Статистичні характеристики та кореляції морфометричних ознак плодів Asparagus officinalis L. у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
The current research was conducted in 2020–2023 on the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine and was focused on ripe fruits of Asparagus officinalis. This study aimed to find out the main statistical characteristics of mo...
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Автор: | |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
| Опубліковано: |
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2024
|
| Онлайн доступ: | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1637 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Plant Introduction |
| Завантажити файл: |  |
Репозитарії
Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860145153106247680 |
|---|---|
| author | Gritsenko, Victoria |
| author_facet | Gritsenko, Victoria |
| author_sort | Gritsenko, Victoria |
| baseUrl_str | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-03-05T18:42:33Z |
| description | The current research was conducted in 2020–2023 on the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine and was focused on ripe fruits of Asparagus officinalis. This study aimed to find out the main statistical characteristics of morphometric traits of A. officinalis fruits: fruit diameter, number of locules per fruit, number of seeds per fruit, number of seeds per locule, and to confirm or deny the hypothesis of positive pairwise correlations of the first three traits. Eighteen combinations of four morphometric traits were found in the A. officinalis fruits. For each morphometric feature of A. officinalis fruits, ten statistical characteristics were determined: arithmetic mean, median, mode, range of variation, oscillation coefficient, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, standard error of the mean, coefficient of skewness, and coefficient of kurtosis. The coefficient of variation showed that the number of seeds per fruit is the most variable of the studied morphometric traits of A. officinalis fruits, and the fruit diameter is the least variable. According to the comprehensive assessment of the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis, the distributions of the number of seeds per fruit and the diameter of the fruits are closest to the normal distribution. It was established that the correlations between pairs of such traits as fruit diameter and number of locules per fruit, fruit diameter and number of seeds per fruit, number of locules per fruit and number of seeds per fruit are positive, direct, and strong. Thus, considering the economic feasibility, it is more practical to collect A. officinalis fruits of a larger size to obtain a larger number of seeds. The results of this work are of interest for the morphology and biometrics of A. officinalis and its cultivation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2024003 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:54:20Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
Plant Introduction, 101/102, 44–56 (2024)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Statistical characteristics and correlations of morphometric traits of
Asparagus officinalis L. fruits in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical
Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
Victoria Gritsenko
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine;
gritsenkoviktoria@gmail.com
Received: 01.05.2024 | Accepted: 29.06.2024 | Published online: 16.07.2024
Abstract
The current research was conducted in 2020–2023 on the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”
at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine and was focused on ripe fruits
of Asparagus officinalis. This study aimed to find out the main statistical characteristics of morphometric
traits of A. officinalis fruits: fruit diameter, number of locules per fruit, number of seeds per fruit, number
of seeds per locule, and to confirm or deny the hypothesis of positive pairwise correlations of the first
three traits. Eighteen combinations of four morphometric traits were found in the A. officinalis fruits. For
each morphometric feature of A. officinalis fruits, ten statistical characteristics were determined: arithmetic
mean, median, mode, range of variation, oscillation coefficient, standard deviation, coefficient of variation,
standard error of the mean, coefficient of skewness, and coefficient of kurtosis. The coefficient of variation
showed that the number of seeds per fruit is the most variable of the studied morphometric traits of
A. officinalis fruits, and the fruit diameter is the least variable. According to the comprehensive assessment
of the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis, the distributions of the number of seeds per fruit and the
diameter of the fruits are closest to the normal distribution. It was established that the correlations
between pairs of such traits as fruit diameter and number of locules per fruit, fruit diameter and number
of seeds per fruit, number of locules per fruit and number of seeds per fruit are positive, direct, and
strong. Thus, considering the economic feasibility, it is more practical to collect A. officinalis fruits of a larger
size to obtain a larger number of seeds. The results of this work are of interest for the morphology and
biometrics of A. officinalis and its cultivation.
Keywords: Asparagus officinalis, fruit biometrics, variation series, alternative grouping
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2024003
UDC 581.4 + 512.2 : 582.58 (477-25)
Funding: The work has been conducted within the following research program of the Department of Natural Flora of the M. M.
Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2020–2024 “Botanical-geographical principles of
protection of ex situ floristic diversity” (state registration number 0120U000174).
Competing Interests: The author declares no conflict of interest.
Introduction
Asparagus officinalis L. (Asparagaceae) is a
dioecious herbaceous perennial cryptophytic
plant. Modern sources (GBIF, 2024; POWO,
2024), indicate the widespread distribution of
A. officinalis in many regions and countries of
the world, including in Ukraine. It is a native
species of Ukrainian flora (POWO, 2024). Here,
in its wild state, A. officinalis grows in natural
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-6977
Plant Introduction • 101/102 45
Statistical characteristics and correlations of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis
phytocoenoses in steppes, meadows, forest
edges, among bushes, and in other herbaceous
communities of Ukraine.
Asparagus officinalis is one of the oldest
vegetable crops known to humanity.
Information on the cultivation and
consumption of young shoots of A. officinalis
and botanical illustrations of this species were
given over 150 years ago (Schubert, 1870).
