Вміст флавоноїдів у Cosmos sulphureus
Flavonols, anthocyanins, and chalcones were determined during the flowering phase in two genotypes of Cosmos sulphureus (regular species and its cultivar ‘Cosmic Orang’) grown in the М.М. Gryshko National Botanical Garden in Kyiv. Inflorescences, leaves, stems, roots, and separated ray...
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2021 |
|---|---|
| Автори: | , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
| Опубліковано: |
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2021
|
| Онлайн доступ: | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1584 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Plant Introduction |
| Завантажити файл: |  |
Репозитарії
Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860145107279282176 |
|---|---|
| author | Andrushchenko, Olena Levon, Volodymyr |
| author_facet | Andrushchenko, Olena Levon, Volodymyr |
| author_sort | Andrushchenko, Olena |
| baseUrl_str | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2023-08-26T20:39:20Z |
| description | Flavonols, anthocyanins, and chalcones were determined during the flowering phase in two genotypes of Cosmos sulphureus (regular species and its cultivar ‘Cosmic Orang’) grown in the М.М. Gryshko National Botanical Garden in Kyiv. Inflorescences, leaves, stems, roots, and separated ray and disc florets were dried and crushed to prepare extracts following three different techniques. In particular, with 80 % (v/v) ethanol following Andreeva & Kalinkina (2000), 3.5 % HCl following Kriventsov (1982), and 0.1 N HCl following Udovenko (1988). The absorbance of flavonoids was measured at 390 nm wavelength for flavonols, 530 nm – for anthocyanins, and 364 nm – for chalcones. The highest content of flavonols was found in inflorescences of both genotypes (87.79 ± 1.64 and 87.99 ± 1.75 mg / 100 g of dry weight (DW), respectively). The content of anthocyanins was found to be ranked by overground organs: inflorescences > leaves > stems. In particular, the content of anthocyanins in the inflorescences of these two genotypes was 188.95 ± 5.20 and 177.14 ± 6.81 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the leaves, the content of anthocyanins was 61.32 ± 1.97 and 41.33 ± 2.27 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the stems, the content of anthocyanins was 31.63 ± 1.16 and 25.31 ± 0.95 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the roots, the anthocyanins were not detected. Among the flavonoids, the highest content, in general, was found for anthocyanins. Similarly, chalcones were also localized in overground organs only and mostly in the inflorescences (39.65 ± 1.25 and 37.93 ± 0.88 mg / 100 g DW, respectively). The content of chalcones in the leaves and stems was much lower than the content of the anthocyanins and flavonols; it significantly varied for two investigated genotypes. During the detailed investigation of the flavonoids content in different parts of the inflorescence, it was found that disc florets in both genotypes had fewer flavonoids than the ray florets. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2021003 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:54Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Plant Introduction, 89/90, 83–88 (2021)
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
The content of flavonoids in Cosmos sulphureus
Olena Andrushchenko *, Volodymyr Levon
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tymiryazevska str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine;
* novaflora@ukr.net
Received: 22.01.2021 | Accepted: 09.04.2021 | Published online: 28.04.2021
Abstract
Flavonols, anthocyanins, and chalcones were determined during the flowering phase in two genotypes
of Cosmos sulphureus (regular species and its cultivar ‘Cosmic Orang’) grown in the М.М. Gryshko National
Botanical Garden in Kyiv. Inflorescences, leaves, stems, roots, and separated ray and disc florets were
dried and crushed to prepare extracts following three different techniques. In particular, with 80 % (v/v)
ethanol following Andreeva & Kalinkina (2000), 3.5 % HCl following Kriventsov (1982), and 0.1 N HCl
following Udovenko (1988). The absorbance of flavonoids was measured at 390 nm wavelength for
flavonols, 530 nm – for anthocyanins, and 364 nm – for chalcones. The highest content of flavonols was
found in inflorescences of both genotypes (87.79 ± 1.64 and 87.99 ± 1.75 mg / 100 g of dry weight (DW),
respectively). The content of anthocyanins was found to be ranked by overground organs: inflorescences
> leaves > stems. In particular, the content of anthocyanins in the inflorescences of these two genotypes
was 188.95 ± 5.20 and 177.14 ± 6.81 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the leaves, the content of anthocyanins
was 61.32 ± 1.97 and 41.33 ± 2.27 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the stems, the content of anthocyanins
was 31.63 ± 1.16 and 25.31 ± 0.95 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the roots, the anthocyanins were not
detected. Among the flavonoids, the highest content, in general, was found for anthocyanins. Similarly,
chalcones were also localized in overground organs only and mostly in the inflorescences (39.65 ± 1.25 and
37.93 ± 0.88 mg / 100 g DW, respectively). The content of chalcones in the leaves and stems was much lower
than the content of the anthocyanins and flavonols; it significantly varied for two investigated genotypes.
