Сучасна біотехнологія в оптимізації утилізації рослинних відходів
The study aimed to develop a modern, cheap, and environmentally safe technology for the disposal of plant waste, with the participation of the most active microorganisms-destructors.The microorganisms’ ability to help transform plant waste into viable, fertile soil was extensively studied. We select...
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2020 |
|---|---|
| Автори: | , , , , , , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
| Опубліковано: |
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2020
|
| Онлайн доступ: | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1565 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Plant Introduction |
| Завантажити файл: |  |
Репозитарії
Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860145091013771264 |
|---|---|
| author | Zaimenko, Nataliia Ivanytska, Bohdana Pavliuchenko, Nataliia Slyusarenko, Olexandr Tian, Lijuan Miao, Tianlin Liu, Dejiang Pyzyk, Myron Slaski, Jan |
| author_facet | Zaimenko, Nataliia Ivanytska, Bohdana Pavliuchenko, Nataliia Slyusarenko, Olexandr Tian, Lijuan Miao, Tianlin Liu, Dejiang Pyzyk, Myron Slaski, Jan |
| author_sort | Zaimenko, Nataliia |
| baseUrl_str | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2023-08-26T20:39:33Z |
| description | The study aimed to develop a modern, cheap, and environmentally safe technology for the disposal of plant waste, with the participation of the most active microorganisms-destructors.The microorganisms’ ability to help transform plant waste into viable, fertile soil was extensively studied. We selected strains of micromycetes Penicillium roseopurpureum, Trichoderma hamatum, T. koningii, Alternaria alternata, and bacteria of the genus Cytophaga, which are characterized by high growth rate and the absence of phytotoxicity. To accelerate microorganism development, we used silicon-containing mineral analcime, which contained immobilized spores of micromycetes and bacterial cells’ suspensions. Modified analcime was added to the waste in a ratio of 10 : 1. The plant remains prepared in this method were analyzed under conditions of both model and vegetation experiments.An evidence for the expediency of using the silicon-containing mineral analcime as a starting substrate for immobilization of spores and suspension of bacterial cells in the culture fluid was provided. The microorganisms involved in the experiment showed a positive result in transforming plant waste during the 30-day observation period. The highest destructive activity against apple and grape waste is characteristic for the T. hamatum strain, for beet waste – P. roseopurpureum. The species-specificity of these destructive microorganisms on plant growth processes was proved. The maximum growth of corn sprouts in apple waste was detected by inoculation with T. koningii spores, grape waste – T. hamatum, and beet waste – a mixture of micromycetes with a Cytophaga sp. suspension. The optimal duration of plant waste transformation using analcime, inoculated with microorganisms, is 20–30 days. In the indoor farming conditions, the standard for utilizing the modified vegetable waste placement was 10 % of the total volume of a substrate during the preparation of soil mixes.The environmental safety of plant waste after their destruction was confirmed. The presence of a silicon-containing mineral in the mixture leads to increased growth and plant development, optimization of the agrophysical, agrochemical, and biological parameters of the soil, reducing soil fatigue, and increasing fertility. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2020020 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:43Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Plant Introduction, 87/88, 3–21 (2020)
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization
Natalia Zaimenko 1, *, Bohdana Ivanytska 1, Nataliia Pavliuchenko 1, Olexandr Slyusarenko 2,
Lijuan Tian 3, Tianlin Miao 3, Dejiang Liu 3, Myron Pyzyk 4, Jan Slaski 5
1 M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tymiryazevska str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine;
* zaimenkonv@ukr.net
2 Botanical Garden of the Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Frantsuzsky blvd. 48/50, 65058 Odesa, Ukraine
3 China-Ukraine Agriculture & Forestry Technology Development and Application International Cooperation Joint Lab, Jiamusi
University, 154007 Jiamusi, China
4 United Institute of Modern Technologies, Edmonton, T5N 3C1 Alberta, Canada
5 Bio-Industrial Services Division, InnoTech Alberta, Vegreville, T9C 1T4 Alberta, Canada
Received: 29.06.2020 | Accepted: 12.11.2020 | Published: 30.12.2020
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a modern, cheap, and environmentally safe technology for the disposal of
plant waste, with the participation of the most active microorganisms-destructors.
The microorganisms’ ability to help transform plant waste into viable, fertile soil was extensively studied.
We selected strains of micromycetes Penicillium roseopurpureum, Trichoderma hamatum, T. koningii, Alternaria
alternata, and bacteria of the genus Cytophaga, which are characterized by high growth rate and the absence
of phytotoxicity. To accelerate microorganism development, we used silicon-containing mineral analcime,
which contained immobilized spores of micromycetes and bacterial cells’ suspensions. Modified analcime
was added to the waste in a ratio of 10 : 1. The plant remains prepared in this method were analyzed
under conditions of both model and vegetation experiments.
An evidence for the expediency of using the silicon-containing mineral analcime as a starting substrate
for immobilization of spores and suspension of bacterial cells in the culture fluid was provided. The
microorganisms involved in the experiment showed a positive result in transforming plant waste
during the 30-day observation period. The highest destructive activity against apple and grape waste is
characteristic for the T. hamatum strain, for beet waste – P. roseopurpureum. The species-specificity of these
destructive microorganisms on plant growth processes was proved. The maximum growth of corn sprouts
in apple waste was detected by inoculation with T. koningii spores, grape waste – T. hamatum, and beet
waste – a mixture of micromycetes with a Cytophaga sp. suspension. The optimal duration of plant waste
transformation using analcime, inoculated with microorganisms, is 20–30 days. In the indoor farming
conditions, the standard for utilizing the modified vegetable waste placement was 10 % of the total volume
of a substrate during the preparation of soil mixes.
The environmental safety of plant waste after their destruction was confirmed. The presence of a silicon-
containing mineral in the mixture leads to increased growth and plant development, optimization of the
agrophysical, agrochemical, and biological parameters of the soil, reducing soil fatigue, and increasing
fertility.
Keywords: plant waste, destructive microorganisms, silicon-containing minerals, soil ecosystem
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2020020
UDC 581.524.1
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-1223
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8969-2239
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8934-7163
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-3243
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-2602
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-7185
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-2133
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-3469
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-5974
4 Plant Introduction • 87/88
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Pavliuchenko, O. Slyusarenko, L. Tian et al.
Introduction
One of the most pressing issues of today, on
which humanity’s future depends, involves
major environmental challenges. The
beginning of the 20th century is marked by
the development of a global environmental
crisis. Due to population growth and active
manufacturing and due to rapid intensification
of the industry under shallow environmental
awareness conditions, there has been a loss of
natural resources and the biosphere’s ability
to ‘self-heal’ and ‘self-purify’. The current
development of civilization, science, and
technology has resulted in the rapid growth
of production and its waste byproducts, and
this has produced both an acute and chronic-
problematic relationship between nature and
society.
