Морфологічні особливості квітки видів роду Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae), інтродукованих в Україні
With the help of light and scanning electron microscopy, the features of inflorescences and flowers of six species of the genus Symphoricarpos introduced to Ukraine were studied, and the peculiarities of their structure were specified. Morphological peculiarities of the calyx, corolla, stamens, and...
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| Дата: | 2020 |
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2020
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Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860145100824248320 |
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| author | Bulakh, Olena |
| author_facet | Bulakh, Olena |
| author_sort | Bulakh, Olena |
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| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2023-08-26T20:39:33Z |
| description | With the help of light and scanning electron microscopy, the features of inflorescences and flowers of six species of the genus Symphoricarpos introduced to Ukraine were studied, and the peculiarities of their structure were specified. Morphological peculiarities of the calyx, corolla, stamens, and style, differentiating S. albus (including S. racemosus and S. rivularis), S. hesperius, S. mollis, S. occidentalis, S. orbiculatus, and S. oreophilus var. utahensis, were determined. The obtained data are important for identification of the species and taxonomy of the genus Symphoricarpos. In particular, the results of our study showed that flowers of S. racemosus, S. rivularis, and S. albus share common features and this supports their synonymy under the name S. albus. Other five Symphoricarpos species showed differences in their floral morphology.Among the important features for identification of Symphoricarpos species introduced to Ukraine, which were not mentioned in available literature sources we can list: the number of flowers in the inflorescence, features of pedicels, shape and features of bracts pubescence, shape of calyx teeth and their pubescence, presence or absence of corolla tube convexity, presence of ovoid projection of anther’s connective, and size of all the floral elements.Symphoricarpos oreophilus var. utahensis has unique features of floral morphology. Its single flowers located in the axis of the leaves on the pendent pubescent pedicels; the calyx is elongated, fusiform; the corolla is narrowly tubular, without a convex at the base; the stamens are shorter than the corolla tubule or rarely of the same length, with a clear ovoid projection on the apex. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2020030 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:50Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
Plant Introduction, 87/88, 22–31 (2020)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Morphological features of the flower of Symphoricarpos species
(Caprifoliaceae) introduced to Ukraine
Introduction
The genus Symphoricarpos Duhamel includes
9 to 15 species, and belongs to the family
Caprifoliaceae Juss. of the order Dipsacales
Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (Takhtajan,
1997, 2009). Today numerous molecular-
phylogenetic studies are actively performed
on different representatives of this order.
Thereafter, active discussion regarding the
evolution of the reproductive organs of
these representatives is ongoing (Bell et al.,
2001; Zhang et al., 2003; Theis et al., 2008).
Dipsacales demonstrates the number of
evolutionary changes that may be of interest
in understanding the morphology of flower
in general. The modern representatives of
this order have from five (the most common)
to three lobes of corolla, and the number
of stamens vary from one to ten (most often
there are five or four stamens per flower). The
ancestor of the recent Caprifoliaceae is still
unknown. Modern representatives of the family
have funnel-shaped or campanulate flowers
with four or five lobes, small calyx, four or five
Olena Bulakh
M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska str. 2, 01004 Kyiv, Ukraine;
anemone@ukr.net
Received: 02.10.2020 | Accepted: 12.12.2020 | Published: 30.12.2020
Abstract
With the help of light and scanning electron microscopy, the features of inflorescences and flowers of six
species of the genus Symphoricarpos introduced to Ukraine were studied, and the peculiarities of their
structure were specified. Morphological peculiarities of the calyx, corolla, stamens, and style, differentiating
S. albus (including S. racemosus and S. rivularis), S. hesperius, S. mollis, S. occidentalis, S. orbiculatus, and
S. oreophilus var. utahensis, were determined. The obtained data are important for identification of the
species and taxonomy of the genus Symphoricarpos. In particular, the results of our study showed that
flowers of S. racemosus, S. rivularis, and S. albus share common features and this supports their synonymy
under the name S. albus. Other five Symphoricarpos species showed differences in their floral morphology.