During the detailed investigation of the flavonoids content in different parts of the inflorescence, it was
found that disc florets in both genotypes had fewer flavonoids than the ray florets.
Keywords: Cosmos sulphureus, flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanins, chalcones
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2021003
UDC 582.998.1:[547.972.3+547.973]
Authors’ contributions: O. Andrushchenko developed the research concept, interpreted the results, wrote the manuscript, and
formulated conclusions. V. Levon was engaged in the preparation and conduct of the biochemical analyzes, writing the methodological
part of the research and statistical processing of the experimental data.
Funding: The work has been conducted according to the research program of the Department of the Cultural Flora of the
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden “Fundamental principles of the introduction of new useful plants in the conditions of
climate change” (state registration number 0119U001029).
Competing Interests: The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Introduction
Cosmos sulphureus Cav. (Asteraceae) originates
from Central and South America. It is used as an
edible plant in its original range of distribution
and in Asia, where it was first introduced as
ornamental (Fernald & Kinsey, 2012; Kaisoon
et al., 2012; de Morais et al., 2020). The
inflorescences of C. sulphureus are the best
investigated and also are most often used in
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-6862
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-9984
84 Plant Introduction • 89/90
O. Andrushchenko, V. Levon
food (Fernald & Kinsey, 2012), for treatment
(Botsaris, 2007; Saleem et al., 2019), and dyeing
(Jansen, 2005; Kale et al., 2006; Sabatini et al.,
2020). Cosmos sulphureus inflorescences were
used in traditional Native American culture
as a bright dye preserved on 2000-year-
old wool products (Sabatini et al., 2020).
Application of these plants in the traditional
household was possible primarily due to the
high content of flavonoids. Inflorescences
of C. sulphureus contain quercetin, which
Saleem et al. (2019) considered the cause of
hepatoprotective properties of this plant.
Myricetin, kaempferol, rutin, and apigenin,
having an immuno-protective function, were
reported for C. sulphureus (Cavaiuolo et al.,
2013). Different subgroups of other flavonoids,
including cosmonidin (antocianidin), sulfuretin
(auron), quercetin (flavonol), luteolin (flavon),
butein (chalcone) and eriodictyol (flavanon)
are represented in these plants too (Iwashina
et al., 2019). However, the distribution of
flavonoids in different overground organs and
parts of the inflorescence of C. sulphureus is
not sufficiently elucidated.
Material and methods
Material sampling
The plants of regular species of C. sulphureus
and its cultivar ‘Cosmic Orang’ were chosen
for the investigation due to the different
coloration of the ray florets and their
number per inflorescence (Fig. 1). The color
of ray florets was determined by the Royal
Horticultural Society’s Colour Chart (2007).
In the regular C. sulphureus, it corresponded
to orange group N25B; in the cultivar ‘Cosmic
Orang’, it has an orange leading tone (N25B)
with orange-red stripes (N30A).
The analyzed plants were grown in the open
soil of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical
Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Plant material
was collected in the flowering phase (the first
ten days of August) in sunny weather. After
that, it was segregated onto the inflorescences,
leaves, stems, and roots. The vegetative parts
were ground. The inflorescences were divided
into two fractions (ray and disc florets) to
explore and compare the composition of
flavonoids in the ray and disc florets. All
material was dried at +35 °C using an electric
dryer Ezidri Ultra FD1000.
Determination of flavonols
Quantitative determination of flavonols was
carried out according to a technique based on
their ability to form a colored complex with
an alcoholic solution of aluminum chloride,
which causes a bathochromic shift in the
long-wave absorption band and, at the same
time, gives the main maximum absorption
BA
Figure 1. Inflorescence of regular Cosmos sulphureus (A) and C. sulphureus ‘Cosmic Orange’ (B).
