Морфо-анатомічна адаптація листків окремих видів Veronica до посушливих умов
This study’s objective was to evaluate the adaptive potential of the leaves of Veronica (V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata) in the arid conditions of the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden NAS of Ukraine (KBG) located in the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper. Leave...
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2020
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| author | Leshcheniuk, Olena Chipilyak, Tetyana |
| author_facet | Leshcheniuk, Olena Chipilyak, Tetyana |
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| description | This study’s objective was to evaluate the adaptive potential of the leaves of Veronica (V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata) in the arid conditions of the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden NAS of Ukraine (KBG) located in the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper. Leaves have been obtained from the collection of ornamental plants of KBG, where these plants are introduced for ten years. The seasonal dynamics of leaf development have been studied during the growing season of 2018, when the most arid climatic conditions were observed.The leaves of the investigated species were found to be dorsoventral, amphistomatic, with an anomocytic stomatal apparatus and bifacial mesophyll. Changes in the anatomical structures of the leaf blade towards xeromorphism were determined. In particular, in all studied specimens thickening of the cuticle, adaxial and abaxial epidermises (except V. prostrata, where the upper epidermis decreased by 35 %) mesophyll occurred. The number of stomata on the abaxial epidermis in all species decreased (the most notably in V. prostrata). Such increase of xeromorphism in V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata is an adaptive reaction of plants to the effects of extreme arid weather and climatic conditions of the Kryvorizhzhya, which testifies to the plasticity of investigated species and their high adaptation potential to the climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2020023 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:51Z |
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Plant Introduction, 87/88, 47–53 (2020)
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Morpho-anatomical adaptation of the leaves of certain Veronica species
to arid conditions
Introduction
In the conditions of increasing technogenic
pressure in Ukraine and global climate
warming, it is necessary to search for new
drought- and pollution-resistant species for
purposes of ornamental planting. According to
the long-term introductory observations of the
Veronica L. representatives in the collection of
the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the NAS of
Ukraine (KBG), five species (V. armenica Boiss.,
V. austriaca L., V. incana L., V. prostrata L., and
V. spicata L.) were identified as promising to
replenish the cultural flora of the Right-Bank
Steppe Cisdnieper. These species occur in
different conditions in the wild nature. They
came from Circumboreal, Irano-Turanian, and
Eastern Asiatic floristic regions (Yelenevskiy,
1978; Takhtajan, 1978; Kotov et al., 1999). In
ornamental gardening, these unpretentious
plants are appreciated for the extraordinary
beautiful flowers, long-blooming, various
shapes and color of leaves, and high resistance
to diseases and pests. Unfortunately, in the
Kryvyi Rih plantings, these species are not
used due to insufficient information regarding
their ecological preferences and biological
characteristics (Chypylyak et al., 2014).
Investigations of the morphological and
anatomical structure of the plant organs,
Olena Leshcheniuk 1, Tetyana Chipilyak 2
1 Institute of Evolutionary Ecology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lebedeva str. 37, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine;
fedorova8@bigmir.net
2 Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Marshak str. 50, 50089 Krivyi Rih, Ukraine; chipiljak@i.ua
Received: 22.07.2020 | Accepted: 09.09.2020 | Published: 30.12.2020
Abstract
This study’s objective was to evaluate the adaptive potential of the leaves of Veronica (V. austriaca, V. incana,
and V. prostrata) in the arid conditions of the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden NAS of Ukraine (KBG) located in
the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper. Leaves have been obtained from the collection of ornamental plants of
KBG, where these plants are introduced for ten years. The seasonal dynamics of leaf development have
been studied during the growing season of 2018, when the most arid climatic conditions were observed.
The leaves of the investigated species were found to be dorsoventral, amphistomatic, with an anomocytic
stomatal apparatus and bifacial mesophyll. Changes in the anatomical structures of the leaf blade towards
xeromorphism were determined. In particular, in all studied specimens thickening of the cuticle, adaxial
and abaxial epidermises (except V. prostrata, where the upper epidermis decreased by 35 %) mesophyll
occurred. The number of stomata on the abaxial epidermis in all species decreased (the most notably
in V. prostrata). Such increase of xeromorphism in V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata is an adaptive
reaction of plants to the effects of extreme arid weather and climatic conditions of the Kryvorizhzhya,
which testifies to the plasticity of investigated species and their high adaptation potential to the climatic
conditions of the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper.