Crop production, processing, and
consumption of its products lead to vast
amounts of consumed biomass. Using this
organic waste to increase the balance of
organic matter in the soil is usually the most
acceptable solution, but not in all cases.
This is since the direct application of waste
enhances the greenhouse effect (Powlson
et al., 2008) and often leads to increased soil
toxicity, which is caused by both chemical
and biological properties of plant material and
pesticide residues (Naseer et al., 2014). There
are currently several alternative approaches
to the disposal of plant residues, particularly
for the production of food ingredients
(Laufenberg et al., 2003; Baiano, 2014) and the
production of biosorbents (Laufenberg et al.,
2003). The problems of crop utilization give
rise to various aspects of their processing –
from basic ones, related to residues’ origin
and physicochemical characteristics (Angulo
et al., 2012) to more specialized reasons, based
on biotic approaches, including destruction
processes. Because of the above, research
regarding the study of microorganisms’
taxonomic specificity that colonize plant raw
materials during its processing has become
especially relevant.
Amongst the bacteria involved in the
colonization of substrates of plant origin, the
most active representatives of Actinobacteria,
Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria,
Spirochaetes, Thermotoga; among the archaea
– primarily methyl-forming, belonging to the
phylum Euryarchaeota; among the lower fungi
– representatives of the class Zygomycota;
among the higher fungi – classes Ascomycota
and Basidiomycota (Ryckeboer et al., 2003; Lu
et al., 2005; Ros et al., 2013; Pandit et al., 2016;
Du & Li, 2016).
There are some contradictions regarding
the species composition of microorganisms
involved in the transformation of vegetable
residues. In particular, in anaerobic
conditions in the destruction of rice
straw, vegetable, and food waste, the most
significant activity is found in the genus
Ruminococcus, and in thermophilic conditions
– Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense
(Hernon et al., 2006). In the process of
composting a mixture of vegetable waste
and the remains of cut flowers, the most
numerous species were Bacillus cereus and
B. pasteurii (Lu et al., 2005). The Pseudomonas
alcaligenes strain was identified during its
cooling phase and Brevundimonas diminuta
– during the maturation phase (Ryckeboer
et al., 2003). Significant differences in the
taxonomic composition of microorganisms
were also observed depending on the chemical
composition of the residues, and particularly:
representatives of the genera Pseudomonas,
Burkholderia, Pandoraea, Sphingomonas, and
Thermotoga were actively involved in the
destruction of lignocellulose of rice straw,
vegetable and food waste (Sathishkumar et al.,
2010; Pandit et al., 2016).
Regarding lower fungi, it is reported that
species of the genus Mucor were identified
in the process of composting a mixture
of vegetable, fruit, and garden waste at
different preparatory phases (Ryckeboer
et al., 2003). Fisgativa et al. (2017) testify to
the active participation of ascomycetes in the
transformation of plant waste. Some members
of this group of microorganisms are also
used in wastewater treatment (Lu et al., 2011).
Scientists have focused on the studied species
Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus awamori,
and A. nidulans to obtain humic acids
(Sathishkumar et al., 2010; Motta & Santana,
2013). In general, micromycetes are powerful
biological destructors of various natural origin
substances, including glycoside hydrolases,
lyases, esterases, and other enzymes. The
role of micromycetes in the transformation of
cellulose is crucial.
The lack of cost-effective and
environmentally safe approaches to the
Plant Introduction • 87/88 5
Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization
disposal of crop residues leads to the loss of
almost 15 % of all agricultural production.
Therefore, eliminating the current global
environmental crisis associated with vast
amounts of waste is one of the most important
challenges facing humanity. A solution to
the above requires changes in both the
environmental strategy and the tactics used in
our overall economic model.
Every year agricultural and processing
enterprises accumulate a large amount of
waste, influenced by various microorganisms
(mostly bacteria and micromycetes) that are
primarily disposed of during destruction.
However, this process is prolonged and
uncontrollable. It can be accelerated and
controlled by the use of specialized strains
of microorganisms which must meet the
following criteria: i) high destructive activity
against plant material subject disposal;
ii) the presence of a high growth rate in the
microorganism, which reduces the duration
of composting; iii) the absence of evidence
of phytopathogenicity. Based on the above,
the study aimed to develop a modern, cheap,
and environmentally safe technology for the
disposal of plant waste, with the participation
of the most active microorganisms-
destructors.
Material and methods
We studied the microbiological activity of
strains from the collection of the Botanical
Garden of the Odesa I.I. Mechnikov
National University to assess the intensity
of destruction by industrial plant waste
originating from apples, grapes, beets.
The micromycete strains of Penicillium
roseopurpureum, Trichoderma hamatum,
T. koningii, Alternaria alternata, and bacteria
of the genus Cytophaga were included in the
experimental work. Selected micromycete
strains and bacterial cells were cultured
on Waxman, and Hutchinson and Clayton
(Atlas, 2005) media. To accelerate the rate
of microorganism development, we used
silicon-containing mineral analcime, which
included immobilized spores of micromycetes
and bacterial cells’ suspensions. Modified
analcime was added to the waste in a ratio
of 10 : 1. The plant remains prepared in this
method were analyzed under conditions of
both model and vegetation experiments.
During the transformation process, the state
of waste was determined after 10, 20, and 30
days of constant photofixation.
In the model experiments, corn was used
as a test crop. Analcime-enriched vegetable
waste in the amount of 100, 200, and 300 mg
per 200 g of the mixture was added to the
soil mixture, which included horse manure,
humus, sand, and sod soil at a ratio of
1 : 1 : 1 : 1. Seed germination and development
of maize sprouts were evaluated to establish
the most integrated indicators according to
the experiment’s variants. In indoor farming
conditions, during the preparation of soil
substrates, the application of modified
plant waste was 10 % of the mixture’s total
volume.
Figure 1. The absence of display antagonistic activity of Penicillium roseopurpureum strains against
Trichoderma hamatum (A) and T. koningii (B).
A B
6 Plant Introduction • 87/88
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Pavliuchenko, O. Slyusarenko, L. Tian et al.
We conducted a comparative analysis of
the content of nutrients, phytotoxicity, and
biochemical parameters among the selected
samples of the soil mixture. Phytotoxicity
analysis was performed by direct biotesting.
The growth of watercress roots of Lepidium
sativum L. was applied as a biotest
(Grodzinskij et al., 1990). The content of
phenolic compounds was evaluated by
the desorption method (Grodzinskij et al.,
1988). The redox potential (ORP) was
measured in soil suspension modeling
soil solution at the soil to distilled water
ratio as 1 : 1 by potentiometric technique
(Fiedler et al., 2007; Labuda & Vetchinnikov,
2011). The distribution of macro- and
microelements in the soil mixture was
determined by Rinkis & Nollendorf (1982)
method on an inductively coupled plasma
spectrophotometer iCAP 6300 DUO. The
concentrations of NH4
+ and NO3
- were
measured spectrophotometrically.