In the modern world, A. officinalis is widely
cultivated, eaten, and used in medicine
(Pegiou et al., 2019; Guo et al., 2020; Altunel,
2021; Özden et al., 2022; GBIF, 2024; POWO,
2024). It is characterized by many therapeutic
and pharmacological qualities (Iqbal et al.,
2017), particularly its antioxidant properties.
The concentration of iron or selenium
nanoparticles significantly increases the
antioxidant activity of A. officinalis stems
(Mohammadhassan et al., 2021).
In recent years, the following aspects have
also been characterized. Guo et al. (2020)
summarized the nutritional values, bioactive
compounds, biological functions, and the food
and non-food applications of A. officinalis.
Moreno-Pinel et al. (2021) presented an
overview of advances in cytogenetics
and molecular markers linked to the sex
of A. officinalis. Altunel (2021) conducted
comprehensive studies of Asparagus species,
including anatomical, morphological, habitat,
and productive characteristics. Özden et al.
(2022) revealed a wide range of variations
in agro-morphological characteristics of
A. officinalis like days to fruit ripening, edible
spear length and diameter, fresh and dry
weight, number of spears, male and female
plant length, number and weight of fruits. They
also stressed the need to collect A. officinalis
seeds for cultivation and the feasibility of
storing them in gene banks to protect genetic
diversity (Özden et al., 2022).
Regarding morphology (Gritsenko et al.,
2023), the fruit of A. officinalis is a berry, few-
locules and few-seeds. The berry is juicy,
spherical, smooth, and shiny. Ripe berries are
red, and overripe berries are black (Sikura,
2014). Ripe berries contain sugars (up to
36.0 %), capsanthin, physamine, alkaloids,
malic and citric organic acids (Grodzinsky,
1989); quercetin, rutin (2.5 % of dry weight),
and hyperoside (Iqbal et al., 2017). Roots,
shoots, leaves, flowers, and ripe berries
contain vitamins (A, B, C, and E), inorganic
compounds (Mg, P, Ca, Fe, and folic acid),
essential oils, amino acids (asparagine,
arginine, tyrosine), secondary metabolites
– flavonoids, kaempferol, resin and tannins
(Iqbal et al., 2017).
The morphometric traits of A. officinalis
fruits have been characterized for many
regions of the world (Bordzilovsky, 1950; Tutin
et al., 1980; Takhtajan, 1985; Prokudin, 1987;
Gleason & Cronquist, 1991; Tamanian, 2000;
Nichols, 2004; Utech, 2008; Tropicos, 2009,
2011, 2013; McNeal, 2012; Sikura, 2014; Altunel,
Figure 1. Geographical location of the study area: A – configuration and boundaries of the coenopopulation
of Asparagus officinalis on the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden
of the NAS of Ukraine (source – Google Maps, 2024; the yellow line indicates the boundaries of the
coenopopulation; the red point indicates the coordinates inside of the coenopopulation; scale – 50 m);
B – a fragment of plant cover within A. officinalis coenopopulation (the red point corresponds to A).
BA
46 Plant Introduction • 101/102
Gritsenko
2021; Native Plant Trust, 2024; WFO, 2024);
such traits in different sources differ or are
indicated without clear limits of traits.
In Ukraine, A. officinalis is applied in
medicine (Grodzinsky, 1989), cultivated
(Nechitaylo et al., 2005; Kutovenko et al., 2020),
demonstrated and researched in botanical
gardens and other botanical institutions as a
medicinal and ornamental plant (Mashkovska,
2015). The morphology of fruits of A. officinalis
from M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden
of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
(hereinafter – NBG) was described (Gritsenko
et al., 2023) but not analyzed statistically. It
was assumed that the morphometric traits
of A. officinalis fruits, such as fruit diameter,
Figure 2. Asparagus officinalis: А – fruiting on the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the
NBG; B – ripe fruits; C – cross-sections of fruits (numbers indicate the number of locules/seeds per fruit;
yellow lines indicate seeds). Scale: B–C – quadrate side is 5 mm.
BA
C
Plant Introduction • 101/102 47
Statistical characteristics and correlations of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis
number of locules per fruit, and number of
seeds per fruit, should be positively correlated
(Gritsenko et al., 2023).
A review of published sources revealed
that statistical studies of the morphometric
traits of A. officinalis fruits have not yet
been conducted. Therefore, this study aims
to statistically substantiate the obtained
data on the morphometry and clarify the
correlations of the morphometric traits of
A. officinalis fruits. For practical use, it is
worth discovering which fruits are better to
collect to obtain more seeds. The established
statistical characteristics can be used further
for monitoring and/or comparisons.
Material and methods
The work has been conducted within the
following research program of the Department
of Natural Flora of the NBG 2020–2024
“Botanical-geographical principles of
protection of ex situ floristic diversity and
the formation of the introduction populations
of plants”. The research was conducted in
2020–2023 at the botanical-geographical plot
“Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Asparagus officinalis is one of the components
of the artificially created meadow-steppe
phytocoenosis in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”
of the NBG. This polygonal plot was established
in the NBG in 1949 on an area of ca. 2.5 ha to
demonstrate the ex situ floristic diversity of
the Ukrainian Steppes. The primary material of
A. officinalis was brought to the plot “Steppes
of Ukraine” in 1952 from the natural steppe
communities of Ukraine. For today, a stable
coenopopulation of A. officinalis has formed.