Plant Introduction • 89/90 85
The content of flavonoids in Cosmos sulphureus
at a wavelength of 390 nm. The mixture of
solutions of aluminum chloride and acetic
acid served as a control (Andreeva & Kalinkina,
2000). The absorbance of the studied solutions
was measured using Zalimp KF 77 (Poland)
spectrophotometer. The number of parallel
measurements was three. The obtained data
were presented in mg / 100 g of dry weight
(DW) in terms of rutin.
To determine the content of flavonols,
an analytical sample (0.2–0.3 g) was ground,
transferred to a flask with 3 ml of 80 % (v/v)
ethanol, and heated under a reflux condenser
for 45 min in a water bath. After that, the flask
was cooled to room temperature, and the
suspension was filtered through a paper filter
into a 100 ml volumetric flask. The resulting
solution was brought to the mark with 80 %
(v/v) ethanol (solution A). Next, 2 ml of
solution A was placed in a 25 ml volumetric
flask, 1 ml of a 2 % (w/v) solution of aluminum
chloride in 95 % (v/v) ethanol was added, and
the volume of the solution was brought to the
mark with 95 % (v/v) ethanol. The absorbance
of the solution was measured after 20 min at
390 nm in a cuvette with a layer thickness of
10 mm.
Determination of anthocyanins
The content of anthocyanins was determined
spectrophotometrically at 530 nm wavelength,
using ethanol extraction from a homogenate
of plant raw material acidified with 3.5 % HCl
(Kriventsov, 1982). The number of parallel
determinations was three. The data obtained
were presented as mg / 100 g of DW in terms
of cyanidin glycosides.
Determination of chalcones
Determination of chalcones was performed
spectrophotometrically following the
modified protocol of Udovenko (1988). For
analysis, a sample of 0.2 g was taken, ground,
filled with 0.1 N HCl solution, and infused for
two hours with periodic shaking. After that,
the solution was drained into a dry test tube
and centrifuged at 2 K rpm for 2–3 min. The
absorbance of the solution was measured
at 364 nm wavelength. Due to the high
absorbance, the initial solution was diluted
five times with 0.1 N HCl. The number of
parallel determinations was three.
Statistical analysis
Statistically processed data are presented as
arithmetic means and their standard deviation.
The significance level was set at α = 0.05. The
statistical analysis was performed with IBM
SPSS Statistics, release 26.0.0.1.
Results and discussion
Flavonoids is a large group of biologically active
compounds, mainly dissolved in plant cell sap
and chloroplasts (Kovaliov, 2019). The most
common and diverse group of flavonoids are
flavonols, exhibiting strong dyeing properties
(Jansen, 2005). Quercetin is one of the well-
known representatives of flavonols (Іvashkiv,
2010). This group also includes kaempferol
and myricetin, present in C. sulphureus plants
(Cavaiuolo et al., 2013).
The inflorescences of investigated plants
had the highest content of flavonols (Table 1).
Moreover, it was similar for both genotypes
despite the coloration difference. Other
plants’ parts contained a significantly lower
amount of flavonols. Their content in the
roots was the lowest, almost twice lower than
in the leaves.
Compounds from the anthocyanin group
usually give plants a blue, red, or pink color
(Kovaliov, 2019). Their availability in the
plant parts can be determined visually.
For example, Saito (1979) showed that
cosmocyanin could be isolated only from
the colored corollas of C. bipinnatus Cav. In
colorless floral parts, cosmocyanin was not
detected. The availability of anthocyanins
in the varieties of C. atrosanguineus (Hook.)
Voss was investigated by Amamiya & Iwashina
(2016). Inflorescences of C. bipinnatus
and C. atrosanguineus are pinkish-purple,
while the inflorescence of C. sulphureus has
orange pigmentation, not characteristic
for anthocyanins. Hence, it is not possible
to determine these compounds directly by
pigmentation, although in the vegetative
phase of development on the leaves’ petioles,
purple color is noticeable. Moreover,
recently, Iwashina et al. (2019) isolated a new
compound of this group, cosmonidin, from
the inflorescences of C. sulphureus.
Anthocyanins were localized only in the
overground parts of the studied plants and
86 Plant Introduction • 89/90
O. Andrushchenko, V. Levon
were not found in the roots. Their most
considerable content was also found in the
inflorescences and was much lower in the
stems and leaves (Table 1).
