Вплив анальциму на фітодоступність та фітотоксичність кадмію
The interactive effects of Cd and natural siliceous mineral analcite on Cd phytotoxicity and rate of accumulation in plant tissues have been analyzed. The test-plants of corn and hemp were grown in pots under controlled conditions of light, temperature, and soil moisture for 21 days in experiments m...
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2021
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Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860145116549742592 |
|---|---|
| author | Zaimenko, Nataliia Ivanytska, Bohdana Didyk, Natalia Malashchuk, Olena Rakhmetov, Dzhamal Gryshko, Vitaliy Poliakova, Anastasiya Pyzyk, Myron Slaski, Jan |
| author_facet | Zaimenko, Nataliia Ivanytska, Bohdana Didyk, Natalia Malashchuk, Olena Rakhmetov, Dzhamal Gryshko, Vitaliy Poliakova, Anastasiya Pyzyk, Myron Slaski, Jan |
| author_sort | Zaimenko, Nataliia |
| baseUrl_str | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2023-08-26T20:39:08Z |
| description | The interactive effects of Cd and natural siliceous mineral analcite on Cd phytotoxicity and rate of accumulation in plant tissues have been analyzed. The test-plants of corn and hemp were grown in pots under controlled conditions of light, temperature, and soil moisture for 21 days in experiments modeling the following treatments: (1) without any amendments (control); (2) with the application of 0.1 % and 0.5 % (by weight) of CdSO4; (3) Cd salts (CdSO4) + analcite 0.1 g, 0.25 g, and 0.5 g per container. Test-plants performance was assessed by their growth characteristics (shoot height and root length), the content of photosynthetic pigments, macro- and micronutrients in leaves. The effect of Cd on maize and hemp plants inhibited their growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis in the leaves, led to a change in the balance of macro- and microelements, which leads to the accumulation of Cd in the tissues of shoots of both studied crops. Application of analcite partially compensated for the negative effects of Cd salts on the crop’s growth, chlorophyll content, and balance of nutrients and reduced Cd accumulation significantly in shoots. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2021014 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:54:00Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
Plant Introduction, 91/92, 64–73 (2021)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of analcite on cadmium phytoavailability and phytotoxity
Nataliia Zaimenko 1, *, Bohdana Ivanytska 1, Natalia Didyk 1, Olena Malashchuk 1,
Dzhamal Rakhmetov 1, Vitaliy Gryshko 2, Anastasiya Poliakova 3, Myron Pyzyk 4, Jan Slaski 5
1 M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tymiryazevska str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine;
* zaimenkonv@ukr.net
2 Kryvyi Rig Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Marshaka str. 50, 50089 Kryvyi Rig, Ukraine
3 Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Kyivo-Moskovska str. 24, 41400 Hlukhiv, Ukraine
4 United Institute of Modern Technologies (UIoMT), 10225 str., 147, Edmonton, Alberta, T5N 3C1, Canada
5 Bio-Industrial Services Division, InnoTech Alberta, Hwy 16A str., 75, Vegreville, Alberta, T9C 1T4, Canada
Received: 10.11.2021 | Accepted: 15.12.2021 | Published online: 23.12.2021
Abstract
The interactive effects of Cd and natural siliceous mineral analcite on Cd phytotoxicity and rate of
accumulation in plant tissues have been analyzed. The test-plants of corn and hemp were grown in pots
under controlled conditions of light, temperature, and soil moisture for 21 days in experiments modeling
the following treatments: (1) without any amendments (control); (2) with the application of 0.1 % and
0.5 % (by weight) of CdSO4; (3) Cd salts (CdSO4) + analcite 0.1 g, 0.25 g, and 0.5 g per container. Test-plants
performance was assessed by their growth characteristics (shoot height and root length), the content of
photosynthetic pigments, macro- and micronutrients in leaves. The effect of Cd on maize and hemp plants
inhibited their growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis in the leaves, led to a change in the balance of macro- and
microelements, which leads to the accumulation of Cd in the tissues of shoots of both studied crops.
Application of analcite partially compensated for the negative effects of Cd salts on the crop’s growth,
chlorophyll content, and balance of nutrients and reduced Cd accumulation significantly in shoots.
Keywords: analcite, Cd, phytoavailability, phytotoxicity, macronutrients accumulation, micronutrients accumulation, photosynthetic
pigments, corn, hemp
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2021014
UDC 546.287.004.14 : [632.95.024.546.48]
Authors’ contributions: Nataliia Zaimenko conceived of the presented idea, developed the theory and performed the computations.
Bohdana Ivanytska and Natalia Didyk carried out the experiment wrote the manuscript with support from Vitaliy Gryshko, Myron
Pyzyk, Jan Slaski. Olena Malashchuk performed measurements of the macro- and microelements in the plant material and soil
samples using inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. Dzhamal Rakhmetov and Anastasiya Poliakova provided seed material of
hemp. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.
Funding: This study was conducted in the frames of institutional research thematics. No other financial sources were declared.