For over 70 years, a reasonably successful
model of the meadow steppe of Ukraine was
formed on the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”; a total
of 347 species and subspecies were recorded
in the flora of the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”,
including A. officinalis (Gritsenko & Shynder,
2022). The area configuration of the plot
“Steppes of Ukraine” and angular landmarks
along its perimeter were indicated (Gritsenko
& Shynder, 2022). On the map, the boundaries
of A. officinalis coenopopulation in the plot
“Steppes of Ukraine” are shown (Fig. 1 A). The
coenopopulation of A. officinalis in this plot is
located in an open area with a flat relief and
is surrounded by forest vegetation (Fig. 1 B).
The coordinates inside of A. officinalis
Morphometric traits
FD Fruit diameter, mm
NLF Number of locules per fruit
NSF Number of seeds per fruit
NSL Number of seeds per locule
Statistical characteristics
As Coefficient of skewness, asymmetry
coefficient
Cv Coefficient of variation
Ex Coefficient of kurtosis
f Absolute frequency of the trait
f, % Relative frequency of the trait
fx, y Absolute frequency of trait pair
M Arithmetic mean (sample mean)
m Standard error of the mean
Me Median
Mo Mode
n Sample size
p, q Shares of the alternatives
r Pearson’s correlation coefficient
R Range of variation
s Standard deviation of the sample
sp Standard deviation of the shares of
the alternatives
VR Oscillation coefficient
x, y Numerical values of traits, variables
xmin, xmax Minimum and maximum value, limits
Table 1. Designations of morphometric traits of
Asparagus officinalis fruits and biometric terms.
coenopopulation are: N 50.411958 °,
E 30.566045 °.
At the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the
NBG, mature and ripening A. officinalis
fruits occur in September (Fig. 2 A, B). The
following quantitative morphometric traits
of A. officinalis fruits were determined: fruit
diameter, number of locules per fruit, number
of seeds per fruit, and number of seeds per
locule (Fig. 2 C). The diameter of the fruits
was measured using a caliper; the accuracy
of the measurements was 1 mm. The number
of locules per fruit was determined using
a cross-section of the fruit (Fig. 2 C). The
number of seeds per fruit and the number of
48 Plant Introduction • 101/102
Gritsenko
seeds per locule were counted by breaking the
fruit completely.
Sampling of A. officinalis fruits, grouping,
and statistical processing of data was carried
out using generally accepted concepts
(Chaddock, 1925; Studfile, 2012; Kubay &
Horbal, 2016; Illowsky & Dean, 2020; Dotmatics,
2024). Table 1 lists alphabetically the labels
of morphometric traits and biometric terms,
which are used below in the text, also in Tables
2–4 and Figs. 3–6.
The random (without repetitions) sampling
included 50 ripe fruits of A. officinalis. Fruits
were collected from different individuals at a
distance of more than 3 m from each other.
The results present eight combinations of the
morphometric fruit traits (FD, NLF, NSF, and
NSL). Indicators of each of the morphometric
traits are grouped into variation series.
Calculation results in Table 2–3 and Fig. 6
are rounded and specified with an accuracy
of 0.01 (original calculations were performed
with an accuracy of 0.000001).
The taxonomic nomenclature is provided
following POWO (2024).
Photos (Fig. 1 B; Fig. 2 А–C) were captured
by the author using a Canon Power Shot SD
4000 IS digital ELPH camera.
Results and discussion
Data presentation
Eighteen combinations of four
morphometric traits were found in the fruits
of A. officinalis (Fig. 3). According to the
set of traits in the sample of fruits (n = 50),
the most common (f = 5) were: fruits with a
diameter of 6 mm with two locules and two
seeds per fruit; fruits with a diameter of 8
cm with three locules and three seeds per
fruit. Often (f = 4) occurred: fruits with a
diameter of 7 mm with two locules and two
seeds per fruit; fruits 7 cm in diameter with
three locules and three seeds per fruit. In
all these cases, when f = 5 and 4, there was
one seed in each locule.
Figure 3. Combinations of morphometric traits in the Asparagus officinalis fruits. Along the abscissa axis,
numbers 1 to 18 indicate the combinations of morphometric traits; 1 and/or 2 (indicated vertically) show
the number of seeds in each locule for that particular combination. See abbreviations and units in Table 1.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 2 1 2
1,
1
2,
1
1,
1
2,
1
2,
2
1,
1,
1
2,
1,
1
2,
2
1,
1,
1
2.
1,
1
2
,2
,1
2
,2
,2
2
,2
,1
2
,2
,2
M
or
ph
om
et
ri
c
tr
ai
ts
Combinations (1–18) and NSL
FD NLF NSF
f 2 1 3 2 5 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 5 3 3 2 1 2
Plant Introduction • 101/102 49
Statistical characteristics and correlations of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis
Figure 4. Variation series of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis fruits: FD and NLF – left-skewed
distributions; NSF and NSL – right-skewed distributions. See abbreviations and units in Table 1.
