Антиоксидантна здатність рослин Cosmos sulphureus за вирощування в умовах помірного клімату
Cosmos sulphureus is an adventitious species for Europe and Ukraine in particular. It originates from Central and South America, where it grows in tropical and subtropical climates. The climatic conditions of Kyiv are characterized as temperate, with an absolute temperature minimum of –32.2 °C, an a...
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2022
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Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860145121903771648 |
|---|---|
| author | Andrushchenko, Olena Vergun, Olena Rakhmetov, Dzhamal |
| author_facet | Andrushchenko, Olena Vergun, Olena Rakhmetov, Dzhamal |
| author_sort | Andrushchenko, Olena |
| baseUrl_str | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2023-08-26T20:38:56Z |
| description | Cosmos sulphureus is an adventitious species for Europe and Ukraine in particular. It originates from Central and South America, where it grows in tropical and subtropical climates. The climatic conditions of Kyiv are characterized as temperate, with an absolute temperature minimum of –32.2 °C, an absolute maximum of +39.9 °C, and average annual rainfall of 649 mm.Plants were analyzed in the flowering phase, divided into inflorescences, leaves, stems, and roots, dried at +35 °C and then extracted with methanol and water. The determination of the antiradical activity was carried out according to a modified method using a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical inhibition reaction. The highest antiradical activity was detected in inflorescences (59.60–81.81 % inhibition) and leaves (79.81–89.12 % inhibition). Stem extracts had an average level of inhibition (19.63–65.93 %), and root extracts showed only 2.54–39.46 % inhibition. Correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between leaves and stems (r = 0.84), leaves and roots (r = 0.81), and stems and roots (r = 0.91).Extracts of C. sulphureus plants grown in temperate climate were found having a high antioxidant potential but lower than that reported for tropical and subtropical regions. It was found that higher intensity of coloration of marginal florets of the capitulum does not correlate with a higher antiradical activity. Methanolic and water extracts of inflorescences of the genotype CSCO-368812 with intensilly colored perianth inhibited only 59.60 % and 71.50 % of radicals, while similar extracts of the genotype CS-361294 with lighter florets inhibited 71.17 % and 81.81 % of radicals, respectively. Instead, there was a difference in antiradical activity depending on applied extractant. Methanolic extracts of vegetative organs (leaves, stems, roots) prevail over water extracts in terms of their antiradical activity. However, water extracts of inflorescences of both genotypes demonstrated higher level of antiradical activity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2021021 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:54:02Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Plant Introduction, 93/94, 37–45 (2022)
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Antioxidant capacity of Cosmos sulphureus plants grown in the temperate
climate
Olena Andrushchenko *, Olena Vergun, Dzhamal Rakhmetov
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tymiryazevska str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine;
* novaflora@ukr.net
Received: 23.12.2021 | Accepted: 18.04.2022 | Published online: 28.04.2022
Abstract
Cosmos sulphureus is an adventitious species for Europe and Ukraine in particular. It originates from Central
and South America, where it grows in tropical and subtropical climates. The climatic conditions of Kyiv are
characterized as temperate, with an absolute temperature minimum of –32.2 °C, an absolute maximum
of +39.9 °C, and average annual rainfall of 649 mm.
Plants were analyzed in the flowering phase, divided into inflorescences, leaves, stems, and roots, dried
at +35 °C and then extracted with methanol and water. The determination of the antiradical activity was
carried out according to a modified method using a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical inhibition
reaction. The highest antiradical activity was detected in inflorescences (59.60–81.81 % inhibition) and
leaves (79.81–89.12 % inhibition). Stem extracts had an average level of inhibition (19.63–65.93 %), and
root extracts showed only 2.54–39.46 % inhibition. Correlation analysis showed a strong relationship
between leaves and stems (r = 0.84), leaves and roots (r = 0.81), and stems and roots (r = 0.91).
Extracts of C. sulphureus plants grown in temperate climate were found having a high antioxidant potential
but lower than that reported for tropical and subtropical regions. It was found that higher intensity
of coloration of marginal florets of the capitulum does not correlate with a higher antiradical activity.
