Морфоструктура цибулин Oxalis incarnata
The morphostructure of the bulbs of Oxalis incarnata in the conditions of dormancy and the plant’s growth and development are described. The plants were grown in two irrigation modes: 1) with regular irrigation during the year, and 2) with limited irrigation in March-October and without irrigation i...
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2020
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Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860145101206978560 |
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| author | Zhila, Alla Tymchenko, Olga |
| author_facet | Zhila, Alla Tymchenko, Olga |
| author_sort | Zhila, Alla |
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| description | The morphostructure of the bulbs of Oxalis incarnata in the conditions of dormancy and the plant’s growth and development are described. The plants were grown in two irrigation modes: 1) with regular irrigation during the year, and 2) with limited irrigation in March-October and without irrigation in November-February. The bulbs were analyzed by way of consequent detaching of the scales. Investigated bulbs always had four fleshy scales, while the number of coriaceous and membranous scales varied. Coriaceous scales, together with two fleshy outer scales, make a protective envelope of the bulb.The overground shoot of O. incarnata, just like in other species of the genus, demonstrates monopodial growth and can produce up to five levels of lateral branches. Elongated parts of overground shoots serve for new territories’ useful occupation, while shortened parts produce new particles. Resting buds (bulbils) of three types were observed in O. incarnata: underground axillary buds, overground axillary gemmae, and terminal gemma. Our investigations showed polyvariance both of organogenesis of the resting buds and ontogenesis of plants in general, depending on irrigation regimes. In the case of limited irrigation, the plants of O. incarnata shed the leaves and can produce terminal gemma. While in the case of regular irrigation during the year, they remain evergreen and form gemmae exclusively in the leaves’ axils. We did not observe the formation of terminal gemmae in the case if axillary gemmae were present.The root system of O. incarnata has a complex structure. It consists of two crowns of the filamentary roots, contractile roots, and additional adventitious roots located along the underground part of the shoot during its growth. Such structure of the root system probably ensures better absorption of the water. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2020022 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:50Z |
| format | Article |
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© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
Plant Introduction, 87/88, 32–38 (2020)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
The morphostructure of Oxalis incarnata bulbs
Introduction
Cosmopolite genus Oxalis L. (Oxalidaceae
R. Br.) comprises about 700 species (Knuth,
1930; Nesom, 2017). This is the only genus
among dicots representing true bulbs. The
genus Oxalis remains among the most diverse
(Proches et al., 2006; Zietsman et al., 2009)
but the least investigated in South Africa
(Gebregziabher, 2004). Oxalis incarnata L.,
together with other 122 Oxalis species, is
an endemic of the Cape Floristic Region
(Freiberg & Manning, 2013). It is the only
sylvatic endemic among all South African
representatives of the genus. Accordingly
to Salter (1944), O. incarnata belongs to
the subsection Subintegrae of the section
Oppositae. Oberlander et al. (2011) attributed it
to the clade Caulescent, which is characterized
by the presence of stem. This species is mostly
distributed in a zone of coastal fynbos but
also occurs in fragmented forests near the
flowing water (Oberlander, 2009). It is a highly
decorative plant, which is often introduced
and even became a weed in many countries
(Randall, 2017). Expansion of this species
Alla Zhila *, Olga Tymchenko
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tymiryazevska str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine;
* allazhila58@gmail.com
Received: 07.07.2020 | Accepted: 14.10.2020 | Published: 30.12.2020
Abstract
The morphostructure of the bulbs of Oxalis incarnata in the conditions of dormancy and the plant’s growth
and development are described. The plants were grown in two irrigation modes: 1) with regular irrigation
during the year, and 2) with limited irrigation in March-October and without irrigation in November-
February. The bulbs were analyzed by way of consequent detaching of the scales. Investigated bulbs
always had four fleshy scales, while the number of coriaceous and membranous scales varied. Coriaceous
scales, together with two fleshy outer scales, make a protective envelope of the bulb.
The overground shoot of O. incarnata, just like in other species of the genus, demonstrates monopodial
growth and can produce up to five levels of lateral branches. Elongated parts of overground shoots serve
for new territories’ useful occupation, while shortened parts produce new particles. Resting buds (bulbils)
of three types were observed in O. incarnata: underground axillary buds, overground axillary gemmae,
and terminal gemma. Our investigations showed polyvariance both of organogenesis of the resting buds
and ontogenesis of plants in general, depending on irrigation regimes. In the case of limited irrigation,
the plants of O. incarnata shed the leaves and can produce terminal gemma. While in the case of regular
irrigation during the year, they remain evergreen and form gemmae exclusively in the leaves’ axils. We did
not observe the formation of terminal gemmae in the case if axillary gemmae were present.