Among the important features for identification of Symphoricarpos species introduced to Ukraine, which
were not mentioned in available literature sources we can list: the number of flowers in the inflorescence,
features of pedicels, shape and features of bracts pubescence, shape of calyx teeth and their pubescence,
presence or absence of corolla tube convexity, presence of ovoid projection of anther’s connective, and
size of all the floral elements.
Symphoricarpos oreophilus var. utahensis has unique features of floral morphology. Its single flowers located
in the axis of the leaves on the pendent pubescent pedicels; the calyx is elongated, fusiform; the corolla is
narrowly tubular, without a convex at the base; the stamens are shorter than the corolla tubule or rarely
of the same length, with a clear ovoid projection on the apex.
Keywords: Symphoricarpos, morphology, inflorescence, flower, diagnostic features
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2020030
UDC 581.461/582.973
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-3750
Plant Introduction • 87/88 23
Floral morphology of Symphoricarpos species introduced to Ukraine
stamens, elongated style, and capitate or lobed
stigma. Probably before that, they were slightly
different, and had symmetrical flowers with
large calyxes, tubular corollas with five lobes
at the apex, five stamens, elongated styles,
and capitate stigmas. Among some species
of the genus Symphoricarpos, the reduction
to four lobes of the corolla and four stamens
happened. In general, five types of flower
shape were suggested for Caprifoliaceae, and
the genus Symphoricarpos has been classified
as those having radially symmetrical flowers
(Roels & Smets, 1996; Donoghue et al., 2003;
Zhang et al., 2003; Howarth & Donoghue,
2005; Hauser, 2007; Theis et al., 2008).
The genus Symphoricarpos includes shrubs
with multicolored fruits, and therefore
these plants are often used as ornamental.
The several species of this genus are widely
cultivated in botanical gardens and parks,
particularly in Ukraine. The natural area of
distribution of the genus spread from North
America to Mexico (Leroy & Stinchfield Ferris,
1960; Wood, 1965; Hitchcock & Cronquist,
1973; Evans, 1974; Moss, 1983; Welsh et al.,
1987, 1993; Kartesz, 1994; Gilbert, 1995;
McWilliams, 2000; Sell & Murrell, 2006). One
species is considered endemic to China (Yang
et al., 2011).
According to Mosyakin & Fedoronhuk
(1999), S. albus (L.) S.F. Blake (= S. racemosus
Michx. and S. rivularis Suksdorf.) is widespread
in Ukraine as an ornamental plant. While
S. occidentalis Hook. and S. orbiculatus Moench.
are rarely applied for landscaping in gardens
and parks of Ukraine (Barbarych, 1961). Some
other species of the genus (i.e., S. hesperius
G.N. Jones, S. mollis Nutt., S. oreophilus Gray)
were also introduced to Ukraine, and their
specimens are stored at the herbarium of the
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of
the NAS of Ukraine.
Due to the wide introduction of
Symphoricarpos in Ukraine, it is important to
study their morphological features in more
details, with special emphasis on the structure
of their reproductive organs and identify
taxonomic diagnostic features. However, the
literature provides little information on their
morphological features of inflorescence,
flower, and fruits of Symphoricarpos species,
which are represented in some local floras
(Leroy & Stinchfield Ferris, 1960; Barbarych,
1961; Welsh et al., 1987, 1993; Gilbert, 1995;
McWilliams, 2000; Sell & Murrell, 2006;
Yang, 2011).
Hence, we decided to clarify the features
of the flower of Symphoricarpos introduced
to Ukraine, and identify additional features,
which could be applied in the taxonomy of the
genus.