Butein is known from the group of chalcones
in C. sulphureus (Shimokoriyama & Hattori,
1953; Iwashina et al., 2019). In our investigation,
chalcones were found in all overground
organs (Table 1). Chalcones predominated in
the inflorescences and differed slightly in the
two investigated genotypes. In the leaves and
stems of both samples, their amount gradually
lowered, and in the roots they were absent at
all. In contrast, Saito (1979) found no butein
in the leaves and colorless floral parts of
C. bipinnatus.
It was shown that all studied types of
compounds have the highest concentration
in the inflorescences. Therefore, they are
the most suitable for use as raw material.
The cultivar ‘Cosmic Orange’ has florets with
distinctly more intense color. However, none of
the groups of flavonoids we examined affected
the color intensity. The content of flavonols was
close in both genotypes, while anthocyanins
and even chalcones predominated in the
genotype with lighter florets. Therefore, it
was necessary to determine how flavonols,
anthocyanins, and chalcones are distributed
in different types of florets within a single
genotype. Ray florets were found to have the
highest content of flavonoids (Table 2). At the
same time, disc florets contained relatively
high of flavonoids too.
Moreover, according to our observations,
each inflorescence has about nine ray and
49 disc florets. The average dry weight of
one floret is 4.1 mg and 1.7 mg, respectively.
Hence, the total weight of ray florets per
inflorescence is about 38 mg, and disk florets
– about 84 mg (DW). As a result, disc florets
predominate more than two times. Therefore,
disc florets are a significant component of
plant raw materials of this species despite the
lower content of flavonoids. At the same time,
leaves containing all investigated flavonoids
can be preferred as raw material for food,
particularly to enrich the diet with biologically
valuable compounds.
The study of the content of flavonoids
in certain parts of C. sulphureus allows
developing different ways of plant biomass
use. Depending on the area of consumption
(pharmaceutical, food, dyeing, etc.), it can be
preferred to harvest the separated parts of
the plant or its completely aboveground mass.
If the production conditions allow harvesting
by hand, it is possible to expect the maximum
yield of all inflorescences produced by plants
during the floreting period (60–80 days).
Under machine harvesting, raw materials will
include inflorescences, leaves, and stems.
Their number and ratio will depend on several
factors, such as the phase of development, the
height of the cut biomass, etc.
Knowledge of the redistribution of
flavonoid compounds in different parts
of the plant can be essential because of
Samples Color of ray florets Inflorescences Leaves Stems Roots
Flavonols
C. sulphureus Orange 87.79 ± 3.41 26.14 ± 2.02 9.10 ± 0.76 12.90 ± 0.76
C. sulphureus
‘Cosmic Orange’ Red-orange 87.99 ± 3.41 12.74 ± 0.76 10.62 ± 0.76 6.54 ± 0.82
Anthocyanins
C. sulphureus Orange 188.95 ± 11.80 61.32 ± 3.41 31.63 ± 1.52 n.d.
C. sulphureus
‘Cosmic Orange’ Red-orange 177.14 ± 11.80 41.33 ± 3.93 25.31 ± 2.02 n.d.
Chalcones
C. sulphureus Orange 39.65 ± 2.16 16.34 ± 0.92 4.55 ± 0.44 n.d.
C. sulphureus
‘Cosmic Orange’ Red-orange 37.93 ± 1.52 8.50 ± 0.71 2.28 ± 0.44 n.d.
Table 1. The content of flavonoids in different organs of Cosmos sulphureus, mg / 100 g DW.
Note. n.d. – not detected in the determination conditions.
Plant Introduction • 89/90 87
The content of flavonoids in Cosmos sulphureus
Flavonoids Ray florets Disk florets
Flavonols 95.58 ± 2.66 88.23 ± 3.27
Anthocyanins 210.35 ± 2.66 149.89 ± 6.81
Chalcones 41.15 ± 1.33 34.31 ± 1.63
Table 2. The content of flavonoids in the florets
of Cosmos sulphureus, depending on their type,
mg / 100 g DW.
human consumption needs and provide
helpful information for understanding the
physiological processes of C. sulphureus.
Conclusions
Flavonols are present in all organs of
Cosmos sulphureus, while anthocyanins
and chalcones available only from the
overground parts of these plants. The highest
concentration of flavonoids was observed in
inflorescences, in particular in the ray florets.
Anthocyanins are the most distributed
component of flavonoids in the leaves. The
presence of flavonoids determines the value
of leaves’ mass as a raw material for food
and enrichment of the diet with biologically
valuable compounds. Flavonols, chalcones,
and especially anthocyanins are more
available in ray florets than in disc florets.