The root system of O. incarnata has a complex structure. It consists of two crowns of the filamentary
roots, contractile roots, and additional adventitious roots located along the underground part of the shoot
during its growth. Such structure of the root system probably ensures better absorption of the water.
Keywords: Oxalis incarnata, root system, bulb, gemmae, irrigation regime
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2020022
UDC 582.751.1:581.446.2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1246-1376
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5691-5264
Plant Introduction • 87/88 33
The morphostructure of Oxalis incarnata bulbs
observed in countries with a Mediterranean
climate (Discover Life, 2020).
In South Africa, many species depending
on local climatic conditions can demonstrate
an evergreen or deciduous growing strategy
(Proches et al., 2006). Similarly, O. incarnata
can remain evergreen in well-hydrated places
(Pacific Bulb Society, 2020).
Salter (1944) was the first, who outlined
the importance of morphology of both
overground shoots and bulbs for Oxalis
systematics. Estelita-Teixeira (1982) and
Zhila & Tymchenko (2014, 2016) investigated
the structure of the bulbs of certain South
American representatives of the genus. Pütz
(1994) and Gebregziabher (2004) paid attention
to bulbs’ morphology in South African Oxalis.
Nevertheless, despite the importance of such
investigations for understanding the new
territories’ occupation mechanisms, bulbs’
morphology of such aggressive weed as
O. incarnata was not studied yet.
Material and methods
The bulbs of O. incarnata were received
from the Botanical Garden of Karl-Franzens-
University (Graz, Austria) and planted in 2015 at
the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden,
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Further investigations were carried out in
2016–2019. Plants were grown in pots in a cold
greenhouse applying two irrigation modes:
1) with regular irrigation during the year, and
2) irrigation in March-October and without
irrigation in November-February. Once per
month, five plants were randomly taken
for the analysis of bulbs’ morphostructure.
Scales of the bulbs were detached and
investigated using the light microscope MBS-
9. Provided description of the bulbs follows
the terminology of Fedorov et al. (1962).
Results and discussion
The bulbs of O. incarnata are oval, hooked,
1.5–2 cm long, with brown, pubescent covering
scales. The overground part of the stem is
glabrous. Among other South African Oxalis
representatives, O. incarnatа is notable for
branched, zig-zag shaped, up to 30 cm long
stems, and axillary gemmae production.
Phyllotaxis is complex, distichous, and
pseudo-whorled (Emshwiller, 1999). Some
nodes demonstrate a strictly distichous
position of the leaves. However, most of the
shoot has a mix of elongated (up to 8 cm long)
and significantly shortened internodes, where
the nodes can gather up to ten leaves.
Leaves are compound trifoliate, with
equal obovate leaflets, 4–16 × 5–22 mm each.
The abaxial side of the leaves is punctate.
Leaflets slightly pubescent, with reticulate
ornamentation, often with irregular row of
the oxalates seen along the margin. Leaf
base partly surrounds the stem (almost 1/2
of the node) and continues into the stipule-
like structures, which are about 3 mm
long. Petioles are glabrous, 7–12 mm long
(Nesom, 2017).
Solitary flowers are campanulate
elongated, 13–22 mm long. Pedicels are as
long as leaves, flaccid, with two opposite
bracteoles. Corolla is pale-lilac, at the base
– greenish. Sepals are slightly elongated
(4–6 mm long), acute, coriaceous, pubescent,
with oxalate deposits at the tips (Dreyer et al.,
2006; Nesom, 2017).
