Buchumschlag

Флора ботаніко-географічної ділянки “Степи України” у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України

In 2020–2022, the complete taxonomic composition of the flora for the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG) was studied and analyzed. This plot was established at the NBG in 1949 to demonstrate the floristic diversi...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Datum:2022
Hauptverfasser: Gritsenko, Victoria, Shynder, Oleksandr
Format: Artikel
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2022
Online Zugang:https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1621
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Назва журналу:Plant Introduction
Завантажити файл: Pdf

Institution

Plant Introduction
_version_ 1860145139809255424
author Gritsenko, Victoria
Shynder, Oleksandr
author_facet Gritsenko, Victoria
Shynder, Oleksandr
author_sort Gritsenko, Victoria
baseUrl_str https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/oai
collection OJS
datestamp_date 2023-08-26T20:38:45Z
description In 2020–2022, the complete taxonomic composition of the flora for the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG) was studied and analyzed. This plot was established at the NBG in 1949 to demonstrate the floristic diversity of the Ukrainian Steppes ex situ. According to the inventory results, 347 species and infraspecific taxa from 196 genera and 53 families of higher vascular plants were recorded in the flora of the plot. The steppic component of this plot joins 213 species and infraspecific taxa (61.38 % of the total number of inventoried taxa) belonging to the collection fund and representing the flora of the Steppes of Ukraine, 126 species and infraspecific taxa (36.31 %) of which are introduced plants and 87 species and infraspecific taxa (25.07 %) are native plants. During the inventory, spontaneously growing plants that are not a part of the collection fund were precisely studied. Among inventoried plants, native non-steppic plants are represented by 46 species and infraspecific taxa (13.26 %); alien plants – by 88 taxa (25.36 %), including ergasiophygophytes (45 taxa, 12.97 %) and xenophytes (43 taxa, 12.39 %). The plants of the collection fund predominate on the plot and form the main vegetation cover.Currently, the taxonomic composition of the plot is similar to the characteristics of regional meadow-steppes. The perennials dominate in the biomorphological structure of the plot’s flora (63.69 %), which is typical for the steppic phytocoenoses. In general, a significant number of trees is present here (5.48 %), which is explained by the forest communities surrounding the plot and, as a result, their active self-sowing. Hemicryptophytes prevail in the plot’s flora (60.52 %). Nevertheless, the collection fund of the plot is distinguished by the absence of trees, a greater number of perennials (79.34 %), and hemicryptophytes (72.77 %). The steppic (33.33 %) and marginal (33.33 %) plants prevail in the collection fund, while the amount of meadow plants (18.78 %) is still significant. In the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, most of the rare introduced plants formed stable homeostatic introduction coenopopulations. Among them, 15 species and rare infraspecific taxa are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine.
doi_str_mv 10.46341/PI2022020
first_indexed 2025-07-17T12:54:10Z
format Article
fulltext © The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license. Plant Introduction, 95/96, 96–129 (2022) RESEARCH ARTICLE Flora of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine  Victoria Gritsenko *,  Oleksandr Shynder ** M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Timiryazevska str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine; * gritsenkoviktoria@gmail.com, ** shinderoleksandr@gmail.com Received: 30.09.2022 | Accepted: 11.11.2022 | Published online: 21.11.2022 Abstract In 2020–2022, the complete taxonomic composition of the flora for the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG) was studied and analyzed. This plot was established at the NBG in 1949 to demonstrate the floristic diversity of the Ukrainian Steppes ex situ. According to the inventory results, 347 species and infraspecific taxa from 196 genera and 53 families of higher vascular plants were recorded in the flora of the plot. The steppic component of this plot joins 213 species and infraspecific taxa (61.38 % of the total number of inventoried taxa) belonging to the collection fund and representing the flora of the Steppes of Ukraine, 126 species and infraspecific taxa (36.31 %) of which are introduced plants and 87 species and infraspecific taxa (25.07 %) are native plants. During the inventory, spontaneously growing plants that are not a part of the collection fund were precisely studied. Among inventoried plants, native non-steppic plants are represented by 46 species and infraspecific taxa (13.26 %); alien plants – by 88 taxa (25.36 %), including ergasiophygophytes (45 taxa, 12.97 %) and xenophytes (43 taxa, 12.39 %). The plants of the collection fund predominate on the plot and form the main vegetation cover. Currently, the taxonomic composition of the plot is similar to the characteristics of regional meadow- steppes. The perennials dominate in the biomorphological structure of the plot’s flora (63.69 %), which is typical for the steppic phytocoenoses. In general, a significant number of trees is present here (5.48 %), which is explained by the forest communities surrounding the plot and, as a result, their active self- sowing. Hemicryptophytes prevail in the plot’s flora (60.52 %). Nevertheless, the collection fund of the plot is distinguished by the absence of trees, a greater number of perennials (79.34 %), and hemicryptophytes (72.77 %). The steppic (33.33 %) and marginal (33.33 %) plants prevail in the collection fund, while the amount of meadow plants (18.78 %) is still significant. In the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, most of the rare introduced plants formed stable homeostatic introduction coenopopulations. Among them, 15 species and rare infraspecific taxa are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. Keywords: artificial phytocoenosis, flora structure, plant introduction, native plants, alien plants, rare taxa https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2022020 UDC 58.006:581.93+502.75(477-25) Authors’ contributions: Both authors (Gritsenko V. & Shynder O.) contributed equally: set tasks, conducted field investigations, identified plant samples, and wrote the manuscript. Funding: The work has been conducted within the research program of the Department of Natural Flora of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2020–2024 “Botanical and geographical principles of protection of floristic diversity and the formation of the introduction populations of plants” (state registration number 0120U000174). Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-6977 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-0873 Plant Introduction • 95/96 97 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden Introduction Floristic studies of certain areas (Grechyshkina, 2010), clarification of the current state of urban floras (Biliavskyi, 2021), and inventory of spontaneous floras of botanical gardens and arboretums (Kovtoniuk, 2021; Shynder et al., 2022) are the current issues. Floristic investigations on higher vascular plants were implemented in many botanical gardens, in particular, in Japan (Kurosawa et  al., 1995), Poland (Galera & Sudnik-Wójcikowska, 2004), Armenia (Akopian, 2011), Romania (Szatmari & Căprar, 2015), the United States of America (Atha et al., 2016), Indonesia (Manan et al., 2016), Brazil (Silva et al., 2020), Lithuania (Vainoriene, 2021), and Ukraine (Borsukevych & Prokopiv, 2012). In the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG), such studies of the taxonomic diversity of natural and cultivated plants were also conducted (Shynder, 2015, 2019; Shynder et  al., 2020, 2022; Shynder & Negrash, 2022). In botanical gardens, arboretums and other botanical institutions, plant collections can be presented according to various principles: systematic, utilitarian, ecological or botanical- geographical. The outstanding geographer and botanist A.M. Krasnov first proposed and successfully tested the botanical-geographical principle of plant representation in the Batumi Botanical Garden (Melnyk et  al., 2018). The scientific principle of the creation of plantations of introduced plants was also applied in the plots of the Department of Natural Flora at the NBG. The collections of living plants from different regions of the temperate zone of Eurasia are presented here in the botanical- geographical plots “Forests of the plain part of Ukraine”, “Steppes of Ukraine”, “Ukrainian Carpathians”, “Crimea”, “Caucasus”, “Central Asia”, “Altai and Western Siberia”, and “Far East”. The taxonomic inventory of introduced, native and alien plants was carried out for the botanical-geographical plot “Caucasus” based on modern systematics principles (Shynder & Kruglyak, 2014; Shynder, 2015; Didenko & Shynder, 2020). A similar inventory was also carried out in the botanical-geographical plot “Central Asia” (Shynder & Negrash, 2022). Taking into account the positive experience, the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine was the consequent step of a complete inventory of the NBG vegetation cover. Natural conditions The NBG is located in the southeast of the historical center of Kyiv, near the northern natural border of the Forest Steppe (Fig.  1  A) and the north border of the physiographic region of the Kyiv Plateau (Bagmet & Palienko, 2006). In turn, the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” is located in the southeastern part of the NBG (Fig.  1 B) and is mainly surrounded by tree plantations of other plots (i.e., “Altai and Western Siberia”, “Forests of the plain part of Ukraine”, and “Ukrainian Carpathians”). The eastern part of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” adjoins the high, steep slope of the Dnepr River, covered with trees too. As a result, trees and other forest species from nearby communities penetrate the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”. The plot “Steppes of Ukraine” has polygonal shape (Fig.  1  C) and area ca. 2.5 ha. The numbers of landmarks that were placed on the corners of this polygon are indicated in Fig.  1  C. Corresponding numbers are also indicated in Table 1, where the coordinates of the landmarks are shown. The botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, in general, is characterized by a flat topography (Fig.  2). However, there are microclimatic features caused by an open area with a slight inclination (ca. 10°) in the southeast direction (Fig. 2). Due to the surface exposure, the indicators of the thermal regime in this territory are somewhat higher, in comparison with the surrounding forest communities. There is no artificial irrigation. Anti-erosion drainage ditches run along the southeastern edge of the plot. The soils on the plot are gray forestal, acidic, or slightly acidic, with a pH of 5.6 to 6.8. Before the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” was established, the native forest communities were probably located there. Currently, grassy plants (Fig. 2) mostly represent the vegetation cover of the plot. Therefore, during the growing season, this cultural phytocoenosis requires artificial support (ie., removal of self-sowing trees and shrubs and highly active and aggressive adventive plants). Only thanks to these measures can the overall steppe appearance of the plot be ensured (Fig. 2). 98 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder In the spring and summer, this territory subjected to anthropogenic influence (e.g., recreational load), negatively affecting the vegetation cover. Every autumn, after the end of the growing season, its grass cover is mowed to maintain the aesthetic appearance of the plot. The natural conditions in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” primarily differ from those in the natural steppes and are rather close to the meadow-steppes of the Kyiv Plateau (Gritsenko, 2007, 2009), which are geographically located in the geographic zone of Forest-Steppe (Marynych et  al., 2003). According to modern ideas, the study area is situated within the Palaearctic steppe biome (Wesche et al., 2016). A B C Figure 1. Geographical location of the study area: A – location of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG); B – boundaries of the NBG (1) and botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (2), C – area configuration of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and angular landmarks along its perimeter (1–18). Plant Introduction • 95/96 99 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden Historical overview The flora and vegetation of the steppes were studied in different regions of Ukraine (Barbarych, 1973; Krytska, 1985; Eremko, 1995; Babko, 1999; Goncharenko, 2000). The flora and vegetation in general (Chopyk et  al., 1998; Fitsaylo, 2000), in the steppes (Korotchenko & Fitsaylo, 2003; Gritsenko, 2007), and in the protected meadow-steppe areas (Kucheryava et  al., 2007; Doiko, 2014) were studied on the territory of the Kyiv Plateau. Parnikoza et  al. (2009) collected information on steppe areas in the Kyiv region and analyzed the state of in  situ protection of steppes in this region. The botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” was established at the NBG in 1949 to demonstrate the floristic diversity of the Ukrainian Steppes ex situ. It was constructed according to the techno-working project of Professor O.I.  Sokolovsky (Borodina, 1972). After 70 years of its existence, in 2019, the Nr Decimal latitude and longitute, ° Nr Decimal latitude and longitute, ° 1 50.412355, 30.564414 10 50.412427, 30.567158 2 50.412451, 30.564760 11 50.412062, 30.567103 3 50.412294, 30.565191 12 50.411597, 30.566746 4 50.412205, 30.565347 13 50.411209, 30.566078 5 50.412347, 30.565831 14 50.411056, 30.565863 6 50.412342, 30.566249 15 50.411273, 30.565771 7 50.412453, 30.566423 16 50.411357, 30.565699 8 50.412323, 30.566609 17 50.411506, 30.565347 9 50.412487, 30.567091 18 50.411615, 30.564888 Table 1. Angular landmarks of the botanical- geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG. Figure 2. General appearance of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG in May (A), June (B), July (C), and August (D). 