Competing Interests: The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Introduction
The rising concern about cadmium (Cd)
contamination of agricultural soils is not only
due to its phytotoxicity to crops, but also for
its potential human and animal health hazards
associated with food chain contamination
(Augustsson et al., 2015; Li et al., 2018). Cd
pollution of agricultural production is an
acute problem for Ukraine due to the growing
chemicalization of agriculture (Chorna et al.,
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-1223
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8969-2239
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8448-7490
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9762-8758
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7260-3263
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-5175
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-4313
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-3469
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-5974
Plant Introduction • 91/92 65
Effect of analcite on cadmium phytoavailability and phytotoxity
2018). During the last decades, the amount of
pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture
has been growing steadily, leading to increased
chemical and biological pollution of soils and
water sources (Zhigailo, 2011). Other important
sources of Cd pollution are emissions from
industry and thermal power plants. In humans
and other animals, cadmium may cause
carcinogenic, embryotoxic, and teratogenic
effects (Augustsson et al., 2015; Krychkovska
et al., 2017). Most of Cd received by a human
comes from plant foods. Cd is extremely easily
transferred from the soil to plants; the latter
absorb up to 70 % of cadmium from the soil and
only 30 % – from the air. In Ukraine, in 2007,
when testing the Cd content in the laboratory
of the products of six well-known sunflower
seed producers, in all samples Cd exceeded the
maximum permissible concentration (0.1 mg/
kg). The highest cadmium content was 0.4 mg/
kg (four times higher than normal), the lowest
– 0.148 mg/kg (Krychkovska et al., 2017).
For plants, Cd is a micronutrient, easily
assimilated due to the flexible specificity of ion
channels and divalent metal transporters (Loi
et al., 2018). Upon accumulation, Cd directly
affects some metabolic processes in various
cellular organelles, especially chloroplasts.
In toxic concentrations Cd disrupts normal
metabolism leading to diverse morphological,
physiological, biochemical and cellular
changes (Simova-Stoilova et al., 2004). The
excess of Cd accumulated in plants could cause
Fe, Mg, Ca deficiency and reduce chlorophyll
content. Besides, it also inhibits plant growth
and respiration, destroys the ultrastructure
of plant cells (nucleus, chloroplast, and
mitochondria) even could lead to the death of
plants (Hussain et al., 2013; Dubey et al., 2014).
The mobility of heavy metals in the soils is
determined by the particle size, reaction of
the soil solution, soil physical characteristics,
moisture level, and other edaphic and
meteorological factors (Feszterová et al.,
2021). The leading process in the binding of
cadmium salts in the soil is its adsorption by
clay minerals as well as the interaction of ions
with hydroxyl groups of different compounds
present in the soil solution, iron oxides, and
organic matter (Khan et al., 2017).
It is important to note the fact of the high
mobility of cadmium ions in the soils due to its
good ability to transfer from the solid phase
to liquid and vice versa, which complicates
the prediction of its up-take rate by plants.
To reduce the mobility and toxicity of Cd,
various amendments, including industrial
wastes (red mud, steel slags), iron oxides or
hydroxides, clay minerals (zeolites, sepiolite,
apatite), nano-materials (nano-hydroxyapatite
particles, stabilized iron sulfate nanoparticles),
activated carbon and composted biosolids
were proposed (Li et al., 2018). Their mode of
action is based on accelerating the processes
of complexation, adsorption or redox
reactions, and promoting surface precipitation
reactions, metal binding, and fixation inside
mineral particles. In recent years, many efforts
have been made to evaluate the potential of
these amendments to immobilize Cd in soils as
well as their effects on soil ecosystem. Apart
from their effect on Cd availability to crops,
these amendments increase soil fertility due
to their ability to increase soil cation exchange
capacity, intensify microbiological activity, and
improve the physical structure of soils.
Natural siliceous minerals present promise
as environmentally friendly meliorants-
stabilizers of heavy metal ions in the soil (Silva
et al., 2017). Natural siliceous minerals do not
impose any harm to soil microbiota and were
shown to have beneficial effect on soil physical
and agrochemical characteristics and crop
productivity (Zaimenko et al., 2018, 2021). They
are stable in the soil environment and, after
having been applied once, express their effect
for many years.
The physiological mechanisms of the
protective effect of Si against metal toxicity
include reduction of metal solubility via Si-
increased ionic strength or pH, Si-mediated
release of phenolics and metal, and Si co-
precipitation either in different parts of the
plant or in the growth media. Besides, Si has
also been shown to inhibit root-to-shoot
transport of toxic metals, increase binding of
metals to cell walls decreasing concentrations
of metals in the symplast, and reduce
membrane lipid peroxidation via stimulating
enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants
(Liang et al., 2007).
It was shown to have a marked positive
effect of analcite on the functional state of
living organisms. The inclusion of analcite
in fertilizer promotes root development,
improves agrophysical soil characteristics
by increasing moisture level and creating
chemical depot for macro- and micronutrients.
66 Plant Introduction • 91/92
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Didyk, O. Malashchuk, D. Rakhmetov, V. Gryshko et al.
It is readily available in Ukraine (Vinnytsia and
Rivne regions) and presents an inexpensive
and environmentally safe source of fertilizers
for agricultural needs.