Bulbous representatives of the genus
Oxalis are sterile out of the natural range
of their distribution. Supposedly, such
species’ reproduction goes only through
the vegetative way due to pollination issues
caused by introduced plants’ clonal origin
(Young, 1958). Similarly, O. incarnata tends
to lose the heterostyly, and therefore – to
lose the ability for cross-pollination, even
in the natural conditions (Oberlander, 2009;
Turketti, 2010). Vegetative propagation of
such plants by bulbils became the primary
way of their dispersion. Propagative bulbils
develop both on the underground (Gray, 2011;
Groom et al., 2017) and overground parts of
the shoot. In the last case, bulbils (gemmae)
can develop in the axils (Nesom, 2017) or at the
shoot apex (Oberlander, 2009; Oberlander et
al., 2009). Axillary gemmae also occur in some
other South African Oxalis species, including
O. pocockiae L. Bolus, O. inaequalis Weintroub,
and O. convexula Jacq. (Oberlander et al.,
2009; Pacific Bulb Society, 2020). Such axillary
gemmae are also known for many other plants
(Farrell, 2008). However, terminal gemmae are
reported only for O. incarnata and look to be
a unique feature of this species (Oberlander,
2009; Oberlander et al., 2009).
34 Plant Introduction • 87/88
A. Zhila, O. Tymchenko
The bulbs of South African representatives
of the genus are considered as annual (Salter,
1944). During the vegetation season, the
maternal bulb is wholly utilized to develop
roots, shoots, and daughter bulbs. However,
the bulbs’ descriptions often differ even for
the same Oxalis species, which probably
depends on the ontogenetic stage when such
a description has been performed. Salter
(1944) and Gebregziabher (2004) reported
South African Oxalis species to have the bulbs
constructed from basal plate, coriaceous
scales, fleshy scales, and young bulbil (the
axillary bud of the next vegetation year).
However, Pütz (1994) noted that the dormant
bulb of O. pes-caprae L. has only coriaceous
scales, fleshy scales, and undifferentiated
terminal bud in its center. At the beginning
of vegetation season, such terminal bud
develops into the shoot with adventive roots
and buds in the scales’ axils.
The bulbs of O. incarnata are imbricate.
In dormant conditions, the bulbs consist of a
basal plate and few fleshy scales and terminal
bud attached to this plate. After awake, the
maternal bulb starts to produce filamentary
roots around the basal plate, which form the
first crown (Fig. 1A – 2 & 4). After that, one
or two filamentary roots become thicker
and form napiform contractile roots (Zhila &
Tymchenko, 2016). The function of contractile
roots in O. incarnata (Fig. 1A – 1) has been
analyzed in detail by Thoday (1926) and Thoday
& Davey (1932). In the bulbous representatives
of the genus Oxalis, such roots usually serve
to strengthen the plant in the soil and for the
particular movement (Galil, 1968; Pütz, 1994).
They also increase the absorption area near
the soil surface (North et al., 2008). Moreover,
it was noted that such contractile roots could
serve as temporary (ephemeral) storage
organs (Iziro & Hori, 1983). In general, the
BA
Figure 1. The bulb (A) and overground shoot (B) of Oxalis incarnata: 1 – napiform contractile root; 2 –
filamentary roots (first crown); 3 – coriaceous scales; 4 – basal plate; 5 – outer thick fleshy scale; 6 – inner
fleshy scale; 7 – first membranous scale; 8 – axillary bulbil in the axil of the first membranous scale; 9 –
second membranous scale; 10 – first elongated internode; 11 – underground axillary bulbil; 12 – filamentary
stem’s root; 13 – stem’s root with irregularly-thickened areas; 14 – stem’s filamentary roots (second crown);
15 – the first scale of overground part of the shoot; 16 – trophophylls; 17 – axillary gemmae; 18 – leaves in
a false whorl; 19 – terminal gemma.
Plant Introduction • 87/88 35
The morphostructure of Oxalis incarnata bulbs
genus’s bulbous representatives’ root system
combines features of both monocots and
dicots (Zhila & Tymchenko, 2016).
South African Oxalis have no regular
leaves (trophophylls) attached to the bulb’s
basal plate; all trophophylls are located in the
overground shoot nodes (Oberlander et al.,
2009). When the plant has already developed
overground shoot in the phase of active
growth, O. incarnata develops up to six
coriaceous scales at the basal plate (Fig. 1A
– 3). Such coriaceous scales are 3.5–4.0 mm
wide and 3.0–3.2 mm long, with three veins,
shortly pubescent on the abaxial side (with
denser pubescence at the tips) and glabrous
– on the adaxial one. Coriaceous scales
cover four fleshy scales (Fig. 1A – 5 & 6). Two
outer fleshy scales are more prominent and
thicker, 17.0–20.0 mm long, and the other
two inner fleshy scales are much smaller
(8.0–11.0 mm long) and thinner. Coriaceous
scales, together with two flashy outer scales,
make a protective envelope of the bulb.