The research results were processed
mathematically using the methods of
parametric and nonparametric statistics
at a 95 % significance level. The groups of
values were compared by Mann-Whitney
U-criterion. This is the statistical criterion
used to assess differences between two
independent samples, allows us to identify
differences in the parameter value between
small samples for P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and
P < 0.001. Quantitative indicators of the
content of mineral nutrients in leaves and soil
are given as arithmetic mean with standard
deviation.
Control
Control
Control
Control
Trichoderma hamatum
Penicillium roseopurpureum
Trichoderma koningii
P. roseopurpureum +
T. hamatum + Сytophaga sp.
Control Alternaria alternata
Figure 2. The state of apple waste on the 30th day
of the experiment.
Plant Introduction • 87/88 7
Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization
Results and discussion
At the first stage of our research, we carried
out selecting the most effective cultures of
microorganisms, or their association, from
2–3 strains suitable for utilization in plant
waste. While creating an association of several
cultures, it was necessary to determine
the relationship between these organisms.
Previous studies have shown that the
P. roseopurpureum strain secretes secondary
metabolites during growth, particularly
curvularine (Gavrilov et al., 2013), which is toxic
to phytopathogens of the genera Fusarium,
Aureobasidium, Botrytis, and others.
This raises the question of elucidating the
antagonistic activity of P. roseopurpureum
against strains of the genus Trichoderma. The
results of the conducted experiments showed
the absence of antagonistic activity, which
is very important because when creating
an association, it becomes possible to use
a phytopathogenic active strain jointly. The
absence of any inhibition of the development
of T. hamatum and T. koningii strains in co-
cultivation with P. roseopurpureum is shown
on the Fig. 1.
At the next stage of our experimental work,
the silicon-containing mineral analcime was
used as a starting material for immobilization
of spores and suspension of bacterial cells
of the culture fluid to intensify the growth
rate of microorganisms. Based on the results
obtained from determining the concentration
of microorganisms per 1 g of analcime, the
following dependence was obtained, CFU
(colony-forming units): P. roseopurpureum
– 1.8 · 106; T. hamatum – 2.5 · 105; T. koningii –
Control
Control
Control
Control
Trichoderma hamatum
Penicillium roseopurpureum
Trichoderma koningii
P. roseopurpureum +
T. hamatum + Сytophaga sp.
Control Alternaria alternata
Figure 3. The state of grape waste on the 30th day
of the experiment.
8 Plant Introduction • 87/88
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Pavliuchenko, O. Slyusarenko, L. Tian et al.
2.5 · 105; A. alternata – 1.7·103; Cytophaga sp.
– 1.1 · 105.
Using this methodology, analcime was
enriched and mixed with industrial waste from
apples, grapes, and beets in a ratio of 1 : 10.
The destructive activity of microorganisms
was assessed for one month, every ten days,
using photofixation. The photos clearly show
that during this period, both the volume and
weight of the studied waste significantly
decreased (Figs. 2–4).
According to the change in qualitative
indicators after the destruction of plant
remains, the quantitative characteristics
have also changed (Figs. 5–7). Charts of
the dynamic changes in waste disposal
through appropriate microorganisms show
that this process is more intensive in the
beet waste.
It was found that the greatest destructive
activity against apple and grape waste
was shown by the strain T. hamatum, for
beet waste – P. roseopurpureum (Table 1).
The lowest activity was recorded for the
strain T. koningii with apple waste, for the
association of strains of P. roseopurpureum
+ T. hamatum + Cytophaga sp. – with
grape waste, and for T. hamatum strain –
with beet waste. In general, the strains of
microorganisms involved in the experiment
showed a positive result in terms of their
transformation of plant residues during the
30-day observation period. The performed
research and analysis of the obtained data
indicate the possibility and prospects of
using T. hamatum strains, P. roseopurpureum,
A. alternata, and Cytophaga sp. for utilization
of vegetable waste.
Control ControlTrichoderma hamatum Trichoderma koningii
Control ControlPenicillium roseopurpureum P. roseopurpureum +
T. hamatum + Сytophaga sp.
Control Alternaria alternata
Figure 4. The state of beet waste on the 30th day
of the experiment.
Plant Introduction • 87/88 9
Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization
Figure 5. The dynamics of apple waste transformation under the influence of microorganisms.
Figure 6. The dynamics of grape waste transformation under the influence of microorganisms.
Figure 7. The dynamics of beet waste transformation under the influence of microorganisms.
10 Plant Introduction • 87/88
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Pavliuchenko, O. Slyusarenko, L. Tian et al.
At the next stage of the study, waste
enriched with analcime was analyzed to
determine the most optimal options that
would positively affect plant development
(Figs. 8–13).
During experiments with microbiological
fermentation of plant mass, we noticed that
different waste is marked by the species
specificity of microorganisms that colonize
them, characterized by a stimulating effect
on plant development. Species selectivity of
microorganisms influencing plant growth
processes was revealed for the first time. The
greatest stimulation of maize development
was observed in the variants with apple waste
in the presence of the micromycete T. koningii
during application in the amount of 200 mg
per 200 g of the substrate (Figs. 8 & 9). Slightly
worse results were obtained in variants with
the strain T. hamatum. A similar pattern
was also observed regarding grape waste
(Figs. 10 & 11). The maximum increase of maize
was recorded in variants with the strains of
T. hamatum. The second most positive option
using grape waste was with application of
P. roseopurpureum. Regarding beet waste, the
best option was with the association of strains
of microorganisms (Figs. 12 & 13).
A similar dependence was obtained for
ornamental plants of both closed and open
ground, particularly thuja, asparagus, and
muraya (Fig. 14). The application of plant waste
inoculated with microorganisms in the soil
substrate in the amount of 10 % of the mixture’s
total volume contributed to the activation
of growth processes of experimental plant
species on average 1.5–2.3 times.
Discovered patterns regarding the species
specificity of microorganisms involved in the
destruction of plant waste can be associated
with the active interaction of microorganisms
and higher plants through the synthesis of
hormones. However, it should be noted that
phytohormones accumulate in plants in excess
due to the existence of feedback mechanisms
that limit their synthesis. In the culture of
microorganisms, phytohormones that are
synthesized, in contrast to plants, remain in
free form and undergo active transformations.
Perhaps the stimulating effects of plant waste
inoculated with certain microorganisms on
plant development are due to the microbiota’s
intensive synthesis of hormones. However, this
assumption needs further study in detail. The
dependence that we have established may also
be related to the specific content of macro-
and microelements in plant waste. Therefore,
the next stage of our work was to study the
content of nutrients in fruit and vegetable
waste.