Corn and hemp are valuable crops and
suitable models to study the physiological
changes responsible for adaptation to stressful
environmental conditions. Corn, as one of the
most popular cereal grain, is widely cultivated
across the world. It is an economically
important crop for Ukraine. Therefore, it is
urgent to elucidate physiological mechanisms
underlying the accumulation of Cd in corn
shoots. The literature reports significant
genotypic differences in Cd concentration
among corn cultivars and varieties as well as
the substantial effect of environmental factors
and agricultural practices on this process
(Hussain et al., 2013).
Hemp is known for its tolerance to elevated
heavy metals content in soils and for the ability
to accumulate relatively high levels of these
toxic elements, often without any or with
negligible adverse effects on growth and yield
(Linger et al., 2005). The superior attributes
of hemp as a heavy metal hyperaccumulator,
which are utilized for phytoremediation
(extraction of soil pollutants by the plants)
(Adiloglu, 2018), are highly undesirable from
the crop production perspective because the
metals are often deposited in edible parts of
the plant, for instance, in the grain. Since these
elements can be retained for several years in
human and animal organisms, consumption of
foods containing high levels of heavy metals
may induce chronic toxicity.
The objective of our study was to assess
alleviating effect of natural siliceous mineral
analcite on Cd phytotoxicity and accumulation
rate in corn and hemp, depending on this
toxic metal concentration in the soil in model
laboratory experiments.
Material and methods
Sources of Cd and siliceous mineral
Cd salt used in the tests was CdSO4 applied
as 0.1 % and 0.5 % solutions in distilled water
to soil substrate (gray podzol) once at the
beginning of the experiments. Natural siliceous
mineral (analcite) was applied simultaneously
with a Cd salt solution at a rate of 100, 250,
and 500 mg per pot with a volume of 0.5 l. The
control was without Cd and siliceous mineral.
Test-plants, experimental setup, and
cultivation conditions
The seeds of corn (Zea mays L. ‘Orbit’) were
obtained from the Institute of Plant Physiology
and Genetics of the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine). The seeds
of hemp (Cannabis sativa L. ‘Hliana’) were
obtained from the Oleksandr Dovzhenko
Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University. The
experiments were conducted at the Department
of Allelopathy, M.M. Gryshko National Botanical
Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine).
Test-plants were grown in the plant
growing chambers, in 0.5 l plastic pots filled
with 0.7 kg of gray podzol soil sterilized in an
oven at 100 °С for two hours, air-dried, and
sieved through 2 mm sieve. The test-plants
were grown with a density of six plants per
pot for 21 days under controlled conditions: air
temperature of 20–22 °C, illumination of 2500
lux, and soil moisture of 50–60 % of the field
capacity. The experiments were replicated six
times.
Measurements
The macro- and microelements in soil
samples were determined using inductively
coupled plasma spectrometer iCAP 6300
DUO from Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA
(2006). Their extraction was conducted
with 1 N HCl (Rinkis & Nollendorff, 1982). The
photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a
and b, and carotenoids) were extracted from
freshly collected leaves of the test-plants
with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Wellburn,
1994). Their content was determined
spectrophotometrically with SPECORD 200
(Analytik, Jena). The test plants dry weight was
determined at the end of the experiments.
Statistical analysis
The statistical operations were conducted
using Statistica 10.0 software (Stat Soft. Inc.,
Tulsa, USA, 2011).
Results
Application of CdSO4 led to the accumulation
of this toxic metal in the foliar tissues of corn
and hemp test-plants (Tables 1 & 2).
Plant Introduction • 91/92 67
Effect of analcite on cadmium phytoavailability and phytotoxity
Nutrients Control
CdSO4 0.1 % CdSO4 + analcite 0.5 % CdSO4 + analcite LSD
(P < 0.05)0.1 % 0.5 % 0.1 g 0.25 g 0.5 g 0.1 g 0.25 g 0.5 g
K 65450 48500 34750 57410 97450 87760 71600 48550 89940 11.2
P 5624 5532 5272 5892 4927 5158 3939 5999 4648 8.8
Ca 8542 6894 6771 7362 9819 9978 8111 8967 10870 14.5
Mg 2758 2485 2691 2631 2792 3479 2550 3017 3050 9.7
S 3965 8258 4149 5765 4084 3730 3909 3442 3074 8.6
Fe 387 1557 325 587 343 371 349 647 296 5.6
Si 1023 677 391 979 930 1012 674 1033 771 3.6
Al 189 1578 216 200 219 226 208 261 156 3.7
Mn 38 72 38 42 32 37 28 46 34 1.3
Zn 69.74 83.78 65.98 65.62 63.35 59.93 59.67 58.73 61.97 2.4
Cu 16.59 12.07 6.92 6.95 5.96 7.05 5.34 5.17 6.68 1.1
Cd 7.97 9.48 18.40 9.78 9.67 8.32 16.76 10.22 8.37 1.4
Table 1. Content of macro- and micronutrients (g per kg of dry weight) in the foliar tissues of corn exposed
to CdSO4 applied alone and mixed with analcite. LSD – the list significant difference (n = 6).