Keywords: Veronica, anatomy, leaf, plasticity, drought resistance
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2020023
UDC 581.522.4: 581.45 + 582.951. 64 (477.63)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0597-7251
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1180-7534
48 Plant Introduction • 87/88
O. Leshcheniuk, T. Chipilyak
particularly the leaves (as the most labile to
the influence of environmental factors), are
principal for determination of the species’
adaptive capacity (Grodzinskiy, 2013;
Shvets, 2013).
Some morpho-anatomical studies of
Veronica from different growth areas were
performed to standard medicinal raw
materials (Kaplan et al., 2007; Marchyshyn
et al., 2015; Mocan et al., 2015; Antsyshkina
et al., 2017). However, information on the
anatomic and morphological structure of
Veronica leaves in the context of adaptive
plasticity to the conditions of the Right-Bank
Steppe Cisdnieper is absent.
Three Veronica species (V. austriaca,
V. incana, and V. prostrata) with different
biomorphological and decorative features
(Leshcheniuk, 2017, 2018, 2019) that were
introduced at the KBG for over ten years
were selected for the current research. Under
the introduction conditions, V. incana and
V. prostrata belong to the hamephytes, and
V. austriaca to hemicryptophytes (Raunkiaer,
1907). All species are herbaceous polycarpics
(Serebryakov, 1964).
Material and methods
The research was conducted in KBG during
the growing season of 2018. That year was
characterized by the extreme weather-
climatic conditions. The leaves were selected
twice during the growing season – in the first
ten-day period of June during the completion
of the spring regrowth phase (summer
sampling), and in the third ten-day period of
September at the beginning of completion of
vegetative development (autumn sampling).
Sampling in the autumn was preceded by high
temperature during June-August (from 32.5 to
35.3 °C) and the lack of precipitation for a long
time. During summer of 2018, only 71.6 mm of
precipitations fell, which is twice less than the
usual precipitation (160 mm) during this period
in Kryvyi Rih.
We used temporary slides made from
mature leaves to study their anatomical and
morphological structure. Median leaves
formation of 15 plants per each species was
used (Vekhov et al., 1980; Barykina et al.,
2004). Cross-sections were prepared by
hand with a razor on the level of a third of
the leaf’s length. The slides were examined
with Carl Zeiss Primo Star microscope
at ×10, ×20, and ×40 magnifications. The
leaf, epidermis, and mesophyll thickness
was measured at the same distance from
the edge of the leaf and the main vein. The
number of stomata was counted per the
field of view. Stomatal apparatus has been
classified following Baranova (1985). General
morphological characteristics of the leaves
were provided following Zyman et al. (2004).
Measurements were performed in the
AxioVision 4.8.2 environment. Data were
statistically processed through the dispersal
analysis, according to Dospekhov (1985) using
MS Excel 2003.
Figure 1. Trichomes of Veroniva austriaca (A), V. incana (B), and V. prostrata (C) leaves (×4).
B CA
Plant Introduction • 87/88 49
Morpho-anatomical adaptation of Veronica leaves to arid conditions
The introduction area (Kryvorizhzhya) is
located in the southwest of the Dnipropetrovsk
region, in the Steppe natural zone. It belongs
to Ukraine’s arid regions (Kazakov et al.,
2005), where the average precipitation is
425–450 mm per year (with a maximum in
early summer). The rest of the summer is
characterized by prolonged droughts, high
anomalous temperatures, and little or absent
precipitations. In the warm period, dry winds
are observed. The winter has harsh climatic
conditions with icing, water stagnation on
the soil surface, and frequent thaws followed
by short but low freezing temperatures
(–27 – –30 °С). Due to global warming
in recent decades, some meteorological
indicators have changed in the Kryvorizhzhya
(Kazakov et al., 2005; Rp5, 2020). The average
annual temperature increased from +8.5 °С
in 1987 to +10.0 – +11.5 °С in 2014–2018. The
average daily temperature in January–
February increased from –5.1 – –4.4 °С in
1987 to –1.7 – –1.5 °С in 2018. The average daily
temperature of the hottest months, July and
August, also increased from +22 – +21 °С in
1987 to +23.5 – +24.8 °С in 2018. In the summer,
there are prolonged droughts in the presence
of anomalously high temperatures (+36.7 –
+38.1 °С). In general, the climatic conditions
of 2018 were hot and extreme for growing
plants. The increased temperatures were
observed from May (daytime temperature
reached +32.5 – +33.3 °С) till September (with
temperature maximum of +35.3 °С). The annual
precipitation in 2018 was only 364 mm. Only a
few rains felled from April to October, which
led to prolonged air and soil drought during
the vegetation period.