Methanolic and water extracts of inflorescences of the genotype CSCO-368812 with intensilly colored
perianth inhibited only 59.60 % and 71.50 % of radicals, while similar extracts of the genotype CS-361294
with lighter florets inhibited 71.17 % and 81.81 % of radicals, respectively. Instead, there was a difference
in antiradical activity depending on applied extractant. Methanolic extracts of vegetative organs (leaves,
stems, roots) prevail over water extracts in terms of their antiradical activity. However, water extracts of
inflorescences of both genotypes demonstrated higher level of antiradical activity.
Keywords: Cosmos sulphureus, antiradical activity, DPPH, methanolic extract, water extract
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2021021
UDC 582.998.1 : 026.78
Authors’ contributions: O. Andrushchenko developed the concept of research, analyzed literary sources, and interpreted the results,
statistical processing of the experimental data and wrote the manuscript. O. Vergun was engaged in the preparation and conduct of
the biochemical analyzes, writing methodological part of the research. D. Rakhmetov was coordinated research and editorial support
in writing the article.
Funding: The work has been conducted according to the research program of the Cultural Flora Department of the M.M. Gryshko
National Botanical Garden “Fundamental principles of introduction of new useful plants in the conditions of climate change” (state
registration number 0119U001029).
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-6862
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-1580
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7260-3263
38 Plant Introduction • 93/94
O. Andrushchenko, O. Vergun, D. Rakhmetov
Introduction
Cosmos sulphureus Cav. (Asteraceae Bercht.
& J. Presl) originated from Central and South
America (Vargas-Amado et al., 2013). This is
an annual herbaceous plant with a strongly
branched stem up to 2 m high (Nash &
Williams, 1976). Currently, it is a widespread
plant in Europe and Ukraine, which is mainly
used for ornamental purposes (Kuzemko,
2013). It is also applied in ethnomedicine as a
hepatoprotector, tonic, and a support meaning
in malaria (Botsaris, 2007; Saleem et al., 2019).
Cosmos sulphureus, like other species of the
genus Cosmos Cav., is also widespread in South
Africa (Ram et al., 2013) and Northern Thailand
(Kaisoon et al., 2012), where it is used as a food
plant. Researchers from India and Europe
have identified several biologically active
substances (i.e., butin, apigenin, kaempferol,
myricetin, rutin and essential oils), which
determine the antioxidant and bactericidal
properties of C. sulphureus (Schlangen et al.,
2010; Ram et al., 2013). Hepatoprotective
properties are associated with quercetin
and phenolic compounds such as gallic,
caffeic, and chlorogenic acids (Saleem et al.,
2019). The essential oil from the florets has
an anthelmintic effect; at a concentration of
100 μg / ml, it causes the death of Schistosoma
mansoni (Aguiar et al., 2013).
The antioxidant activity of C. sulphureus is
determined mainly by secondary metabolites:
phenols and flavonoids (Phuse & Khan, 2018).
According to FRAP assay performed by Lim
(2014), antioxidant activity of C. sulphureus
is caused by the accumulation of phenols
(102.5 mg GAE / g of dry weight, DW) in its
inflorescences. For C. sulphureus capitula
containing 13.08 GAE / g (fresh weight, FW)
of phenols, the total antioxidant capacity of
320.36 μM TE / g FW was recorded (Chensom
et al., 2019). Similarly, Cavaiuolo et al. (2013)
performed DPPH assay and detected in
C. sulphureus florets the total phenol content
of 86.8–102.5 mg / g DW (according to the
FRAP assay – 99.9–538.6 μmol Fe2+ / g DW)
resulting in 87.0 % inhibition.
Despite numerous phytochemical studies,
in Ukraine C. sulphureus was analyzed only
as an ornamental plant (Prysedskyi, 2014).
Therefore, we aimed to investigate the
antioxidant activity of C. sulphureus plants
grown in the temperate climate and to identify
potential differences depending on the
genotype, selected plant parts, and extract
preparation technique.
Material and methods
Biological material
Two genotypes of C. sulphureus (CS-361294)
and C. sulphureus ‘Cosmic Orang’ (CSCO-
368812) different in the color of the ray
florets and their number in the inflorescence
were chosen for the investigation (Fig. 1). The
analyzed plants were grown in the open soil of
the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden.
Samples were taken in sunny weather in
beginning of August 2021.