Material and methods
The material from the National Herbarium
of the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany
of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine (KW) and the Herbarium of the
M.M Gryshko National Botanical Garden of
the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
(KWHA) has been used. The citations are
provided accordingly to the original text of
the labels. The flowers of 18 specimens of six
Symphoricarpos species listed below were
investigated. Macromorphological features
were analyzed for all flowers present on the
herbarium voucher (in average 3–5 flowers
per voucher). For the micromorphological
analysis, from 1–2 (S. hesperius, S. mollis,
S. oreophilus) to 3–5 flowers were sampled
(S. albus, S. occidentalis, S. orbiculatus)
depending on the number of available
vouchers. Macromorphological features
of the flowers were studied using MBS-9
binocular microscope. Floral elements were
measured using AxioVision Rel. 4.8 software.
For scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JSM-
6060 LA) the specimens were fixed on the
brass table, then these samples were gold-
coated. The descriptions of floral elements
follows terminology of Fedorov & Artiushenko
(1975) and Zyman et al. (2004, 2011).
Samples examined
Symphoricarpos albus: 1. Chernihiv region, Ichnyansky
district, Trostyanets Dendrological Park, arboretum,
quarter 29, № 5716, planted in the spring of 1964,
9.VI.1975, Without author (KWHA); 2. Academy of Sciences
of the Ukrainian SSR, Dendrological park “Sofievka”,
Cherkasy region, Uman town, 25.IX.1970, Leg. Melnik V.D.,
Det. Tulupіy G.G. (KWHA); 3. Ukraine, Sumy Region, Sumy
city, Red Square, 4.VIII.1969, Litvinenko (KW); 4. Ukraine,
Khmelnytsky region, Netishin town, 8 Enerhetykiv str.,
V.2004, 090270, Hubar (KWHA); 5. Sumy region, Sumy
district, Kianyanitsa village, Kianyansky Arboretum,
16.VIII.1970, Litvinenko (KW); 6. Chernivtsi region,
Storozhynets district, Krasnoilsk village, farm [...], bushes
at the edge of the beech forest on the slope of Seretel
river, 20.VI.1947, Kosic (KW); 7. Herbarium Shevchenko
24 Plant Introduction • 87/88
O. Bulakh
Chernihiv Pedagogical Universitatus, Chernihiv (Ukraine),
Chernihiv city, CHPP Agrobiostation, Arboretum,
08.07.2010, Pototska O.S. (KWHA); 8. USSR, Kiev city,
CRBG Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, “System
of Higher Plants” section, 13.IX.1974, Leg. Smyk G.K.,
Det. Sarycheva Z.A. (KWHA); 9. USSR, Bila Tserkva city,
Alexandria Arboretum, Frumitsetum collection sector,
seedlings obtained from the nursery of the Alexandria
Arboretum in 1960, 19.VI.1969, Grysyuk (KWHA).
Symphoricarpos hesperius: 1. Herbarium of the
Trostyanets Dendrological Park, Academy of Sciences of
the Ukrainian SSR. Chernihiv region, Ichnyansky district,
Arboretum, quarter 29, № 1554, origin: Tashkent city,
1958, obtained under the name Symphoricarpos hesperius
G.N. Jones, 9.VI.1975 (KWHA).
Symphoricarpos mollis: 1. Herbarium of the Trostyanets
Dendrological Park, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian
SSR. Chernihiv region, Ichnyansky district, Arboretum,
quarter 29, № 1735, origin: Leningrad city, 1958, obtained
under the name Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt., 9.VI.1975
(KWHA).
Symphoricarpos occidentalis: 1. [Ukraine] Sumy region,
Sumy district, Verteyevka village, the park of agricultural
college, 18.IV.1970, Litvinenko (KW); 2. USSR, Poltava
region, Globinsky district, Ustimovka Dendropark,
building № 3, origin unknown, 14.06.1960, Chapinoga
(KWHA); 3. Herbarium of the Trostyanets Dendrological
Park, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR.