References
Amamiya, K., & Iwashina, T. (2016). Qualitative
and quantitative analysis of flower
pigments in Chocolate Cosmos, Cosmos
atrosanguineus and its hybrids. Natural Product
Communication, 11(1), 77–78. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1934578X1601100122
Andreeva, V. Y., & Kalinkina, G. I. (2000).
Development of a method for the quantitative
determination of flavonoids in the lady’s-mantle
Alhcemilla vulgaris L. s.l. Khimija Rastitel’nogo Syr’ja,
1, 85–88. (In Russian)
Botsaris, A. S. (2007). Plants used traditionally
to treat malaria in Brazil: the archives of
Flora Medicinal. Journal of Ethnobiology
and Ethnomedicine, 3(18), 1–8. https://doi.
org/10.1186/1746-4269-3-18
Cavaiuolo, M., Cocetta, G., & Ferrante, A. (2013).
The antioxidants changes in ornamental
flowers during development and senescence.
Antioxidants, 2, 132–155. https://doi.org/10.3390/
antiox2030132
de Morais, J. S., Sant’Ana, A. S., Dantas, A.
M., Silva, B. S., Lima, M. S., Borges, G. C., &
Magnani, M. (2020). Antioxidant activity and
bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in
white, red, blue, purple, yellow and orange
edible flowers through a simulated intestinal
barrier. Food Research International, 131,
Article 109046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
foodres.2020.109046
Fernald, M. L., & Kinsey, A. C. (2012). Edible wild plants
of Eastern North America. Courier Corporation.
Ivashkiv, L. Y. (2010). New classes of meal ingredients
and its functional properties. Nutrition Problems,
23(3–4), 61–66. (In Ukrainian)
Iwashina, T., Amamiya, K., Kamo, T., Kitajima, J.,
Mizuno, T., Uehara, A., & Koizuka, N. (2019).
2’-Hydroxylated 3-Deoxyanthocyanin from the
flowers of Cosmos sulphureus cultivars. Natural
Product Communications, 14(9), 1–4. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1934578X19876219
Jansen, P. C. M. (2005). Cosmos sulphureus Cav. In:
P. C. M. Jansen, & D. Cardon (Eds.), PROTA (Plant
Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de
l’Afrique tropicale). https://uses.plantnet-project.
org/en/Cosmos_sulphureus_(PROTA)
Kaisoon, O., Konczak, I., & Siriamornpun, S. (2012).
Potential health enhancing properties of edible
flowers from Thailand. Food Research International,
46(2), 563–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
foodres.2011.06.016
Kale, S., Naik, S., & Deodhar, S. (2006). Utilization of
Cosmos sulphureus Cav. flower dye on wool using
mordant combination. Natural Product Radiance,
5(1), 19–24.
Kovaliov, V. M. (2019). Flavonoids. In Pharmaceutical
encyclopedia. National University of Pharmacy.
(In Ukrainian). https://www.pharmencyclopedia.
com.ua/article/408/flavonoidi
Kriventsov, V. I. (1982). Methodical recommendations
for the analysis of fruits for biochemical composition.
State Nikita Botanical Garden. (In Russian)
Sabatini, F., Bacigalupo, M., Degano, I., Javer, A.,
& Hacke, M. (2020). Revealing the organic dye
and mordant composition of Paracas textiles by
a combined analytical approach. Heritage Science,
8, Article 122, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/
s40494-020-00461-5
Saito, K. (1979). Quantitative variation of
flavonoids and related compounds in Cosmos
bipinnatus. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae,
42(2), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.5586/
asbp.1979.026
https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1601100122
https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1601100122
https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-3-18
https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-3-18
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox2030132
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox2030132
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109046
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109046
https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X19876219
https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X19876219
https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Cosmos_sulphureus_(PROTA)
https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Cosmos_sulphureus_(PROTA)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.06.016
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.06.016
https://www.pharmencyclopedia.com.ua/article/408/flavonoidi
https://www.pharmencyclopedia.com.ua/article/408/flavonoidi
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-020-00461-5
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-020-00461-5
https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1979.026
https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1979.026
88 Plant Introduction • 89/90
O. Andrushchenko, V. Levon
Вміст флавоноїдів у Cosmos sulphureus
Олена Андрущенко *, Володимир Левон
Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Тимірязєвська, 1, Київ, 01014,
Україна; * novaflora@ukr.net
Флавоноли, антоціани та халкони визначали протягом фази квітування у рослин Cosmos sulphureus
двох генотипів (C. sulphureus та C. sulphureus ‘Cosmic Orang’), культивованих в Національному
ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України. Суцвіття, листки, стебла, корені, а також окремо
крайові та дискові квітки сушили та подрібнювали для приготування витягів згідно трьох різних
методик. Зокрема, витяги готували з 80 % етиловим спиртом згідно Andreeva & Kalinkina (2000),
3,5 % соляною кислотою згідно Kriventsov (1982) та 0,1 N соляною кислотою згідно Udovenko (1988).