100 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder history of the introduction of plants and scientific activity in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” was analyzed and four periods were distinguished (Gritsenko, 2019b): І (1949–1969) – large-scale intensive primary introduction of a significant number of representatives of the flora of the steppes of Ukraine; ІІ  (1970–1990) – the beginning of research of the biology, morphology, decorative and medicinal properties, and ontogenesis of introduced plants (Borodina, 1970, 1972, 1976a, 1976b, 1977, 1983); ІІІ  (1991– 2000) – initial stages in the study of introduction populations of steppe plants (Parubok, 2000); IV (2001–2019) – enrichment and replenishment of the collection of introduced plants, restoration of lost rare species, floristic (Gritsenko, 2004, 2009, 2017b, 2019c; Shynder, 2019), population (Melnik et al., 2003, 2018; Gritsenko, 2004, 2009, 2017a, 2019a; Melnyk & Parubok, 2004), ontogenetic (Gnatiuk & Gritsenko, 2019) and other phytodiverse studies (Maryushkina & Gritsenko, 2002; Maryushkina, 2003; Gritsenko, 2019b, 2019c). During this time, certain groups of plants were characterized and analyzed: ephemeroids, rarities, bushes, adventive plants, tumbleweeds, and decorative flowering plants (Gritsenko, 2012, 2019a). In 2020–2022, morphological, phenological, and population studies of rare species were conducted at the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (Gritsenko, 2020, 2021, 2022). Besides this, the phytoinvasion and conservation of phytodiversity were in also considered. Thus, artificial phytocoenosis modeled on the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” for many years served as an experimental platform for different botanical studies. Since the establishment of the botanical- geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, many theoretical and practical scientific outputs were accumulated to consider the results of the large-scale purposeful introduction of steppe plants at the NBG. However, the long-term and non-linear development of the plot required the complete revision of its taxonomic composition (taking into account introduced, native, and alien plants). Hence, our research aimed to clarify, supplement, analyze and summarize the information on the flora of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at present. Material and methods The research was conducted in 2020– 2022. Due to different weather and climate conditions in these years, the composition of introduced and alien plants that vegetated in these years slightly differed. In 2020, the growing season started very early, at the end of February, and the spring was dry. In 2021–2022, the growing season started later; it began in mid-March, while the first half of the growing season was cold and prolonged. In 2022, the investigations were temporarily suspended due to the invasion of Russian terroristic forces into Ukraine and active hostilities in the vicinity of Kyiv. Despite these issues, detailed research over the past three years has allowed us to sufficiently complete and clarify the taxonomic diversity of the flora of this plot. The flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” included all taxa within its boundaries (Fig.  1  B,  C; Table 1). A complete checklist of the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” is given in Appendix. The nomenclature of taxa is provided following POWO (2022). For the study, all plants found on the plot were divided into three blocks and five groups by their origin in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (i.e., immigration groups). Block 1. Collection fund – representatives of the flora of the Steppes of Ukraine. This block includes two groups. Group 1 of introduced plants – representatives of the flora of the Ukrainian Steppes. These are predominantly herbaceous perennials, rarely other biomorphs introduced from natural steppe phytocoenoses of the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones of Ukraine. Group 2 of native plants – representatives of the flora of the Ukrainian steppes, which grow naturally in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, and are also background plants in the natural regional meadow-steppe plots. These are mostly herbaceous perennials, less often shrubs. Ecologically and coenotically, these are mainly steppe, marginal, and meadow plants; less often, they are confined to other phytocoenoses. Block 2. Native non-steppic plants. It includes a single Group 3 of native plants that grow naturally in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, but are not representatives of the flora of the Ukrainian Steppes. These are mostly forest Plant Introduction • 95/96 101 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden and synanthropic species, and sometimes these are species of wetlands. Block 3. Alien plants. It includes two groups. Group 4 of ergasiophygophytes (escaped plants) – naturalized ergasiophytes previously introduced in other plots of the NBG, and later spontaneously spread beyond their borders. Four types of non-steppic plants, which were probably meaningly planted in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (i.e., Lonicera tatarica L., Hepatica nobilis Schreb., Lycium barbatum  L., and Vitis amurensis Rupr.) are also included here. Group 5 of xenophytes – independently entered alien plants that represent a background element of most urbanized and synanthropized landscapes. These are mostly annuals from the southern regions of Eurasia (Mediterranean and Asia) and North America. Detailing such plants by the time of penetration, we can distinguish archaeophytes (subgroup 5a), which penetrated the flora of Ukraine by the end of the 15th century, and kenophytes (subgroup 5b), which penetrated Ukrainian flora starting from the 16th century (Thellung, 1922; Mosyakin & Yavorska, 2002; Shynder, 2019). The adventization level (AL) was determined by the following formula: AL = y × 100 / x, where x – the total number of valid taxa of higher vascular plants, y – the number of taxa of alien species. Eight other systematic categories, which are not objects of traditional floristic analyses (e.g., microspecies, forms, hybrids, etc.) were also noted among the inventoried plants. The collection fund is precisely the core that reflects the steppe essence of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”. Therefore it requires in-depth research, preservation, enrichment, and protection. In this regard, a comparison was made between the entire flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, the flora of the collection fund of the plot, and the regional steppic flora. The percentage difference (PD) between the two compared operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in Tables 3–9 was calculated by the formula: PD = 100 – y × 100 / x, where x – number of taxa in the first OTU, y – number of taxa in the second OTU. To establish the biomorphological structure of the flora, the classification of life forms of plants was carried out according to two generally accepted schemes. The primary life forms of plants were distinguished based on the standard scheme of Clements (1920) according to the stem lignification and duration of life. Clements (1920) divided woody perennials into trees, shrubs, bushes, and half-shrubs. To avoid confusion, we have distinguished trees, shrubs, sub-shrubs (dwarf shrubs), and half-shrubs (plants with only the bases of the stems become woody). In addition, woody lianas were distinguished (Sokolov & Svyazeva, 1965). The most common classification of plant life forms or ecobiomorphs of Raunkiaer (1934) was also applied. According to Raunkiaer (1934), plants are classified by the plant growth point (bud) location during the less favorable seasons. To establish the ecological and coenotic structure of the flora, the plants were divided according to the types of their habitats. In this regard, one of the most detailed and accepted in Eastern Europe is Belgard’s plant ecomorph system (Baranovski et al., 2018). Reference sources (Prokudin, 1987; Sobko & Mordatenko, 2004) were used to identify plants. Funds of the Herbarium of the NBG (KWHA) were also applied to identify introduced plants. Photographs were taken with a Canon Power Shot SD 4000 IS ELPH and mobile digital cameras. Many of captured plant photos are featured on the iNaturalist web resource in the projects “Biota of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in Gryshko NBG” (https://www.inaturalist. org/projects/biota-of-the-plot-steppes-of- ukraine-in-gryshko-nbg) and “Flora of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden” (https:// www.inaturalist.org/projects/flora-of-m-m- gryshko-national-botanical-garden). Results and discussion Taxonomic diversity of flora According to the results of the study, 347 taxa of higher vascular plants (i.e., species and subspecies) from 196 genera and 53 families were recorded within the botanical- geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (Appendix). Among them, one species, Ephedra distachya L., represents gymnosperms (0.29 % of the total number of taxa), 68 taxa (19.60 %) https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/biota-of-the-plot-steppes-of-ukraine-in-gryshko-nbg https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/biota-of-the-plot-steppes-of-ukraine-in-gryshko-nbg https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/biota-of-the-plot-steppes-of-ukraine-in-gryshko-nbg https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/flora-of-m-m-gryshko-national-botanical-garden https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/flora-of-m-m-gryshko-national-botanical-garden https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/flora-of-m-m-gryshko-national-botanical-garden 102 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder represent monocots, and 278 taxa (80.11 %) – eudicots (Tables 2 & 3). Native plants are characterized by the largest number of taxa – 133 taxa (38.33 %). In second place is a group of introduced representatives of the flora of the Steppes of Ukraine – 126 taxa (36.31 %) (Table 2). The collection fund includes 213 taxa (61.38 %) representing the flora of the steppes of Ukraine from 128 genera (65.31 %) and 35 families (66.04 %). Among them, one species (0.29 %) is from gymnosperms, 52 taxa (14.98 %) of monocots, and 160 (46.11 %) of eudicots (Tables 2 & 3). In particular, the collection fund includes 126 taxa (36.31 %) of introduced representatives and 87 taxa (25.07 %) of native representatives of the flora of the steppes of Ukraine (Table  2). Forty-six taxa (13.26 %) are native non-steppic plants. Eighty-eight taxa (25.36 %) should be considered alien, among which groups of ergasiophygophytes (45 taxa, 12.97 %) and xenophytes (43 taxa, 12.39 %) are almost equal in volume (Table 2). The level of adventitization (25.36 %) is relatively low, considering the artificial origin of this culturphytocoenosis and a significant number of ergasiophygophytes. Thus, the flora of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” has a complex structure according to five main groups of taxa (Table 2). In general, in the artificially created phytocoenosis at the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, plants of the collection fund (i.e., representatives of the flora of the steppes of Higher taxa Entire flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” Immigration groups 1 2 3 4 5 Plants introduced from the Ukrainian Steppes Native plants Alien plants Steppic plants Non- steppic plants Ergasio- phygophytes Xenophytes 5a 5b Collection fund Archaeo- phytes Keno- phytes Number of taxa / % Gymnosperms Gnetopsida 1 / 0.29 1 / 0.29 0 / 0 0 / 0 0 / 0 0 / 0 0 / 0 Angiosperms Monocots 68/ 19.60 35 / 10.08 17 / 4.90 3 / 0.86 5 / 1.44 7 / 2.02 1 / 0.29 Angiosperms Eudicots 278/ 80.11 90 / 25.94 70 / 20.17 43 / 12.40 40 / 11.53 23 / 6.62 12 / 3.46 Total 347 / 100 126 / 36.31 87 / 25.07 46 / 13.26 45 / 12.97 30 / 8.64 13 / 3.75 133 / 38.33 43 / 12.39 213 / 61.38 46 / 13.26 88 / 25.36 Table 2. Diversity of higher taxa of the flora of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG. Taxonomic units Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” Collection fund Percentage difference (PD), % Number of taxa / % Families 53 / 100.00 35 / 66.04 +33.96 Genera 196 / 100.00 128 / 65.31 +34.69 Species and lower taxa 347 / 100.00 213 / 61.38 +38.62 Table 3. Comparison of the number of taxonomic units of the flora of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG and its collection fund. Plant Introduction • 95/96 103 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden Ukraine) prevail by the number of taxa and also dominate in the plant cover (Table 2). In the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, the number of taxa of the entire flora is undoubtedly higher than that of the collection fund (Table  3). However, the contribution of the collection fund in a general number of the taxa is relatively high. Taxa of the collection fund represent over half the entire flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”. The flora of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, if compared with the regional flora of the meadow steppes (Gritsenko, 2007) or entire regional flora (Fitsaylo, 2000), is expectedly characterized by a lower number of taxa (Table 4). The smallest (–7.55 %) is the PD between the number of families of the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and the regional flora of the meadow steppes. PDs between the number of taxa in the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and the entire regional flora (Fitsaylo, 2000) are very high (Table  4). Therefore, considering a certain number of common native and alien plants that these floras share, it is more appropriate to compare the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” with the regional flora of the meadow steppes. Compared with other botanical- geographical plots of the NBG, the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” has a high level of floristic diversity – 347 taxa are spread on ca.  2.5  ha (Table 5). The number of taxa in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” lies within the frames inherent to the other botanical-geographical plots of the NBG. PD of the number of taxa in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” from other botanical-geographical plots of the NBG ranges from –17.00 % to +54.76 %. The smallest (–1.44 %) is the PD between the number of taxa in the plots “Steppes of Ukraine” and “Crimea” (Table 5). Taxonomic units Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (original data, 2022) Flora of meadow steppes of the Kyiv Plateau (Gritsenko, 2007) Percentage difference (PD), % Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (original data, 2022) Complete flora of the Kyiv Plateau (Fitsaylo, 2000) Percentage difference (PD), % Number of taxa Number of taxa Families 53 57 –7.55 53 120 –126.42 Genera 196 272 –38.78 196 507 –158.67 Species and infraspecies 347 548 –57.93 347 1222 –252.16 Table 4. Comparison of the number of taxonomic units of the flora of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG and regional natural floras. The name of the botanical-geographical plot of the NBG Area, ha Number of taxa Percentage difference (PD), % “Forests of the plain part of Ukraine” 12,0 360 (Melnyk et al., 2018) –3.75 “Steppes of Ukraine” 2,5 347 (original data, 2022) 0.00 “Ukrainian Carpathians” 6,0 297 (Shynder, 2015) +14.41 “Crimea” 2,5 352 (Shynder, 2015) –1.44 “Caucasus” 6.0 406 (Shynder, 2015) –17.00 “Central Asia” 3,5 308 (Shynder & Negrash, 2022) +11.24 “Altai and Western Siberia” 1,8 157 (Shynder, 2015) +54.76 “Far East” 6.0 186 (Shynder, 2015) +46.40 Table 5. Difference between the taxa representativeness in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and other botanical-geographical plots of the NBG. 104 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder Ten leading families usually reflect the main characteristics of the flora. The plot “Steppes of Ukraine” shares eight of the ten leading families (i.e., Asteraceae, Fabaceae. Poaceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Caryophyllaceae) with the regional flora of meadow steppes (Gritsenko, 2007; Kucheryava et al., 2007). However, most of shared families occupy different ranks (except Asteraceae and Rosaceae) within compared floras. Nine leading families are shared for the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and its collection fund. The ranks of the first three families coincide for these two floras, but the other six shared families occupy different ranks (Table 6). PD of the taxonomic diversity within the shared leading families of the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and its collection fund ranges from –35.55 % to +25.29 % . The smallest PDs are recorded for Lamiaceae (–3.11 %), Poaceae (–6.70 %), and Plantaginaceae (–8.56 %). The Brassicaceae family, dominated by alien taxa, was not included in the ten leading families of the collection fund. The largest genera of regional meadow steppes (i.e., Campanula, Carex, Centaurea, Potentilla, Veronica, and Vicia) are pretty well represented in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG. Thus, the taxonomic composition of the flora of this plot in general and its collection fund in particular, are similar to the taxonomic composition of the regional meadow steppes flora. Biomorphological structure of the flora The biomorphological structure of the flora reflects the results of its formation under regional ecological and climatic conditions. Steppe phytocoenoses are primarily herbaceous communities dominated by herbaceous perennials and other life forms of steppe plants: subshrubs, half-shrubs, and biennials (Zyman, 1976; Fitsaylo, 2000). All terrestrial life forms of plants of the regional flora are represented in the biomorphological structure of the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (Table  7). Among them, perennials predominate (63.69 %), like in the regional flora of meadow steppes (60.04 %) (Gritsenko, 2007). The flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” includes 19 tree species (5.48 %) (Table  7), 12 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” Collection fund Percentage difference (PD), %Rank Family Number of taxa % Rank Family Number of taxa % 1 Asteraceae 44 12.68 1 Asteraceae 31 14.55 –14.75 2 Fabaceae 31 8.93 2 Fabaceae 24 11.27 –26.20 3 Poaceae 