The study of nutrient ecology is of
great importance now, as it is known that
in different soils, mineral compounds are
almost never contained in such quantities
and in such a balanced ratio that would be
optimal for plant growth and development
(El-Ramady et al., 2014). The latter always
compensate for stress factors due to nutrition
and subsequent physiological adaptation
changes to environmental conditions (Alshaal
et al., 2017; Hasanuzzaman et al., 2017; Naeem
et al., 2017). Soils, in turn, are characterized by
different content of nutrients that determine
the certain chemical composition of plants
(El-Ramady et al., 2014).
Analysis of the nutrient content in samples
of various plant wastes showed a high
potassium concentration (Table 2).
Strains of microorganisms
Waste
Apple Grape Beet
Control 100.00 100.00 100.00
Trichoderma hamatum 53.82 41.53 44.60
Trichoderma koningii 28.10 39.09 48.90
Penicillium roseopurpureum 35.27 18.50 57.50
P. roseopurpureum + T. hamatum + Cytophaga sp. 36.60 9.10 45.20
Alternaria alternata 32.57 27.40 49.90
Table 1. The destructive activity of microorganisms during 30 days while using them for waste disposal
according to weight criteria, % to control.
Plant Introduction • 87/88 11
Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization
Figure 8. The influence of modified apple waste on growth processes of corn shoots, cm.
Figure 9. The influence of modified apple waste on biomass accumulation by corn shoots, g.
Taking this into account, there is a question
regarding the determination of this element
in the aqueous extract and the measurement
of its electrical conductivity to determine
the total content of soluble salts. The study
showed that the waste of potatoes and beets
are characterized by a high concentration of
potassium and can be a basis for creating a
mixture that will provide high resistance to
drought (Table 3).
In turn, grape waste should be used to
stimulate photosynthesis due to its high
iron content, while pear and zucchini
waste are acceptable for stimulating plants’
growth processes due to high nitrogen
concentration. All other waste can serve as a
basis for developing mixtures to improve the
agrophysical and biological state of the soil
ecosystem (Table 2).
Our comparative analysis of the macro- and
microelements content in the soil substrate
after three months of growing ornamental
plants revealed significant differences in
their distribution depending on the original
12 Plant Introduction • 87/88
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Pavliuchenko, O. Slyusarenko, L. Tian et al.
Figure 10. The influence of modified grape waste on growth processes of corn shoots, cm.
Figure 11. The influence of modified grape waste on biomass accumulation by corn shoots, g.
plant raw materials and species composition
of microorganisms. Thus, a new finding from
our study was that the application of apple
waste to our soil substrates, inoculated with
the strain of T. koningii was characterized
by a significantly higher concentration of
magnesium compared to other variants of the
experiment (Fig. 15).
A similar pattern was observed regarding
beet waste options, in particular, the increase
in magnesium content in the soil substrate
with the application of waste inoculated with
a mixture of micromycetes and bacteria.
Examination of grape waste showed that
T. hamatum contributes to the accumulation
of calcium in the soil.
Plant Introduction • 87/88 13
Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization
Figure 12. The influence of modified beet waste on growth processes of corn shoots, cm.
Figure 13. The influence of modified beet waste on biomass accumulation by corn shoots, g.
It is noteworthy that ammonia and nitrate
nitrogen in the soil substrate in the variants
with grape waste inoculated by spores of
Р. roseopurpureum increased (Fig. 16).
The decrease in the concentration of
all other nutrients in the soil, especially
manganese, of the experimental variants
indicates the intensive absorption of nutrients
by the experimental plants, which positively
affected their development. In turn, a decrease
in manganese content indicates a decrease in
its phytotoxicity (Figs. 17 & 18).
The optimization of redox processes in
the soil with the application of plant residues
is evidenced by the indicators of ORP. The
evaluation of the soil’s biochemical state (ORP
values, being closely related to the conversion
of organic matter) helped us understand that
the variants with plant waste inoculated with
microorganisms had significantly higher ORP
values than the control (Fig. 19).
Meanwhile, the nature of the redox
process in the control variants has more
intense reduction reactions, unlike the
experiment’s variants. Reducing the activity
of reduction processes and increasing the
oxidation processes in the substrate with the
application of plant waste inoculated with
microorganisms positively affect the nutrient
regime and soil fertility (Fig. 20). The obtained
14 Plant Introduction • 87/88
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Pavliuchenko, O. Slyusarenko, L. Tian et al.
Elements NH4
+ NO3
- P K Ca Mg Fe S Mn
Orange 142.3 0.9 82.0 3273.3 1166.2 508.0 125.0 99.7 4.2
Onion 100.8 4.7 109.3 1660.0 999.6 508.0 2.8 61.4 4.7
Carrot 352.1 4.2 56.1 2164.2 1166.2 304.8 11.1 375.2 49.8
Cabbage 106.4 3.9 111.3 2257.2 4331.6 203.2 0.7 224.8 4.1
Beet 164.3 0.8 108.6 4291.2 5164.6 711.2 0.9 502.3 3.9
Potato 142.5 1.1 112.5 3031.5 8829.8 609.6 0.5 397.5 32.1
Red tomato 159.7 0.7 107.3 2529.0 999.6 304.8 1.1 126.1 39.8
Pink tomato 121.3 1.8 55.2 2529.0 999.6 304.8 1.9 122.7 51.3
Zucchini 84.5 5.7 105.8 2490.3 666.4 406.4 0.4 87.5 62.7
Cucumber 99.6 0.9 273.5 2630.7 999.6 21.9 0.3 225.0 91.8
Pumpkin 32.8 1.3 83.6 2406.6 999.6 609.6 0.7 129.4 4.2
Pear 356.4 1.4 56.1 1371.6 1332.8 711.2 0.5 63.4 99.4
Apple 211.5 3.6 83.2 1818.9 2499.0 1219.2 0.1 452.7 58.3
Grape 214.3 7.5 81.9 2182.5 999.6 101.6 251.6 149.3 0.9
Table 2. The content of nutrients (1M HCl) in plant waste, mg/l.
Note. n = 5, P < 0.05.
Waste K, mg/l ЕС, mSm/cm
Orange 552.7 1.7
Onion 472.2 1.5
Carrot 544.1 3.4
Cabbage 592.0 2.1
Beet 1044.5 4.2
Potato 1032.9 3.4
Red tomato 576.4 2.1
Pink tomato 632.3 1.9
Zucchini 608.2 2.1
Cucumber 624.8 2.4
Pumpkin 568.7 1.9
Pear 432.5 1.2
Apple 448.0 1.3
Grape 636.9 1.8
Table 3. Potassium content (mg/l) and electrical
conductivity (mSm) of the aqueous solution of plant
waste.