Results and discussion
The leaves of the middle formation of
V. austriaca have ovate or ovate-oblong leaf
blade, with a wedge-shaped or rounded base,
with a toothed margin and a pointed tip,
3.7 ± 0.2 cm long, and 1.7 ± 0.2 cm wide. The
leaf blade of V. incana is lanceolate, small-
toothed, 5.9 ± 0.9 cm long, and 1.8 ± 0.2 cm
wide. The leaf blade of V. prostrata is oblong-
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, with a wedge-
shaped base, crenate margin, and obtuse apex,
2.2 ± 0.4 cm long, and 0.5 ± 0.1 cm wide.
The leaf blade of all studied species
is dorsoventral. The leaves’ upper and
lower surfaces are covered by single- and
multicellular covering trichomes, at the base of
which two or three-celled rosettes are located.
In V. austriaca there are also four-celled
rosettes at the base of trichomes. The longest
covering trichomes having sharp tips are
bent to the leaf surface. The highest number
of trichomes has been observed in V. incana
(Fig. 1). In all investigated species, besides
covering trichomes, there are also glandular
hairs. In V. prostrata they are clavate, with a
unicellular elongated stem and bicellular head.
The leaves’ upper and lower epidermises
consist of a single layer of cells with highly
convoluted walls. The adaxial epidermis cells,
Figure 2. Aadaxial epidermis of Veroniva austriaca (A), V. incana (B), and V. prostrata (C) leaves.
B CA
50 Plant Introduction • 87/88
O. Leshcheniuk, T. Chipilyak
which are covered with a cristate cuticle,
are smaller than those located on the abaxial
surface (almost 50% in the V. austriaca,
and V. incana and 21% – in the V. prostrata)
(Table 1; Fig. 2). The leaves of the investigated
species are amphistomatic, usual for
xerophytes and mesophytes that grow in arid
conditions (Vasilevskaya, 1965). The stomata
of the anomocytic type, oval or spherical-oval,
granose, located randomly on the adaxial and
abaxial sides of the leaf blade on the same
level as other epidermal cells. Same as other
epidermal cells, stomata are also smaller on
the adaxial surface of the leaf blade.
The mesophyll is bifacial. Palisade
parenchyma, which consists of 2–3 layers of
elongated cells, is located under the upper
epidermis.
Below the palisade cells, a two- or three-
layered spongy parenchyma is formed by
ovate cells, which are located loosely in early
summer and more densely in the autumn.
Among the mesophyll cells, idioblasts with
calcium oxalate raphides are scattered. Such
raphides have a protective function and
help to scatter light, which protects plants
against excessive insolation and overheating
(Nakata, 2003; Franceschi & Nakata, 2005;
López-Macías et al., 2019). Open collateral
vascular bundles are accompanied by the
parenchymatic lining (Fig. 3).
Due to the temperature stress and
prolonged air-soil drought in 2018, quantitative
and functional changes in the leaf blade’s
anatomical structures of investigated plants
occurred. V. austriaca has undergone the
slightest changes compared to other species.
The thickness of the leaf blade in V. austriaca
from the beginning of summer to the end of
September increased by 8 %, and mesophyll
– by 6 %. The thickness of the cuticle and the
adaxial epidermis in V. austriaca increased the
most (by 12 and 11 %, respectively). At the same
time, the thickness of the abaxial epidermis
in this species increased only by 5 %. The size
of stomata on the adaxial surface during the
growing season did not change significantly.
However, the size of the stomata on the abaxial
surface decreased by 8 %. The number of
stomata did not change significantly (Table 1).
Among the investigated species, the most
significant thickening of the cuticle (40 %),
adaxial (60 %), and abaxial (27 %) epidermises
was recorded in V. incana plants (Table 1).
The thickness of the leaf blade and mesophyll
increased by 20 %. By the end of the growing
season, palisade mesophyll obtained a more
compact structure. The size of stomata on the
adaxial surface increased by 8 %. However,
the stomata on the abaxial side became much
smaller by 13 %. The number of stomata on the
abaxial epidermis simultaneously decreased
by 38 %.
