolia 14.0 ± 0.3 31.2 ± 0.7 24.3 ± 0.4
Table 4. Changes in stomata characteristics in the leaves of tree species growing in M.M. Gryshko National
Botanical Garden (Site 1) and Lesia Ukrainka blvd. (Site 2), mean ± standard error.
Location Species Cell length, nm Cell width, nm Parenchyma layer
thickness, nm
Site 1 Tilia cordata 17.9 ± 0.2 7.8 ± 0.1 35.9 ± 0.2
Aesculus hippocastanum 49.8 ± 0.3 9.7 ± 0.1 99.9 ± 0.3
Platanus acerifolia 32.5 ± 0.3 9.3 ± 0.1 66.5 ± 0.2
Site 2 Tilia cordata 14.3 ± 0.2 5.2 ± 0.1 29.1 ± 0.2
Aesculus hippocastanum 42.3 ± 0.3 6.8 ± 0.1 85.2 ± 0.3
Platanus acerifolia 29.54 ± 0.3 9.4 ± 0.2 61.6 ± 0.3
Table 5. Anatomical peculiarities of palisade parenchyma in the leaves of tree species growing in
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (Site 1) and Lesia Ukrainka blvd. (Site 2), mean ± standard error.
Plant Introduction • 97/98 39
The effect of nighttime lighting on the leaves of linden, horse chestnut, and plane trees
Figure 2. SEM images of Aesculus hippocastanum leaves fragments: 1, 3, 5 – M.M. Gryshko National Botanical
Garden (Site 1); 2, 4, 6 – Lesia Ukrainka blvd. (Site 2); 1, 2 – the abaxial surface of the leaf; 3–6 – the adaxial
surface of the leaf.
leaf anatomy, resulting in varying conclusions
(Conley et al., 2002; Fernández et al., 2008;
Liu & Li, 2016). Positive correlation between
nitrogen, iron, silicon, and sulfur with
photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content
has been established (Kumawat et al., 2006;
Liu & Li, 2016; Li et al., 2021; Zaimenko et al.,
2021). Though Site 2, compared to Site 1,
showed a much higher concentration of
macro- and micronutrients, the observed
decrease in foliar chlorophyll a content in
T. cordata proves that inhibiting effects of
40 Plant Introduction • 97/98
Zaimenko et al.
Figure 3. SEM images of Tilia cordata leaves fragments: 1, 3, 5 – M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden
(Site 1); 2, 4, 6 – Lesia Ukrainka blvd. (Site 2); 1, 2 – the abaxial surface of the leaf; 3–6 – the adaxial surface
of the leaf.
artificial nighttime light pollution exceeded
the positive impact of better nutrient supply.
At the same time, the observed increase in
the content of chlorophyll b and carotenoids
in the linden leaves could indicate both
adaptive reaction to illumination stress and
better nitrogen supply. On the other hand, the
increase in the content of chlorophyll a and b
in the leaves of P. acerifolia growing on Site 2
could be due to better nutrition, though the
stimulative effect of nighttime lighting should
not be excluded.
Plant Introduction • 97/98 41
The effect of nighttime lighting on the leaves of linden, horse chestnut, and plane trees
Figure 4. SEM images of Platanus acerifolia leaves fragments: 1, 3, 5 – M.M. Gryshko National Botanical
Garden (Site 1); 2, 4, 6 – Lesia Ukrainka blvd. (Site 2); 1, 2 – the abaxial surface of the leaf; 3–6 – the adaxial
surface of the leaf.
Photosynthesis is a dynamic process
fluctuating in response to environmental
factors, especially light. Additional artificial
illumination could stimulate photosynthesis
(Tewolde et al., 2016; Bian et al., 2018). On
the other hand, absorption of excessive light
lead to light-induced production of reactive
oxygen species (ROS), photooxidative damage,
lipid peroxidation, and PSII photoinhibition
in higher plants (Ksas et al., 2015). Apart from
this, altering circadian rhythms could cause an
imbalance in carbon metabolism leading to the
42 Plant Introduction • 97/98
Zaimenko et al.