Note. n = 5, P < 0.05.
dependence indicates a decrease in the level
of mobile organic matter in the soil and its
rapid transformation into stable forms with
subsequent humus formation.
Among non-specific organic compounds,
phenols occupy an essential place, the
physiological role of which depends on their
accumulation in the soil (Pospisil et al., 1981).
The high concentrations of mobile phenolic
compounds can disrupt plant nutrition and,
ultimately, reduce its productivity. Phenols
are precursors of humic substances and can,
at the same time at certain stages of their
transformations, perform an allelopathic
function, i.e., cause soil fatigue, inhibit plant
growth and development as well as affect the
rate of ion absorption (Blum, 2004; Li et al.,
2010). The level of labile phenolic compounds
in the soil is determined by the rate of
release from plant residues, involvement in
the synthesis of high molecular weight humic
substances, and the production of certain
groups of microorganisms (Blum, 2004; Li
et al., 2010). Phenolic compounds, primarily
phenolic acids, are formed due to enzymatic
hydrolysis of lignin by soil microorganisms,
and determine the degree of humification (Li
et al., 2010).
In connection with the above mentioned,
the content of phenolic compounds in the soil
Plant Introduction • 87/88 15
Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization
B
C
A
Figure 14. Condition of thuja (A), muraya (B), and asparagus (C) plants after the introduction of plant waste
inoculated with microorganisms into the soil substrate. Apple waste: 1 – control, 2 – Trichoderma koningii
(dry waste), 3 – T. koningii (wet waste). Grape waste: 4 – control, 5 – T. hamatum. Beet waste: 6 – control,
7 – mixture of Penicillium roseopurpureum + T. hamatum + Cytophaga sp.
16 Plant Introduction • 87/88
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Pavliuchenko, O. Slyusarenko, L. Tian et al.
Figure 15. The content of nutrients in the soil substrate when plant waste inoculated with microorganisms,
mg/l of soil is applied. Apple waste: 1 – control, 2 – Trichoderma koningii. Grape waste: 3 – control,
4 – T. hamatum. Beet waste: 5 – control, 6 – a mixture of Penicillium roseopurpureum + T. hamatum +
Cytophaga sp.
Figure 16. Nitrogen content in the soil substrate when grape waste inoculated with spores of micromycetes,
mg/l of soil is applied: 1 – control, 2 – Trichoderma hamatum, 3 – Penicillium roseopurpureum.
Figure 17. The content of mineral nutrients in the soil substrate when plant waste inoculated with
microorganisms, mg/l of soil is applied. Apple waste: 1 – control, 2 – Trichoderma koningii. Grape waste:
3 – control, 4 – T. hamatum. Beet waste: 5 – control, 6 – mixture of Penicillium roseopurpureum + T. hamatum
+ Cytophaga sp.
Plant Introduction • 87/88 17
Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization
Figure 18. Phytotoxicity of soil substrate with the application of plant waste inoculated with microorganisms,
% to control (the growth of watercress roots). Apple waste: 1 – control, 2 – Trichoderma koningii. Grape
waste: 3 – control, 4 – T. hamatum. Beet waste: 5 – control, 6 – mixture of Penicillium roseopurpureum +
Trichoderma hamatum + Cytophaga sp.
Figure 19. The redox potential of soil substrate (ORP) with the application of plant waste inoculated
with microorganisms, mV. Apple waste: 1 – control, 2 – Trichoderma koningii. Grape waste: 3 – control,
4 – T. hamatum. Beet waste: 5 – control, 6 – mixture of Penicillium roseopurpureum + T. hamatum + Cytophaga sp.
Figure 20. The content of labile organic matter (C) in the soil substrate with the application of plant waste
inoculated with microorganisms, %. Apple waste: 1 – control, 2 – Trichoderma koningii. Grape waste: 3 –
control, 4 – T. hamatum. Beet waste: 5 – control, 6 – mixture of Penicillium roseopurpureum + T. hamatum +
Cytophaga sp.
18 Plant Introduction • 87/88
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Pavliuchenko, O. Slyusarenko, L. Tian et al.
substrate was determined by microbiological
transformation of plant waste. It was found
that the concentration of phenols in the soil
in the presence of waste inoculated with
microorganisms decreased (Fig. 21).
Obviously, the utilization of waste by
microorganisms is a relatively rapid process
due to mobile phenolic compounds being
involved in humification processes.
The obtained results are consistent with
the data on phytotoxicity and prove the
feasibility of using plant residues inoculated
with microorganisms without negative
consequences for the environment but
with a positive effect on the nutrient and
redox regime of the soil. The analysis of the
influence of destructive microorganisms on
the transformation of plant waste revealed
the inhibitory effect of selected strains
of micromycetes and bacteria on the soil
substrate’s phytotoxicity.
Conclusions
Based on our studies’ data, we propose
a unique technology of utilization
that consists of specialized strains of
microorganisms and suspensions of
bacterial cells, immobilized on the crushed
silicon-containing mineral analcime. The
mineral prepared using our methodology
was mixed with vegetable waste in a ratio
of 1 : 10. The most significant destructive
activity against apple and grape waste
was shown by the strain of Trichoderma
hamatum, for beet waste – Penicillium
roseopurpureum. The lowest activity was
recorded for the strain of T. koningii in the
variant with apple waste; for the association
of strains of P. roseopurpureum + T. hamatum
+ Cytophaga sp. – with grape waste; and for
T. hamatum strain – with beet waste.
We showed the species-specificity of
microorganisms regarding the destruction
of plant remains and stimulating plant
development effects during their application.
It was found that the optimal time for the
transformation of plant waste using the
proposed technology is 20–30 days. In indoor
farming conditions for the preparation of
soil substrates, the application norm of the
modified vegetable waste is 10 % of the total
volume of the mixture.
We proved the environmental safety in
the use of plant waste after destruction by
microorganisms immobilized on analcime.
The presence of silicon-containing mineral
analcime in plant waste has a positive effect
on plant development by increasing plant
resistance to stress factors and improving
the state of the soil ecosystem. In particular,
silicon-containing mineral analcime reduced
soil fatigue and toxicity, optimizing the soil’s
agrochemical, agrophysical, and biological
characteristics. It has been found out that
the use of plant waste inoculated with
microorganisms increases soil fertility.
The presence of analcime in plant
waste, on which the spores of Trichoderma
are immobilized, improves soil moisture
conservation. Hence, silicon-containing
Figure 21. The content of phenolic compounds in the soil substrate with the application of plant waste
inoculated with microorganisms, mg/kg. Apple waste: 1 – control, 2 – Trichoderma koningii. Grape waste:
3 – control, 4 – Trichoderma hamatum. Beet waste: 5 – control, 6 – mixture of Penicillium roseopurpureum +
Trichoderma hamatum + Cytophaga sp.