5 1 16 2 27 3 38 49
5
6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
FD NLF NSF
f
5
5
1 1
1
6
2
2
2
7
3
3
8
4
9
5
6
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
FD NLF NSF NSL
f, %
n = 50 n = 50 n = 50 n = 114
Figure 5. Relative frequencies of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis fruits. See abbreviations and
units in Table 1.
Graphic representation of the variation
series of morphometric traits of A. officinalis
fruits gives a visualization of the variation of
each of these traits (Fig. 4). Variation series
represent quantitative morphometric traits of
A. officinalis fruits (Fig. 4). NSL is an alternative
trait (Figs. 2 C, 3, 4). Absolute frequencies (f)
show how often a particular variant occurs
in the sample. The total sum of the absolute
frequencies of each variation series is equal
50 Plant Introduction • 101/102
Gritsenko
Trait
(n = 50)
Statistic characteristics
M Me Mo R VR, % s Cv, % ± m As Ex
FD 7.06 7.00 8.00 4.00 56.66 1.04 14.71 0.15 -0.12 -0.70
NLF 2.28 2.00 3.00 2.00 87.72 0.73 32.00 0.10 -0.49 -0.95
NSF 3.18 3.00 3.00 5.00 157.23 1.38 43.41 0.20 0.39 -0.41
Table 2. Principal statistical characteristics of Asparagus officinalis fruits. See abbreviations and units in
Table 1.
Trait
(n = 114)
Seeds
per
locule
Statistic characteristics
f f, % p, q sp M Me Mo R VR, % Cv, % ± m As Ex
NSL
1 69 60.53 0.61
0.49 1.39 1.00 1.00 1.00 71.94 35.32 0.05 0.44 -1.84
2 45 39.47 0.39
Table 3. Statistical characteristics at an alternative grouping of traits in the fruits of Asparagus officinalis. See
abbreviations and units in Table 1.
to the sample size. Statistical totalities of
morphometric traits of A. officinalis fruits
are presented in the form of non-interval
variation series; the frequencies refer directly
to the ranked values of the traits, which
acquire the position of individual classes of the
variation series. According to the nature of the
frequency distribution in the classes of each
variation series, asymmetry of distributions is
observed (Fig. 4).
Absolute frequencies of morphometric
traits of A. officinalis fruits (Fig. 4) can be
presented as a percentage of the total
number, as relative frequencies; f, % are used
to compare variation series that differ in
volume (Fig. 5). The total sum of the relative
frequencies of each variation series is equal to
100 % (Fig. 5).
Among tested A. officinalis fruits,
the following features were most often
represented: fruits with a diameter of 8 mm
(f = 16; f, % = 32), 7 mm (f = 15; f, % = 30), and
6 mm (f = 13; f, % = 26); fruits with three (f = 22;
f, % = 44) and two (f = 20; f, % = 40) locules;
fruits with three (f = 14; f, % = 28), two (f = 12;
f, % = 24) and four (f = 11; f, % = 22) seeds (Figs.
4 & 5). In 50 tested A. officinalis fruits, 114
locules, and 159 seeds were counted in total;
each locule contained one or two seeds. One
seed per locule occurred more often, and two
seeds per locule – less frequently (Figs. 4 & 5).
Data analysis
The main statistical characteristics of fruit
diameter (FD), number of locules per fruit
(NLF), and number of seeds per fruit (NSF) of
Asparagus officinalis
For the morphometric traits (FD, NLF and
NSF) of A. officinalis fruits, the following basic
statistical characteristics were determined:
mean magnitudes (M, Me, Mo), indicators of
variation (R, VR, s, Cv), accuracy indicator (m)
and distribution indicators (As, Ex).
Arithmetic means can be represented
as decimals for the morphometric traits
measured as whole numbers (e.g., NLF and
NSF). The medians of the morphometric
traits of A. officinalis fruits are smaller than
the corresponding arithmetic means of these
traits (Table 2). In a sample of 50 fruits, the
following were most often found: fruits with
a diameter of 8 mm; fruits with three locules;
fruits with three seeds (Fig. 4; Table 2). Each of
these distributions is unimodal (Fig. 4).
The range of variations in the morphometric
traits of A. officinalis fruits is not large; R is
largest for NSF and smallest for NLF (Table 2).
The oscillation coefficient shows the degree
of the range of variation relative to the M; VR
is the smallest for FD and the largest for the
NSF. The standard deviation is used for the
comparative assessment of mean magnitudes
of the same name; s of A. officinalis FD, NLF
and NSF are presented in Table 2 too.
Plant Introduction • 101/102 51
Statistical characteristics and correlations of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis
0
1
2
3
4
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NLF
FD
r = 0.79
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NSF
FD
r = 0.80
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 1 2 3 4
NSF
NLF
r = 0.72
B
A
C
Figure 6. Correlations between pairs of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis fruits (n = 50). See
abbreviations and units in Table 1. fx, y – absolute frequency of trait pair: A – 35,1, 56,1, 86,2, 97,2, 67,3, 38,2, 138,3, 39,3;
B – 25,1, 15,2, 36,1, 76,2, 36,3, 47,2, 67,3, 57,4, 58,3, 68,4, 38,5, 28,6, 19,5, 29,6; C – 51,1, 31,2, 92,2, 52,3, 62,4, 93,3, 53,4, 43,5, 43,6.