Chernihiv region, Ichnyansky district, Arboretum, quarter
29, Nr. 2838, the origin is city Voronezh, 1959, obtained
under the name Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,
9.VI.1975 (KWHA); 4. Herbarium of the Trostyanets
Dendrological Park, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian
SSR. Chernihiv region, Ichnyansky district, Arboretum,
quarter 29, № 366, the origin is city Dnipropetrovsk, 1958,
obtained under the name Symphoricarpos occidentalis
Hook., 9.VI.1975 (KWHA).
Symphoricarpos oreophilus var. utahensis: 1. Plant of
Nevada. Humboldt Co.: Pine Forest Range, Lonard Creek
drainage. Twp. 43 N., R. 29 E. Elevation about 7,000 feet.
Shrub growing in rocks of outcrop. Noel H. Holmgren,
James L. Reveal, 1229, July 1, 1964 (KW).
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus: 1. Herbarium of the
Trostyanets Dendrological Park, Academy of Sciences of
the Ukrainian SSR, Chernihiv region, Ichnyansky district,
Arboretum, quarter 43, № 2977, the origin is city Minsk,
1958, 17.VI.1975 (KWHA); 2. Academy of Sciences of the
USSR, Sofiyivka Dendropark, Cherkasy region, Uman
city, Sofiyivka, Grekov Yar, 8 VIII 1970, Leg. Melnik V.D.,
Det. Tulupiy G.G. (KWHA); 3. [Herbarium of Lugansk Taras
Shevchenko National Pedagogical University] Lugansk
city, ALNDS Dendropark, 24.06.2006, Philimonova
(KWHA).
Symphoricarpos racemosus: 1. Société Françaice,
1921. Exsicc. Ch. Duffour. Cóte-d’or: Flavigny. Plante
américaricaine cultivée et naturolisée. 20 juin 1921, 3791
G. Desplantes (KW); 2. [Russia] Voronezh province, Valuysky
district, gardens [Sl. Uralov], 18.VII.1915, Kotov (KW);
3. [Symphoricarpos racemosa Michx.] USSR, Zakarpattia
region, Uzhgorod, State Fruit Nursery, 22.VII.1947, ex.
Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR,
Det. Sokolovsky (KWHA); 4. [Symphoricarpos racemosa
Michx.] USSR, Zakarpattia region, Rakhiv, VII.1947, ex.
Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the
Ukrainian SSR, Det. Sokolovsky (KWHA).
Symphoricarpos rivularis: 1. [Herbarium of Luhansk
the Taras Shevchenko National Pedagogical University]
Luhansk city, territory of LNPU campus, 18.07.2006,
Philimonova (KWHA).
Results and discussion
Flowers of Symphoricarpos are actinomorphic,
symmetrical, and small (about 10 mm
long), with short ribbed pedicels (S. albus,
S. orbiculatus, S. racemosus, S. rivularis) or
pedicels without ribs (S. hesperius, S. mollis),
grouped in short racemes, located in the axils
of the upper leaves on the apical or lateral
branches. At the base of the ovary of each
flower of all studied species there are two
opposite, small (0.5–1.5 mm long), ovate or
triangular bracteoles, which are coalescent
at the base (in S. oreophilus var. utahensis
bracteoles are free), pubescent along the
edges, or glabrous (S. hesperius, S. mollis, and
S. occidentalis) (Tables 1 & 2).
The calyx is fused, subspherical (S. albus),
obovoid (S. hesperius, S. occidentalis), oval
(S. mollis, S. orbiculatus, S. racemosus,
S. rivularis), or fusiform (S. oreophilus var.
utahensis). On the apex of the calyx there are
(4–) 5 small (0.5–1.0 mm long), triangular or
ovoid teeth, which are glabrous (S. hesperius,
S. mollis, S. occidentalis, and S. racemosus),
or slightly pubescent at the edges (S albus,
S. oreophilus var. utahensis, S. rivularis).
S. orbiculatus also has a bundle of hairs at the
apex of the calyx teeth (Fig. 1; Tables 1 & 2).