Plant Introduction • 87/88 19
Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization
mineral analcime provided with mineral
nutrients has a strong positive effect on plant
growth and development.
References
Alshaal, T., El-Ramady, H., Al-Saeedi, A. H.,
Shalaby, T., Elsakhawy, T., Omara, A. E.-D.,
Gad, A., Hamad, E., El-Ghambry, A., Mosa, A.,
Amer, M., & Abdalla, N. (2017). The rhizosphere
and plant nutrition under climate change. In
M. Naeem, A. Ansari, & S. Gill (Eds.), Essential plant
nutrients (pp. 275–308). Cham: Springer. https://
doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58841-4_11
Angulo, J., Mahecha, L., Yepes, S. A., Yepes, A. M.,
Bustamante, G., Jaramillo, H., Valencia, E.,
Villamil, T., & Gallo, J. (2012). Quantitative
and nutritional characterization of fruit and
vegetable waste from marketplace: A potential
use as bovine feedstuff? Journal of Environmental
Management, 95, 203–209. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.022
Atlas, R. M. (2005). Handbook of media for
environmental microbiology. 2nd ed. Boca Raton:
CRC Press.
Baiano, A. (2014). Recovery of biomolecules from food
wastes – a review. Molecules, 19(9), 14821–14842.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190914821
Blum, U. (2004). Fate of phenolic allelochemicals
in soils – the role of soil and rhizosphere
microorganisms. In F. A. Macias (Ed.), Allelopathy:
Chemistry and mode of action of allelochemicals
(pp. 57–76). CRC Press.
Du, H., & Li, F. (2016). Size effects of potato waste on
its treatment by microbial fuel cell. Environmental
Technology, 37(10), 1305–1313. https://doi.org/10
.1080/09593330.2015.1114027
El-Ramady, H. R., Alshaal, T. A., Amer, M., Domokos-
Szabolcsy, É., Elhawat, N., Prokisch, J., & Fári, M.
(2014). Soil quality and plant nutrition. In H.
Ozier-Lafontaine, & M. Lesueur-Jannoyer (Eds.),
Sustainable agriculture reviews. Vol. 14: Agroecology
and global change (pp. 345–447). Cham: Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06016-3_11
Fiedler, S., Vepraskas, M. J., & Richardson, J. L.
(2007). Soil redox potential: Importance, field
measurements and observations. Advances in
Agronomy, 94, 1–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0065-2113(06)94001-2
Fisgativa, H., Tremier, A., Le Roux, S., Bureau, C., &
Dabert, P. (2017). Understanding the anaerobic
biodegradability of food waste: Relationship
between the typological, biochemical and
microbial characteristics. Journal of Environmental
Management, 188, 95–107. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.058
Gavrilov, V. O., Zaimenko, N. V., & Slyusarenko, O. M.
(2013). Penicillium roseopurpureum mushroom
strain – culvularin producer. Patent for the
invention UA № 100804, Bul. N 2. (In Ukrainian)
Grodzinskij, A. M., Gorobec, S. A., & Krupa, L. I.
(1988). Guidance on the application of biochemical
methods in allelopathic studies of soil. Kyiv.
(In Russian)
Grodzinskij, A. M., Kostroma, E. J., Shrol, T. S., &
Hohlova, I. G. (1990). Direct bioassay methods
of soil and microorganisms metabolites. In
Allelopathy and plant productivity: Collection of
scientific papers (pp. 121–124). Kyiv: Naukova
Dumka. (In Russian)
Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Rahman, A.,
Mahmud, J. A., Hossain, M. S., Alam, M. K.,
Oku, H., & Fujita, M. (2017). Actions of biological
trace elements in plant abiotic sress tolerance.
In M. Naeem, A. Ansari, & S. Gill (Eds.), Essential
plant nutrients (pp. 213–274). Cham: Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58841-4_10
Hernon, F., Forbes, C., & Colleran, E. (2006).
Identification of mesophilic and thermophilic
fermentative species in anaerobic granular
sludge. Journal of the International Association
on Water Pollution Research: Water Science and
Technology, 54(2), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.2166/
wst.2006.481
Labuda, S. Z., & Vetchinnikov, A. A. (2011). Soil
susceptibility on reduction as an index of soil
properties applied in the investigation upon soil
devastation. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering
S, 18(3), 333–344.
Laufenberg, G., Kunz, B., & Nystroem, M. (2003).
Transformation of vegetable waste into value
added products: (A) the upgrading concept; (B)
practical implementations. Bioresource Technology,
87(2), 167–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-
8524(02)00167-0
Li, Z.-H., Wang, Q., Ruan, X., Pan, C.-D., & Jiang, D.-
A. (2010). Phenolics and plant allelopathy.
Molecules, 15(12), 8933–8952. https://doi.
org/10.3390/molecules15128933
Lu, W. J., Wang, H. T., Yang, S. J., Wang, Z. C., & Nie, Y. F.
(2005). Isolation and characterization of mesophilic
cellulose-degrading bacteria from flower stalks-
vegetable waste co-composting system. Journal
of General and Applied Microbiology, 51(6), 353–360.
https://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.51.353
Lu, W., Hesham, A. E., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., & Yang M.
(2011). Impacts of cell surface characteristics
on population dynamics in a sequencing
batch yeast reactor treating vegetable oil-
containing wastewater. Applied Microbiology and
Biotechnology, 90(5), 1785–1793. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s00253-011-3206-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58841-4_11
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58841-4_11
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.022
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.022
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190914821
https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2015.1114027
https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2015.1114027
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06016-3_11
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(06)94001-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(06)94001-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.058
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.058
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58841-4_10
https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.481
https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.481
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00167-0
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00167-0
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15128933
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15128933
https://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.51.353
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3206-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3206-6
20 Plant Introduction • 87/88
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Pavliuchenko, O. Slyusarenko, L. Tian et al.
Сучасна біотехнологія в оптимізації утилізації рослинних відходів
Наталія Заіменко 1, *, Богдана Іваницька 1, Наталія Павлюченко 1, Oлександр Слюсаренко 2, Ліцзюань
Тянь 3, Tяньлінь Mяо 3, Децзян Лю 3, Mирон Пизик 4, Ян Сласкі 5
1 Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Тимірязєвська, 1, Київ, 01014,
Україна; *zaimenkonv@ukr.net
2 Ботанічний сад Одеського національного університету імені І.І. Мечникова, Французький бульвар,
48/50, Одеса, 65058, Україна
3 Китайсько-Українська міжнародна спільна лабораторія з розробки та застосування технології для
сільського й лісового господарства, Цзямуський університет, Цзямуси, 154007, Китай
4 Об’єднаний інститут сучасних технологій, Едмонтон, Альберта, T5N 3C1, Канада
5 Відділ біопромислових послуг, Інно Тех Альберта, Вегревіль, Альберта, T9C 1T4, Канада
Метою дослідження було розробити сучасну, дешеву та екологічно безпечну технологію утилізації
рослинних відходів за допомогою найактивніших мікроорганізмів-деструкторів.