52 Plant Introduction • 101/102
Gritsenko
Trait Condition Source
FD 7–8 Bordzilovsky (1950); Prokudin (1987); Tamanian (2000)
6–10 Tutin et al. (1980); Utech (2008); Tropicos (2009, 2013); Native Plant Trust (2024)
8 Gleason & Cronquist (1991)
≤10 Nichols (2004)
6–8 Tropicos (2011); McNeal (2012)
≤6 Sikura(2014)
5–9 Our data (2020–2023)
NLF 1–3 Our data (2020–2023)
≥1 Native Plant Trust (2024)
NSF (l–)2–4(–6) Tutin et al. (1980)
2–3 Tamanian (2000)
1–6 Nichols (2004); Altunel (2021); our data (2020–2023)
2–4 Utech (2008); Tropicos (2009, 2013)
≥2 Native Plant Trust (2024)
NSL 1–2 Takhtajan (1985); our data (2020–2023)
Table 4. Comparison of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis fruits. See abbreviations and units in
Table 1.
Among sampled fruits, the coefficient of
variation is the smallest for FD (Table 2). The
variation of FD is interpreted as moderate.
The coefficient of variation for NLF is
32.00 %, which is interpreted as significant.
The statistical totalities of FD and the
NLF are considered homogeneous. The
coefficient of variation is the largest (43.41 %)
for the NSF. Such a variation is significant.
The NSF statistical totality is considered
heterogeneous. The coefficient of variation
made it possible to find out that the NSF is the
most variable of the studied morphometric
traits of A. officinalis fruits, and the FD is the
least variable.
The standard error of the arithmetic mean
indicates the accuracy with which the sample
trait represents the general parameter. In a
sample of 50 fruits of A. officinalis, m is the
smallest for the arithmetic mean of NLF, so
this sample characteristic is closest to the
value of the general parameter (Table 2). In
the same sample of fruits, m is the largest
for the arithmetic mean of NSF, so this
sample characteristic represents the general
parameter less accurately.
The FD, NLF and NSF distributions are
asymmetric one-peaked (Fig. 4). For the FD
distribution (M 7.06 < Mo 8.00), the asymmetry
is left-sided, negative (Fig. 4; Table 2). The
NLF distribution is highly asymmetric: the
highest frequency is located at the right end
of the distribution (Fig. 4); for this distribution
(M 2.28 < Mo 3.00) the asymmetry is left-
sided, negative. The asymmetry of the NSF
distribution (M 3.18 > Mo 3.00) is right-sided
positive. There is a minor asymmetry for the
FD distribution and moderate asymmetry for
the NLF and NSF distributions (Table 2).
The kurtosis coefficients of the
distributions of A. officinalis FD, NLF and
NSF are negative (Table 2), proving that these
distributions are smoothed compared to the
normal distribution. The NSF distribution
is characterized by moderately pronounced
Ex, and the FD and NLF distributions are
characterized by markedly pronounced Ex
(Table 2).
According to the comprehensive
assessment of As and Ex (Table 2), the NSF
and FD distributions are closer to the normal
distribution, and the NLF distribution is the
most distant from the normal distribution
(Fig. 4).
Distribution indicators and the other
statistical indices given here can vary between
Plant Introduction • 101/102 53
Statistical characteristics and correlations of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis
different samplings. In the future, our results
can be used to compare data across various
spatial and/or temporal scales or between
different species of the genus Asparagus L.
Statistical characteristics for alternative
grouping of the number of seeds per locule (NSL)
With an alternative grouping of NSL, their
statistical characteristics are both absolute
(Fig. 4) and relative (Fig. 5) frequencies of
alternatives opposed to each other (Table 3).
The standard deviation of the shares of
alternatives (sp) is close to the maximum
value. Since NSL is not only an alternative
but also a quantitative trait, other statistical
characteristics can be determined. Locules
with one seed were the most common among
the totality. The variation is significant; the
NSL statistical totality is heterogeneous. The
standard error of the mean is ± 0.05, and the
sample mean of the NSL is very close to the
value of the general parameter.
The NSL distribution is highly asymmetric:
the highest frequency is located at the
left end of the distribution (Fig. 4); for this
distribution (M 1.39 > Mo 1.00), the asymmetry
is right-sided positive (Fig. 4; Table 3). There is
moderate asymmetry for the NSL distribution
(Table 3). A strongly pronounced negative
kurtosis characterizes the NSL distribution.
This indicates a smoothed NSL distribution
compared to a normal distribution.
Correlation analysis
It was established that correlations between
pairs of morphometric traits of A. officinalis
fruits, such as FD and NLF, FD and NSF, and
NLF and NSF are positive, direct, and strong
(Fig. 6). For each of the correlation coefficients
(Fig. 6 A–C), the p-value is < 0.0001. Hence,
this difference is highly statistically significant
(Dotmatics, 2024). In the morphology of the
fruits of A. officinalis, such regularities are
statistically substantiated for the first time and
represent a theoretical scientific novelty. In
practice, to obtain a larger number of seeds, it
is more appropriate to collect fruits of a larger
size (Fig. 6 B).