Veronica prostrata demonstrated certain
features of adaptation to the prolonged hot
and dry period. At the beginning of summer,
the mesophyll in this species had no clear
distinction between palisade and spongiform
parenchymas and was represented by loosely
placed cells. However, at the end of the
B CA
Figure 3. Cross-section of Veronica leaf blade in the central vein area: A – V. austriaca; B – V. incana; C –
V. prostrata (×20). 1 – adaxial epidermis; 2 – abaxial epidermis; 3 – mesophyll; 4 – central vein.
Plant Introduction • 87/88 51
Morpho-anatomical adaptation of Veronica leaves to arid conditions
growing season, the mesophyll had a clear
differentiation into 2–3-layered palisade
parenchyma with elongated, tightly arranged,
cylindrical cells and 2–3-layered spongy
parenchyma constructed by roundish cells.
The thickness of the mesophyll and the leaf
blade in general increased by 35 % (Table 1),
which is the most notable among the studied
species. The cuticle in V. prostrata thickened
only by 8 %, but its size was the largest among
the species studied both in early summer and
autumn – 7.5 and 8.1 μm, respectively. The
adaxial epidermis, unlikely to other species,
became 35 % thinner. The number of stomata
decreased by 77 %, their size on the adaxial
surface – decreased by 7 %, and on the abaxial
surface – by 18 %. We believe that such changes
in the anatomical structure of leaf blade are
an adaptive response of plants to the effects
of hot and dry conditions and contribute to
the regulation of gas exchange, protection
of plants from overheating and excessive
transpiration (Esau, 1969).
Conclusions
The leaves’ anatomical and morphological
features may indicate adaptation of
V. austriaca, V. incana, V. prostrata species
to the arid climate of Kryvorizhzhya. In
all investigated species, the increase of
xeromorphic features (thickening of the leaf
blade, mesophyll, cuticle, and epidermis, as
well as changes of the stomatal indices and
the arrangement of mesophyll cells) has been
observed.
The most significant changes in the
anatomical structure of the leaf were
observed in V. prostrata. Veronica incana
was characterized by the most numerous
trichomes and the most significant thickening
of the cuticle, adaxial and abaxial epidermis.
The slightest changes in the anatomical
structure of the leaf blade were observed in
V. austriaca plants. The revealed changes in
the leaf structure of the investigated Veronica
species can be considered an adaptive
response of plants to the effects of extreme
Parameters Sampling
time
V. austriaca V. incana V. prostrata
M ± m CV, % M ± m CV, % M ± m CV, %
The thickness of the leaf
blade, µm
summer 184.5 ± 5.0 12.3 203.1 ± 3.7 9.1 284.0 ± 5.7 10.6
autumn 200.9 ± 7.3 18.2 245.3 ± 3.6 7.4 385.3 ± 9.7 12.6
Cuticle thickness, μm summer 4.8 ± 0.5 25.4 3.9 ± 0.2 22.3 7.5 ± 0.3 20.7
autumn 5.4 ± 0.2 21.5 5.4 ± 0.3 20.1 8.1 ± 0.6 22.6
The thickness of adaxial
epidermis, μm
summer 8.9 ± 0.8 15.4 9.0 ± 0.3 15.3 18.5 ± 0.8 20.9
autumn 10.4 ± 0.3 12.3 14.4 ± 0.6 21.2 11.7 ± 0.3 11.4
The thickness of abaxial
epidermis, μm
summer 16.8 ± 0.9 15 17.3 ± 0.6 17.1 23.3 ± 0.7 14.8
autumn 17.6 ± 0.6 13.4 22.0 ± 0.6 12.9 23.1 ± 0.3 6.1
The thickness of the
mesophyll, μm
summer 131.3 ± 1.9 7.1 146.9 ± 2.3 7.9 199.6 ± 4.1 10.3
autumn 139.7 ± 3.3 11.9 172.0 ± 2.3 6.7 278.4 ± 9.6 17.3
Sizes of stomata on adaxial
surface (length / width),
μm
summer 28.8 ± 0.7 /
19.7 ± 0.8 11.4 / 9.6 24.9 ± 0.4 /
20.3 ± 0.3 8.7 / 6.7 26.9 ± 0.2 /
25.8 ± 0.3 9.5 / 11.4
autumn 29.7 ± 0.5 /
20.1 ± 0.4 9.6 / 7.6 27.2 ± 0.1 /
21.8 ± 0.4 5.7 / 7.9 26.3 ± 0.9 /
24.1 ± 0.1 11.7 / 9.9
Sizes of stomata on abaxial
surface (length / width),
μm
summer 30.8 ± 0.7 /
21.9 ± 0.5 13.5 / 9.6 27.5 ± 0.5 /
17.6 ± 0.5 11.3 / 11.2 29.8 ± 0.5 /
22.2 ± 0.6 8.5 / 13.8
autumn 28.4 ± 0.5 /
22.4 ± 0.4 9.6 / 8.5 23.9 ± 0.2 /
17.1 ± 0.4 5.1 / 10.8 24.3 ± 0.7 /
18.1 ± 0.4 13.6 / 11.9
Table 1. Morphometric parameters of the leaf blade in the investigated Veronica species.