Plants were analyzed in the flowering
phase. The aboveground biomass of the plants
was divided into parts: inflorescences, leaves,
stems, and roots. The vegetative parts were
crushed. All material was dried at +35 °C using
an electrodryer Ezidri Ultra FD1000 (Czech
Republic).
Climatic characteristics of the region of
growing
Experimental plots of the M.M. Gryshko
National Botanical Garden are characterized
by the forest Atlantic-continental climate. The
average monthly temperature of January is
–3.5 °C, of July – +20.5 °C; absolute minimum
is –32.2 °C; absolute maximum – +39.9 °C.
The average annual rainfall is 649 mm; the
minimum – in October (35 mm); the maximum
rainfall is in July (88 mm) (Vrublevska &
Katerusha, 2012).
Determination of antiradical activity
The investigation of antioxidant capacity
of experimental plants and procedure of
determination of DPPH scavenging activity was
conducted according to Brand-Williams et al.
(1995). This method is based on the inhibition
reaction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) radical with plant extracts. Visually it
is confirmed by the reaction of discoloration.
1 g of plant powder was mixed with 25 ml of
solvent (99.95 % methanol or distilled water)
and extracted for 12 hours at 8000 rpm in the
shaker LT2 (Czech Republic). From the obtained
filtrate, we took 0.1 ml and added it to 3.9 ml
Plant Introduction • 93/94 39
Antioxidant capacity of Cosmos sulphureus plants grown in the temperate climate
of a radical solution. The radical solution was
prepared by the following procedure: 0.025 g
of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl was mixed
with methanol in volumetric flax to get 100 ml.
Obtained solution was diluted (1 : 10) and used
for the next step. The optical density of the
working radical solution ranged from 0.700
to 0.800 units. The antiradical activity was
measured using spectrophotometer UV / VIS
Unico 2800 (USA) at 515 nm wavelength.
Measuring each repetition was done before
adding sample extract and after 10 min with
sample extract. These results are used in the
inhibition equation showing the antioxidant
potential of analyzed extracts. Each sample
was measured in triplicate.
Statistical analysis
The data obtained were expressed as mean ±
standard deviation and were calculated using
IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22.0 (2013, USA).
ANOVA by Fisher’s test was used to determine
the significant effects (p < 0.05). The variation
coefficient was calculated for each variant.
To investigate the relationship between the
values of the antiradical activity of different
plant parts, a bilateral Pearson correlation
analysis was performed at p < 0.001, p < 0.05,
and p < 0.10 significance levels.
Results and discussion
To evaluate the quality of C. sulphureus raw
material serving a food and for prophylactic
purposes, its antiradical activity should be
determined. This study aimed to detect
the combined effect of biologically active
compounds depending on their location
in the plant parts. The inflorescences of
C. sulphureus are edible (Kaisoon et al.,
2012; Lim, 2014; Chensom et al., 2019). The
extract from C. sulphureus inflorescences
showed over 87 % inhibition following DPPH
(Cavaiuolo et al., 2013). In our experiment,
the antiradical activity of methanolic (M) and
water (W) extracts of the inflorescences of
both samples was in ranges of 59.60–71.17 %
and 71.50–81.81 % inhibition, accordingly. The
highest inhibition level was observed in plants
of CS-361294 genotype (Table 1). The mean
values of antioxidant capacity of CS-361294
inflorescences were higher by 11.57 % and
BA
Figure 1. Flowering Cosmos sulphureus plants: A – CS-361294 genotype; B – CSCO-368812 genotype.
40 Plant Introduction • 93/94
O. Andrushchenko, O. Vergun, D. Rakhmetov
10.34 % than in CSCO-368812 genotype in the
water and methanol extracts, respectively.
Analyzing the properties of individual
plant parts, it was found that leaves extracts
had the highest antiradical activity. In both
C. sulphureus genotypes, the inhibition rate
of methanol extracts of the leaves was the
highest. The water extract of CSCO-368812
leaves also demostrated the highest inhibition
rate. However, the water extract of CS-361294
leaves showed relatively lower antiradical
activity (Table 1). The high biological value
of Cosmos leaves as a raw material is also
evidenced by Phuse & Khan (2018).