Data comparison and application
perspectives
The FD values of A. officinalis reported here
generally correspond to previously published
data (Table 4).
The NLF of A. officinalis is 1–3 (Figs. 2C, 3–5);
these data specify and delineate the possible
range of NLF (Table 4).
The obtained data on the NSF correspond
to the data reported before (Tutin et al., 1980;
Nichols, 2004; Altunel, 2021), which are given
in part of the sources (Table 4). In the plot
“Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG, fruits of
A. officinalis with 2–4 seeds are more common
(Fig. 4–5); according to Table 4, this is typical
for the European flora in general (Tutin et al.,
1980).
The obtained data on the NSL and those
given in other sources match (Table 4).
Takhtajan (1985) indicated that in the
A. officinalis fruits, two seeds per locule occur
less often than one. Our study proved that
the relative frequency of one seed per locule
is 60.53 %, and two seeds per locule is 39.47 %
(Fig. 5; Table 3).
In the future, it is worth analyzing
samples of A. officinalis fruits from different
parts of the world to conduct more detailed
research.
Conclusions
Asparagus officinalis is a native species of
the Ukrainian flora and, at the same time, is
widely used all over the world as a food and
medicinal plant. The current research was
focused on the ripened A. officinalis fruits in
an artificially created meadow-steppe culture
phytocoenosis at the NBG (Kyiv, Ukraine).
Eighteen combinations of four
morphometric traits: fruit diameter (FD),
number of locules per fruit (NLF), number of
seeds per fruit (NSF), and number of seeds per
locule (NSL), were statistically processed in
the A. officinalis fruits. In the variation series
of these traits, the following occurred most
often: fruits with a diameter of 8 mm; fruits
with three locules; fruits with three seeds, and
locules with one seed.
For each morphometric feature
of A. officinalis fruits, ten statistical
characteristics were determined: arithmetic
mean, median, mode, range of variation,
oscillation coefficient, standard deviation,
coefficient of variation, standard error of
the mean, coefficient of skewness, and
coefficient of kurtosis. The coefficient of
variation showed that the NSF is the most
54 Plant Introduction • 101/102
Gritsenko
variable of the studied morphometric traits
of A. officinalis fruits, and the FD is the least
variable. According to the comprehensive
assessment of the coefficients of skewness
and kurtosis, the NSF and FD distributions
are closer to the normal distribution; the NLF
and NSL distributions are the most distant
from the normal distribution.
Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, it
was established that the correlations between
pairs of such traits as FD and NLF, FD and
NSF, NLF and NSF are positive, direct, and
strong. This is a new theoretical contribution
to the morphology of A. officinalis fruits. As
for practical application, considering the
economic feasibility, it is more efficient to
collect fruits of a larger size to obtain more
seeds.
At the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG,
A. officinalis fruits are collected every fall.
Extracted seeds are accumulated in the Seed
Laboratory of the NBG to protect the gene
pool, long-term storage and exchange with
other botanical institutions of the world.
References
Altunel, T.A. (2021). Morphological and habitat
characteristics of asparagus (Asparagus
officinalis L.) and socio-economic structure of
producers. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food
Science and Technology, 9(6), 1092–1099. https://
doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.1092-1099.4269
Bordzilovsky, E.I. (1950). Family Liliyni – Liliaceae
Hall. In M.I. Kotov (Ed.), Flora of UkrSSR. Vol. 3 (pp.
61–266). Edition of the Academy of Sciences of
the UkrSSR, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian)
Chaddock, R.E. (1925). Principles and methods of
statistics. 1st ed. Houghton Miffin Company, the
Riverside Press, Cambridge.
Dotmatics. (2024). GraphPad. https://www.
graphpad.com/quickcalcs/pValue1/
GBIF. (2024). Asparagus officinalis L. https://www.
gbif.org/ru/species/2768885
Gleason, H.A., & Cronquist, A. (1991). Manual
of vascular plants of northeastern United States
and adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. The New York
Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. https://sweetgum.
nybg.org/science/world-flora/monographs-
details/?irn=4208
Google Maps. (2024). https://www.google.com.
ua/maps/@50.4122646,30.5646912,295m/
data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ru
Gritsenko V.V., Vakulenko, T.B., & Kayutkina, T.M.
(2023, February 20). Morphology of fruits and
seeds of Asparagus officinalis L. (Asparagaceae) in
the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of
the NAS of Ukraine. In PLANTA+. Science, practice
and education: The proceedings of the Fourth
Scientific and Practical Conference with International
Participation, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of
Pharmacognosy and Botany Department Bogomolets
National Medical University. Vol. 1 (pp. 220–223).
Kyiv. (In Ukrainian). https://www.researchgate.
net/publ icat ion/368881507_Morfologia_
plodiv_i_nasinna_Asparagus_officinalis_L_
Asparagaceae_u_Nacionalnomu_botanicnomu_
sadu_imeni_MM_Griska_NAN_Ukraini
Gritsenko, V.V., & Shynder, O.I. (2022). Flora of the
botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”
at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden
of the NAS of Ukraine. Plant Introduction, 95/96,
96–129. https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2022020
Grodzinsky, A.M. (Ed.). (1989). Medicinal plants:
encyclopedic reference. Head. ed. URE, Kyiv.