The corolla is 5–8 mm long on average,
spine-lobed, with a straight campanulate tube
and a bend. The tube is convex at the base
on one side (crescentshape in S. hesperius),
glabrous outside, pubescent, with ribbon-
like hairs inside. The bend of the corolla of
the studied species is 3–6 mm in diameter
and divided into five oval (broadly oval) or
ovoid (narrowly ovoid) lobes. The apices of
the lobes are orbicular (S. hesperius, S. mollis,
S. orbiculatus), obtuse (S. albus, S. oreophilus
var. utahensis), or acute (S. racemosus,
S. rivularis) (Figs. 2 & 3; Tables 1 & 2).
There are (4–) 5 stamens with thin
filaments and ellipsoidal anthers attached to
the filaments in the middle; the length of the
anthers is 1.0–1.5 mm. The stamens in most
Plant Introduction • 87/88 25
Floral morphology of Symphoricarpos species introduced to Ukraine
B
D
A
C
Figure 1. Shape of the calyx (SEM): A – Symphoricarpos albus (subspherical); B – S. hesperius (obovoid);
C – S. orbiculatus (oval); D – S. oreophilus var. utahensis (spindle-shaped).
of the studied species are located in the tube
of corolla; they are mostly equal in length or
slightly longer than the corolla. However,
S. occidentalis have stamens longer than the
corolla, while the stamens of S. oreophilus
var. utahensis are shorter than the corolla.
We noted that the stamens of the studied
Symphoricarpos species have an ovoid
projection of the connective above the anthers;
the length of this projection is about 0.5 mm
(Fig. 4). The presence of such projections has
been recently reported for Linnaea borealis L.
(Tsymbaliuk et al., 2018).
The pistil has a thin style, which is
usually shorter than the corolla. However,
in S. occidentalis column is longer than the
corolla, and in S. racemosus it is equal to the
corolla. In all the investigated species, the
stigma is capitate, about 0.5 mm in diameter
(Tables 1 & 2).
The results of our study showed that
S. racemosus and S. rivularis, which are
considered phylogenetically close to S. albus
(Leroy & Stinchfield Ferris, 1960; Hitchcock
& Cronquist, 1973; Evans, 1974; Moss, 1983;
Gilbert, 1995; McWilliams, 2000) share many
common features of floral organization. This,
in particular, supports their synonymy under
the name S. albus (Gilbert, 1995).
Two close species (S. orbiculatus and
S. occidentalis) showed some differences
in their floral morphology. In particular,
S. orbiculatus have short pedicels, whereas
in S. occidentalis the flowers are sessile.
S. orbiculatus bracteoles are sparsely
pubescent, with small subulate hairs along
the edges, while S. occidentalis bracteoles are
glabrous. Each teeth of calyx in S. orbiculatus
have a bundle of subulate hairs at the apex,
whereas in S. occidentalis they are glabrous.
The corolla lobes of S. orbiculatus are oval,
with rounded apices, equal to 1/3 of the
corolla length; these lobes in S. occidentalis
are broadly oval, with acute apices, equal to
26 Plant Introduction • 87/88
O. Bulakh
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00
–
58
.8
9)
68
.10
(5
1.9
0–
79
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)
51
.9
0
(4
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30
–
55
.0
3)
57
.8
0
(5
3.
95
–
61
.3
0)
46
.70
(4
0.
80
–
55
.8
2)
68
.10
(5
7.9
9–
79
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1)
65
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0
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1.6
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St
yl
e
le
ng
th
, m
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2.
0–
3.
0
3.
0–
5.
0
2.
0–
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5.
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bl
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1.
Q
ua
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fe
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es
o
f S
ym
ph
or
ic
ar
po
s
flo
w
er
.