Note. summer – first ten days of June; autumn – last ten days of September; M ± m – the arithmetic mean
and standard deviation; CV – coefficient of variation.
52 Plant Introduction • 87/88
O. Leshcheniuk, T. Chipilyak
arid climatic conditions. This indicates
the plasticity of the investigated Veronica
species and their adaptation potential to
the conditions of the Right-Bank Steppe
Cisdnieper.
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Plant Introduction • 87/88 53
Morpho-anatomical adaptation of Veronica leaves to arid conditions
Морфо-анатомічна адаптація листків окремих видів Veronica до посушливих умов
Олена Лещенюк 1, Тетяна Чипиляк 2
1 Інститут еволюційної екології НАН України, вул. Лебедєва, 37, Київ, 03143, Україна;
fedorova8@bigmir.net
2 Криворізький ботанічний сад НАН України, вул. Маршака, 50, Кривий Ріг, 50089, Україна;
chipiljak@i.ua
З метою визначення адаптаційного потенціалу досліджено морфо-анатомічну структуру листка
трьох видів роду Veronica (V. austriaca, V. incana та V. prostrata) за умов вирощування у Криворізькому
ботанічному саду НАН України (КБС), що розташований у кліматичних умовах Правобережного
степового Придніпров’я. Матеріал отримали з колекційного фонду квітниково-декоративних рослин
КБС, де згадані види інтродуковано впродовж десяти років. Сезонну динаміку вивчали протягом
вегетаційного періоду 2018 року, який характеризувався найпосушливішими умовами.
Виявлено, що рослини досліджуваних видів добре пристосовані до зростання в посушливих і
спекотних умовах, про що свідчать ксероморфні риси анатомічної будови листків, зокрема: розвинуті
опушення та кутикула, рафіди оксалату кальцію, амфістоматичний тип листкової пластинки, а також
диференційований мезофіл. Виявлено, що в умовах дефіциту вологи та за високої температури
у рослин V. austriaca, V. incana та V. prostrata відбувалося посилення ознак ксероморфності, а саме:
потовщення шару кутикули й обидвох епідермісів (за винятком V. prostrata), зменшення розмірів
продихів та їхньої кількості на нижньому епідермісі листкової пластинки, ущільнення клітин
палісадного та губчастого мезофілів. Такі кількісні й якісні зміни структури листкової пластинки
можна розглядати як пристосувальну реакцію рослин на дію екстремальних посушливих погодно-
кліматичних умов, що свідчить про пластичність досліджених видів та їхній високий адаптаційний
потенціал в умовах Правобережного степового Придніпров’я.
Ключові слова: Veronica, анатомія, листок, пластичність, посухостійкість
Takhtajan, A. L. (1978). Floristic regions of the world.
Leningrad: Nauka. (In Russian)
Vasilevskaya, V. K. (1965). Structural adaptations
of hot and cold deserts of Middle Asia and
Kazakhstan. Problems of Modern Botany, 2, 5–17.
(In Russian)
Vekhov, V. N., Lotova, L. I., & Filin, V. R. (1980).
Workshop on the anatomy and morphology of higher
plants. Moscow: MSU. (In Russian)
Yelenevskiy, A. G. (1978). Systematics and geography
of veronics of the USSR and the neighboring countries.
Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian)
Zyman, S. M., Mosyakin, S. L., Bulakh, O. V.,
Tsarenko, O. M., & Fel’baba-Klushyna, L. M.
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| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1579 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/5e/754cb9fdac550b5d8937843bad0a6c5e.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-15792023-08-26T20:39:33Z Morpho-anatomical adaptation of the leaves of certain Veronica species to arid conditions Морфо-анатомічна адаптація листків окремих видів Veronica до посушливих умов Leshcheniuk, Olena Chipilyak, Tetyana This study’s objective was to evaluate the adaptive potential of the leaves of Veronica (V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata) in the arid conditions of the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden NAS of Ukraine (KBG) located in the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper. Leaves have been obtained from the collection of ornamental plants of KBG, where these plants are introduced for ten years. The seasonal dynamics of leaf development have been studied during the growing season of 2018, when the most arid climatic conditions were observed.The leaves of the investigated species were found to be dorsoventral, amphistomatic, with an anomocytic stomatal apparatus and bifacial mesophyll. Changes in the anatomical structures of the leaf blade towards xeromorphism were determined. In particular, in all studied specimens thickening of the cuticle, adaxial and abaxial epidermises (except V. prostrata, where the upper epidermis decreased by 35 %) mesophyll occurred. The number of stomata on the abaxial epidermis in all species decreased (the most notably in V. prostrata). Such increase of xeromorphism in V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata is an adaptive reaction of plants to the effects of extreme arid weather and climatic conditions of the Kryvorizhzhya, which testifies to the plasticity of investigated species and their high adaptation potential to the climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper. З метою визначення адаптаційного потенціалу досліджено морфо-анатомічну структуру листка трьох видів роду Veronica (V. austriaca, V. incana та V. prostrata) за умов вирощування у Криворізькому ботанічному саду НАН України (КБС), що розташований у кліматичних умовах Правобережного степового Придніпров’я. Матеріал отримали з колекційного фонду квітниково-декоративних рослин КБС, де згадані види інтродуковано впродовж десяти років. Сезонну динаміку вивчали протягом вегетаційного періоду 2018 року, який характеризувався найпосушливішими умовами.Виявлено, що рослини досліджуваних видів добре пристосовані до зростання в посушливих і спекотних умовах, про що свідчать ксероморфні риси анатомічної будови листків, зокрема: розвинуті опушення та кутикула, рафіди оксалату кальцію, амфістоматичний тип листкової пластинки, а також диференційований мезофіл. Виявлено, що в умовах дефіциту вологи та за високої температури у рослин V. austriaca, V. incana та V. prostrata відбувалося посилення ознак ксероморфності, а саме: потовщення шару кутикули й обидвох епідермісів (за винятком V. prostrata), зменшення розмірів продихів та їхньої кількості на нижньому епідермісі листкової пластинки, ущільнення клітин палісадного та губчастого мезофілів. Такі кількісні й якісні зміни структури листкової пластинки можна розглядати як пристосувальну реакцію рослин на дію екстремальних посушливих погодно-кліматичних умов, що свідчить про пластичність досліджених видів та їхній високий адаптаційний потенціал в умовах Правобережного степового Придніпров’я. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2020-12-30 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1579 10.46341/PI2020023 Plant Introduction; No 87/88 (2020); 47-53 Інтродукція Рослин; № 87/88 (2020); 47-53 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI87-88 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1579/1498 Copyright (c) 2020 Olena Leshcheniuk, Tetyana Chipilyak http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Leshcheniuk, Olena Chipilyak, Tetyana Морфо-анатомічна адаптація листків окремих видів Veronica до посушливих умов |
| title | Морфо-анатомічна адаптація листків окремих видів Veronica до посушливих умов |
| title_alt | Morpho-anatomical adaptation of the leaves of certain Veronica species to arid conditions |
| title_full | Морфо-анатомічна адаптація листків окремих видів Veronica до посушливих умов |
| title_fullStr | Морфо-анатомічна адаптація листків окремих видів Veronica до посушливих умов |
| title_full_unstemmed | Морфо-анатомічна адаптація листків окремих видів Veronica до посушливих умов |
| title_short | Морфо-анатомічна адаптація листків окремих видів Veronica до посушливих умов |
| title_sort | морфо-анатомічна адаптація листків окремих видів veronica до посушливих умов |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1579 |
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