29 8.36 3 Poaceae 19 8.92 –6.70 4 Rosaceae 24 6.92 4 Ranunculaceae 13 6.11 –17.73 5–6 Lamiaceae 19 5.47 5 Lamiaceae 12 5.64 –3.11 5–6 Brassicaceae 19 5.47 6 Rosaceae 11 5.17 25.29 7 Ranunculaceae 18 5.19 7–10 Apiaceae 10 4.69 –25.07 8 Plantaginaceae 15 4.32 7–10 Asparagaceae 10 4.69 –35.55 9 Apiaceae 13 3.75 7–10 Caryophyllaceae 10 4.69 –35.55 10 Caryophyllaceae or Asparagaceae 12 3.46 7–10 Plantaginaceae 10 4.69 –8.56 1–3 In three leading families 104 29.97 1–3 In three leading families 74 34.74 –15.92 1–10 In ten leading families 224 64.55 1–10 In ten leading families 150 70.42 –9.09 Total in 53 families 347 100.00 Total in 35 families 213 100.00 0.00 Table 6. Difference between the leading families shared for the entire flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and its collection fund. Plant Introduction • 95/96 105 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of which (3.46 %) are native to Ukraine. This contrast with only three tree species (0.55 %) recorded for the regional flora of meadow steppes of the Kyiv Plateau (Gritsenko, 2007). A significant number of trees in the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” is due to the close allocation of the forest communities to the plot and the associated active formation of self-seeding and undergrowth of trees. The total presence of shrubs and subshrubs in the flora of the plot is 6.05 % (Table  7), while in the flora of meadow steppes of the Kyiv Plateau, there is 7.48 % of shrubs and subshrubs. The presence of other life forms in the flora of the plot and the flora of meadow steppes of the Kyiv Plateau also slightly differ (Gritsenko, 2007). Perennials also are the most represented (79.34 %) in the collection fund of the plot (Table  7). PD between the plant life forms of the entire flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and its collection fund is the smallest for biennials (–1.08 %), and the largest (+100.00 %) for trees and lianas, which are absent in the collection fund of the plot at all. Following Raunkiaer’s (1934) classification, hemicryptophytes (60.52 %) prevail in the biomorphological structure of the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (Table  8). Hemicryptophytes are more abundant here than in the regional flora of meadow steppes, where they compile only 50.55 % (Gritsenko, 2007). In the collection fund of the plot, the percentage of hemicryptophytes (72.77 %) is even higher. PD between plant life forms represented in the entire flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and its collection fund ranges from –62.07 % to +59.23 %. The smallest PD is recorded for cryptophytes (–10.93 %), while for other life forms, it is much higher. The biomorphological structure of the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (Tables 7 & 8) is generally close to the corresponding structure of flora of natural steppe ecosystems (Babko, 1999; Doiko, 2014), in particular regional meadow steppes (Gritsenko, 2007). However, the surrounding of the plot by forest communities and the related formation of self-seeding and undergrowth of trees resulted in a much higher presence of trees. Nevertheless, the biomorphological structure of the core of the plot, the collection fund, is characterized by the absence of trees and lianas and the predominance of perennials and hemicryptophytes, which reflects the steppic specificity of this collection. Ecological and coenotic structure of the flora In the ecological and coenotic structure of the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, marginal, steppic, and synanthropic plants prevail, but the participation of meadow and forest plants is also significant (Table  9). In the ecological and coenotic structure of the collection fund of the plot, steppic and marginal plants prevail, the participation of which is equal. The percentages of synanthropic and forest plants are significantly lower, while the rate Life forms (vegetation forms) Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” Collection fund Percentage difference (PD), %Number of taxa % Number of taxa % Trees 19 5.48 0 0.00 100.00 Shrubs 14 4.03 6 2.82 30.02 Subshrubs 7 2.02 5 2.35 –16.34 Halfshrubs 1 0.29 1 0.47 –62.07 Lianas 4 1.15 0 0.00 100.00 Perennials 221 63.69 169 79.34 –24.57 Biennials and short- lived perennials 29 8.36 18 8.45 –1.08 Annuals 52 14.98 14 6.57 56.14 Total 347 100.00 213 100.00 0.00 Table 7. Difference between the plant life forms (Clements, 1920; Sokolov & Svyazeva, 1965) of the entire flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and its collection fund. 106 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder of meadow plants is high. PDs between the representativeness of plants of different habitats in the entire flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and its collection fund are the largest for plants of wetlands and mountain meadows (+100.00 %). It is due to the presence of Populus × canescens (Aiton) Sm., Salix caprea L., and Centaurea mollis Waldst. & Kit. here, which are absent in the collection fund of the plot. PDs are also high for plants of synanthropic (+82.60 %) and forestal (+83.69 %) habitats, which are much better represented in the entire flora of the plot than in its collection fund. PDs for meadow (–33.00 %), marginal (–36.10 %), and steppe (–52.19 %) plants are moderate. It should be noted that some plants have a wide ecological and coenotic amplitude and can occur in different habitats. For example, Tulipa sylvestris L. subsp. australis (Link) Pamp. naturally grows in plakor and bairak (beam) forests, shrub thickets, steppic and stony habitats. In this regard, this taxon in the flora of Ukraine was divided into several microspecies. Forestal plants are recognized as T.  quercetorum Klokov & Zoz, steppic – as T.  scythica Klokov & Zoz, and plants growing on granite and limestone outcrops of the steppe zone – as T. hypanica Klokov & Zoz and T. ophiophylla Klokov & Zoz (Prokudin, 1987). Two fragments of T. sylvestris subsp. australis are represented in the plot Life forms (ecobiomorphs) Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” Collection fund Percentage difference (PD), %Number of taxa % Number of taxa % Phanerophytes 44 12.68 11 5.17 59.23 Chamaephytes 1 0.29 1 0.47 –62.07 Hemicryptophytes 210 60.52 155 72.77 –20.24 Cryptophytes 47 13.54 32 15.02 –10.93 Therophyte 45 12.97 14 6.57 49.34 Total 347 100.00 213 100.00 0.00 Table 8. Difference between the plant life forms (Raunkiaer, 1934) of the entire flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and its collection fund. Habitat type Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” Collection fund Percentage difference (PD), %Number of taxa % Number of taxa % Clay 2 0.58 2 0.94 –62.07 Forests 40 11.53 4 1.88 +83.69 Marginal 85 24.49 71 33.33 –36.10 Meadows 49 14.12 40 18.78 –33.00 Mountain meadows 1 0.29 0 0.00 +100.00 Salted meadows 1 0.29 1 0.47 –62.07 Sands 15 4.32 15 7.04 –62.96 Steppes 76 21.90 71 33.33 –52.19 Stony 1 0.29 1 0.47 –62.07 Synanthropic 75 21.61 8 3.76 +82.60 Wetlands 2 0.58 0 0.00 +100.00 Total 347 100.00 213 100.00 0.00 Table 9. Ecological and coenotic structure of the flora on the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”. Plant Introduction • 95/96 107 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden “Steppes of Ukraine”: 1) introduced plants of T. ophiophylla from the steppe zone of Ukraine (Luhansk region) and 2) ergasiophygophytic T.  quercetorum spontaneously entered plants from the neighboring botanical-geographical plot “Forests of the plain part of Ukraine” of the NBG (section “Mapple-oak forest”). The ecological and coenotic structure of the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and its collection fund (Table  9), taking into account the research specifics at the NBG and surrounding of this plot by forest communities, in general, reflect the ecological and coenotic structure of the flora of natural steppes (Babko, 1999), in particular, regional meadow steppes (Gritsenko, 2007). Plants introduced from Ukrainian steppes The group of purposefully introduced representatives of the flora of the steppes of Ukraine is numerous (126 taxa). These plants prevail in the composition of the collection fund of the plot and make a pre- planned primary basis (Table 2). One species of gymnosperms; 35 taxa of monocots (including Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., Bellevalia speciosa Woronow ex Grossh., Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin., Gagea fragifera (Vill.) Ehr. Bayer & G. López, Iris graminea L., I. pumila L., Muscari comosum (L.) Mill., Ornithogalum fischerianum Krasch., O.  orthophyllum Ten. subsp. kochii (Parl.) C. Zahariadi, Poa angustifolia L., Scilla siberica Andrews. and others – Fig. 3), and 90 taxa of eudicots (including Dianthus membranaceus Borbás., Eryngium planum L., Limonium platyphyllum Lincz., Phlomis herba-venti  L. subsp. pungens (Willd.) Maire ex DeFilipps, Vinca herbacea Waldst. & Kit. and others – Fig.  4), were introduced to the plot (Table  2). Gritsenko (2019b) discussed historical aspects of the plant introduction in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”. Many plants were introduced there from different regions of Ukraine within their natural ranges (e.g., Adonis vernalis L., Anemonoides sylvestris (L.) Galasso, Banfi & Soldano, Clematis integrifolia  L., Crocus reticulatus Steven ex Adams., Dianthus membranaceus Borbás., Echinops sphaerocephalus L., Eryngium campestre  L., Filipendula vulgaris Moench., Gypsophila paniculata L., Hyacinthella leucophaea (K. Koch) Schur., Iris aphylla L., Linum austriacum  L., Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten., Phlomoides tuberosa (L.) Moench, Prunus tenella Batsch., Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill., Salvia nutans L., Stachys recta L., Stipa capillata L., S. pennata L. and others). Such plants occur in regional meadow steppes (Gritsenko, 2007). Other plants were introduced to the plot outside their natural ranges (e.g., Alcea rugosa Alef., Caragana frutex (L.) K. Koch., Clematis lathyrifolia Besser ex Trautv., Delphinium sergii Wissjul., Galatella sedifolia (L.) Greuter subsp. dracunculoides (Lam.) Greuter, Gymnospermium odessanum (DC.) Takht., Iris halophila Pall., Linum nervosum Waldst. & Kit., Ornithogalum fimbriatum Willd., Paeonia tenuifolia L., Rhaponticoides ruthenica (Lam.) M.V. Agab. & Greuter, Tulipa suaveolens Roth, T. sylvestris subsp. australis and others). These plants form a distinctive component, thanks to which the flora of the artificially created phytocoenosis in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” differs from the regional flora and acquires a unique character in ex situ conditions. In ex situ conditions these taxa showed ecological and coenotic plasticity, successfully coexisting with other plants for decades. Such an artificial taxonomic composition of the flora in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” is possible only under introduction and does not occur in nature. Rare introduced plants represent the main phytosozological value of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”. Certain rare taxa and a whole complex of rare plants (Gritsenko, 2012) were characterized, and the success of the introduction of all rare plant species was evaluated by Gritsenko (2019a). Among the rare introduced plants in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, there are 15 taxa listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (Decree, 2021): Adonis vernalis (Parubok, 2000; Melnyk & Parubok, 2004), A.  volgensis Steven ex DC., Colchicum bulbocodium Ker Gawl. subsp. versicolor (Ker Gawl.) K. Perss., Crambe tataria Sebeok., Crocus reticulatus (Gritsenko, 2020), Delphinium sergii, Gymnospermium odessanum (Gritsenko, 2021, 2022), Ornithogalum boucheanum (Kunth) Asch., Paeonia tenuifolia (Melnik et  al., 2003; Gnatiuk & Gritsenko, 2019), Pulsatilla pratensis, Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. & Kit., Stipa capillata, S. pennata, Tulipa suaveolens (= T. schrenkii Regel, Decree, 2021), T. sylvestris subsp. australis (= T. ophiophylla, Decree, 2021) (Fig.  5). Most of the rare introduced plants (80 %) formed stable homeostatic introduction 108 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder Figure 3. Monocots of the Ukrainian steppes introduced to the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”: A – Bellevalia speciosa; B – Hyacinthella leucophaea; C – Muscari comosum; D – Muscari neglectum; E – Ornithogalum fimbriatum; F – O. fischerianum; G – O. orthophyllum subsp. kochii; H – Scilla siberica; I – Iris aphylla; J – I. graminea. BA C D E F G H I J Plant Introduction • 95/96 109 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden Figure 3. Continued: K – Iris halophila; L – I. pumila; M – Gagea fragifera; N – Agropyron cristatum; O – Festuca valesiaca; P – Poa angustifolia. K L M N O P coenopopulations in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (Gritsenko, 2017a, 2019a). In the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, introduced plants giving it the steppic appearance, are the most valuable group (Table 2) and certify a successful multi-decade introduction experiment. Now this plot represents a model of the meadow steppe of Ukraine and is of significant scientific interest (Gritsenko, 2019c). Native plants Native plants that grow naturally on the territory of the NBG and its surroundings are an integral component of the artificially created meadow-steppe cultural phytocoenosis on the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”. Native plants are the most numerous and represented by 133 species and infraspecific taxa (Table  2). Most of the native plants (87 taxa) found on the plot naturally occur in steppe phytocoenoses and, therefore, were included in the collection fund together with introduced steppic 110 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder A B C D E G F H Figure 4. Eudicots of the Ukrainian steppes introduced to the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”: A – Eryngium campestre; B – E. planum; C – Vinca herbacea; D – Echinops sphaerocephalus; E – Dianthus membranaceus; F – Gypsophila paniculata; G – Caragana frutex; H – Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens. Plant Introduction • 95/96 111 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden I J K L M O N Figure 4. Continued: I – Phlomoides tuberosa; J – Linum austriacum; K – L. nervosum; L – Limonium platyphyllum; M – Clematis integrifolia; N – C. lathyrifolia; O – Prunus tenella; P – Salvia nutans. P 112 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder A B C D E G F H Figure 5. Rare plants of the Ukrainian steppes introduced to the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”: A – Sternbergia colchiciflora; B – Ornithogalum boucheanum; C – Colchicum bulbocodium subsp. versicolor; D – Crocus reticulatus; E – Tulipa suaveolens; F – T. sylvestris subsp. australis; G – Stipa capillata; H – S. pennata. Plant Introduction • 95/96 113 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden I J K L M O N Figure 5. Continued: I – Gymnospermium odessanum; J – Crambe tataria; K – Paeonia tenuifolia; L – Adonis vernalis; M – A. volgensis; N – Delphinium sergii; O – Pulsatilla pratensis; P – P. pratensis (fruiting). P 114 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder plants. These are mostly steppic (e.g., Bromus inermis Leyss., Carex praecox Schreb., Echium vulgare L., Gagea transversalis Steven, Malva thuringiaca (L.) Vis., Medicago falcata L. and others), marginal (e.g., Allium oleraceum  L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Falcaria vulgaris Bernh., Fragaria viridis Weston subsp. viridis, Gagea minima (L.) Ker Gawl., Origanum vulgare  L., Ranunculus polyanthemos L., Rosa canina  L., Salvia verticillata L., Tanacetum vulgare  L., Tragopogon orientalis L., Veronica chamaedrys  L. and others) and meadow plants (e.g., Achillea collina J. Becker ex Rchb., Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth., Carex hirta L., C.  leporine L., Centaurea jacea L., Dactylis glomerata L., Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult., Phleum pretense L., Plantago lanceolata L., Poa pratensis L., Taraxacum officinale F.H.  Wigg. agg. and others). Other ecological groups are much less represented in the plot. A minor part of native plants (46  taxa) are not representatives of the flora of the steppes of Ukraine. These are mostly forestal (e.g., Acer campestre L., A. platanoides  L., Alliaria petiolata (M.  