The number of fleshy scales in O. incarnata
always remains invariable, while the number
of coriaceous scales can vary. Resting buds
can develop in the axils of both coriaceous
and flashy scales.
In O. incarnata, the terminal bud forming
the overground shoot, just like in other species
of the genus, demonstrates monopodial
growth (Jeannoda-Robinson, 1977; Shorina,
1983; Chub, 2008). Two first internodes of the
shoot are shortened; here are located very
narrow and thin membranous scales. The
first membranous scale is longer (2.5–3.0 mm
long) and holds the better-developed axillary
bulbil, which is elongated and with a sharp
tip. The second membranous scale is much
smaller, and the second bulbil forms much
later (Fig. 1A – 7–9). The next internode (Fig. 1A
– 10) is elongated, and the node holds the scale
(0.5–0.8 mm long) with spherical axillary bud
(Fig. 1A – 11). Later, this bud grows and goes out
of the bulb. Consequent elongated internodes
hold the scales, all about 1 mm long but vary in
their width. The number of these internodes,
hidden under the ground, depends on the
depth of sowing.
The underground part of the shoot located
between the bulb and the soil surface form the
filamentary roots, which are often irregularly
utricular and can ramify (Fig. 1A – 12–13). This
part of the shoot has a whitish color.
The frontier internode (partly located in
the ground and partly open) is significantly
thickened. It holds many adventitious
filamentary roots, which form the second
crown (Fig. 1A – 14). Below this crown, the
internode is pinky, while above this level, it
becomes greenish. All other shoot elements
are located over the ground.
The overground shoot of O. incarnata is
monocyclic and survives only one vegetation
season (about six months). The first
overground node still forms a membranous
scale, which is more prominent (3.5–4.0 mm
long) than previous ones (Fig. 1A – 15). The
next leaves gradually obtain the structure
of the regular trophophylls. The lower
leaves are undeveloped (the leaf base is well
developed, but the petioles and laminae are
not developed). The middle formation leaves
are already well developed, have flashy base,
pronounced cylindrical petiole, and three
leaflets (Fig. 1B – 16). The internodes here are
elongated, 6.5–8.0 cm long.
The main shoot can ramify and produce
up to five levels of lateral branches. Lateral
shoots have a similar organization – the first
internode is shortened (up to 1 mm long), and
the first leaf is undeveloped, but all the next
internodes are elongated, and the leaves are
developed.
In the case of regular irrigation during
the year, the plants of O. incarnata remain
evergreen and form gemmae in the leaves’
axils (Fig. 1B – 17). In this case, shoots actively
ramify and, caused by elongated internodes, lie
down. They also produce additional points of
rooting in short internodes. As a result, several
grounded clones with their own root systems
and developed axillary gemmae (bulbils) in
the pseudowhorled leaves’ axils are present at
the end of vegetation season. These axillary
gemmae can serve for vegetative propagation
in the next year or complete the existing
plant’s shoot system.
In the case of seasonal irrigation, the
plants of O. incarnata shed the leaves and can
produce terminal gemma (Fig. 1B – 19). We did
not observe the formation of such terminal
gemmae in the case if axillary gemmae were
present. Each terminal gemma consists of
three outer coriaceous and four inner fleshy
scales and the bud inside of these scales. Below
such terminal gemma, shoot forms several
significantly shortened internodes, the basal
36 Plant Introduction • 87/88
A. Zhila, O. Tymchenko
of which can bear up to five regular leaves
or narrow scales. The uppermost shortened
internode bears three broad scales with three
rudimental axillary buds.
At the end of the vegetative season, the
overground shoots die, the gemmae (either
terminal or axillary) shed away and produce
new plants in the next vegetation season.
Conclusions
1. The root system of O. incarnata has two
crowns of filamentary roots and contractile
and additional adventitious roots, ensuring
better water absorption.
2. Resting buds are represented by three
types – axillary underground buds, axillary
overground gemmae, and terminal overground
gemmae.
3. Gemmae can continue the growth and
ramify during the current season on the
mother plant. Otherwise, gemmae can serve
for vegetative propagation and produce the
new plant in the next season.
4. In the case of regular irrigation, the
vegetative propagation of O. incarnata realizes
with the help of axillary underground buds
and axillary overground gemmae. In the case
of insufficient irrigation, it can be performed
through the axillary underground buds and
terminal gemmae.