Smaller number of biologically active
compounds is accumulated in the stems,
but the methanolic extracts of CS-361294
and CSCO-368812 showed the free radical
scavenging activity at medium level – 57.32 %
and 65.93 %, respectively. Water extracts of
C. sulphureus stems had much lower values
in both samples (Table 1). Root extracts were
characterized by low inhibition, which ranged
from 2.54 % to 39.46 %. Small values of variation
coefficient (V < 10%) of the antiradical activity
of the extracts of inflorescences, leaves, stems,
and roots indicate the homogeneity of the
experimental results (Lakin, 1990).
Correlation analysis was used to establish
the relationships between the values of
the antiradical activity of different parts of
the C. sulphureus plants (Table 2). A weak
correlation was found when comparing the
antiradical activity of inflorescences with other
parts of the plant. Instead, the antioxidant
potential of leaves – stems, leaves – roots, and
stems – roots were strongly interrelated.
Assessing the level of antioxidant potential
of plant raw materials is usually quite a
difficult task. This is due to the wide variety
of test systems that use different free radical
inducers and different mechanisms of
action. In the cells of living organisms, many
biochemical processes result in the formation
of free radicals. Excessive accumulation of the
latter is balanced by the action of antioxidants
of various biochemical nature. The great
variety of these processes explains different
methods for assessing antioxidant activity. In
world practice, we see a set of such studies
performed by several methods: DPPH, FRAP,
ORAC, CAA, and NOSA (Nitric oxide scavenging
activity) (Table 3). Our task was to compare
the antioxidant properties of C. sulphureus by
several factors, so we chose the most available
method – DPPH radical scavenging activity.
Inflorescences of C. sulphureus are the
most often consumed, so they attract more
researchers’ attention than other plant organs.
The antioxidant activity of different flowers
was studied by Kaisoon et al. (2012), Chensom
et al. (2019), and Jadav & Gowda (2017). At the
same time, only Phuse & Khan (2018) studies
were performed regarding C. sulphureus
leaves. Thus, there was no complete idea of
the properties of all parts of C. sulphureus.
Our investigations demonstrate the
importance of each C. sulphureus plant
organ in the distribution of compounds with
antioxidant properties. We found the high
Genotype Plant parts
Methanol solvent Water solvent
M ± SD V, % M ± SD V, %
CS-361294 Inflorescences 71.17 ± 0.65 0.92 81.81 ± 0.57 0.69
Leaves 89.12 ± 0.70 0.79 79.81 ± 0.54 0.68
Stems 57.32 ± 0.57 0.99 28.84 ± 0.79 2.74
Roots 39.46 ± 2.75 6.97 10.95 ± 1.21 11.02
CSCO-368812 Inflorescences 59.60 ± 0.43 0.73 71.50 ± 1.24 1.73
Leaves 89.01 ± 0.72 0.81 83.81 ± 0.74 0.88
Stems 65.93 ± 0.77 1.16 19.63 ± 0.38 1.91
Roots 28.78 ± 1.19 4.14 2.54 ± 0.25 9.87
Table 1. Antiradical activity of water and methanol extracts of different parts of Cosmos sulphureus (DPPH
radical reaction), % inhibition.
Note. M – arithmetic mean; SD – standard deviation; V, % – variation coefficient; p < 0.05.
Plant Introduction • 93/94 41
Antioxidant capacity of Cosmos sulphureus plants grown in the temperate climate
antiradical activity of both inflorescences
and leaves (Table 1). However, investigated
antiradical activity of C. sulphureus was
lower than the data presented in known
publications. Probably, the difference could
be explained by the climatic peculiarities of
the regions where the analyzed plants grew.
Most of published studies were realized in the
regions with tropical climates: Bangalore, India
(Jadav & Gowda, 2017); Shegaon, Buldhana
district, India (Phuse & Khan, 2018); Maha
Sarakham, Thailand (Kaisoon et al., 2012).
There are also published data on C. sulphureus
from subtropical climates, i.e., Aichi, Japan
(Chensom et al., 2019). The plants we tested
were cultivated in the temperate climate (Kyiv,
Ukraine).