Визначення флавонолів проводили спектрофотометричним методом, вимірюючи поглинання при
довжині хвилі 390 нм для флавонолів, 530 нм – для антоцианів і 364 нм – для халконів. Найвищий вміст
флавонолів було виявлено у суцвіттях обидвох генотипів (87,79 ± 1,64 і 87,99 ± 1,75 мг / 100 г сухої
ваги, відповідно). Вміст антоцианів ранжується за локалізацією: суцвіття > листки > стебла. Зокрема,
найвищий вміст антоцианів було виявлено у суцвіттях (188,95 ± 5,20 та 177,14 ± 6,81 мг / 100 г сухої
ваги, відповідно для двох досліджених генотипів C. sulphureus). У листках вміст антоцианів становив
61,32 ± 1,97 та 41,33 ± 2,27 мг / 100 г сухої ваги, відповідно. У стеблах, вміст антоцианів становив
31,63 ± 1,16 та 25,31 ± 0,95 мг / 100 г сухої ваги, відповідно. У коренях антоциани не виявлено. При
цьому, серед проаналізованих флавоноїдів, найбільшим вмістом відрізнялися саме антоциани.
Подібним чином, халкони було виявлено лише у надземних органах. Найбільша їх кількість
зосереджена у суцвіттях (39,65 ± 1,25 та 37,93 ± 0,88 мг / 100 г сухої ваги, відповідно). Сполук із групи
халконів значно менше у листках та стеблах, а їх вміст також сильно різниться для двох досліджених
генотипів. При детальному вивчені вмісту флавоноїдів у різних частинах суцвіття, було виявлено,
що дискові квітки мають менший, у порівняні з крайовими квітками, вміст флавоноїдів.
Ключові слова: Cosmos sulphureus, флавоноїди, флавоноли, антоциани, халкони
Saleem, M., Ali, H. A., Akhtar, M. F., Saleem, U.,
Saleem, A., & Irshad, I. (2019). Chemical
characterization and hepatoprotective
potential of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. and Cosmos
bipinnatus Cav. Natural Product Research, 33(6),
897–900. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2
017.1413557
Shimokoriyama, M., & Hattori, S. (1953). Anthochlor
pigments of Cosmos sulphureus, Coreopsis
lanceolate and C. saxicola. Journal of the American
Chemical Society, 75(8), 1900–1904. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ja01104a036
Udovenko, G. V. (Ed.). (1988). Diagnostics of plant resistance
to stress: a methodological guide. RIPI. (In Russian)
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1413557
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1413557
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01104a036
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01104a036
|
| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1584 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/25/222169ce3f69141d484b86f5bb53ea25.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-15842023-08-26T20:39:20Z The content of flavonoids in Cosmos sulphureus Вміст флавоноїдів у Cosmos sulphureus Andrushchenko, Olena Levon, Volodymyr Flavonols, anthocyanins, and chalcones were determined during the flowering phase in two genotypes of Cosmos sulphureus (regular species and its cultivar ‘Cosmic Orang’) grown in the М.М. Gryshko National Botanical Garden in Kyiv. Inflorescences, leaves, stems, roots, and separated ray and disc florets were dried and crushed to prepare extracts following three different techniques. In particular, with 80 % (v/v) ethanol following Andreeva & Kalinkina (2000), 3.5 % HCl following Kriventsov (1982), and 0.1 N HCl following Udovenko (1988). The absorbance of flavonoids was measured at 390 nm wavelength for flavonols, 530 nm – for anthocyanins, and 364 nm – for chalcones. The highest content of flavonols was found in inflorescences of both genotypes (87.79 ± 1.64 and 87.99 ± 1.75 mg / 100 g of dry weight (DW), respectively). The content of anthocyanins was found to be ranked by overground organs: inflorescences > leaves > stems. In particular, the content of anthocyanins in the inflorescences of these two genotypes was 188.95 ± 5.20 and 177.14 ± 6.81 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the leaves, the content of anthocyanins was 61.32 ± 1.97 and 41.33 ± 2.27 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the stems, the content of anthocyanins was 31.63 ± 1.16 and 25.31 ± 0.95 