Nutrients Control
CdSO4 0.1 % CdSO4 + analcite 0.5 % CdSO4 + analcite LSD
(P < 0.05)0.1 % 0.5 % 0.1 g 0.25 g 0.5 g 0.1 g 0.25 g 0.5 g
K 22880 38410 36420 29513 30170 29980 26380 26810 36820 4.5
P 14790 10370 13250 15380 14040 13230 8764 9913 12740 4.8
Ca 41523 44100 40710 26920 31050 28630 27580 23470 27590 9.1
Mg 8956 13030 14160 32660 7260 7401 5854 5681 7083 3.6
S 39860 20850 26880 47800 47790 44260 49340 44170 51190 5.1
Fe 446 527 446 415 433 482 290 380 359 3.6
Si 1665 6530 1004 1045 2103 1831 1761 1705 2074 3.4
Al 228 230 162 275 268 254 133 187 157 2.8
Mn 98.76 123.80 140.20 74.43 84.36 90.88 69.99 75.32 86.88 2.4
Zn 59.87 80.67 77.09 84.61 98.40 61.09 55.08 49.64 57.76 1.2
Cu 21.12 28.05 22.64 23.36 24.87 21.21 17.14 13.15 16.57 0.6
Cd 49.58 44.18 125.90 65.73 68.89 35.09 121.05 89.13 58.87 0.9
Table 2. Content of macro- and micronutrients (g per kg of dry leaf weight) in the foliar tissues of hemp
plants exposed to CdSO4 applied alone and mixed with analcite. LSD – the list significant difference (n = 6).
This effect positively correlated with the
Cd salt concentration. Hemp accumulated
4.2- to 8.7-fold higher amounts of Cd in
foliar tissues as compared to corn. The
rate of accumulation positively depended
on the rate of application of CdSO4. The
comparative analysis of the content of
other nutrients in the foliar tissues of hemp
and corn revealed significant differences
between these two species. Particularly,
the application of 0.1 % of CdSO4 to corn
led to the increase of Al, Mn, Fe, S, and
Zn contents in foliar tissues. Higher
(0.5 %) concentration of the Cd salts
inhibited up-take of all studied macro- and
micronutrients (Table 1).
68 Plant Introduction • 91/92
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Didyk, O. Malashchuk, D. Rakhmetov, V. Gryshko et al.
In contrast to corn, the exposition of hemp
plants to 0.1 % of CdSO4 did not stimulate the
accumulation of Al, S, and Zn in foliar tissues.
However, it still stimulated absorption and
allocation to leaves of Ca, Fe, Mg, K, Mn, Na,
and Cu (Table 2).
Except for Cd, Mn, Na, and Mg, with the
increase in the Cd salt concentration, the degree
of the mentioned above stimulation decreased.
Combined application of Cd salt with
analcite significantly modified absorption and
accumulation of Cd by corn and hemp plants.
The character of the analcite effect depended
on its concentration and the species of a
test-plant. When applied in combination with
CdSO4 in low concentrations (100–250 mg),
analcite slightly stimulated absorption and
accumulation of Cd by the test-plants. While
at the highest tested concentration (500 mg
per container), analcite significantly reduced
the amount of Cd accumulated in the leaves of
both test plants (Tables 1 & 2). Application of
this siliceous mineral significantly stimulated
uptake of Al, Ca, K, Na, Mg, and Si in corn, and
Al, P, S, Zn, and Si in hemp plants exposed to
0.1 % or 0.5 % CdSO4. The capacity of corn
treated with analcite to accumulate Al, Ca,
K, Na, Mg, and Si under Cd-stress was even
higher than in control (without Cd). A similar
tendencies were observed for S and Zn
accumulation in hemp leaves. In addition, the
application of this siliceous mineral decreased
the content of toxic metals such as Fe, Cu, and
Mn in both test-plants.
Under Cd stress, the decrease in chlorophyll
a and b content and slightly stimulated
carotenoids content in the leaves of the target
plants were observed (Tables 3 & 4).
Hemp photosynthetic system showed
higher sensitivity to Cd toxicity as compared
to corn. This correlates well with the capacity
of the tested species to accumulate this
toxic metal. Application of analcite with
the cadmium salt partially compensated
the negative effect of Cd on photosynthetic
pigments content in both test plants. The
analcite effect positively correlated with the
mineral concentration, reaching the highest
values when the latter was applied at a rate of
500 mg per pot.
Observed physiological changes in the
content of the photosynthetic pigment as
well as macro- and micronutrients balance
in the leaves of corn and hemp were in good
agreement with their growth characteristics
(Table 5).
Exposition of both test-plants to CdSO4,
especially applied at the highest concentration,
significantly retarded their growth
characteristics. Corn growth parameters
showed more sensitivity to Cd toxicity as
compared to hemp. Corn shoots were more
affected than roots. Slight stimulation of the
corn root system was observed when Cd salt
was applied at the lowest concentration alone
or with the lowest rate of analcite.
Application of analcite in the concentration
of 500 mg per pot completely compensated
for the negative effect of Cd on the dry weight
accumulation by shoots and roots of corn
and hemp test-plants. The concentration of
250 mg per pot was somewhat less effective.