Plant Introduction • 87/88 27
Floral morphology of Symphoricarpos species introduced to Ukraine
Fe
at
ur
es
Sp
ec
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gl
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br
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C
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or
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th
eq
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eq
ua
l o
r
sl
ig
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hi
gh
er
to
th
e
co
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lla
eq
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l o
r
sl
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an
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sl
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eq
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co
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sh
or
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th
an
th
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St
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fi
la
m
en
t
pu
be
sc
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ce
gl
ab
ro
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gl
ab
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us
gl
ab
ro
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ab
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pu
be
sc
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t
gl
ab
ro
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pu
be
sc
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t
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ab
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St
yl
e
le
ng
th
sh
or
te
r
th
an
th
e
co
ro
lla
eq
ua
l t
o
th
e
co
ro
lla
sh
or
te
r
th
an
th
e
co
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lla
hi
gh
er
th
an
th
e
co
ro
lla
sh
or
te
r
th
an
th
e
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lla
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or
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th
an
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e
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lla
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or
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th
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Ta
bl
e
2.
Q
ua
lit
at
iv
e
fe
at
ur
es
o
f S
ym
ph
or
ic
ar
po
s
flo
w
er
.
28 Plant Introduction • 87/88
O. Bulakh
1/2 of the corolla length. We noted that the
stamens and style exceed the corolla in length
exclusively in S. occidentalis, hence it can be a
diagnostic feature of this species (Tables 1 & 2).
The following differences for other two
similar species (S. hesperius and S. mollis)
were found. The flowers of S. hesperius are
with triangular calyx teeth, broadly bell-
shaped, and with a longer corolla; the tube
of the corolla is crescent-shaped at the base;
the filaments of stamens are glabrous. The
calyx teeth of S. mollis flowers are deltoid; the
corolla is campanulate and shorter; the stamen
filaments pubescent by ribbon-like hairs.
Symphoricarpos oreophilus var. utahensis
presents a peculiar floral morphology that
distinguishes it from all the other studied
representatives of the genus Symphoricarpos.
It has solitary flowers on long (2–4 mm against
1 mm in other studied species) pendent
pedicels, which are densely pubescent by
simple bristly and glandular hairs. Other
species have numerous flowers organized
in racemes and placed on erect, glabrous
pedicels. The calyx of S. oreophilus var.
utahensis is elongated and spindle-shaped,
unlikely to other species. Its corolla is narrow-
tubular, 2–4 mm in diameter and is much
shorter than the tube. The tube is not convex
at the base. The stamens are shorter or rarely
of the same size as the corolla (Tables 1 & 2).
Conclusions
The micro- and macromorphological
peculiarities of the flowers of six
Symphoricarpos species introduced to Ukraine
were specified. The morphological features
of the calyx, corolla, stamens and style
allowing distinguishing S. albus, S. hesperius,
S. mollis, S. occidentalis, S. orbiculatus, and
Figure 2. Lobes of the corolla (SEM): A – Symphoricarpos albus (suborbicular, with obtuse apex); B – S. mollis
(oval, with orbicular apex); C – S. occidentalis (broadly oval, with acute apex); D – S. oreophilus var. utahensis
(oval, with obtuse apex).
B
D
A
C
Plant Introduction • 87/88 29
Floral morphology of Symphoricarpos species introduced to Ukraine
BA
Figure 3. Base of a corolla tube (SEM): A – Symphoricarpos albus (convex at the base of one side); B –
S. oreophilus var. utahensis (symmetrical, without convexity).
S. oreophilus var. utahensis were emphasized.
These features can be suggested as additional
diagnostic treats in the taxonomy of the genus
Symphoricarpos. Finaly, the results of our
study showed that S. racemosus, S. rivularis,
and S. albus share common morphological
features of the flower, what supports their
current synonymy under the name S. albus.
BA
C
Figure 4. Tip of the stamen (SEM): А –
Symphoricarpos albus (anthers with regular
projection of the connective); B – S. hesperius
(anthers with small projection of the connective);
C – S. oreophilus var. utahensis (anthers with ovoid
projection of a connective).