(In Ukrainian)
Guo, Q., Wang, N., Liu, H., Li, Z., Lu, L., & Wang, C.
(2020). The bioactive compounds and biological
functions of Asparagus officinalis L. – a review.
Journal of Functional Foods, 65, Article 103727.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.103727
Illowsky, B., & Dean, S. (2020). Statistics. OpenStax.
https://openstax.org/details/books/statistics
Iqbal, M., Bibi, Y., Raja, N. I., Ejaz, M., Hussain, M.,
Yasmeen, F., Saira, H., & Imran, M. (2017). Review
on therapeutic and pharmaceutically important
medicinal plant Asparagus officinalis L. Journal of
Plant Biochemistry & Physiology, 5(1), Article 1000180.
https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000180
Kubay, D., & Horbal, A. (2016). Basics of statistics
and data analysis. In D. Kubay & A. Horbal (Eds.),
The open guide to open data. Ukrainian Center for
Public Data. (In Ukrainian). https://socialdata.org.
ua/manual/manual4/
Kutovenko, V.B., Kostenko, N.P., Yermilov, A.S.,
& Kutovenko. V.O. (2020). Morphological–
biometric assessment of asparagus hybrids
(Asparagus officinalis L.) in the Steppe of Ukraine.
Plant and Soil Science, 11(2), 67–73. (In Ukrainian).
http://doi.org/10.31548/agr2020.02.067
Mashkovska, S.P. (Ed.). (2015). Catalog of ornamental
herbaceous plants of botanical gardens and arboretums
of Ukraine: a reference guide. Kyiv. (In Ukrainian).
http://www.nbg.kiev.ua/upload/biblio/katalog.pdf
McNeal, D.W. (2012). Asparagus officinalis subsp.
officinalis. In Jepson Flora Project (Eds.), The
Jepson Herbarium. Jepson eFlora. University of
California, Berkeley. https://ucjeps.berkeley.
edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=77139
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.1092-1099.4269
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.1092-1099.4269
https://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/pValue1/
https://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/pValue1/
https://www.gbif.org/ru/species/2768885
https://www.gbif.org/ru/species/2768885
https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/world-flora/monographs-details/?irn=4208
https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/world-flora/monographs-details/?irn=4208
https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/world-flora/monographs-details/?irn=4208
https://www.google.com.ua/maps/@50.4122646,30.5646912,295m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ru
https://www.google.com.ua/maps/@50.4122646,30.5646912,295m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ru
https://www.google.com.ua/maps/@50.4122646,30.5646912,295m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ru
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368881507_Morfologia_plodiv_i_nasinna_Asparagus_officinalis
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368881507_Morfologia_plodiv_i_nasinna_Asparagus_officinalis
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368881507_Morfologia_plodiv_i_nasinna_Asparagus_officinalis
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368881507_Morfologia_plodiv_i_nasinna_Asparagus_officinalis
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368881507_Morfologia_plodiv_i_nasinna_Asparagus_officinalis
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2022020
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.103727
https://openstax.org/details/books/statistics
https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000180
https://socialdata.org.ua/manual/manual4/
https://socialdata.org.ua/manual/manual4/
http://doi.org/10.31548/agr2020.02.067
http://www.nbg.kiev.ua/upload/biblio/katalog.pdf
https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=77139
https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=77139
Plant Introduction • 101/102 55
Statistical characteristics and correlations of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis
Mohammadhassan, R., Ferdosi, A., Seifalian, A.M.,
Seifalian, M., & Malmir, S. (2021). Nanoelicitors
application promote antioxidant capacity of Asparagus
officinalis (in vitro). Journal of Tropical Life Science, 11(3),
259–265. https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.03.01
Moreno-Pinel, R., Castro-López, P., Die-Ramón, J.V.,
& Gil-Ligero, J. (2021). Asparagus (Asparagus
officinalis L.) breeding. In J.M. Al-Khayri, S.M. Jain, D.V.
Johnson (Eds.), Advances in plant breeding strategies:
vegetable crops (pp. 425–469). Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66961-4_12
Native Plant Trust. (2024). Go Botany (3.9).
Asparagus officinalis – asparagus. https://gobotany.
nativeplanttrust.org/species/asparagus/officinalis/
Nechitaylo, V.A., Badanina, V.A., & Gritsenko, V.V.
(2005). The cultural plants of Ukraine. Kyiv.