Inflorescences and leaves have high
values of antioxidant activity. For example,
inflorescences of C. sulphureus demonstrated
87.0–89.9 % inhibition, and its leaves – up
to 80.2 % inhibition (Table 3). However, it is
impossible to compare the data correctly
because they are obtained by different
methods (DPPH and NOSA). In our experiment,
the antiradical activity of methanolic extracts
from the leaves was higher (89.01 % and
89.12 %) than antiradical activity of extracts
from the inflorescences (59.60 % and 71.17 %)
in both genotypes (Table 1). Water extracts did
not show such apparent regularity.
Marginal florets of C. sulphureus have
different color intensities. We did not find data
among the published results on antioxidant
activity depending on this factor. Jang
et al. (2008) studied the inflorescences of
C. bipinnatus Cav. with different pigmentation
intensities, from purple to white, and reported
higher radical scavenging activity in the purple
florets (Table 3). Surprisingly, Jang et al. (2008)
mentioned C. bipinnatus with orange florets,
although this species does not have such
inflorescence coloration (Paniagua-Ibáñez
et al., 2015). We suppose that the authors
misidentified C. bipinnatus with C. sulphureus.
The extract from the florets of this genotype
had one of the highest levels of radical
scavenging activity, close to the C. bipinnatus
florets of purple color (Table 3).
In our experiment, we compared the
antiradical activity of inflorescences with
orange (CS-361294) and red-orange (CSCO-
368812) coloration, but did not find any positive
dependence on the pigmentation intensity.
Both methanolic (71.17 % inhibition) and water
(81.81 % inhibition) extracts of orange florets
dominated over the corresponding extracts of
the red-orange samples (59.60 % and 71.50 %
inhibition, respectively). We observed a similar
trend when studying the content of flavonoids
in the same samples of C. sulphureus
(Andrushchenko & Levon, 2021). The amount of
anthocyanins and chalcones (188.95 and 39.65
mg / 100 g DW, respectively) in inflorescences
of CS-361294 with orange florets was higher
than in CSCO-368812 with more intense
coloration (177.14 and 37.93 mg / 100 g DW,
respectively). The content of flavonols in both
samples was at the same level – 87.79 (orange)
and 87.99 (red-orange) mg / 100 g DW. We can
assume that pigments giving brighter color to
C. sulphureus petals do not have a significant
antioxidant effect, unlike the pigments of
C. bipinnatus.
The choice of solvent for extraction
is essential in identifying the antioxidant
properties of plant raw materials. We chose
methanol and water for comparison, as both
solvents are widely applied in consumer
practice. Among alcoholic solvents, methanol
is preferred because it is more commonly
used for the DPPH method. Testing water
extracts was especially important because
the most common use of C. sulphureus is tea
Plant parts Inflorescences Leaves Stems Roots
Inflorescences 1 -0.28 0.27 0.26 *
Leaves 1 0.84 ** 0.81 ***
Stems 1 0.91
Roots 1
Table 2. Correlation coefficients of a linear relationship between the values of the antiradical activity of
different plant parts in two genotypes of Cosmos sulphureus.
Note. Significance according to the t-test; * – p < 0.10; ** – p < 0.05; *** – p < 0.001.