30 Plant Introduction • 87/88
O. Bulakh
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Plant Introduction • 87/88 31
Floral morphology of Symphoricarpos species introduced to Ukraine
Морфологічні особливості квітки видів роду Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae),
інтродукованих в Україні
Олена Булах
Інститут ботаніки імені М.Г. Холодного НАН України, вул. Терещенківська, 2, Київ, 01004; Україна;
anemone@ukr.net
За допомогою світлової та сканувальної електронної мікроскопії вивчено будову суцвіття і квіток
шести видів роду Symphoricarpos, інтродукованих в Україні. Виявлено морфологічні особливості
чашечки, віночка, тичинок і стовпчика маточки, за якими розрізняються квітки видів S. albus
(включно з S. racemosus та S. rivularis), S. hesperius, S. mollis, S. occidentalis, S. orbiculatus та S. oreophilus var.
utahensis. Отримані дані важливі для ідентифікації видів і таксономії роду Symphoricarpos. Зокрема,
результати наших досліджень показали, що квітки S. racemosus, S. rivularis та S. albus мають спільні
риси будови, що підтверджує доцільність зведення їх у синоніми під назвою S. albus. В той час, як
інші види роду Symphoricarpos демонструють відмінності в будові їх квітки.
Серед ознак відсутніх у доступних літературних джерелах, як додаткові ознаки для ідентифікації
інтродукованих в Україну видів роду Symphoricarpos ми пропонуємо такі: кількість квіток у суцвітті,
особливості морфології квітконіжки, форма й особливості опушення приквіток, форма зубчиків
чашечки та наявність чи відсутність їхнього опушення, наявність чи відсутність опуклості трубочки
віночка, наявність яйцеподібного виступу в’язальця над пиляками та загалом розміри всіх елементів
квітки.
Також слід відмітити, що з-поміж досліджених видів найбільше відрізняється S. oreophilus var. utahensis,
що має поодинокі квітки, розташовані в пазухах листків на пониклих опушених квітконіжках,
видовжену веретеноподібну чашечку, вузькотрубчастий, без опуклості при основі віночок, а
також коротші за трубочку віночка або, рідше, однакової довжини тичинки з чітким яйцеподібним
виступом в’язальця на верхівці.
Ключові слова: Symphoricarpos, морфологія, суцвіття, квітка, діагностичні ознаки
Zyman, S. M., Hrodzynskyi, D. M., & Bulakh, O. V.
(2011). Latin-English-Russian-Ukrainian dictionary
of terms on the morphology and the taxonomy
of vascular plants. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka.
(In Ukrainian)
Zyman, S. M., Mosiakin, S. L., Bulakh, O. V.,
Tsarenko, O. M., & Felbaba-Klushina, L. M.
(2004). Illustrated reference book on the morphology
of flowering plants. Uzhgorod: Medium.