Discussion
Sufficient literature supports the phytotoxic
effect of Cd in excessive concentrations
(Simova-Stoilova et al., 2004; Irfan et al.,
2015; Li et al., 2018; Loi et al., 2018). The
present investigation showed that growth
characteristics, especially those of shoots of
corn, and hemp, significantly decreased after
the application of CdSO4, even at the lowest
concentration tested (0.1 %). The values for
these growth parameters decreased with an
increasing accumulation of Cd in foliar tissues
of the test-plants. This tendency confirmed
the suggestion that the rate of absorbance
and accumulation of this heavy metal by
target plants, for the most part, determine
the size of its harmful effect on the latter. In
our study, the accumulation of Cd in the foliar
tissues of test-plants was accompanied by the
increase in the content of other toxic metals
such as Mn, Fe, and Cu, which could further
exacerbate symptoms of Cd toxicity.
Many authors report the negative impact
of Cd on the growth characteristics of various
crop species (Irfan et al., 2015; Li et al., 2018).
In our study, the application of analcite in a
concentration of 500 mg per pot completely
compensated for the negative effect of Cd on
the growth characteristics of the test-plants.
A similar tendency was demonstrated by Silva
et al. (2017) with K2SiO3 as a source of Si and
corn (Zea mays ‘São José’) as a test-plant in the
model laboratory experiments.
Plant Introduction • 91/92 69
Effect of analcite on cadmium phytoavailability and phytotoxity
Treatment
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a/b Carotenoids
a b
Control 12.4 ± 0.61 6.1 ± 0.10 2.03 2.4 ± 0.19
CdSO4 0.1 % 6.4 ± 0.32 5.0 ± 0.19 1.28 1.2 ± 0.15
0.5 % 6.7 ± 0.29 5.4 ± 0.13 1.24 2.8 ± 0.21
0.1 % CdSO4 + analcite 0.1 g 5.7 ± 0.31 5.6 ± 0.12 1.01 1.3 ± 0.11
0.25 g 6.1 ± 0.37 5.8 ± 0.12 1.05 1.5 ± 0.15
0.5 g 7.1 ± 0.29 6.1 ± 0.11 1.16 3.1 ± 0.11
0.5 % CdSO4 + analcite 0.1 g 5.1 ± 0.29 5.6 ± 0.10 0.91 2.1 ± 0.12
0.25 g 6.2 ± 0.22 6.1 ± 0.22 1.01 2.4 ± 0.18
0.5 g 5.9 ± 0.32 5.7 ± 0.16 1.04 2.3 ± 0.16
Table 3. The interactive effect of CdSO4 and analcite on the content of photosynthetic pigments in the corn
leaves, mg/g of fresh weight (х ± SE, n = 6).
Treatment
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a/b Carotenoids
a b
Control 10.8 ± 0.23 4.8 ± 0.10 2.25 2.2 ± 0.07
CdSO4 0.1 % 4.1 ± 0.14 2.0 ± 0.08 2.05 1.2 ± 0.15
0.5 % 3.7 ± 0.15 1.8 ± 0.08 2.05 2.4 ± 0.11
0.1 % CdSO4 + analcite 0.1 g 3.5 ± 0.19 2.0 ± 0.09 1.75 2.4 ± 0.09
0.25 g 3.9 ± 0.11 2.8 ± 0.11 1.39 2.8 ± 0.12
0.5 g 4.8 ± 0.16 2.9 ± 0.10 1.66 2.9 ± 0.08
0.5 % CdSO4 + analcite 0.1 g 3.3 ± 0.14 2.2 ± 0.09 1.50 2.6 ± 0.11
0.25 g 3.8 ± 0.18 2.4 ± 0.09 1.58 2.9 ± 0.08
0.5 g 4.5 ± 0.17 2.4 ± 0.11 1.87 2.8 ± 0.09
Table 4. The interactive effect of CdSO4 and analcite on the content of photosynthetic pigments in the
hemp leaves, mg/g of fresh weight (х ± SE, n = 6).
Siliceous minerals have been documented
to mitigate the phytotoxicity of heavy metals,
including cadmium (Liang et al., 2007; Silva
et al., 2017; Bhat et al., 2019; Dong et al., 2019).
However, the physiological mechanisms
underlying this phenomenon are still not clear.
In general, there are thought to be two types
of mechanisms, viz. external (ex planta) and
internal (in planta) involved in Si-regulated
plant resistance to toxic metals (Liang et al.,
2007; Bhat et al., 2019). External mechanisms
include reducing toxic metal availability via
immobilization due to a rise in pH or forming
Si-mediated insoluble complexes with organic
or mineral fraction of the soil (Liang et al.,
2007; Bhat et al., 2019; Dong et al., 2019). The
role of Si in minimizing uptake and root-to-
shoot transport of Cd ions was confirmed in a
number of studies on various crops (Shi et al.,
2005; Silva et al., 2017; Dong et al., 2019; Bhat
et al., 2019). Shi et al. (2005) suggested that the
deposition of Si near the endodermis might
offer a possible mechanism by which siliceous
minerals physically block the apoplast
bypass flow across the roots and restrain the
apoplastic transport of Cd to shoots.