Bieb.) Cavara & Grande, Anemonoides ranunculoides (L.) Holub, Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm., Betula pendula L., Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv., Corylus avellana  L., Lathyrus sylvestris L., Myosotis sparsiflora J.C. Mikan ex Pohl, Poa nemoralis L., Quercus robur L., Ranunculus ficaria L. subsp. ficaria, Sambucus nigra L., Scilla bifolia  L., Ulmus minor Mill., Viola odorata L., V.  suavis M.  Bieb. and others) and synanthropic plants (e.g., Berteroa incana (L.) DC., Chelidonium majus L., Chenopodium album L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Galium aparine L., Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib., Polygonum aviculare  L. subsp. aviculare, Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Urtica dioica L., Veronica sublobata M. Fischer and others). There are present even some wetland plants (i.e., Populus canescens and Salix caprea), which enter the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” from adjacent forest phytocoenoses. The penetration of trees into the plot poses a threat. To prevent the plot from overgrowing by arboreal plants and to maintain its steppe appearance, self-seeding of trees and non- steppic shrubs should be regularly removed. Alien plants In the vegetation cover of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, a very diverse and collective fraction of alien plants combines several different groups of plants with different origins (Table 2). The presence of ergasiophygophytes (45 taxa), which spread mainly from other plots of the NBG, is significant (Table  2). The following taxa escaped from various botanical- geographical plots of the NBG. In particular, from the sections “Maple-oak forest” and “Beech-oak forest” of the plot “Forests of the plain part of Ukraine” (Corydalis cava subsp. marschalliana (Willd.) Hayek and Isopyrum thalictroides L.). From the plots “Ukrainian Carpathians” (Centaurea mollis, Crocus heuffelianus Herb.), “Caucasus” (Corydalis caucasica DC., Cornus sanguinea L. subsp. australis (C.A.  Mey.) Jáv., Crambe cordifolia Steven., Galega orientalis Lam., Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., Papaver orientale  L, Puschkinia scilloides Adams.), “Central Asia” (Allium caeruleum Pall.), and “Far East” (Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel). Besides this, there are taxa that escaped from other plots of the NBG: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle., Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng., Berberis aquifolium Pursh, Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb., Celtis occidentalis L., Clematis vitalba  L., Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) Mac Mill., Rumex patientia L. subsp. patientia, Solidago canadensis L., and Vitis riparia Michx. Many ergasiophygophytes entered the NBG territory from outside, and before that were previously introduced in other centers of acclimatization or privately in Ukraine. Among such taxa are Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm., Asclepias syriaca L., Brassica napus L., Medicago sativa L., and Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Some ergasiophygophytes (i.e., Acer negundo  L., Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C.  Presl., Vicia sativa  L. subsp. sativa) had been naturalized on the territory of the NBG even before its creation. There were rural settlements in the XIX and the first half of the XX centuries. Moreover, a thousand-year-old Vydubytskyi monastery was active here too. The spontaneous hybridization of closely related ergasiophytes of different origins in the NBG is also an interesting question. In particular, Cornus sanguinea subsp. hungarica (Kárpáti) Soó. and Lonicera × notha Zabel having hybridogenic origin, were registered in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (Shynder et al., 2020). In the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, among alien plants, there are invasive ones (i.e., Acer negundo, Arrhenatherum elatius, Asclepias Plant Introduction • 95/96 115 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden syriaca L., Bromus tectorum L., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. var. annuus, Heracleum sosnowskyi, Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Solidago canadensis – Protopopova & Shevera, 2019). Some of them are dangerous adventive plants and therefore were studied in this plot precisely (Maryushkina, 2003). In particular, methods of phytocoenotic control of Solidago canadensis were proposed and tested (Maryushkina & Gritsenko, 2002). Research conducted earlier at the botanical-geographical plot “Caucasus” of the NBG confirmed that the more stable artificial phytocoenoses are those in which the presence of ergasiophytes (introduced plants) significantly exceeds 50 % (Didenko & Shynder, 2020). The higher percentage of ergasiophytes, the less impact will alien invasive plants have on the plantings of introduced plants. Prospects and development trends Modern studies of the flora and phytocenoses of natural steppe areas of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Parnikoza et  al., 2009; Kuzemko et al., 2014, 2021) allow in the future to adjust the scientific program of monitoring the vegetation of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” and further introduction of new taxa. In the future, attention should be paid to increasing the range of introduced plants and the number of rare steppe plants in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”. It is worth trying to introduce there the following typical steppic subshrubs as Chamaecytisus austriacus (L.) Link, Teucrium chamaedrys L., T. polium L., and Thymus pannonicus All. Further spontaneous penetration of new native non-steppic and alien taxa into the territory of the plot is likely. Such penetration can lead to specific changes in the structure of the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the future. Therefore, in ex situ conditions, it is important to increase the dominance of steppic plants in this plot by introducing new species. Conclusions The flora of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG was formed over 70 years and now represents a complex of introduced, native and alien plants joined in the meadow-steppe artificial phytocoenosis. Currently, 347 species and infraspecific taxa of higher vascular plants from 196 genera and 53 families have been recorded in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”. The steppe essence of this plot is reflected by the collection fund of living plants, which comprises 213 species and infraspecific taxa (61.38 %) of the flora of the steppes of Ukraine, including 126 taxa (36.31 %) of introduced plants and 87 taxa (25.07 %) of native plants. Native non-steppic plants belong to 46 species and infraspecific taxa (13.26 %); alien plants – to 88 taxa (25.36 %), including ergasiophygophytes (45 taxa, 12.97 %) and xenophytes (43 taxa, 12.39 %). The plants of the collection fund prevail on the plot and dominate in its vegetation cover. Currently, the systematic composition of the flora of the plot is similar to the regional meadow-steppes. In the biomorphological structure of the flora of the plot, perennials dominate (63.69 %), which is characteristic of steppe phytocoenoses. The forest communities surrounding the plot and the associated active formation of self-sowing trees explain a significant number of tree species (5.48 %) in the plot. In general, hemicryptophytes prevail (60.52 %) in the plot. However, the core-forming collection fund of the plot is distinguished by the absence of trees and a higher number of perennials (79.34 %) and hemicryptophytes (72.77 %). In the collection fund, steppic (33.33 %) and marginal (33.33 %) plants prevail, but the number of meadows plants (18.78 %) is still significant. Most of the rare introduced plants formed stable homeostatic introduction coenopopulations in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”. Fifteen rare taxa that occurred in the plot are included in the Red Book of Ukraine (Decree, 2021). However, at the same time, many ergasiophygophytes spread here from other plots of the NBG. Therefore, to protect this plot from degradation, it is necessary to regularly remove self-sowing trees and non- steppic bushes and control the number of aggressive alien plants. References Akopian, J.A. (2011). Conservation of native plant diversity at the Yerevan Botanic Garden, Armenia. Kew Bulletin, 65(4), 663–669. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12225-011-9248-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-011-9248-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-011-9248-1 116 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder Atha, D., Forrest, T., Naczi, R., Pace, M., Rubin, M., Schuler, J., & Nee, M. (2016). The historic and extant spontaneous vascular flora of the New York Botanical Garden. Brittonia, 68(3), 245–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-016-9417-5 Babko, I. A. (1999). Differentiation of the vegetation cover of the steppes of the southern part of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. [PhD dissertation]. Kyiv. (In Ukrainian) Bagmet, O.B. & Palienko, V.P. (2006). Morphostructural position of the Kyiv Plateau. Ukrainian Geographical Journal, 4, 29–34. (In Ukrainian) Baranovski, B., Roschina, N., Karmyzova, L., & Ivanko, I. (2018). Comparison of commonly used ecological scales with the Belgard Plant Ecomorph System. Biosystems Diversity, 26(4), 286–291. https://doi.org/10.15421/011843 Barbarych, A.I. (Ed.). (1973). Vegetation of the Ukrainian SSR. Steppes, rocky outcrops, sands. Naukova Dumka. (In Ukrainian) Biliavskyi, S.M. (2021). Urban flora of Bila Tserkva town and its suburbs [PhD dissertation]. Kyiv. (In Ukrainian) Borodina, R.M. (1970). Some bio-morphological features of spring adonis and volzhsky adonis. Introduction and Acclimatization of Plants in Ukraine, 4, 74–78. (In Ukrainian) Borodina, R.M. (1972). Introduction of plants of the Ukrainian steppes. In S.S. Kharkevych (Ed.), Introduction of useful plants of natural flora of the USSR in Ukraine (pp. 40–68). Naukova Dumka. (In Ukrainian) Borodina, R.M. (1976a). Biological features of Gymnospermium odessanum (DC). Takht. in the conditions of CRBG of the Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR. Introduction and Acclimatization of Plants in Ukraine, 8, 151–154. (In Ukrainian) Borodina, R.M. (1976b). Steppe species of the genus salvia (Salvia L.) in the conditions of CRBG of the Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR. In Y.Y. Sikura, M.V. Myrza, T.Y. Hrabova, & I.I. Moroz (Eds.), Plant resources of Ukraine, their use and enrichment (pp. 107–110). Naukova Dumka. (In Ukrainian) Borodina, R.M. (1977). Steppes of Ukraine. In A.M.  Hrodzinskyi (Ed.), Ornamental plants of natural flora of Ukraine (pp.  86–136). Naukova Dumka. (In Ukrainian) Borodina, R.M. (1983). Steppes of Ukraine. In I.I.  Sikura, N.E. Antonyuk, & A.A. Pirozhenko (Eds.), Introduced medicinal plants (pp. 24–33). Naukova Dumka. (In Russian) Borsukevych, L., & Prokopiv, A. (2012). Spontaneous flora of the Botanical Garden Ivan Franкo National University of Lviv. Plant Introduction, 55(3), 57–61. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2541605 Chopyk, V.I., Bortniak, M.M., Voytiuk, Y.O., Pogrebennyk, V.P., Kucheryava, L.F., Nechytaylo,  V.A., Lyubchenko, V.M., Shevchyk,  V.L. (1998). Synopsis of the flora of the Middle Dnieper region. Vascular plants. Phytosociocenter. (In Ukrainian) Clements, F.E. (1920). Plant indicators. The relation of plant communities to process and practice. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Decree. (2021). On approval of lists of plant and mushroom species included in the Red Book of Ukraine (plant life) and plant and mushroom species excluded from the Red Book of Ukraine (plant life) [Order of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine dated February 15, 2021 Nr. 111]. (In Ukrainian). https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0370-21#Text Didenko, S., & Shynder, O. (2020). Features of the species composition of phytocenoses in the botanical and geographical plot “Caucasus” of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). Journal of Native and Alien Plant Studies, 16, 45–57. (In Ukrainian). https:// doi.org/10.37555/2707-3114.16.2020.219814 Doiko, N.M. (2014). Flora of the meadow- steppe phytocoenoses of the arboretum park “Alexandria” of NAS of Ukraine. Proceedings of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series Biology, 20(1100), 281–285. (In Ukrainian) http:// seriesbiology.univer.kharkov.ua/ukr/20(2014)/ pdf/281.pdf Eremko, I.O. (1995). Floristic features of steppe fragments of the middle course of the Ingul River (Kirovohrad region). Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 52(4), 462–465. (In Ukrainian) Fitsaylo, T.V. (2000). Structural and comparative assessment of cenoflora differentiation of the Kyiv plateau [Abstract of PhD dissertation]. Kyiv. (In Ukrainian) Galera, H., & Sudnik-Wójcikowska B. (2004). The structure and differentiation of the synanthropic flora of the botanical gardens in Poland. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 73(2), 121–128. https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57042 Gnatiuk, A.M., & Gritsenko, V.V. (2019). Peculiarities of the growth and development of Paeonia tenuifolia L. on the northern border of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Plant Introduction, 81, 31–43. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.2650442 Goncharenko, I.V. (2000). Steppe vegetation of the north-eastern part of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine and its analysis. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 57(3), 257–264. (In Ukrainian) Grechyshkina, Y.V. (2010). The native flora of Kyiv city. [PhD dissertation]. Kyiv. (In Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-016-9417-5 https://doi.org/10.15421/011843 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2541605 https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0370-21#Text https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0370-21#Text https://doi.org/10.37555/2707-3114.16.2020.219814 https://doi.org/10.37555/2707-3114.16.2020.219814 http://seriesbiology.univer.kharkov.ua/ukr/20(2014)/pdf/281.pdf http://seriesbiology.univer.kharkov.ua/ukr/20(2014)/pdf/281.pdf http://seriesbiology.univer.kharkov.ua/ukr/20(2014)/pdf/281.pdf https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57042 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2650442 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2650442 Plant Introduction • 95/96 117 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden Gritsenko, V.V. (2004). Vegetation cover of the botanical-geographic plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of M.M. Grishko National Botanical Gardens of the NAS of Ukraine. Plant Introduction, 23, 49–58. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.3252568 Gritsenko, V.V. (2007). The meadow steppes of the Kyiv plateau: Flora, vegetation, population of rare species and protection [PhD dissertation]. Kyiv. (In Ukrainian) Gritsenko, V.V. (2009). The results of the introduction of plants in the botanical-geographic plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Gardens of the NAS of Ukraine. Plant Introduction, 44, 18–24. (In Ukrainian). https://doi. org/10.5281/zenodo.2555365 Gritsenko, V.V. (2012). Rare species of plants in steppe culturphytocoenose: the systematic composition, sozological characteristic, the historical aspects of the introduction, the contemporary state. Plant Introduction, 54, 13–21. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.2541996 Gritsenko, V.V. (2017a, March 14–15). Experience of conservation and ex situ protection of plant species, listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”. In Proceedings of the All- Ukrainian scientific-practical conference “Affair of reserve in the Steppe zone of Ukraine”. Series Conservation Biology in Ukraine. Vol. 2(2) (pp. 60–65). Kyiv. (In Ukrainian). http://uncg.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ UNCG22-Nadmorsky_T2.pdf Gritsenko, V.V. (2017b). Phytodiversity of the botanical- geographical section “Steppes of Ukraine” in the National Botanical Garden M.M.  