(In Ukrainian)
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| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1577 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/8c/1fe09efaad51b687f688d1e81969358c.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-15772023-08-26T20:39:33Z Morphological features of the flower of Symphoricarpos species (Caprifoliaceae) introduced to Ukraine Морфологічні особливості квітки видів роду Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae), інтродукованих в Україні Bulakh, Olena With the help of light and scanning electron microscopy, the features of inflorescences and flowers of six species of the genus Symphoricarpos introduced to Ukraine were studied, and the peculiarities of their structure were specified. Morphological peculiarities of the calyx, corolla, stamens, and style, differentiating S. albus (including S. racemosus and S. rivularis), S. hesperius, S. mollis, S. occidentalis, S. orbiculatus, and S. oreophilus var. utahensis, were determined. The obtained data are important for identification of the species and taxonomy of the genus Symphoricarpos. In particular, the results of our study showed that flowers of S. racemosus, S. rivularis, and S. albus share common features and this supports their synonymy under the name S. albus. Other five Symphoricarpos species showed differences in their floral morphology.Among the important features for identification of Symphoricarpos species introduced to Ukraine, which were not mentioned in available literature sources we can list: the number of flowers in the inflorescence, features of pedicels, shape and features of bracts pubescence, shape of calyx teeth and their pubescence, presence or absence of corolla tube convexity, presence of ovoid projection of anther’s connective, and size of all the floral elements.Symphoricarpos oreophilus var. utahensis has unique features of floral morphology. Its single flowers located in the axis of the leaves on the pendent pubescent pedicels; the calyx is elongated, fusiform; the corolla is narrowly tubular, without a convex at the base; the stamens are shorter than the corolla tubule or rarely of the same length, with a clear ovoid projection on the apex. За допомогою світлової та сканувальної електронної мікроскопії вивчено будову суцвіття і квіток шести видів роду Symphoricarpos, інтродукованих в Україні. Виявлено морфологічні особливості чашечки, віночка, тичинок і стовпчика маточки, за якими розрізняються квітки видів S. albus (включно з S. racemosus та S. rivularis), S. hesperius, S. mollis, S. occidentalis, S. orbiculatus та S. oreophilus var. utahensis. Отримані дані важливі для ідентифікації видів і таксономії роду Symphoricarpos. Зокрема, результати наших досліджень показали, що квітки S. racemosus, S. rivularis та S. albus мають спільні риси будови, що підтверджує доцільність зведення їх у синоніми під назвою S. albus. В той час, як інші види роду Symphoricarpos демонструють відмінності в будові їх квітки.Серед ознак відсутніх у доступних літературних джерелах, як додаткові ознаки для ідентифікації інтродукованих в Україну видів роду Symphoricarpos ми пропонуємо такі: кількість квіток у суцвітті, особливості морфології квітконіжки, форма й особливості опушення приквіток, форма зубчиків чашечки та наявність чи відсутність їхнього опушення, наявність чи відсутність опуклості трубочки віночка, наявність яйцеподібного виступу в’язальця над пиляками та загалом розміри всіх елементів квітки.Також слід відмітити, що з-поміж досліджених видів найбільше відрізняється S. oreophilus var. utahensis, що має поодинокі квітки, розташовані в пазухах листків на пониклих опушених квітконіжках, видовжену веретеноподібну чашечку, вузькотрубчастий, без опуклості при основі віночок, а також коротші за трубочку віночка або, рідше, однакової довжини тичинки з чітким яйцеподібним виступом в’язальця на верхівці. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2020-12-30 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1577 10.46341/PI2020030 Plant Introduction; No 87/88 (2020); 22-31 Інтродукція Рослин; № 87/88 (2020); 22-31 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI87-88 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1577/1495 Copyright (c) 2020 Olena Bulakh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Bulakh, Olena Морфологічні особливості квітки видів роду Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae), інтродукованих в Україні |
| title | Морфологічні особливості квітки видів роду Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae), інтродукованих в Україні |
| title_alt | Morphological features of the flower of Symphoricarpos species (Caprifoliaceae) introduced to Ukraine |
| title_full | Морфологічні особливості квітки видів роду Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae), інтродукованих в Україні |
| title_fullStr | Морфологічні особливості квітки видів роду Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae), інтродукованих в Україні |
| title_full_unstemmed | Морфологічні особливості квітки видів роду Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae), інтродукованих в Україні |
| title_short | Морфологічні особливості квітки видів роду Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae), інтродукованих в Україні |
| title_sort | морфологічні особливості квітки видів роду symphoricarpos (caprifoliaceae), інтродукованих в україні |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1577 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bulakholena morphologicalfeaturesoftheflowerofsymphoricarposspeciescaprifoliaceaeintroducedtoukraine AT bulakholena morfologíčníosoblivostíkvítkividívrodusymphoricarposcaprifoliaceaeíntrodukovanihvukraíní |