In our study, Si concentration in the tissues
of the Si-treated plants was significantly higher
(see Tables 1 & 2) compared to plants grown
without analcite. Si accumulation in both corn
and hemp plants was in good correlation with
their growth characteristics and reduction of
70 Plant Introduction • 91/92
N. Zaimenko, B. Ivanytska, N. Didyk, O. Malashchuk, D. Rakhmetov, V. Gryshko et al.
Cd concentrations in foliar tissues, confirming
the described above physical defense
mechanism suggested by Shi et al. (2005). Plant
species vary in their ability to accumulate Si.
It is thought that higher accumulators obtain
greater defense after silicon application (Bhat
et al., 2019). Our results demonstrated that
hemp accumulated significantly higher Si
amounts than corn. However, the mitigating
effect of analcite on Cd accumulation was
more noticeable in corn, especially at a higher
(0.5 %) rate of the Cd salt application. Thus, the
results of our study clearly indicated a species-
specific difference of Cd translocation and
other factors influencing the detoxification
mechanism of Si on Cd toxicity, also reported
by other authors (Dong et al., 2019).
Some authors also suggested an external
interaction between Si and Cd, resulting
in the formation of soil mineral complexes
absorbing and immobilizing Cd (Liang et al.,
2007; Bhat et al., 2019; Dong et al., 2019). Dong
et al. (2019) demonstrated that Si application
reduced exchangeable/oxidizable/reducible
Cd in soil and increased residual Cd, which is
considered not bioavailable to plants. Liang
et al. (2007) reported that Si application
decreased water-extractable fractions of Cd,
but increased Fe-Mn oxide-bound fractions.
Therefore more Cd was found in the form
of specific adsorbed or Fe-Mn oxide-bound
fractions in Si-amended soil. Our results
clearly indicated that application of analcite
also reduced Fe and Mn concentrations in the
corn and hemp tissues, suggesting possible
immobilization of these metals in soil, which
confirmed the hypothesis of Liang et al.
(2007).
In our study Cd-stressed plants had
inhibited photosynthetic function (viz.
lower chlorophyll a and b content in leaves).
Similar results were obtained by other
authors demonstrating reduction of net
photosynthetic rate, the photosynthetic
quantum yield of PSII, and chlorophyll a and
b content in plants (Irfan et al., 2015). Among
possible physiological mechanisms of the
described phenomenon, Cd-induced ABA
signals decreasing stomatal conductance,
which negatively affects the photosynthetic
carbon fixation cycle, were suggested (Irfan
et al., 2015). Stimulation of carotenoids content
in foliar tissues of Cd-stressed corn and hemp
plants indicated intensification of stressful
conditions. The application of analcite at a
rate of 500 mg per pot compensated for the
negative effect of CdSO4 and alleviated the
Cd-induced reduction of the chlorophylls a
and b. Carotenoids and chlorophyll b play a
major role in the protection of photosynthetic
systems against photooxidative processes.
They are efficient antioxidants scavenging
singlet molecular oxygen and peroxyl radicals
(McElroy & Kopsell, 2009). Therefore, the
content of chlorophyll b and carotenoids is
sensitive to the influence of abiotic and biotic
stress factors, and the ratio of these pigments
to the content of chlorophyll a is a marker of
plant stress. The inhibiting effect of Cd on
plants is related to the damage of protective
Treatment
Corn
Hemp (whole plant)
Shoots Roots
Control 83.03 ± 1.64 36.39 ± 1.13 13.04 ± 0.66
CdSO4 0.1 % 67.28 ± 1.53 39.87 ± 2.61 10.23 ± 0.56
0.5 % 65.32 ± 1.86 31.31 ± 1.72 11.71 ± 052
0.1 % CdSO4 + analcite 0.1 g 63.12 ± 2.14 39.95 ± 1.35 10.12 ± 1.01
0.25 g 75.02 ± 2.53 31.19 ± 1.06 9.66 ± 0.74
0.5 g 68.49 ± 1.89 33.40 ± 1.13 10.72 ± 0.66
0.5 % CdSO4 + analcite 0.1 g 65.91 ± 2.23 29.83 ± 1.01 11.04 ± 0.77
0.25 g 74.21 ± 1.83 35.17 ± 1.57 12.31 ± 1.05
0.5 g 85.41 ± 3.22 41.58 ± 1.57 12.82 ± 1.17
Table 5. The interactive effect of CdSO4 and analcite on the dry weight of corn and hemp plants in mg
(х ± SE, n = 24).
Plant Introduction • 91/92 71
Effect of analcite on cadmium phytoavailability and phytotoxity
antioxidant systems (Simova-Stoilova et al.,
2004). The increased content of chlorophyll b
induced by the application of analcite indicates
activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms,
which contributed to the better adaptive
capacity of the Cd-stressed test-plants.
The revealed tendency for the distribution
of photosynthetic pigments in the corn
foliar tissues is consistent with the studied
characteristics of seedlings’ growth rates.
In particular, with increasing chlorophyll
content, the characteristics of seedlings’
growth increased correspondingly.