42 Plant Introduction • 93/94
O. Andrushchenko, O. Vergun, D. Rakhmetov
Species Analyzed plant
parts
Received values Applied assay
*
Applied solvent References
C. sulphureus Florets 87.0 % inhibition DPPH Ethyl acetate Kaisoon et al., 2012
99.9–538.6 μmol Fe2+ / g
DW
FRAP Ethyl acetate Kaisoon et al., 2012
214.8 μmol T Eg / g DW ORAC Ethyl acetate Kaisoon et al., 2012
966.1 μM QE / g DW CAA Ethyl acetate Kaisoon et al., 2012
320.36 μmol T Eg / g DW ORAC Ethyl acetate Chensom et al., 2019
89.87 % inhibition DPPH Methanol Jadav & Gowda, 2017
Leaves 18.1–80.2 % inhibition NOSA Ethyl acetate Phuse & Khan 2018
C. bipinnatus Florets white 1.65 mg / ml DPPH RSA (IC50) Methanol Jang et al., 2008
Florets pink 1.45 mg / ml DPPH RSA (IC50) Methanol Jang et al., 2008
Florets violet 0.61 mg / ml DPPH RSA (IC50) Methanol Jang et al., 2008
Florets orange
**
0.84 mg / ml DPPH RSA (IC50) Methanol Jang et al., 2008
C. caudatus Herb 0.047 mg / ml DPPH RSA (IC50) Methanol Mediani et al., 2013
0.054 mg / ml DPPH RSA (IC50) Ethanol Mediani et al., 2013
Leaves 87.52 % inhibition DPPH 100 % methanol Cheng et al., 2016
63.70 % inhibition DPPH 100 % ethanol Cheng et al., 2016
52.64 % inhibition DPPH 95 % ethanol Cheng et al., 2016
70.85 % inhibition DPPH 50 % ethanol Cheng et al., 2016
30.76 % inhibition DPPH Distilled water Cheng et al., 2016
28.98 % inhibition DPPH Juice Cheng et al., 2016
1197 μmol Fe2+ / g DW FRAP 100 % methanol Cheng et al., 2016
1113.50 μmol Fe2+ / g DW FRAP 100 % ethanol Cheng et al., 2016
840.73 μmol Fe2+ / g DW FRAP 95 % ethanol Cheng et al., 2016
1820.70 μmol Fe2+ / g DW FRAP 50 % ethanol Cheng et al., 2016
392.94 μmol Fe2+ / g DW FRAP Distilled water Cheng et al., 2016
229.85 μmol Fe2+ / g DW FRAP Juice Cheng et al., 2016
Young leaves 502.21 μM / TE / ml FRAP Distilled water Dian-Nashiela et al., 2015
Mature leaves 332.00 μM / TE / ml FRAP Distilled water Dian-Nashiela et al., 2015
Old leaves 239.18 μM / TE / ml FRAP Distilled water Dian-Nashiela et al., 2015
Table 3. Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of Cosmos species.
Note. * – methods are used to evaluate antioxidant activity: FRAP (Ferric reducing ability of plasma),
DPPH (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), ORAC (oxygen
radical absorption capacity) (Kaisoon et al., 2012; Fernandez et al., 2017), CAA (cellular antioxidant activity),
NOSA (Nitric oxide scavenging activity), DPPH RSA (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity);
** – probably it is C. sulphureus.
making. We found that methanolic extracts
are more effective for vegetative organs
(leaves, stems, roots), unlike generative
organs (inflorescences). Water extracts of
inflorescences of both samples had higher
antiradical activity (Table 1). There is no
confirmation of our findings for C. sulphureus
in published sources. However, Cheng et al.
(2016) confirmed the same tendency for
another Cosmos species, C. caudatus Kunth.
In particular, Cheng et al. (2016) showed the
dependence of antioxidant activity on the type
Plant Introduction • 93/94 43
Antioxidant capacity of Cosmos sulphureus plants grown in the temperate climate
of solvent, using DPPH and FRAP methods
and leaves extracts (Table 3). According to
their data, methanol extract has the highest
antioxidant activity (87.52 %) compared to
different concentrations of ethanol and
water extracts when tested by the DPPH
method. When using ethanol as a solvent,
its concentration is important. In particular,
50 % solution had a significant advantage over
higher concentrations, which was especially
shown with the use of the FRAP test system
(Cheng et al., 2016). Similarly, Mediani et al.
(2013) confirmed the greater efficiency of
methanol extracts for C. caudatus (Table 3).
Dian-Nashiela et al. (2015) demonstrated
surprising radical scavenging activity of
C. caudatus plants depending on the maturity
of the leaves. This aspect is not investigated
for C. sulphureus and requires further
explorations.
Conclusions
We found that inflorescences and leaves of
C. sulphureus have the highest antioxidant
activity. Their extracts can effectively
neutralize oxidation products. Stem extracts,
in particular methanol ones, also revealed a
moderate level of antioxidant activity. This
allow the use of all aboveground plant parts
when harvesting raw material. However, leaves
are especially valuable.
As a solvent, methanol was more effective
than water for vegetative organs and vice versa
for inflorescences. This should be stressed in
repetitive tests and taken into account when
developing innovative products.
A significant difference was found when
comparing the antioxidant activity of two
C. sulphureus genotypes, which argue the
need of deeper study of Cosmos plants from
different populations and cultivars.