5. Elongated internodes serve adjacent
territories’ occupation, while shortened ones
– for effective rooting and production of the
new particles with gemmae.
References
Chub, V. V. (2008). The role of positional information
in regulaton of development of organs of the
flower and leaf series of shoots [PhD thesis
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pink-sorrel. Crimson woodsorrel. Retrieved
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Plant Introduction • 87/88 37
The morphostructure of Oxalis incarnata bulbs
Морфоструктура цибулин Oxalis incarnata
Алла Жила *, Ольга Тимченко
Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Тимірязєвська, 1, Київ, 01014,
Україна; * allazhila58@gmail.com
У роботі описана морфоструктура цибулини Oxalis incarnata як у стані відносного спокою, так і в процесі
росту і розвитку упродовж вегетаційного періоду. Рослини утримувалися у двох режимах поливу:
1) рівномірного протягом року; 2) змінного (полив у березні-жовтні, без поливу у листопаді-лютому).
Цибулини аналізували шляхом послідовного видалення лусок. Досліджені цибулини завжди мали
чотири соковиті луски, в той час як кількість шкірястих і перетинчастих лусок варіювала. Шкірясті
луски разом з двома зовнішніми соковитими, очевидно, виконують захисну роль.
Надземний пагін O. incarnata, як і в інших представників роду, демонструє моноподіальне галуження
і може продукувати до п’яти рівнів бічних пагонів. Видовжені ділянки надземного пагона можуть
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Contractile roots in succulent monocots:
Convergence, divergence and adaptation to
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1179–1189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-
3040.2008.01832.x
Oberlander, K. C. (2009). Molecular systematic
study of Southern African Oxalis (Oxalidaceae)
[PhD Dissertation, University of Stellenbosch].
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(2011). Molecular phylogenetics and origins of
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Oberlander, K. C., Emshwiller, E., Bellstedt D. U., &
Dreyer, L. L. (2009). A model of bulb evolution in
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Phylogenetics and Evolution, 51(1), 54–63. https://
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J. C., & Snijman, D. A. (2006). An overview of the
Cape geophytes. Biological Journal of the Linnean
Society, 87(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1095-8312.2006.00557.x
Pütz, N. (1994). Vegetative spreading of Oxalis
pes-caprae (Oxalidaceae). Plant Systematics and
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38 Plant Introduction • 87/88
A. Zhila, O. Tymchenko
полягати і вкорінюватися, захоплюючи прилеглі території, тоді як вкорочені ділянки відповідають
за вкорінення і формування парціальних особин. Залежно від місця закладання у O. incarnata
можуть спостерігатися бруньки поновлення (цибулинки) трьох типів: аксилярні підземні, аксилярні
надземні виводкові і термінальні виводкові. Рослинам цього виду притаманна як поліваріантність
проходження органогенезу бруньок поновлення, так і поліваріантність онтогенезу рослин в цілому
залежно від режимів зволоження. У випадку обмеженого поливу, рослини можуть скидати листки
і формувати термінальні повітряні виводкові бруньки. За дотримання режиму постійного поливу
протягом року формуються повітряні бруньки поновлення лише у пазухах листків, а рослина
залишається вічнозеленою. Одночасного утворення аксилярних повітряних виводкових цибулинок
і термінальних повітряних виводкових цибулинок не спостерігалося.
Коренева система O. incarnata має складну структуру і складається з двох корон зі шнуроподібних
коренів, а також контрактильних коренів та додаткових коренів сформованих уздовж осі пагона при
його підземному наростанні. Така її структура, ймовірно, покликана забезпечити краще поглинання
води.