There are numerous publications reporting
that phytotoxic concentrations of Cd cause an
imbalance of nutrients in target plants (Irfan
et al., 2015; Jibril et al., 2017). The changes
are species-specific and depend on the
environmental factors, viz. type of soil, macro-
and micronutrients availability and so on (Irfan
et al., 2015; Jibril et al., 2017). In our study, the
application of 0.1 % of CdSO4 to corn and hemp
increased some micronutrients' content in
foliar tissues. Higher (0.5 %) concentration of
the Cd salts inhibited up-take almost of all the
studied nutrients.
Combined application of Cd salt with
analcite significantly modified absorption and
accumulation of macro- and micronutrients
by corn and hemp plants. The character of the
analcite effect depended on its concentration,
the Cd salt concentration, and the species of a
test-plant. When applied in combination with
CdSO4 in low concentrations (100–250 mg
per pot), analcite could stimulate absorption
and accumulation of Cd as well as some other
macro- and micronutrients in foliar tissues
of the test-plants. Particularly, it stimulated
uptake of Al, P, S, and Si in corn and hemp
plants. At the same time, concentrations
of toxic metals such as Mn and Cu were
inhibited. Application of analcite at the highest
concentration significantly reduced the
amount of Cd accumulated in the leaves of
both test plants (Tables 1 & 2).
The combined use of Cd salts and the
analcite demonstrated a somewhat different
tendency in corn and hemp. The increase
in Ca concentration in foliar tissues of corn
plants treated with the mixture of Cd salt and
analcite indicates a close relationship between
the redox state of the cellular membranes and
the regulation of the cation channel through
which proteins pass due to the presence of
specific thiol groups in the channel (Kohli
et al., 2017).
Thus, the results obtained confirmed the
positive role of silicon in stimulating the
resistance of corn and hemp plants at the
earliest stages of their development. In our
study, Si-enhanced tolerance to Cd can be
attributed not only to Cd immobilization in
soil due to absorption on analcite particles
but also to Si-mediated physiological changes
which condition uptake of macro- and
micronutrients by test-plants.
Conclusions
The data obtained in the present study
confirmed the inhibiting effect of Cd on
the growth, content of chlorophylls in
leaves, absorption, and allocation to leaves
of macro- and micronutrients in higher
plants. The degree of inhibition positively
correlated with the rate of Cd application and
differed significantly between the studied
crop species of corn and hemp. Particularly,
hemp demonstrated not only a much higher
capacity to accumulate this heavy metal in the
foliar tissue but also was more tolerant to its
phytotoxic effect. Application of analcite at a
rate of 500 mg per pot substantially reduced
phytoavailability of Cd, which was reflected
in the much lower accumulation of this heavy
metal in the foliar tissues of the test-plants.
As a result, the characteristics of the growth
of corn and hemp plants exposed to Cd were
restored, and the content of chlorophylls and
macro- and micronutrients in the leaves of
Cd-stressed plants improved significantly.
When applied at lower concentrations (100 mg
and 250 mg), analcite could stimulate up-
take of Cd (when the latter was applied at low
concentration), as well as the allocation of this
heavy metal to the foliar tissues. The size of the
analcite protective effect was higher on corn
as compared to hemp in terms of reducing Cd
uptake and increased plant growth.
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Plant Introduction • 91/92 73
Effect of analcite on cadmium phytoavailability and phytotoxity
Вплив анальциму на фітодоступність та фітотоксичність кадмію
Наталія Заіменко 1, *, Богдана Іваницька 1, Наталія Дідик 1, Олена Малащук 1, Джамал Рахметов 1,
Віталій Гришко 2, Анастасія Полякова 3, Мирон Пизик 4, Ян Сласкі 5
1 Національний ботанічний сад ім. М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Тимірязєвська 1, Київ, 01014,
Україна
2 Криворізьський ботанічний сад, НАН України, вул. Маршака 50, Кривий Ріг, 50089, Україна
3 Глухівський національний педагогічний університет ім. Олександра Довженко, вул. Києво-
Московська, 24, Глухів, Сумська обл., 41400, Україна
4 Об’єднаний інститут сучасних технологій, вул. 10225, буд. 147, Едмонтон, Альберта, T5N 3C1, Канада
5 Відділення Біо-промислових служб, ІнноТек Альберта, Хайвей 16A, буд. 75, Вегревіль, Альберта,
T9C 1T4, Канада
Проаналізовано вплив Cd та природного кремнієвого мінералу анальциму на фітотоксичність
Cd і швидкість накопичення в рослинних тканинах. Дослідні рослини кукурудзи та коноплі
вирощували за контрольованих умов освітленості, температури та вологості ґрунту упродовж 21
доби у таких варіантах: (1) без будь-яких добавок (контроль); (2) з внесенням 0,1 % і 0,5 % (за масою)
CdSO4; (3) з внесенням солі Cd (CdSO4) + анальциму 0,1 г, 0,25 г і 0,5 г. Продуктивність дослідних
рослин оцінювали за ростовими характеристиками (висоти пагона та довжини кореня), вмістом
у листках фотосинтетичних пігментів, макро- та мікроелементів. Вплив Cd на рослини кукурудзи
та коноплі пригнічував їх ріст, біосинтез хлорофілу в листках, призводив до зміни балансу макро-
та мікроелементів, що мало наслідком накопичення Cd у тканинах пагонів обох досліджуваних
культур. Встановлено, що застосування анальциму частково компенсує негативний вплив солей Cd
на ріст сільськогосподарських рослин, вміст хлорофілу і баланс поживних речовин, а також значно
зменшує накопичення Cd у пагонах.