Grishko NAS of Ukraine. Forestry and Gardening, 12, Article 9558. (In Ukrainian). http://journals.nubip.edu.ua/index. php/Lis/article/view/9558/ Gritsenko, V.V. (2019a). Evaluation of success of introduction of rare species of plants in the meadow-steppe culturphytocoenosis. Plant Introduction, 82, 24–33. (In Ukrainian). https://doi. org/10.5281/zenodo.3241019 Gritsenko, V.V. (2019b). Historical analysis of plant introduction and scientific activity: to the 70th anniversary of the botanical and geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in M.M.  Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Plant Introduction, 83, 3–13. (In Ukrainian). https:// doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3404098 Gritsenko, V.V. (2019c). Model of the meadow steppe of Ukraine: the plant and animal world. News of the Biosphere Reserve Askania Nova, 21, 308–318. (In Ukrainian). https://doi. org/10.53904/1682-2374/2019-21/45 Gritsenko, V.V. (2020). Formation of the introduced coenopopulation of Crocus reticulatus on the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Plant Introduction, 87/88, 65–75. https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2020036 Gritsenko, V.V. (2021). Phenology of Gymnospermium odessanum (DC.) Takht. in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine. Journal of Native and Alien Plant Studies, 1, 58–63. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.37555/2707-3114.1.2021.247365 Gritsenko, V.V. (2022). The current state of the introduction coenopopulation of Gymnospermium odessanum on the botanical- geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Plant Introduction, 93/94, 3–17. https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2021017 Korotchenko I.A., & Fitsaylo, T.V. (2003). Steppe vegetation of the Kyiv Plateau. Scientific notes of the Kyiv-Mohylanska Academy. Biology and Ecology, 21, 20–35. (In Ukrainian) http://ekmair.ukma. edu.ua/handle/123456789/10602 Kovtoniuk, A.І. (2021). Spontaneous flora and vegetation of the garden and park landscapes of the Middle Pobuzhzhia region (structure, differentiation, transformation, conservation) [PhD dissertation]. Kyiv. (In Ukrainian) Krytska, L.I. (1985). Analysis of the flora of the steppes and limestone outcrops of the Right Bank Cereal Steppe. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 42(2), 1–5. (In Ukrainian) Kucheryava, L.F., Shevchyk, V.L., & Tyshchenko, O.V. (2007). Vascular plants of the reserve “Tulinetski perelyski” (Kyiv region). Protected Affairs in Ukraine, 13(1–2), 38–41. (In Ukrainian) http://aetos.kiev. ua/pdf/zsu/zsu13.pdf#page=40 Kurosawa, T., Tateishi, Y., & Kajita, T. (1995). Flora of Aobayama, wild vascular plants in the botanical garden of Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. Ecological Review, 23(2), 111–170. Kuzemko A.A., Becker T., Didukh Y.P., Ardelean I.V., Becker U., Beldean M., Dolnik C., Jeschke M., Naqinezhad A., Uğurlu E., Ünal A., Vassilev  K., Vorona E.I., Yavorska O.H. & Dengler J. (2014). Dry grassland vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) – a preliminary overview of its syntaxonomy, ecology and biodiversity. Tuexenia, 34, 391–430. https://doi.org/10.14471/2014.34.020 Kuzemko A.A., Vynokurov D.S., Chusova O.O., Kucher O.O., Kuzemko І.V., & Barsukov O.O. (2021). Characteristics of monitoring sites of meadow- steppe vegetation on the territory of the Rzhyshchiv CATC. Biodiversity of Rzhyshchiv City Amalgamated Territorial Community. [Studies of “Hlyboki Balyky” Ecological Research Station], 1, 117–188. (In Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3252568 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3252568 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2555365 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2555365 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2541996 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2541996 http://uncg.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/UNCG22-Nadmorsky_T2.pdf http://uncg.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/UNCG22-Nadmorsky_T2.pdf http://journals.nubip.edu.ua/index.php/Lis/article/view/9558/ http://journals.nubip.edu.ua/index.php/Lis/article/view/9558/ https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3241019 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3241019 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3404098 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3404098 https://doi.org/10.53904/1682-2374/2019-21/45 https://doi.org/10.53904/1682-2374/2019-21/45 https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2020036 https://doi.org/10.37555/2707-3114.1.2021.247365 https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2021017 http://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10602 http://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10602 http://aetos.kiev.ua/pdf/zsu/zsu13.pdf#page=40 http://aetos.kiev.ua/pdf/zsu/zsu13.pdf#page=40 https://doi.org/10.14471/2014.34.020 118 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder Manan, A., Rianse, U., Ginting, S., & Widayati, W. (2016). Diversity of flora and fauna in Halu Oleo University Botanical Garden. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 13(4), 1945–1952. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2c2e/17918a7 7d4837cf181bb05bebd87dbddab31.pdf Marynych O.M., Parkhomenko H.O., Petrenko  O.M., & Shyshchenko P.H. (2003). Improved scheme of physical and geographical zoning of Ukraine. Ukrainian Geographical Journal, 2, 16–20. (In Ukrainian) Maryushkina, V.Y. (2003). Demecology of invasive plants in agroecosystems and ways to optimize anthropized ecosystems [Doctoral dissertation]. Kyiv. (In Ukrainian) Maryushkina, V.Y., & Gritsenko, V.V. (2002). Prospects for phytocenotic control of Solidago canadensis L. Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 8, 158–162. (In Ukrainian) Melnik, V.I., Gritsenko, V.V., & Peregrim,  N.N. (2003). Coenopopulations of Paeonia tenuifolia L. (Paeoniaceae) in the steppe culturphytocoenoses. Plant Introduction, 17, 9–14. (In Ukrainian). https:// doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3253276 Melnyk, V.I., & Parubok, M.I. (2004). Spring adonis (Adonis vernalis L.) in Ukraine. Phytosociocenter. (In Ukrainian) Melnyk, V.I., Gritsenko, V.V., Kushnir, N.V., & Nehrash, Y.M. (2018). Modeling of introduction populations as a method of ex situ protection of rare species of plants. Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 8, 91– 97. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.15407/ dopovidi2018.08.091 Mosyakin, S.L., & Yavorska, O.G. (2002). The nonnative flora of the Kiev (Kyiv) urban area, Ukraine: A checklist and brief analysis. Urban Habitats, 1(1), 45–65. Parnikoza, I., Vasylyuk, O., Inozemtseva, D., Kostyushin, V., Mishta, A., Nekrasova, O., & Balashov, I. (2009). Steppes of the Kyiv region: current state and conservation problems. National Ecological Center of Ukraine. (In  Ukrainian). https://pryroda.in.ua/blog/stepy-kiyvshyny Parubok, M.I. (2000). Comparative description of the natural and introduced populations of Adonis vernalis L. Plant Introduction, 5, 45– 47. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.3336466 POWO. (2022). Plants of the world online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https:// powo.science.kew.org Prokudin, Y.N. (Ed.). (1987). Determinant of higher plants of Ukraine. Naukova Dumka. (In Russian) Protopopova, V.V. & Shevera, M.V. (2019). Invasive species in the flora of Ukraine. I. The group of highly active species. Geo&Bio, 17, 116–135. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.15407/gb.2019.17.116 Raunkiaer, C. (1934). The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Clarendon Press. Shynder O.I., Doiko N.M., Glukhova S.A., Mykhajluk S.M. & Negrash Y.M. (2022). New information about the flora of plant introduction institutions in Kyiv and Bila Tserkva (Kyiv region). Chornomorski Botanical Journal, 18(1), 25–51. (In  Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.32999/ ksu1990-553X/2022-18-1-2 Shynder, O. (2019). Spontaneous flora of M.M.  Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). 3. Aliens plants: ergasiophytes. Plant Introduction, 83, 14– 36. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.3404102 Shynder, O., & Negrash, J. (2022). Flora of the phytogeographical plot “Central Asia” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Plant Introduction, 95/96, 3–43. https://doi. org/10.46341/PI2022010 Shynder, O., Nehrash, Y., Glukhova, S., Doyko, N., & Rak, O. (2020). Alien species of the genus Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae) in the flora of Right- Bank Ukraine. Scientific notes of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Biology and Ecology, 3, 58–65. (In Ukrainian). https://doi. org/10.18523/2617-4529.2020.3.58-65 Shynder, О. (2015). The vegetation cover of the phyto-geographical plot “Caucasus” of M.M.  Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. 1. Species diversity. Plant Introduction, 65, 30–37. (In Ukrainian). https://doi. org/10.5281/zenodo.2460013 Shynder, О., & Kruglyak, Y. (2014). Philadelphus coronaries L. from Caucasus Region in M.M.  Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: summary introduction and morphological features. Plant Introduction, 62, 18–24. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.1494302 Silva, C.N., Gonçalves Salimena, F.R., Carvalho, F.A., Menini Neto, L., Campos Ribeiro, J.H., Ribeiro Fonseca, C., Moreira, B., Mouço Valente, A.S., & Salgado Pifano, D. (2020). Phanerogamic flora from the Botanical Garden of Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rodriguésia, 71, Article e04312017. https://doi. org/10.1590/2175-7860202071075 Sobko, V., & Mordatenko, L. (2004). Determinant of plants of the Kyiv region. Phytosociocentre. (In Ukrainian) https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2c2e/17918a77d4837cf181bb05bebd87dbddab31.pdf https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2c2e/17918a77d4837cf181bb05bebd87dbddab31.pdf https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3253276 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3253276 https://doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2018.08.091 https://doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2018.08.091 https://pryroda.in.ua/blog/stepy-kiyvshyny https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3336466 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3336466 https://powo.science.kew.org https://powo.science.kew.org https://doi.org/10.15407/gb.2019.17.116 https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553X/2022-18-1-2 https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553X/2022-18-1-2 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3404102 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3404102 https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2022010 https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2022010 https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-4529.2020.3.58-65 https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-4529.2020.3.58-65 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2460013 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2460013 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1494302 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1494302 https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202071075 https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202071075 Plant Introduction • 95/96 119 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden Sokolov, S.Y., & Svyazeva, O.A. (1965). Geography of woody plants of USSR. Nauka. (In Russian) Szatmari, P.M., & Căprar, M. (2015). Research on spontaneous and subspontaneous flora of Botanical Garden “Vasile Fati” Jibou. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology, 19(2), 176–189. https://www.cabi.org/isc/ FullTextPDF/2015/20153360527.pdf Thellung, A. (1922). Zur Terminologie der Adventiv- und Ruderalfloristik. Allgemeine botanische Zeitschrift für Systematik, Floristik, Pflanzengeographie etc. Karlsruhe, 24/25(9–12), 36–42. Vainoriene, R. (2021). Floristic structure of mountain plants collection and the present situation in Botanical garden of Siauliai University. Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis, 10(2), 165–172. https://du.lv/wp-content/ uploads/2022/02/10-1.pdf Wesche K., Ambarlı D., Kamp J., Török P., Treiber J. & Dengler J. (2016). The Palaearctic steppe biome: a new synthesis. Biodiversity and Conservation, 25(12), 2197- 2231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1214-7 Zyman, S.N. (1976). Life forms and biology of steppe plants of Donbass. Naukova Dumka. (In Russian) Appendix. Cheklist of flora of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine). Applied terms and abbreviations The origin of plants (immigration groups): Collection fund: Introd. steppe – introduced steppic plants; Native – native steppic plants. Native non-steppic plants: Native (non-steppic). Alien plants: Ergasioph. – ergasiophygophyte; Xen. (arch.) – xenophytes (archeophytes); Xen. (ken.) – xenophytes (kenophytes). Hab. – Habitats: Clay Forests Marginal (plants grow in bushes and along the forest edges) Meadows Mountain meadows Salted meadows Sands Steppes Stony Synanthropic Wetlands L.f. – Plant life forms: According to Clements (1920) and Sokolov & Svyazeva (1965): Trees Shrubs Subhrubs Halfshrubs Lianas Perennials Biennials Annuals According to Raunkiaer (1934): Phanerophytes Chamaephytes Hemicryptophytes Cryptophytes Therophytes Numbering: 1–347 (1–213) – entire flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” (collection fund); (I–VIII) – units that are not considered as independent species (i.e., hybrids, forms, microspecies). GYMNOSPERMS. GNETOPSIDA 1. EPHEDRACEAE 1(1). Ephedra distachya L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Subshrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Sands. ANGIOSPERMS. MONOCOTS 2. AMARYLLIDACEAE 2. Allium caeruleum Pall. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Escaped plant from the “Central Asia” plot. 3(2). Allium decipiens Fisch. ex Schult. & Schult. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced from Donetsk region. 4(3). Allium flavum L. subsp. tauricum (Besser ex Rchb.) K. Richt. (= A. paczoskianum Tuzs.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. https://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2015/20153360527.pdf https://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2015/20153360527.pdf https://du.lv/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/10-1.pdf https://du.lv/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/10-1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1214-7 120 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder 4 (I). Allium sphaeropodum Klokov (syn. of A. flavum subsp. tauricum). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Stony. 5(4). Allium oleraceum L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 6. Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. – Note. Escaped plant from the “Central Asia” plot. 7(5). Allium rotundum L. (= A. waldsteinii G. Don). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 8. Allium scorodoprasum L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 9(6). Allium sphaerocephalon L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 10(7). Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. & Kit. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 2011 from the Odesa region. 3. ASPARAGACEAE 11(8). Asparagus officinalis L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 12(9). Bellevalia speciosa Woronow ex Grossh. (= B. sarmatica (Pall. ex Georgi) Woronow). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 13(10). Hyacinthella leucophaea (K. Koch) Schur. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 2002 and 2007 from the Luhansk region. 14(11). Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. (= Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 15(12). Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Poltava region and in 2007 – from the outskirts of Odesa. 16(13). Ornithogalum boucheanum (Kunth) Asch. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. – Note. Introduced in 2007 from the Poltava region. 17(14). Ornithogalum fimbriatum Willd. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Odesa region. 18(15). Ornithogalum fischerianum Krasch. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 19(16). Ornithogalum orthophyllum Ten. subsp. kochii (Parl.) C. Zahariadi (= O. gussonii Ten.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 2003 from the Kyiv region (the outskirts of Obukhiv). 