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44 Plant Introduction • 93/94
O. Andrushchenko, O. Vergun, D. Rakhmetov
Антиоксидантна здатність рослин Cosmos sulphureus за вирощування в умовах
помірного клімату
Олена Андрущенко *, Олена Вергун, Джамал Рахметов
Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Тимірязєвська, 1, Київ, 01014,
Україна; * novaflora@ukr.net
Cosmos sulphureus є адвентивним видом для Європи загалом та України зокрема. Він походить із
Центральної та Південної Америки, де зростає в тропічному та субтропічному кліматі. Умови Києва
характеризуються помірним кліматом з абсолютним мінімумом температури –32,2 °C, абсолютним
максимумом – +39,9 °C та середньорічною кількістю опадів – 649 мм.
Рослини аналізували у фазі квітування, розділяли на суцвіття, листки, стебла та корені. Сушили при
+35 °C та екстрагували метанолом і водою. Визначення антирадикальної активності проводили
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Plant Introduction • 93/94 45
Antioxidant capacity of Cosmos sulphureus plants grown in the temperate climate
за модифікованою методикою за допомогою реакції інгібування радикалів DPPH (2,2-дифеніл-1-
пікрилгідразил). Найвища антирадикальна активність була виявлена у екстрактів суцвіть (59,60–
81,81 % інгібування) та листків (79,81–89,12 % інгібування). Екстракти стебел мали середній рівень
інгібування (19,63–65,93 %), а екстракти коренів – лише 2,54–39,46 % інгібування. Кореляційний
аналіз показав сильну залежність між листками і стеблами (r = 0,84), листками і коренями (r = 0,81), а
також стеблами і коренями (r = 0,91).
Виявлено, що екстракти рослин C. sulphureus вирощених в умовах помірного клімату, мають
високий антиоксидантний потенціал, але нижчий, ніж дослідники повідомляють для тропічних і
субтропічних регіонів. З'ясовано, що більша інтенсивність забарвлення крайових квіток суцвіття не
свідчить про більш високу антирадикальну активність як метанольного, так і водного екстрактів.
Метанольний і водний екстракти суцвіть яскраво забарвленого генотипу CSCO-368812 інгібували
лише 59,60 % і 71,50 % радикалів, в той час як аналогічні екстракти генотипу CS-361294 зі світлішими
суцвіттями – 71,17 % і 81,81 % радикалів, відповідно. При цьому, існує відмінність у ефективності
інгібування залежно від використаного екстрагента. Метанольні екстракти вегетативних органів
(листки, стебла, корені) мали вищу антирадикальною активність аніж водні. Натомість для суцвіть
обох генотипів водні екстракти продемонстрували вищий рівень антирадикальної активності.
Ключові слова: Cosmos sulphureus, антирадикальна активність, DPPH, метанольний екстракт, водний екстракт
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| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1601 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:54:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/6d/c9d475bc66bf0373d5c5e7fe5c41856d.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-16012023-08-26T20:38:56Z Antioxidant capacity of Cosmos sulphureus plants grown in the temperate climate Антиоксидантна здатність рослин Cosmos sulphureus за вирощування в умовах помірного клімату Andrushchenko, Olena Vergun, Olena Rakhmetov, Dzhamal Cosmos sulphureus is an adventitious species for Europe and Ukraine in particular. It originates from Central and South America, where it grows in tropical and subtropical climates. The climatic conditions of Kyiv are characterized as temperate, with an absolute temperature minimum of –32.2 °C, an absolute maximum of +39.9 °C, and average annual rainfall of 649 mm.Plants were analyzed in the flowering phase, divided into inflorescences, leaves, stems, and roots, dried at +35 °C and then extracted with methanol and water. The determination of the antiradical activity was carried out according to a modified method using a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical inhibition reaction. The highest antiradical activity was detected in inflorescences (59.60–81.81 % inhibition) and leaves (79.81–89.12 % inhibition). Stem extracts had an average level of inhibition (19.63–65.93 %), and root extracts showed only 2.54–39.46 % inhibition. Correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between leaves and stems (r = 0.84), leaves and roots (r = 0.81), and stems and roots (r = 0.91).Extracts of C. sulphureus plants grown in temperate