Ключові слова: анальцим, Сd, фітодоступність, фітотоксичність, накопичення макроелементів, накопичення мікроелементів,
фотосинтетичні пігменти, кукурудза, коноплі
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0680-1
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(In Ukrainian)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-016-0680-1
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-016-0680-1
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81192-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81192-2
https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2017.1405856
https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2017.1405856
https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08744
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| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1596 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:54:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/10/9844494cd0fbc17e6f62d51f8cded010.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-15962023-08-26T20:39:08Z Effect of analcite on cadmium phytoavailability and phytotoxity Вплив анальциму на фітодоступність та фітотоксичність кадмію Zaimenko, Nataliia Ivanytska, Bohdana Didyk, Natalia Malashchuk, Olena Rakhmetov, Dzhamal Gryshko, Vitaliy Poliakova, Anastasiya Pyzyk, Myron Slaski, Jan The interactive effects of Cd and natural siliceous mineral analcite on Cd phytotoxicity and rate of accumulation in plant tissues have been analyzed. The test-plants of corn and hemp were grown in pots under controlled conditions of light, temperature, and soil moisture for 21 days in experiments modeling the following treatments: (1) without any amendments (control); (2) with the application of 0.1 % and 0.5 % (by weight) of CdSO4; (3) Cd salts (CdSO4) + analcite 0.1 g, 0.25 g, and 0.5 g per container. Test-plants performance was assessed by their growth characteristics (shoot height and root length), the content of photosynthetic pigments, macro- and micronutrients in leaves. The effect of Cd on maize and hemp plants inhibited their growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis in the leaves, led to a change in the balance of macro- and microelements, which leads to the accumulation of Cd in the tissues of shoots of both studied crops. Application of analcite partially compensated for the negative effects of Cd salts on the crop’s growth, chlorophyll content, and balance of nutrients and reduced Cd accumulation significantly in shoots. Проаналізовано вплив Cd та природного кремнієвого мінералу анальциму на фітотоксичність Cd і швидкість накопичення в рослинних тканинах. Дослідні рослини кукурудзи та коноплі вирощували за контрольованих умов освітленості, температури та вологості ґрунту упродовж 21 доби у таких варіантах: (1) без будь-яких добавок (контроль); (2) з внесенням 0,1 % і 0,5 % (за масою) CdSO4; (3) з внесенням солі Cd (CdSO4) + анальциму 0,1&nbsp;г, 0,25&nbsp;г і 0,5&nbsp;г. Продуктивність дослідних рослин оцінювали за ростовими характеристиками (висоти пагона та довжини кореня), вмістом у листках фотосинтетичних пігментів, макро- та мікроелементів. Вплив Cd на рослини кукурудзи та коноплі пригнічував їх ріст, біосинтез хлорофілу в листках, призводив до зміни балансу макро- та мікроелементів, що мало наслідком накопичення Cd у тканинах пагонів обох досліджуваних культур. Встановлено, що застосування анальциму частково компенсує негативний вплив солей Cd на ріст сільськогосподарських рослин, вміст хлорофілу і баланс поживних речовин, а також значно зменшує накопичення Cd у пагонах. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2021-12-23 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1596 10.46341/PI2021014 Plant Introduction; No 91/92 (2021); 64-73 Інтродукція Рослин; № 91/92 (2021); 64-73 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI91-92 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1596/1522 Copyright (c) 2021 Nataliia Zaimenko, Bohdana Ivanytska, Natalia Didyk, Olena Malashchuk, Dzhamal Rakhmetov, Vitaliy Gryshko, Anastasiya Poliakova, Myron Pyzyk, Jan Slaski http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Zaimenko, Nataliia Ivanytska, Bohdana Didyk, Natalia Malashchuk, Olena Rakhmetov, Dzhamal Gryshko, Vitaliy Poliakova, Anastasiya Pyzyk, Myron Slaski, Jan Вплив анальциму на фітодоступність та фітотоксичність кадмію |
| title | Вплив анальциму на фітодоступність та фітотоксичність кадмію |
| title_alt | Effect of analcite on cadmium phytoavailability and phytotoxity |
| title_full | Вплив анальциму на фітодоступність та фітотоксичність кадмію |
| title_fullStr | Вплив анальциму на фітодоступність та фітотоксичність кадмію |
| title_full_unstemmed | Вплив анальциму на фітодоступність та фітотоксичність кадмію |
| title_short | Вплив анальциму на фітодоступність та фітотоксичність кадмію |
| title_sort | вплив анальциму на фітодоступність та фітотоксичність кадмію |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1596 |
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