Location Species Sampling date
Chlorophylls
Carotenoids
a b
Site 1 Tilia cordata 18.05.2021 13.84 ± 0.11 3.52 ± 0.04 3.11 ± 0.03
13.07.2021 12.96 ± 0.18 4.12 ± 0.02 3.42 ± 0.02
16.09.2021 11.85 ± 0.13 4.65 ± 0.02 3.58 ± 0.02
Aesculus hippocastanum 18.05.2021 12.22 ± 0.12 4.33 ± 0.03 4.7 ± 0.02
13.07.2021 13.28 ± 0.17 4.87 ± 0.04 4.4 ± 0.03
16.09.2021 9.87 ± 0.14 4.12 ± 0.04 4.9 ± 0.04
Platanus acerifolia 18.05.2021 12.07 ± 0.10 6.39 ± 0.03 2.15 ± 0.01
13.07.2021 12.35 ± 0.15 6.42 ± 0.04 2.94 ± 0.02
16.09.2021 11.91 ± 0.12 5.87 ± 0.04 3.10 ± 0.02
Site 2 Tilia cordata 18.05.2021 11.88 ± 0.17 5.65 ± 0.02 3.35 ± 0.02
13.07.2021 12.76 ± 0.15 6.34 ± 0.03 3.56 ± 0.03
16.09.2021 11.87 ± 0.11 5.87 ± 0.03 3.85 ± 0.03
Aesculus hippocastanum 18.05.2021 11.94 ± 0.17 4.75 ± 0.04 5.19 ± 0.04
13.07.2021 12.68 ± 0.14 5.93 ± 0.04 5.75 ± 0.03
16.09.2021 12.73 ± 0.16 5.88 ± 0.03 5.98 ± 0.04
Platanus acerifolia 18.05.2021 12.02 ± 0.13 6.97 ± 0.04 2.53 ± 0.03
13.07.2021 12.55 ± 0.14 6.34 ± 0.02 2.78 ± 0.03
16.09.2021 12.92 ± 0.12 6.62 ± 0.03 3.64 ± 0.03
Table 6. The content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of tree species growing in M.M. Gryshko
National Botanical Garden (Site 1) and Lesia Ukrainka blvd. (Site 2), mean ± standard error.
Characteristics
Tilia cordata Aesculus hippocastanum Platanus acerifolia
F P r F P r F P r
Stomata density 347.16 <0.01 –0.85 2850.97 <0.01 0.89 69.53 <0.01 0.85
Stomata length 1498.26 <0.01 0.83 6230.47 <0.01 –0.88 253.85 <0.01 –0.88
Stomata width 836.71 <0.01 –0.84 852.19 <0.01 –0.91 75.75 <0.01 –0.84
Palisade
parenchyma length 1656.59 <0.01 –0.87 1700.94 <0.01 –0.86 287.15 <0.01 –0.88
Palisade
parenchyma width 1325.88 <0.01 –0.76 1782.48 <0.01 –0.84 7.08 0.022 0.53
Chlorophyll a 147.54 <0.01 –0.77 9.03 0.012 –0.67 1891.09 <0.01 –0.90
Chlorophyll b 121.495 <0.01 –0.74 4.09 0.068 –0.52 2481.22 <0.01 –0.80
Carotenoids 10.154 <0.01 –0.49 0.489 0.499 –0.21 27.73 <0.01 –0.65
Table 7. The analysis of variance of the effect of artificial nighttime illumination on anatomical and
biochemical characteristics of tree species growing in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (Site 1)
and Lesia Ukrainka blvd. (Site 2). F – Fisher’s criterion; P – level of significance; r – Pearson correlation
coefficient.
Plant Introduction • 97/98 43
The effect of nighttime lighting on the leaves of linden, horse chestnut, and plane trees
down-regulation of photosynthetic processes
due to high accumulation of starch and sugar
(Demers et al., 1998; Van Gestel et al., 2005).
Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.)
seedlings exposed to nighttime artificial high-
pressure sodium (HPS) lighting exhibited
the enhancement of accessory pigments,
the reduction of photosystem II, increased
stomatal limitation, downregulation of
photosynthesis, and the decreased respiration
rate as well as aboveground and belowground
biomass (Kwak et al., 2018).
While other studies showed positive
effects of continuous light and supplemental
lighting on plant growth and development. In
particular, Tewolde et al. (2016) documented
that nighttime lighting can stimulate
physiological functions such as photosynthesis
and yield. Bian et al. (2018) established the
positive effects of supplemental green light
on lettuce plants by enhancing the activity of
antioxidative enzymes and promoting LHCb
and PsbA expression to maintain higher
photosynthetic capacity.
Thus, the results of our research
demonstrated that anatomical features
and content of photosynthetic pigments
in the leaves of T. cordata and P. acerifolia
significantly depend on nighttime lighting.
The inhibiting effect of artificial nighttime
lighting on the content of chlorophyll a in the
leaves of T. cordata has been proved. While in
A. hippocastanum only stomata and palisade
parenchyma characteristics changed in
response to this stress factor.
Conclusions
Artificial illumination today is recognized as an
important factor of anthropogenic pollution.
Although the world scientific community
has been concerned with the problem of
ecological consequences of light pollution
far ago, in Ukraine, such studies were almost
totally absent until yet. Present comparative
study of the anatomical and morphological
structure and content of photosynthetic
pigments in the leaves of the most common
tree species used in the street and park
plantings of Kyiv showed that these species
reacted differently to nighttime lighting.
Nighttime lighting significantly affected the
anatomical features of stomata and palisade
parenchyma, chlorophyll a and b contents in
the leaves of T. cordata and P. acerifolia. For
A. hippocastanum, significant dependence of
stomata and palisade parenchyma features on
this stress factor was revealed.
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Plant Introduction • 97/98 45
The effect of nighttime lighting on the leaves of linden, horse chestnut, and plane trees
Вплив нічного освітлення на анатомічні і фізіологічні властивості листків липи,
гіркокаштана і платана у садово-паркових і вуличних насадженнях Києва
Наталія Заіменко 1, Дмитро Kлімчук 2, Юрій Акімов 2, Тетяна Кучма 3, 4, Наталія Дідик 1, *, Олена
Чудовська 1, Богдана Іваницька 1
1 Національний ботанічний сад ім. М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Садово-Ботанічна, 1, Київ, 01014,
Україна; * nataliya_didyk@ukr.net
2 Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України, вул. Терещенківська, 2, Київ, 01601, Україна
3 Інститут агроекології і природокористування НААН України, вул. Метрологічна, 12, Київ, 03143,
Україна
4 Національний університет “Києво-Могилянська академія”, вул. Г. Сковороди, 2, Київ, 04070, Україна
Досліджено вплив штучного нічного освітлення на анатомо-морфологічну структуру та вміст
фотосинтетичних пігментів в листках насаджень Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum і Platanus
acerifolia на прикладі садово-паркових і вуличних насаджень Києва. На дослідних ділянках
реєстрували рівень освітленості, температуру на поверхні ґрунту в денний та нічний періоди.
Анатомо-морфологічну структуру листків досліджували за допомогою трансмісійного електронного
мікроскопу. Вміст фотосинтетичних пігментів (хлорофілів і каротиноїдів) у листках дерев визначали
спектрофотометрично.
Результати дисперсійного аналізу показали, що нічне освітлення суттєво впливає на анатомо-
морфологічну структуру, а також вміст фотосинтетичних пігментів у листках T. cordata і P. acerifolia.
Водночас, в A. hippocastanum лише морфологічні показники продихів і палісадної паренхіми виявили
істотну залежність від цього стресового фактору.
Ключові слова: Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum, Platanus acerifolia, нічне освітлення, фотосинтетичні пігменти, продихи,
палісадний мезофіл
Zaimenko, N., Didyk, N., Ellanska, N., Rositska, N.,
Kharytonova, I., & Yunosheva, O. (2021).