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the roots, the anthocyanins were not detected. Among the flavonoids, the highest content, in general, was found for anthocyanins. Similarly, chalcones were also localized in overground organs only and mostly in the inflorescences (39.65 ± 1.25 and 37.93 ± 0.88 mg / 100 g DW, respectively). The content of chalcones in the leaves and stems was much lower than the content of the anthocyanins and flavonols; it significantly varied for two investigated genotypes. During the detailed investigation of the flavonoids content in different parts of the inflorescence, it was found that disc florets in both genotypes had fewer flavonoids than the ray florets. Флавоноли, антоціани та халкони визначали протягом фази квітування у рослин Cosmos sulphureus двох генотипів (C. sulphureus та C. sulphureus ‘Cosmic Orang’), культивованих в Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України. Суцвіття, листки, стебла, корені, а також окремо крайові та дискові квітки сушили та подрібнювали для приготування витягів згідно трьох різних методик. Зокрема, витяги готували з 80 % етиловим спиртом згідно Andreeva & Kalinkina (2000), 3,5 % соляною кислотою згідно Kriventsov (1982) та 0,1 N соляною кислотою згідно Udovenko (1988). Визначення флавонолів проводили спектрофотометричним методом, вимірюючи поглинання при довжині хвилі 390 нм для флавонолів, 530 нм – для антоцианів і 364 нм – для халконів. Найвищий вміст флавонолів було виявлено у суцвіттях обидвох генотипів (87,79 ± 1,64 і 87,99 ± 1,75 мг / 100 г сухої ваги, відповідно). Вміст антоцианів ранжується за локалізацією: суцвіття > листки > стебла. Зокрема, найвищий вміст антоцианів було виявлено у суцвіттях (188,95 ± 5,20 та 177,14 ± 6,81 мг / 100 г сухої ваги, відповідно для двох досліджених генотипів C. sulphureus). У листках вміст антоцианів становив 61,32 ± 1,97 та 41,33 ± 2,27 мг / 100 г сухої ваги, відповідно. У стеблах, вміст антоцианів становив 31,63 ± 1,16 та 25,31 ± 0,95 мг / 100 г сухої ваги, відповідно. У коренях антоциани не виявлено. При цьому, серед проаналізованих флавоноїдів, найбільшим вмістом відрізнялися саме антоциани. Подібним чином, халкони було виявлено лише у надземних органах. Найбільша їх кількість зосереджена у суцвіттях (39,65 ± 1,25 та 37,93 ± 0,88 мг / 100 г сухої ваги, відповідно). Сполук із групи халконів значно менше у листках та стеблах, а їх вміст також сильно різниться для двох досліджених генотипів. При детальному вивчені вмісту флавоноїдів у різних частинах суцвіття, було виявлено, що дискові квітки мають менший, у порівняні з крайовими квітками, вміст флавоноїдів. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2021-04-28 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1584 10.46341/PI2021003 Plant Introduction; No 89/90 (2021); 83-88 Інтродукція Рослин; № 89/90 (2021); 83-88 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI89-90 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1584/1512 Copyright (c) 2021 Olena Andrushchenko, Volodymyr Levon http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Andrushchenko, Olena Levon, Volodymyr Вміст флавоноїдів у Cosmos sulphureus |
| title | Вміст флавоноїдів у Cosmos sulphureus |
| title_alt | The content of flavonoids in Cosmos sulphureus |
| title_full | Вміст флавоноїдів у Cosmos sulphureus |
| title_fullStr | Вміст флавоноїдів у Cosmos sulphureus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Вміст флавоноїдів у Cosmos sulphureus |
| title_short | Вміст флавоноїдів у Cosmos sulphureus |
| title_sort | вміст флавоноїдів у cosmos sulphureus |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1584 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andrushchenkoolena thecontentofflavonoidsincosmossulphureus AT levonvolodymyr thecontentofflavonoidsincosmossulphureus AT andrushchenkoolena vmístflavonoídívucosmossulphureus AT levonvolodymyr vmístflavonoídívucosmossulphureus AT andrushchenkoolena contentofflavonoidsincosmossulphureus AT levonvolodymyr contentofflavonoidsincosmossulphureus |