Було ретельно вивчено здатність мікроорганізмів перетворювати рослинні відходи на родючий
ґрунт. Було відібрано штами мікроміцетів Penicillium roseopurpureum, Trichoderma hamatum, T. koningii,
Motta, F. L., & Santana, M. H. (2013). Production of
humic acids from oil palm empty fruit bunch by
submerged fermentation with Trichoderma viride:
Cellulosic substrates and nitrogen sources.
Biotechnology Progress, 29(3), 631–637. https://
doi.org/10.1002/btpr.1715
Naeem, M., Ansari, A., Gill, S. S., Afrab, T., Idress, M.,
Ali, A., & Khan, M. M. A. (2017). Regulatory role
of mineral nutrients in nurturing of medicinal
legumes under salt sress. In M. Naeem,
A. Ansari, & S. Gill (Eds.), Essential plant nutrients
(pp. 309–334). Cham: Springer. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-3-319-58841-4_12
Naseer, R., Sultana, B., Khan, M. Z., Naseer, D.,
& Nigam, P. (2014). Utilization of waste fruit-
peels to inhibit aflatoxins synthesis by Aspergillus
flavus: A biotreatment of rice for safer storage.
Bioresource Technology, 172, 423–428. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.017
Pandit, P. D., Gulhane, M. K., Khardenavis, A. A.,
& Purohit, H. J. (2016). Mining of hemicellulose
and lignin degrading genes from differentially
enriched methane producing microbial
community. Bioresource Technology, 216, 923–930.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.021
Pospisil, F., Cvikrova, M., Hrubcova, M., &
Sindelarova, M. (1981). Soluble phenolic and
humic substances in the soil and their effect on
metabolism in plants. In V. I. Kefeli (Ed.), Plant
growth and differentiation (pp. 150–161). Moscow:
Nauka. (In Russian)
Powlson, D. S., Riche, A. B., Coleman, K.,
Glendining, M. J., & Whitmore, A. P. (2008).
Carbon sequestration in European soils
through straw incorporation: Limitations and
alternatives. Waste Management, 28(4), 741–746.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.09.024
Rinkis, G. J., & Nollendorf, V. F. (1982). Balanced
nutrition of plants with macro- and microelements.
Riga: Zinatne. (In Russian)
Ros, M., Franke-Whittle, I. H., Morales, A. B.,
Insam, H., Ayuso, M., & Pascual, J. A. (2013).
Archaeal community dynamics and abiotic
characteristics in a mesophilic anaerobic
co-digestion process treating fruit and
vegetable processing waste sludge with
chopped fresh artichoke waste. Bioresource
Technology, 136, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2013.02.058
Ryckeboer, J., Mergaert, J., Coosemans, J.,
Deprins, K., & Swings, J. (2003). Microbiological
aspects of biowaste during composting in
a monitored compost bin. Journal of Applied
Microbiology, 94(1), 127–137. https://doi.
org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01800.x
Sathishkumar, P., Murugesan, K., & Palvannan, T.
(2010). Production of laccase from Pleurotus
florida using agro-wastes and efficient
decolorization of Reactive blue 198. Journal
Basic Microbiology, 50(4), 360–367. https://doi.
org/10.1002/jobm.200900407
https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.1715
https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.1715
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58841-4_12
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58841-4_12
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.017
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.017
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.09.024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.058
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.058
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01800.x
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01800.x
https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.200900407
https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.200900407
Plant Introduction • 87/88 21
Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization
Alternaria alternata та бактерії роду Cytophaga, які характеризуються високою швидкістю росту
та відсутністю фітотоксичності. Для прискорення швидкості розвитку мікроорганізмів було
використано кремнійвмісний мінерал анальцим, який містив іммобілізовані спори мікроміцетів і
суспензію бактеріальних клітин. Модифікований анальцим додавали до відходів у співвідношенні
10 : 1. Підготовлені за цим методом рослинні рештки аналізували в умовах як модельних, так і
вегетаційних експериментів.
Було продемонстровано доцільність використання кремнійвмісного мінералу анальциму як
вихідного субстрату для іммобілізації спор і суспензії бактеріальних клітин у культуральній рідині.
Мікроорганізми застосовані в експерименті, показали позитивний результат під час трансформації
рослинних відходів протягом 30-денного періоду спостереження. Найвища деструктивна активність
щодо відходів яблуні та винограду характерна для штаму T. hamatum, а щодо бурякових відходів
– для P. roseopurpureum. Було встановлено видову специфіку цих мікроорганізмів-деструкторів у
процесах росту рослин. Максимальний приріст кукурудзяних паростків у яблучних відходах було
виявлено у разі інокуляції спорами T. koningii, у виноградних відходах – T. hamatum, а у бурякових
відходах – сумішшю мікроміцетів із суспензією Cytophaga sp. Оптимальна тривалість трансформації
рослинних відходів за допомогою анальциму, інокульованого мікроорганізмами, становила 20–30
днів. В умовах закритого ґрунту стандарт утилізації модифікованих рослинних відходів становив
10 % від загального обсягу субстрату під час приготування ґрунтових сумішей.
У результаті виконаних досліджень підтверджено екологічну безпеку рослинних відходів після
їхньої деструкції. Наявність у суміші кремнійвмісного мінералу сприяє посиленню росту та розвитку
рослин, оптимізації агрофізичних, агрохімічних та біологічних параметрів ґрунту, зменшенню
ґрунтовтоми, а також підвищенню родючості.