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https://doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.27.2021.07
|
| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1561 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/7f/139da9a3033a79d1d61ed4213c38407f.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-15612023-08-26T20:36:09Z The effect of nighttime lighting on the anatomical and physiological features of the leaves of linden, horse chestnut, and plane trees in garden-park and street plantings of Kyiv Вплив нічного освітлення на анатомічні і фізіологічні властивості листків липи, гіркокаштана і платана у садово-паркових і вуличних насадженнях Києва Zaimenko, Natalia Klymchuk, Dmytro Akimov, Yuri Kuchma, Tetyana Didyk, Nataliya Chudovska, Olena Ivanytska, Bogdana The effect of nighttime lighting on the anatomical and morphological structure and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum, and Platanus acerifolia was estimated on the example of garden-park and street plantings of Kyiv. At the experimental sites, the level of illumination and the soil surface temperature during the day and night periods were examined. The anatomical and morphological structure of the leaves was studied using transmission electron microscopy. The content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) in tree leaves was determined spectrophotometrically.The analysis of variance revealed that nighttime lighting significantly affected the anatomical structure and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of T. cordata and P. acerifolia. In A. hippocastanum, only parameters of stomata and palisade parenchyma showed a significant reaction to this stress factor. Досліджено вплив штучного нічного освітлення на анатомо-морфологічну структуру та вміст фотосинтетичних пігментів в листках насаджень Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum і Platanus acerifolia на прикладі садово-паркових і вуличних насаджень Києва. На дослідних ділянках реєстрували рівень освітленості, температуру на поверхні ґрунту в денний та нічний періоди. Анатомо-морфологічну структуру листків досліджували за допомогою трансмісійного електронного мікроскопу. Вміст фотосинтетичних пігментів (хлорофілів і каротиноїдів) у листках дерев визначали спектрофотометрично.Результати дисперсійного аналізу показали, що нічне освітлення суттєво впливає на анатомо-морфологічну структуру, а також вміст фотосинтетичних пігментів у листках T. cordata і P. acerifolia. Водночас, в A. hippocastanum лише морфологічні показники продихів і палісадної паренхіми виявили істотну залежність від цього стресового фактору. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2023-05-03 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1561 10.46341/PI2022021 Plant Introduction; No 97/98 (2023); 33-45 Інтродукція Рослин; № 97/98 (2023); 33-45 2663-290X 1605-6574 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1561/1540 Copyright (c) 2023 Natalia Zaimenko, Dmytro Klymchuk, Yuri Akimov, Tetyana Kuchma, Nataliya Didyk, Olena Chudovska, Bogdana Ivanytska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Zaimenko, Natalia Klymchuk, Dmytro Akimov, Yuri Kuchma, Tetyana Didyk, Nataliya Chudovska, Olena Ivanytska, Bogdana Вплив нічного освітлення на анатомічні і фізіологічні властивості листків липи, гіркокаштана і платана у садово-паркових і вуличних насадженнях Києва |
| title | Вплив нічного освітлення на анатомічні і фізіологічні властивості листків липи, гіркокаштана і платана у садово-паркових і вуличних насадженнях Києва |
| title_alt | The effect of nighttime lighting on the anatomical and physiological features of the leaves of linden, horse chestnut, and plane trees in garden-park and street plantings of Kyiv |
| title_full | Вплив нічного освітлення на анатомічні і фізіологічні властивості листків липи, гіркокаштана і платана у садово-паркових і вуличних насадженнях Києва |
| title_fullStr | Вплив нічного освітлення на анатомічні і фізіологічні властивості листків липи, гіркокаштана і платана у садово-паркових і вуличних насадженнях Києва |
| title_full_unstemmed | Вплив нічного освітлення на анатомічні і фізіологічні властивості листків липи, гіркокаштана і платана у садово-паркових і вуличних насадженнях Києва |
| title_short | Вплив нічного освітлення на анатомічні і фізіологічні властивості листків липи, гіркокаштана і платана у садово-паркових і вуличних насадженнях Києва |
| title_sort | вплив нічного освітлення на анатомічні і фізіологічні властивості листків липи, гіркокаштана і платана у садово-паркових і вуличних насадженнях києва |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1561 |
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