climate were found having a high antioxidant potential but lower than that reported for tropical and subtropical regions. It was found that higher intensity of coloration of marginal florets of the capitulum does not correlate with a higher antiradical activity. Methanolic and water extracts of inflorescences of the genotype CSCO-368812 with intensilly colored perianth inhibited only 59.60 % and 71.50 % of radicals, while similar extracts of the genotype CS-361294 with lighter florets inhibited 71.17 % and 81.81 % of radicals, respectively. Instead, there was a difference in antiradical activity depending on applied extractant. Methanolic extracts of vegetative organs (leaves, stems, roots) prevail over water extracts in terms of their antiradical activity. However, water extracts of inflorescences of both genotypes demonstrated higher level of antiradical activity. Cosmos sulphureus є адвентивним видом для Європи загалом та України зокрема. Він походить із Центральної та Південної Америки, де зростає в тропічному та субтропічному кліматі. Умови Києва характеризуються помірним кліматом з абсолютним мінімумом температури –32,2 °C, абсолютним максимумом – +39,9 °C та середньорічною кількістю опадів – 649 мм.Рослини аналізували у фазі квітування, розділяли на суцвіття, листки, стебла та корені. Сушили при +35 °C та екстрагували метанолом і водою. Визначення антирадикальної активності проводили за модифікованою методикою за допомогою реакції інгібування радикалів DPPH (2,2-дифеніл-1-пікрилгідразил). Найвища антирадикальна активність була виявлена у екстрактів суцвіть (59,60–81,81 % інгібування) та листків (79,81–89,12 % інгібування). Екстракти стебел мали середній рівень інгібування (19,63–65,93 %), а екстракти коренів – лише 2,54–39,46 % інгібування. Кореляційний аналіз показав сильну залежність між листками і стеблами (r = 0,84), листками і коренями (r = 0,81), а також стеблами і коренями (r = 0,91).Виявлено, що екстракти рослин C. sulphureus вирощених в умовах помірного клімату, мають високий антиоксидантний потенціал, але нижчий, ніж дослідники повідомляють для тропічних і субтропічних регіонів. З'ясовано, що більша інтенсивність забарвлення крайових квіток суцвіття не свідчить про більш високу антирадикальну активність як метанольного, так і водного екстрактів. Метанольний і водний екстракти суцвіть яскраво забарвленого генотипу CSCO-368812 інгібували лише 59,60 % і 71,50 % радикалів, в той час як аналогічні екстракти генотипу CS-361294 зі світлішими суцвіттями – 71,17 % і 81,81 % радикалів, відповідно. При цьому, існує відмінність у ефективності інгібування залежно від використаного екстрагента. Метанольні екстракти вегетативних органів (листки, стебла, корені) мали вищу антирадикальною активність аніж водні. Натомість для суцвіть обох генотипів водні екстракти продемонстрували вищий рівень антирадикальної активності. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2022-04-28 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1601 10.46341/PI2021021 Plant Introduction; No 93/94 (2022); 37-45 Інтродукція Рослин; № 93/94 (2022); 37-45 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI93-94 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1601/1527 Copyright (c) 2022 Olena Andrushchenko, Olena Vergun, Dzhamal Rakhmetov http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Andrushchenko, Olena Vergun, Olena Rakhmetov, Dzhamal Антиоксидантна здатність рослин Cosmos sulphureus за вирощування в умовах помірного клімату |
| title | Антиоксидантна здатність рослин Cosmos sulphureus за вирощування в умовах помірного клімату |
| title_alt | Antioxidant capacity of Cosmos sulphureus plants grown in the temperate climate |
| title_full | Антиоксидантна здатність рослин Cosmos sulphureus за вирощування в умовах помірного клімату |
| title_fullStr | Антиоксидантна здатність рослин Cosmos sulphureus за вирощування в умовах помірного клімату |
| title_full_unstemmed | Антиоксидантна здатність рослин Cosmos sulphureus за вирощування в умовах помірного клімату |
| title_short | Антиоксидантна здатність рослин Cosmos sulphureus за вирощування в умовах помірного клімату |
| title_sort | антиоксидантна здатність рослин cosmos sulphureus за вирощування в умовах помірного клімату |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1601 |
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