Ключові слова: рослинні відходи, мікроорганізми-деструктори, кремнійвмісні мінерали, ґрунтова екосистема
|
| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1565 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/f9/754ba61774cd8006dd2b038be8f650f9.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-15652023-08-26T20:39:33Z Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization Сучасна біотехнологія в оптимізації утилізації рослинних відходів Zaimenko, Nataliia Ivanytska, Bohdana Pavliuchenko, Nataliia Slyusarenko, Olexandr Tian, Lijuan Miao, Tianlin Liu, Dejiang Pyzyk, Myron Slaski, Jan The study aimed to develop a modern, cheap, and environmentally safe technology for the disposal of plant waste, with the participation of the most active microorganisms-destructors.The microorganisms’ ability to help transform plant waste into viable, fertile soil was extensively studied. We selected strains of micromycetes Penicillium roseopurpureum, Trichoderma hamatum, T. koningii, Alternaria alternata, and bacteria of the genus Cytophaga, which are characterized by high growth rate and the absence of phytotoxicity. To accelerate microorganism development, we used silicon-containing mineral analcime, which contained immobilized spores of micromycetes and bacterial cells’ suspensions. Modified analcime was added to the waste in a ratio of 10 : 1. The plant remains prepared in this method were analyzed under conditions of both model and vegetation experiments.An evidence for the expediency of using the silicon-containing mineral analcime as a starting substrate for immobilization of spores and suspension of bacterial cells in the culture fluid was provided. The microorganisms involved in the experiment showed a positive result in transforming plant waste during the 30-day observation period. The highest destructive activity against apple and grape waste is characteristic for the T. hamatum strain, for beet waste – P. roseopurpureum. The species-specificity of these destructive microorganisms on plant growth processes was proved. The maximum growth of corn sprouts in apple waste was detected by inoculation with T. koningii spores, grape waste – T.&nbsp;hamatum, and beet waste – a mixture of micromycetes with a Cytophaga&nbsp;sp. suspension. The optimal duration of plant waste transformation using analcime, inoculated with microorganisms, is 20–30 days. In the indoor farming conditions, the standard for utilizing the modified vegetable waste placement was 10 % of the total volume of a substrate during the preparation of soil mixes.The environmental safety of plant waste after their destruction was confirmed. The presence of a silicon-containing mineral in the mixture leads to increased growth and plant development, optimization of the agrophysical, agrochemical, and biological parameters of the soil, reducing soil fatigue, and increasing fertility. Метою дослідження було розробити сучасну, дешеву та екологічно безпечну технологію утилізації рослинних відходів за допомогою найактивніших мікроорганізмів-деструкторів.Було ретельно вивчено здатність мікроорганізмів перетворювати рослинні відходи на родючий ґрунт. Було відібрано штами мікроміцетів Penicillium roseopurpureum, Trichoderma hamatum, T.&nbsp;koningii, Alternaria alternata та бактерії роду Cytophaga, які характеризуються високою швидкістю росту та відсутністю фітотоксичності. Для прискорення швидкості розвитку мікроорганізмів було використано кремнійвмісний мінерал анальцим, який містив іммобілізовані спори мікроміцетів і суспензію бактеріальних клітин. Модифікований анальцим додавали до відходів у співвідношенні 10 : 1. Підготовлені за цим методом рослинні рештки аналізували в умовах як модельних, так і вегетаційних експериментів.Було продемонстровано доцільність використання кремнійвмісного мінералу анальциму як вихідного субстрату для іммобілізації спор і суспензії бактеріальних клітин у культуральній рідині. Мікроорганізми застосовані в експерименті, показали позитивний результат під час трансформації рослинних відходів протягом 30-денного періоду спостереження. Найвища деструктивна активність щодо відходів яблуні та винограду характерна для штаму T. hamatum, а щодо бурякових відходів – для P. roseopurpureum. Було встановлено видову специфіку цих мікроорганізмів-деструкторів у процесах росту рослин. Максимальний приріст кукурудзяних паростків у яблучних відходах було виявлено у разі інокуляції спорами T. koningii, у виноградних відходах – T. hamatum, а у бурякових відходах – сумішшю мікроміцетів із суспензією Cytophaga sp. Оптимальна тривалість трансформації рослинних відходів за допомогою анальциму, інокульованого мікроорганізмами, становила 20–30 днів. В умовах закритого ґрунту стандарт утилізації модифікованих рослинних відходів становив 10 % від загального обсягу субстрату під час приготування ґрунтових сумішей.У результаті виконаних досліджень підтверджено екологічну безпеку рослинних відходів після їхньої деструкції. Наявність у суміші кремнійвмісного мінералу сприяє посиленню росту та розвитку рослин, оптимізації агрофізичних, агрохімічних та біологічних параметрів ґрунту, зменшенню ґрунтовтоми, а також підвищенню родючості. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2020-12-30 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1565 10.46341/PI2020020 Plant Introduction; No 87/88 (2020); 3-21 Інтродукція Рослин; № 87/88 (2020); 3-21 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI87-88 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1565/1494 Copyright (c) 2020 Nataliia Zaimenko, Bohdana Ivanytska, Nataliia Pavliuchenko, Olexandr Slyusarenko, Lijuan Tian, Tianlin Miao, Dejiang Liu, Myron Pyzyk, Jan Slaski http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Zaimenko, Nataliia Ivanytska, Bohdana Pavliuchenko, Nataliia Slyusarenko, Olexandr Tian, Lijuan Miao, Tianlin Liu, Dejiang Pyzyk, Myron Slaski, Jan Сучасна біотехнологія в оптимізації утилізації рослинних відходів |
| title | Сучасна біотехнологія в оптимізації утилізації рослинних відходів |
| title_alt | Modern biotechnology in optimizing plant waste utilization |
| title_full | Сучасна біотехнологія в оптимізації утилізації рослинних відходів |
| title_fullStr | Сучасна біотехнологія в оптимізації утилізації рослинних відходів |
| title_full_unstemmed | Сучасна біотехнологія в оптимізації утилізації рослинних відходів |
| title_short | Сучасна біотехнологія в оптимізації утилізації рослинних відходів |
| title_sort | сучасна біотехнологія в оптимізації утилізації рослинних відходів |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1565 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zaimenkonataliia modernbiotechnologyinoptimizingplantwasteutilization AT ivanytskabohdana modernbiotechnologyinoptimizingplantwasteutilization AT pavliuchenkonataliia modernbiotechnologyinoptimizingplantwasteutilization AT slyusarenkoolexandr modernbiotechnologyinoptimizingplantwasteutilization AT tianlijuan modernbiotechnologyinoptimizingplantwasteutilization AT miaotianlin modernbiotechnologyinoptimizingplantwasteutilization AT liudejiang modernbiotechnologyinoptimizingplantwasteutilization AT pyzykmyron modernbiotechnologyinoptimizingplantwasteutilization AT slaskijan modernbiotechnologyinoptimizingplantwasteutilization AT zaimenkonataliia sučasnabíotehnologíâvoptimízacííutilízacííroslinnihvídhodív AT ivanytskabohdana sučasnabíotehnologíâvoptimízacííutilízacííroslinnihvídhodív AT pavliuchenkonataliia sučasnabíotehnologíâvoptimízacííutilízacííroslinnihvídhodív AT slyusarenkoolexandr sučasnabíotehnologíâvoptimízacííutilízacííroslinnihvídhodív AT tianlijuan sučasnabíotehnologíâvoptimízacííutilízacííroslinnihvídhodív AT miaotianlin sučasnabíotehnologíâvoptimízacííutilízacííroslinnihvídhodív AT liudejiang sučasnabíotehnologíâvoptimízacííutilízacííroslinnihvídhodív AT pyzykmyron sučasnabíotehnologíâvoptimízacííutilízacííroslinnihvídhodív AT slaskijan sučasnabíotehnologíâvoptimízacííutilízacííroslinnihvídhodív |