Ключові слова: Oxalis incarnata, коренева система, цибулина, виводкові цибулинки, режим зволоження
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| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1578 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/b1/04deaf6e3511f9bf5a42b5c004980eb1.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-15782023-08-26T20:39:33Z The morphostructure of Oxalis incarnata bulbs Морфоструктура цибулин Oxalis incarnata Zhila, Alla Tymchenko, Olga The morphostructure of the bulbs of Oxalis incarnata in the conditions of dormancy and the plant’s growth and development are described. The plants were grown in two irrigation modes: 1) with regular irrigation during the year, and 2) with limited irrigation in March-October and without irrigation in November-February. The bulbs were analyzed by way of consequent detaching of the scales. Investigated bulbs always had four fleshy scales, while the number of coriaceous and membranous scales varied. Coriaceous scales, together with two fleshy outer scales, make a protective envelope of the bulb.The overground shoot of O. incarnata, just like in other species of the genus, demonstrates monopodial growth and can produce up to five levels of lateral branches. Elongated parts of overground shoots serve for new territories’ useful occupation, while shortened parts produce new particles. Resting buds (bulbils) of three types were observed in O. incarnata: underground axillary buds, overground axillary gemmae, and terminal gemma. Our investigations showed polyvariance both of organogenesis of the resting buds and ontogenesis of plants in general, depending on irrigation regimes. In the case of limited irrigation, the plants of O. incarnata shed the leaves and can produce terminal gemma. While in the case of regular irrigation during the year, they remain evergreen and form gemmae exclusively in the leaves’ axils. We did not observe the formation of terminal gemmae in the case if axillary gemmae were present.The root system of O. incarnata has a complex structure. It consists of two crowns of the filamentary roots, contractile roots, and additional adventitious roots located along the underground part of the shoot during its growth. Such structure of the root system probably ensures better absorption of the water. У роботі описана морфоструктура цибулини Oxalis incarnata як у стані відносного спокою, так і в процесі росту і розвитку упродовж вегетаційного періоду. Рослини утримувалися у двох режимах поливу: 1) рівномірного протягом року; 2) змінного (полив у березні-жовтні, без поливу у листопаді-лютому). Цибулини аналізували шляхом послідовного видалення лусок. Досліджені цибулини завжди мали чотири соковиті луски, в той час як кількість шкірястих і перетинчастих лусок варіювала. Шкірясті луски разом з двома зовнішніми соковитими, очевидно, виконують захисну роль.Надземний пагін O. incarnata, як і в інших представників роду, демонструє моноподіальне галуження і може продукувати до п’яти рівнів бічних пагонів. Видовжені ділянки надземного пагона можуть полягати і вкорінюватися, захоплюючи прилеглі території, тоді як вкорочені ділянки відповідають за вкорінення і формування парціальних особин. Залежно від місця закладання у O. incarnata можуть спостерігатися бруньки поновлення (цибулинки) трьох типів: аксилярні підземні, аксилярні надземні виводкові і термінальні виводкові. Рослинам цього виду притаманна як поліваріантність проходження органогенезу бруньок поновлення, так і поліваріантність онтогенезу рослин в цілому залежно від режимів зволоження. У випадку обмеженого поливу, рослини можуть скидати листки і формувати термінальні повітряні виводкові бруньки. За дотримання режиму постійного поливу протягом року формуються повітряні бруньки поновлення лише у пазухах листків, а рослина залишається вічнозеленою. Одночасного утворення аксилярних повітряних виводкових цибулинок і термінальних повітряних виводкових цибулинок не спостерігалося.Коренева система O. incarnata має складну структуру і складається з двох корон зі шнуроподібних коренів, а також контрактильних коренів та додаткових коренів сформованих уздовж осі пагона при його підземному наростанні. Така її структура, ймовірно, покликана забезпечити краще поглинання води. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2020-12-30 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1578 10.46341/PI2020022 Plant Introduction; No 87/88 (2020); 32-38 Інтродукція Рослин; № 87/88 (2020); 32-38 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI87-88 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1578/1496 Copyright (c) 2020 Alla Zhila, Olga Tymchenko http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Zhila, Alla Tymchenko, Olga Морфоструктура цибулин Oxalis incarnata |
| title | Морфоструктура цибулин Oxalis incarnata |
| title_alt | The morphostructure of Oxalis incarnata bulbs |
| title_full | Морфоструктура цибулин Oxalis incarnata |
| title_fullStr | Морфоструктура цибулин Oxalis incarnata |
| title_full_unstemmed | Морфоструктура цибулин Oxalis incarnata |
| title_short | Морфоструктура цибулин Oxalis incarnata |
| title_sort | морфоструктура цибулин oxalis incarnata |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1578 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhilaalla themorphostructureofoxalisincarnatabulbs AT tymchenkoolga themorphostructureofoxalisincarnatabulbs AT zhilaalla morfostrukturacibulinoxalisincarnata AT tymchenkoolga morfostrukturacibulinoxalisincarnata AT zhilaalla morphostructureofoxalisincarnatabulbs AT tymchenkoolga morphostructureofoxalisincarnatabulbs |