20. Puschkinia scilloides Adams. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. – Note. Escaped plant from the “Caucasus” plot. 21. Scilla bifolia L. – Native (non-steppic). – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 22(17). Scilla siberica Andrews. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. – Note. Introduced in 1960 and 1963 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 4. COLCHICACEAE 23(18). Colchicum bulbocodium Ker Gawl. subsp. versicolor (Ker Gawl.) K. Perss. (= Bulbocodium versicolor (Ker Gawl.) Spreng.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 2002 from the Kyiv region (“Shandriv Forest” in the vicinity of the Shandra village). 5. CYPERACEAE 24(19). Carex hirta L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 25(20). Carex leporina L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 26(21). Carex melanostachya M. Bieb. ex Willd. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 27(22). Carex praecox Schreb. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 6. IRIDACEAE 28. Crocus heuffelianus Herb. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. – Note. Escaped plant from the “Ukrainian Carpathians” plot. 29(23). Crocus reticulatus Steven ex Adams. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 2002 from the Luhansk region and in 2003 from the Kyiv region (the vicinity of the Centralne village). 30(24). Iris aphylla L. (= I. hungarica Waldst. & Kit.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Sumy region (Michael’s Virgin Land Nature Reserve), also in 2002 from the Khmelnytskyi region (Podilsky Tovtry) and Kyiv region. 31(25). Iris graminea L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 32(26). Iris halophila Pall. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 33(27). Iris pontica Zapał. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 34(28). Iris pumila L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 2002 from the Mykolaiv region (the vicinity of the Tashyno village, Berezan district). 7. LILIACEAE 35(29). Gagea fragifera (Vill.) Ehr. Bayer & G. López (= G. erubescens (Besser) Schult. & Schult.f.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 36(30). Gagea minima (L.) Ker Gawl. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 31/37(31). Gagea pusilla (F.W. Schmidt) Sweet. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 38(32). Gagea transversalis Steven (= G. paczoskii (Zapal.) Grossh). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. Plant Introduction • 95/96 121 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden 39(33). Tulipa suaveolens Roth (= T. schrenkii Regel). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1952 from the Kherson region (Kuyuk-Tuk island). 40(34). Tulipa sylvestris L. subsp. australis (Link) Pamp. (= T. ophiophylla Klokov & Zoz; T. biebersteiniana Schult. & Schult.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Stony. – Note. Introduced in 2002 from the Luhansk region (the outskirts of the villages of Pervozvanivka and Verkhnya Orihivka, Luhansk district). 40 (II). Tulipa quercetorum Klokov & Zoz. (= T. sylvestris subsp. australis). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. – Note. Escaped plant from the “Forests of the plain part of Ukraine” plot (“Maple oak” section). 8. POACEAE 41(35). Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (= A. pectinatum (M. Bieb.) P. Beauv). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1949 from the Donetsk region (Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 42(36). Agrostis capillaris L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 43(37). Alopecurus vaginatus (Willd.) Pall. ex Kunth. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 44. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 45(38). Bromus inermis Leyss. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 46(39). Bromus riparius Rehmann. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 47. Bromus tectorum L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 48(40). Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 49(41). Dactylis glomerata L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 50. Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muehl. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 51. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 52. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 53(42). Elymus repens (L.) Gould (= Agropyrum repens (L.) P. Beauv.). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 54. Eragrostis minor Host. – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 55(43). Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1949 and 2007 from the Poltava region. 56. Hordeum murinum L. subsp. murinum. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 57(44). Lolium perenne L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 58(45). Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh. (= Festuca pratensis Huds.). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 59(46). Melica transsilvanica Schur. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1960 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 60(47). Phleum pratense L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 61(48). Poa angustifolia L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced 1949 from the Donetsk region (Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 62. Poa annua L. – Native (non-steppic). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 63(49). Poa bulbosa L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 64. Poa nemoralis L. – Native (non-steppic). – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 65(50). Poa pratensis L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 66. Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 67(51). Stipa capillata L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1952 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve) and in 2002–2007 from the Kyiv region. 68(52). Stipa pennata L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 2002–2006 from the Kyiv region (the outskirts of Tulyntsi and Shandra villages). 69(53). Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey (= Agropyrum intermedium (Host) P.B.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1954 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). ANGIOSPERMS. EUDICOTS 9. ACERACEAE 70. Acer campestre L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 71. Acer negundo L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 72. Acer platanoides L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 73. Acer tataricum L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 10. AMARANTHACEAE 74(54). Atriplex oblongifolia Waldst. & Kit. – Native. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Clay. 75. Chenopodium album L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 122 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder 11. APIACEAE 76. Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 77. Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 78(55). Daucus carota L. – Native. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 79(56). Eryngium campestre L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 80(57). Eryngium planum L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Sands. – Note. Introduced in 1960 from the Poltava region. 81(58). Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. – Native. – L.f.: Biennial, short-lived perennials; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 82. Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Biennial, short-lived perennials; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. – Note. Escaped plant from the “Caucasus” plot. 83(59). Pimpinella saxifraga L. subsp. saxifraga. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 84(60). Pimpinella saxifraga subsp. nigra (Mill.) Gaudin (= P. nigra Mill.). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 85(61). Seseli annuum L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 86(62). Seseli campestre Besser. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 87(63). Seseli libanotis (L.) W.D.J. Koch. – Native. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 88(64). Xanthoselinum alsaticum (L.) Schur (= Peucedanum lubimenkoanum Kotov). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 12. APOCYNACEAE 89. Asclepias syriaca L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 90(65). Vinca herbacea Waldst. & Kit. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1950–1960th from the Luhansk region (Striltsivskyi Steppe Nature Reserve) and the Poltava region. 91(66). Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. subsp. hirundinaria (= V. hirundinaria subsp. laxum (Bartl.) Poldini.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 13. ASTERACEAE 92(67). Achillea millefolium L. subsp. collina (Wirtg.) Oborný (= A. collina J. Becker ex Rchb., A. submillefolium Klokov & Kritzka). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 93(68). Achillea nobilis L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 94(69). Achillea pannonica Scheele. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 95(70). Achillea setacea Waldst. & Kit. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 96. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 97. Artemisia absinthium L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 98(71). Artemisia austriaca Jacq. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 2002 from the Cherkasy region. 99(72). Artemisia marschalliana Spreng. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Halfshrubs; Chamaephyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 99 (III). Artemisia marschalliana f. dniproica (Klokov) ined. (= A. dniproica Klokov). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Halfshrubs; Chamaephyte. – Hab.: Sands. 100(73). Artemisia vulgaris L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 101. Centaurea cyanus L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 102. Centaurea diffusa Lam. – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 103(74). Centaurea jacea L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 104. Centaurea mollis Waldst. & Kit. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Mountain meadows. – Note. Escaped plant from the plot “Ukrainian Carpathian”. 105(75). Centaurea scabiosa L. subsp. apiculata (Ledeb.) Mikheev. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 106(76). Centaurea stoebe L. subsp. stoebe (= C. micranthos Gmel. – C. pseudomaculosa Dobrocz.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Sands. 107(77). Chondrilla juncea L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Sands, Steppes, Stony. 108. Cichorium intybus L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 109(78). Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. arvense – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 110. Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium Wimm. & Grab. (= C. setosum M. Bieb.). – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 111(79). Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. – Native. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 112(80). Cota tinctoria (L.) J. Gay (= Anthemis subtinctoria Dobrocz.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Clay. 113(81). Crepis tectorum L. – Native. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Sands. 114(82). Echinops ritro L. subsp. ruthenicus (M. Bieb.) Nyman. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1960 from the Luhansk region (Striltsivskyi Steppe Nature Reserve). 115(83). Echinops sphaerocephalus L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 1960 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 116. Erigeron annuus (L.) Desf (= Stenactis annua (L.) Nees.). – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Annual; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 117. Erigeron canadensis L. (= Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist). – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. Plant Introduction • 95/96 123 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden 118(84). Galatella sedifolia (L.) Greuter subsp. dracunculoides (Lam.) Greuter (= Galatella dracunculoides (Lam.) Nees). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1950–1960th. 119(85). Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Sands. – Note. Introduced in 2007 from the Poltava region (“Lyznyana Balka” zakaznyk). 120(86). Hieracium umbellatum L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 2005-2007 from the Kyiv region. 121(87). Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. (= Senecio jacobaea L.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 122(88). Klasea lycopifolia (Vill.) Á. Löve & D. Löve (= Serratula lycopifolia (Vill.) A.Kern.). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 123. Lactuca serriola L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 124(89). Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 125(90). Picris hieracioides L. – Native. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 126(91). Rhaponticoides ruthenica (Lam.) M.V. Agab. & Greuter (= Centaurea ruthenica Lam.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1952 and 1960 from the Luhansk region (Striltsivskyi Steppe Nature Reserve). 127. Solidago canadensis L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 128(92). Solidago virgaurea L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 129. Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Sch.Bip. (= Pyrethrum corymbosum (L.) Scop.). – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 130(93). Tanacetum vulgare L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 131(94). Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. aggr. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 132(95). Taraxacum proximum (Dahlst.) Dahlst. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Sands. 133(96). Tragopogon dubius Scop. subsp. major (Jacq.) Vollm. (= T. major Jacq.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 134(97). Tragopogon orientalis L. – Native. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 135. Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. (= Matricaria perforata Mérat). – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 14. BERBERIDACEAE 136. Berberis aquifolium Pursh (= Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.). – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Subshrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 137(98). Berberis vulgaris L. – Native. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 138(99). Gymnospermium odessanum (DC.) Takht. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1953 and 1964 from the outskirts of Odesa and in 2002 from the Mykolaiv region (the vicinity of the Tashyno village, Berezan district). 15. BETULACEAE 139. Betula pendula Roth. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 140. Corylus avellana L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 16. BORAGINACEAE 141. Anchusa officinalis L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 142. Cynoglossum officinale L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Biennial, short-lived perennials; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 143(100). Echium vulgare L. – Native. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 144. Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 145. Myosotis sparsiflora J.C. Mikan ex Pohl (= Strophiostoma sparsiflorum (J.C. Mikan ex Pohl) Turcz.). – Native (non- steppic) – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 17. BRASSICACEAE 146. Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Annual; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 147(101). Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. – Native. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 148. Berteroa incana (L.) DC. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Biennial, short-lived perennials; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 149. Brassica napus L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Annual; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 150. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 151. Crambe cordifolia Steven. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Escaped plant from the plot “Caucasus”. 152(102). Crambe tataria Sebeok. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Kherson region (Byriuchyi Island spit). 153. Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 154. Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 155(103). Draba nemorosa L. – Native. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 156. Erysimum cheiranthoides L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 124 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder 157. Erysimum cuspidatum (M. Bieb.) DC. – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 158. Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 159. Lepidium draba L. (= Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.). – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 160. Lepidium ruderale L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 161. Sisymbrium loeselii L. – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 162. Sisymbrium volgense M. Bieb. ex E. Fourn. – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 163. Thlaspi arvense L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 164(104). Turritis glabra L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 18. CAMPANULACEAE 165(105). Campanula patula L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 166(106). Campanula rapunculoides L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 167(107). Campanula sibirica L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 19. CANNABACEAE 168. Celtis occidentalis L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 169. Humulus lupulus L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 20. CAPRIFOLIACEAE 170(108). Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. – Native. – L.f.: Biennial, short-lived perennials; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 171. Lonicera × notha Zabel (= L. ruprechtiana × L. tatarica). – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. This species is incorrectly listed as a synonym of L. × muendeniensis Rehder (POWO, 2022), but L. morrowii A. Gray also participates in the formation of the last one. 172. Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 173. Lonicera tatarica L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 174(109). Sambucus ebulus L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 175. Sambucus nigra L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 176(110). Scabiosa ochroleuca L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 177(111). Valeriana tuberosa L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Salted meadows. 21. CARYOPHYLLACEAE 178(112). Arenaria serpyllifolia L. – Native. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 179(113). Cerastium semidecandrum L. – Native. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Sands. 180(114). Dianthus armeria L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Biennial, short-lived perennials; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 181(115). Dianthus capitatus DC. subsp. andrzejowskianus Zapał. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 182(116). Dianthus deltoides L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 183(117). Dianthus membranaceus Borbás. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. – Note. Introduced in 2002–2006 from the Kyiv region. 184(118). Gypsophila paniculata L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 185. Saponaria officinalis L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 186(119). Silene latifolia Poir. subsp. alba (Miller) Greuter & Burdet (= Melandrium album (Mill.) Garcke). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 187(120). Stellaria graminea L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 188(121). Stellaria hippoctona (Czern.) Klokov. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. – Note. The independence of this species is not consolidly recognized and it is often not distinguished from S. graminea (POWO, 2022). 189. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Biennial, short-lived perennials; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 22. CELASTRACEAE 190. Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Liana; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 23. CONVOLVULACEAE 191. Convolvulus arvensis L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 24. CORNACEAE 192. Cornus sanguinea L. subsp. australis (C.A. Mey.) Jáv. (= Swida australis (C.A. Mey.) Pojark. ex Grossh.). – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 193. Cornus sanguinea subsp. hungarica (Kárpáti) Soó. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 25. CRASSULACEAE 194. Hylotelephium maximum (L.) Holub subsp. maximum. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. Plant Introduction • 95/96 125 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden 26. EUPHORBIACEAE 195(122). Euphorbia cyparissias L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. – Note. Introduced in 1953 and 1966 from the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. 196(123). Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino (= E. virgata Waldst. & Kit.). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 197(124). Euphorbia seguieriana Neck. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Sands. 198(125). Euphorbia semivillosa (Prokh.) Krylov. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 27. FABACEAE 199(126). Astragalus cicer L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 200(127). Astragalus onobrychis L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 201(128). Caragana frutex (L.) K. Koch. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Subshrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 202(129). Chamaecytisus ruthenicus (Fisch. ex Woł.) Klásk. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Subshrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 203. Galega orientalis Lam. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 204(130). Genista tinctoria L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Subshrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. – Note. Introduced in 1952 from the Sumy region (Michael’s Virgin Land Nature Reserve). 205(131). Lathyrus pratensis L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 206. Lathyrus sylvestris L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 207. Lathyrus tuberosus L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 208(132). Lotus corniculatus L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 209(133). Medicago falcata L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 209 (IV). Medicago romanica Prodan (= M. falcata). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1960 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 210(134). Medicago lupulina L. – Native. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 211. Medicago sativa L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 212(135). Melilotus albus Medik. – Native. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Sands. 213(136). Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. – Native. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 214(137). Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 215(138). Ononis arvensis L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 216. Robinia pseudoacacia L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 217(139). Securigera varia (L.) Lassen. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 218(140). Trifolium alpestre L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 2002 from the Cherkasy region. 219(141). Trifolium arvense L. – Native. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Sands. 220(142). Trifolium medium L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 221(143). Trifolium montanum L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Luhansk region (Striltsivskyi Steppe Nature Reserve) and in 2002 from the Cherkasy region. 222(144). Trifolium pratense L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 223(145). Trifolium repens L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 224(146). Vicia cracca L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 225. Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 226. Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 227(147). Vicia sepium L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 228(148). Vicia tenuifolia Roth. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 229. Vicia villosa Roth. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 28 FAGACEAE 230. Quercus robur L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 29. GERANIACEAE 231. Geranium pusillum L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 30. HYPERICACEAE 232(149). Hypericum perforatum L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 31. LAMIACEAE 233(150). Ajuga genevensis L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 1960, also in 2002–2006 from the Cherkasy region (Kaniv district). 234. Ballota nigra L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 235(151). Clinopodium vulgare L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 236. Glechoma hederaceae L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 237(152). Lamium amplexicaule L. var. orientale (Pacz.) Mennema (= L. paczoskianum Worosch.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 126 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder 238. Lamium maculatum (L.) L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 239. Lamium purpureum L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 240. Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib. (= L. villosus Desf. ex D’Urv.). – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 241. Nepeta cataria L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 242(153). Origanum vulgare L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 243(154). Phlomis herba-venti L. subsp. pungens (Willd.) Maire ex DeFilipps (= P. pungens Willd.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 244(155). Phlomoides tuberosa (L.) Moench (= Phlomis tuberosa L.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Luhansk region (Striltsivskyi Steppe Nature Reserve) and in 2002 from the Kyiv region. 245. Prunella vulgaris L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 246(156). Salvia nemorosa L. (= S. illuminata Klokov). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 247(157). Salvia nutans L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1950–1960th from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 248(158). Salvia pratensis L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Sumy region (Michael’s Virgin Land Nature Reserve) and in 2002 from the Kyiv region. 249(159). Salvia verticillata L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 249 (V). Salvia nemorosa × S. dumetorum Andrz. ex Besser. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 250(160). Stachys germanica L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 251(161). Stachys recta L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1959 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 32. LINACEAE 252(162). Linum austriacum L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1952 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 253(163). Linum nervosum Waldst. & Kit. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1960 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 33. MALVACEAE 254(164). Alcea rugosa Alef. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 1960 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 255. Malva neglecta Wallr. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 256(165). Malva thuringiaca (L.) Vis. (= Lavatera thuringiaca L.). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 34. NYCTAGINACEAE 257. Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) Mac Mill. (= Oxybaphus nyctagineus (Michx.) Sweet). – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 35. ONAGRACEAE 258. Oenothera biennis L. – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 259. Oenothera rubricaulis Kleb. – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. – Note. The independence of O. rubricaulis as a species is questioned by some researchers and therefore it is synonymized with O. biennis (POWO, 2022). 36. OROBANCHACEAE 260(166). Melampyrum arvense L. – Native. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 261(167). Odontites vulgaris Moench. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 37. PAEONIACEAE 262(168). Paeonia tenuifolia L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Luhansk region (Striltsivskyi Steppe Nature Reserve). 38. PAPAVERACEAE 263. Chelidonium majus L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 264. Corydalis caucasica DC. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 265. Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte. subsp. cava. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 266. Corydalis cava subsp. marschalliana (Willd.) Hayek (= C. marschalliana (Pall. ex Willd.) Pers.). – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. – Note. Escaped plant from the “Forests of the plain part of Ukraine” plot. 267. Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 268. Papaver dubium L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 268 (VI). Papaver dubium f. albiflorum (Besser) ined. – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Sinantropic. Plant Introduction • 95/96 127 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden 269. Papaver orientale L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. – Note. Escaped plant from the plot “Caucasus”. 39. PLANTAGINACEAE 270(169). Linaria vulgaris Mill. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 271(170). Plantago lanceolata L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 272(171). Plantago major L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 273(172). Plantago media L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 274. Veronica arvensis L. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 275(173). Veronica austriaca L. subsp. austriaca. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 2007 from the Poltava region (“Lyznyana Balka” zakaznyk). 276(174). Veronica chamaedrys L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 277. Veronica filiformis Sm. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Annual, short-lived perennials; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 278(175). Veronica incana L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Sands. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from Sumy region (Michael’s Virgin Land Nature Reserve). 279. Veronica persica Poir. – Xen. (ken.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 280. Veronica polita Fr. – Xen. (arch.). – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 281(176). Veronica prostrata L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 282(177). Veronica spicata L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 283. Veronica sublobata M. Fischer (= V. hederifolia auct., non L.). – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 284(178). Veronica teucrium L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 40. PLUMBAGINACEAE 285(179). Limonium platyphyllum Lincz. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 41. POLYGONACEAE 286(180). Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub. – Native. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 287. Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. aviculare. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 288. Rumex patientia L. subsp. patientia. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 289(181). Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 42. RANUNCULACEAE 290(182). Adonis vernalis L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1952 from the Sumy region (Michael’s Virgin Land Nature Reserve) and in 2022 from the Kyiv region (former Myronivka district). 291(183). Adonis volgensis Steven ex DC. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve), in 2002 from the Luhansk region, and in 2007 from the Poltava region. 292. Anemonoides ranunculoides (L.) Holub (= Anemone ranunculoides L.). – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 293(184). Anemonoides sylvestris (L.) Galasso, Banfi & Soldano (= Anemone sylvestris L.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 1953 from the Luhansk region (Striltsivskyi Steppe Nature Reserve). 294(185). Clematis integrifolia L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 1953 and 1960 from the Luhansk region (Striltsivskyi Steppe Nature Reserve) and in 2007 from the Poltava region. 295(186). Clematis lathyrifolia Besser ex Trautv. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 1960 from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 296(187). Clematis recta L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 297. Clematis vitalba L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Liana; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 298(188). Delphinium sergei O.D. Wissjul. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced from the Donetsk region. This taxon is synonymized with D. schmalhausenii Albov by POWO (2022), but here we consider it as an independent species. 299. Hepatica nobilis Schreb. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 300. Isopyrum thalictroides L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. – Note. Escaped plant from the “Forests of the plain part of Ukraine” plot. 301(189). Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 1953, 2002, and 2006 from the Poltava, Kharkiv, Luhansk and Kyiv regions. 302. Ranunculus ficaria L. subsp. ficaria (= Ficaria verna Huds.). – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 303(190). Ranunculus ficaria subsp. calthifolius (Rchb.) Arcang. (= Ficaria calthifolia Rchb.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 304(191). Ranunculus illyricus L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Cryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1953, 2002, and 2003 from the Luhansk and Kyiv regions. 128 Plant Introduction • 95/96 V. Gritsenko, O. Shynder 305(192). Ranunculus polyanthemos L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 306(193). Thalictrum minus L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 1950–1960th from Luhansk region (Striltsivskyi Steppe Nature Reserve), also introduced from the Poltava region. 307(194). Thalictrum simplex L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 43. ROSACEAE 308. Agrimonia eupatoria L. subsp. eupatoria. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 309. Crataegus × kyrtostyla Fingerh. (= C. monogyna × C. rhipidophylla). – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 310. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 311. Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 312(195). Filipendula vulgaris Moench. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 313(196). Fragaria viridis Weston subsp. viridis. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 314. Geum urbanum L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 315(197). Potentilla argentea L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 315 (VII). Potentilla neglecta Baumg. (= P. argentea). – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 316(198). Potentilla incana P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. (= P. arenaria Borkh.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Sands. 317(199). Potentilla recta L. subsp. recta. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 318. Prunus avium (L.) L. (= Cerasus avium (L.) Moench). – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 319. Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 320. Prunus cerasus L. (= Cerasus vulgaris Mill.). – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 321. Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (= Persica vulgaris Mill.). – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 322(200). Prunus spinosa L. subsp. dasyphylla (Schur) Domin (= P. stepposa Kotov). – Native. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. The independence of this subspecies is questionable (POWO, 2022). 323(201). Prunus tenella Batsch. (= Amygdalus nana L.). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Subshrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 1952 from the Luhansk region (Striltsivskyi Steppe Nature Reserve), also introduced from the Donetsk region (Khomutovsky Steppe branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve). 324. Pyrus communis L. subsp. communis. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 325(202). Rosa canina L. – Native. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 326(203). Rosa corymbifera Borkh. – Native. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 327(204). Rosa rubiginosa L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 328(205). Rosa villosa L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Shrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 44. RUBIACEAE 329. Galium aparine L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 330(206). Galium mollugo L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Meadows. 331(207). Galium verum L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. – Note. Introduced in 1960 from the Sumy region (Michael’s Virgin Land Nature Reserve). 331 (VIII). Galium ruthenicum Willd. (= G. verum). – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. 45. RUTACEAE 332(208). Dictamnus albus L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 46. SALICACEAE 333. Populus × canescens (Aiton) Sm. (= P. alba L. × P. tremula L.). – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Wetlands. 334. Salix caprea L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Wetlands. 47. SCROPHULARIACEAE 335(209). Verbascum lychnitis L. – Native. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Sands. 336(210). Verbascum phlomoides L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Biennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Sands. 337(211). Verbascum phoeniceum L. – Introd. steppe. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Steppes. – Note. Introduced in 2002 from the Luhansk region (the outskirts of the Pervozvanivka village, Luhansk district). 48. SIMAROUBACEAE 338. Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 49. SOLANACEAE 339. Lycium barbatum L. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Subshrub; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 50. ULMACEAE 340. Ulmus minor Mill. (= U. carpinifolia Suckow). – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Tree; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. Plant Introduction • 95/96 129 Flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden Флора ботаніко-географічної ділянки “Степи України” у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України Вікторія Гриценко *, Олександр Шиндер ** Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Тімірязєвська, 1, Київ, 01014, * gritsenkoviktoria@gmail.com, ** shinderoleksandr@gmail.com У 2020–2022 рр. на ботаніко-географічній ділянці “Степи України” Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України (НБС) було вивчено повний таксономічний склад флори та проведено його аналіз. Ця ділянка була заснована у 1949 р. для демонстрації флористичного різноманіття Українських Степів ex situ. За результатами досліджень у флорі ділянки було зафіксовано 347 видів та внутрішньовидових таксонів вищих судинних рослин із 196 родів та 53 родин. Степову сутність цієї ділянки відображає колекційний фонд живих рослин, який об’єднує 213 видів та внутрішньовидових таксонів (61,38 %) флори Степів України, із яких 126 таксонів (36,31 %) інтродуковані рослини та 87 таксонів (25,07 %) місцеві рослини. В ході повної інвентаризації було детально вивчено спонтанно зростаючі рослини, які не входять до колекційного фонду. Місцевими не степовими рослинами є 46 видів та внутрішньовидових таксонів (13,26 %); чужорідними рослинами є 88 видів та внутрішньовидових таксонів (25,36 %), у їх числі ергазіофігофіти (45 таксонів, 12,97 %) та ксенофіти (43 таксони, 12,39 %). Рослини колекційного фонду кількісно переважають на ділянці і саме вони домінують у її рослинному покриві. Таксономічний склад флори ділянки нині подібний до характеристик регіональних лучних степів. У біоморфологічній структурі флори ділянки переважають трав’янисті багаторічники (63,69 %), що характерно для степових фітоценозів. Значна кількість дерев (5,48 %), що присутні тут, пояснюється оточенням ділянки лісовими угрупованнями та пов’язаним з цим активним формуванням тут самосіву дерев. Тут переважають гемікриптофіти (60,52 %). Втім, колекційний фонд ділянки відрізняється відсутністю дерев, більшою кількістю трав’янистих багаторічників (79,34 %) та гемікриптофітів (72,77 %). В еколого-ценотичному відношенні у колекційному фонді переважають степові (33,33 %) та узлісні (33,33 %) рослини, а також значною є присутність лучних рослин (18,78 %). Більшість рідкісних інтродукованих рослин сформували на ділянці “Степи України” стійкі гомеостатичні інтродукційні ценопопуляції. П’ятнадцять раритетних видів та внутрішньовидових таксонів внесені до Червоної книги України. Ключові слова: штучно створений фітоценоз, структура флори, інтродукція рослин, місцеві рослини, чужорідні рослини, рідкісні таксони 51. URTICACEAE 341. Urtica dioica L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 52. VIOLACEAE 342(212). Viola hirta L. – Native. – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Marginal. 343. Viola odorata L. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 344. Viola suavis M. Bieb. – Native (non-steppic) – L.f.: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 345(213). Viola tricolor L. subsp. matutina (Klokov) Valentine (= V. matutina Klokov). – Native. – L.f.: Annual; Therophyte. – Hab.: Synanthropic. 53. VITACEAE 346. Vitis amurensis Rupr. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Liana; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Forests. 347. Vitis riparia Michx. – Ergasioph. – L.f.: Liana; Phanerophyte. – Hab.: Marginal.
id oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1621
institution Plant Introduction
keywords_txt_mv keywords
language English
last_indexed 2025-07-17T12:54:10Z
publishDate 2022
publisher M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
record_format ojs
resource_txt_mv wwwplantintroductionorg/9a/ca20edc07998cef212b4adaf21cc159a.pdf
spelling oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-16212023-08-26T20:38:45Z Flora of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine Флора ботаніко-географічної ділянки “Степи України” у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України Gritsenko, Victoria Shynder, Oleksandr In 2020–2022, the complete taxonomic composition of the flora for the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG) was studied and analyzed. This plot was established at the NBG in 1949 to demonstrate the floristic diversity of the Ukrainian Steppes ex situ. According to the inventory results, 347 species and infraspecific taxa from 196 genera and 53 families of higher vascular plants were recorded in the flora of the plot. The steppic component of this plot joins 213 species and infraspecific taxa (61.38 % of the total number of inventoried taxa) belonging to the collection fund and representing the flora of the Steppes of Ukraine, 126 species and infraspecific taxa (36.31 %) of which are introduced plants and 87 species and infraspecific taxa (25.07 %) are native plants. During the inventory, spontaneously growing plants that are not a part of the collection fund were precisely studied. Among inventoried plants, native non-steppic plants are represented by 46 species and infraspecific taxa (13.26 %); alien plants – by 88 taxa (25.36 %), including ergasiophygophytes (45 taxa, 12.97 %) and xenophytes (43 taxa, 12.39 %). The plants of the collection fund predominate on the plot and form the main vegetation cover.Currently, the taxonomic composition of the plot is similar to the characteristics of regional meadow-steppes. The perennials dominate in the biomorphological structure of the plot’s flora (63.69 %), which is typical for the steppic phytocoenoses. In general, a significant number of trees is present here (5.48 %), which is explained by the forest communities surrounding the plot and, as a result, their active self-sowing. Hemicryptophytes prevail in the plot’s flora (60.52 %). Nevertheless, the collection fund of the plot is distinguished by the absence of trees, a greater number of perennials (79.34 %), and hemicryptophytes (72.77 %). The steppic (33.33 %) and marginal (33.33 %) plants prevail in the collection fund, while the amount of meadow plants (18.78 %) is still significant. In the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, most of the rare introduced plants formed stable homeostatic introduction coenopopulations. Among them, 15 species and rare infraspecific taxa are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. У 2020–2022 рр. на ботаніко-географічній ділянці “Степи України” Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України (НБС) було вивчено повний таксономічний склад флори та проведено його аналіз. Ця ділянка була заснована у 1949 р. для демонстрації флористичного різноманіття Українських Степів ex situ. За результатами досліджень у флорі ділянки було зафіксовано 347 видів та внутрішньовидових таксонів вищих судинних рослин із 196 родів та 53 родин. Степову сутність цієї ділянки відображає колекційний фонд живих рослин, який об’єднує 213 видів та внутрішньовидових таксонів (61,38 %) флори Степів України, із яких 126 таксонів (36,31 %) інтродуковані рослини та 87 таксонів (25,07 %) місцеві рослини. В ході повної інвентаризації було детально вивчено спонтанно зростаючі рослини, які не входять до колекційного фонду. Місцевими не степовими рослинами є 46 видів та внутрішньовидових таксонів (13,26 %); чужорідними рослинами є 88 видів та внутрішньовидових таксонів (25,36 %), у їх числі ергазіофігофіти (45 таксонів, 12,97 %) та ксенофіти (43 таксони, 12,39 %). Рослини колекційного фонду кількісно переважають на ділянці і саме вони домінують у її рослинному покриві.Таксономічний склад флори ділянки нині подібний до характеристик регіональних лучних степів. У біоморфологічній структурі флори ділянки переважають трав’янисті багаторічники (63,69 %), що характерно для степових фітоценозів. Значна кількість дерев (5,48 %), що присутні тут, пояснюється оточенням ділянки лісовими угрупованнями та пов’язаним з цим активним формуванням тут самосіву дерев. Тут переважають гемікриптофіти (60,52 %). Втім, колекційний фонд ділянки відрізняється відсутністю дерев, більшою кількістю трав’янистих багаторічників (79,34 %) та гемікриптофітів (72,77 %). В еколого-ценотичному відношенні у колекційному фонді переважають степові (33,33 %) та узлісні (33,33 %) рослини, а також значною є присутність лучних рослин (18,78 %). Більшість рідкісних інтродукованих рослин сформували на ділянці “Степи України” стійкі гомеостатичні інтродукційні ценопопуляції. П’ятнадцять раритетних видів та внутрішньовидових таксонів внесені до Червоної книги України. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2022-11-21 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1621 10.46341/PI2022020 Plant Introduction; No 95/96 (2022); 96-129 Інтродукція Рослин; № 95/96 (2022); 96-129 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI95-96 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1621/1537 Copyright (c) 2022 Victoria Gritsenko, Oleksandr Shynder http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
spellingShingle Gritsenko, Victoria
Shynder, Oleksandr
Флора ботаніко-географічної ділянки “Степи України” у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
title Флора ботаніко-географічної ділянки “Степи України” у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
title_alt Flora of the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
title_full Флора ботаніко-географічної ділянки “Степи України” у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
title_fullStr Флора ботаніко-географічної ділянки “Степи України” у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
title_full_unstemmed Флора ботаніко-географічної ділянки “Степи України” у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
title_short Флора ботаніко-географічної ділянки “Степи України” у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
title_sort флора ботаніко-географічної ділянки “степи україни” у національному ботанічному саду імені м.м. гришка нан україни
url https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1621
work_keys_str_mv AT gritsenkovictoria floraofthebotanicalgeographicalplotsteppesofukraineinthemmgryshkonationalbotanicalgardenofthenasofukraine
AT shynderoleksandr floraofthebotanicalgeographicalplotsteppesofukraineinthemmgryshkonationalbotanicalgardenofthenasofukraine
AT gritsenkovictoria florabotaníkogeografíčnoídílânkistepiukraíniunacíonalʹnomubotaníčnomusaduímenímmgriškananukraíni
AT shynderoleksandr florabotaníkogeografíčnoídílânkistepiukraíniunacíonalʹnomubotaníčnomusaduímenímmgriškananukraíni

Ähnliche Einträge