(In Ukrainian). https://www.researchgate.net/
publication/337085456_The_cultural_plants_of_
Ukraine
Nichols, M.A. (2004). Asparagus officinalis L. In
G.J.H. Grubben & O.A. Denton (Eds.), PROTA
(Plant Resources of Tropical Africa). Wageningen,
Netherlands. https://uses.plantnet-project.org/
en/Asparagus_officinalis_(PROTA)
Özden, E., Şeyran, A., Koçak, M.Z., Kumlay, A.M,
Tel, A.Z., & Alma, M.H. (2022). Determination
of natural distribution areas and some agro-
morphological characteristics with sexual
dimorphism of wild asparagus (Asparagus
officinalis L.) in Iğdır plain – Turkey. Genetic
Resources and Crop Evolution, 70, 461–478. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s10722-022-01440-4
Pegiou, E., Mumm, R., Acharya, P., de Vos, R.C.H.,
& Hall, R.D. (2019). Green and white asparagus
(Asparagus officinalis): a source of developmental,
chemical and urinary intrigue. Metabolites, 10(1),
Article 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10010017
POWO. (2024). Asparagus officinalis L. Facilitated by the
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.
kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:531229-1
Prokudin, Y.N. (Ed.). (1987). Key to higher plants of
Ukraine. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv. (In Russian)
Schubert, G.G. (1870). Botanical atlas of Schubert. As
an auxiliary addition to any training manual with a
brief explanatory text in the translation of N.I. Raevsky.
F.A. Bitepage.
Sikura, Y.Y. (2014). Morphological features of fruits and seeds
of flowering plants of the world flora. TIMPANI, Uzhhorod.
(In Hungarian and Ukrainian). https://www.kmf.uz.ua/
hun114/images/konyvek/Szikura_flora_teljes.pdf
Studfile. (2012). Daily statistics. University of
Customs and Finance. (In Ukrainian). https://
studfile.net/preview/5705743/
Takhtajan, A.L. (1985). Comparative anatomy of seeds.
Monocots. Vol. 1. Nauka. (In Russian)
Tamanian, K.G. (2000). Asparagus officinalis L. In P.H.
Raven & W. Zheng-Yi (Eds.), Flora of China. Vol. 24 (p.
214). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis. http://www.efloras.org/
florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027573
Tropicos. (2009). Asparagus officinalis L. In Flora de
Nicaragua. Missouri Botanical Garden. http://
legacy.tropicos.org/Name/18403589?projectid=
7&langid=66
Tropicos. (2011). Asparagus officinalis L. In Flora of
Pakistan. Missouri Botanical Garden. http://legacy.
tropicos.org/Name/18403589?projectid=32
Tropicos. (2013). Asparagus officinalis L. In
Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Missouri
Botanical Garden. http://legacy.tropicos.org/
Name/18403589?projectid=66
Tutin, T.G., Heywood, H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M.,
Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A.
(Eds.). (1980). Flora Europaea. Vol. 5. Cambridge
University Press.
Utech, F.H. (2008). Asparagus officinalis L. In Flora of
North America Editorial Committee (Eds.), Flora of
North America. Vol. 26 (p. 214). Missouri Botanical
Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University
Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. http://www.efloras.org/
florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027573
WFO. (2024). Asparagus officinalis L. http://www.
worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000634022
Статистичні характеристики та кореляції морфометричних ознак плодів
Asparagus officinalis L. у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН
України
Вікторія Гриценко
Національний ботанічний сад імені М. М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Садово-Ботанічна, 1, Київ, 01014,
Україна; gritsenkoviktoria@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.03.01
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66961-4_12
https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/asparagus/officinalis/
https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/asparagus/officinalis/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337085456_The_cultural_plants_of_Ukraine
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337085456_The_cultural_plants_of_Ukraine
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337085456_The_cultural_plants_of_Ukraine
https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Asparagus_officinalis_(PROTA)
https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Asparagus_officinalis_(PROTA)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-022-01440-4
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-022-01440-4
https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10010017
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:531229-1
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:531229-1
https://www.kmf.uz.ua/hun114/images/konyvek/Szikura_flora_teljes.pdf
https://www.kmf.uz.ua/hun114/images/konyvek/Szikura_flora_teljes.pdf
https://studfile.net/preview/5705743/
https://studfile.net/preview/5705743/
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027573
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027573
http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/18403589?projectid=7&langid=66
http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/18403589?projectid=7&langid=66
http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/18403589?projectid=7&langid=66
http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/18403589?projectid=32
http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/18403589?projectid=32
http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/18403589?projectid=66
http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/18403589?projectid=66
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027573
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027573
http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000634022
http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000634022
56 Plant Introduction • 101/102
Gritsenko
Дослідження проводилися у 2020–2023 рр. на ботаніко-географічній ділянці “Степи України”
Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України і були зосереджені на дозрілих
плодах Asparagus officinalis. Метою цього дослідження було з’ясувати основні статистичні
характеристики таких морфометричних ознак плодів A. officinalis, як діаметр плодів, кількість гнізд
на плід, кількість насінин на плід та кількість насінин на гніздо. У плодах A. officinalis виявлено
вісімнадцять комбінацій чотирьох морфометричних ознак. Для кожної морфометричної ознаки
плодів A. officinalis з’ясовано по десять статистичних характеристик: середнє арифметичне, медіана,
мода, розмах варіації, коефіцієнт осциляції, стандартне відхилення, коефіцієнт варіації, стандартна
похибка середнього, коефіцієнт асиметрії та коефіцієнт ексцесу. Коефіцієнт варіації показав, що
серед досліджуваних морфометричних ознак плодів A. officinalis найбільш варіабельною є кількість
насінин на плід, а найменш варіабельний – діаметр плодів. Відповідно до комплексної оцінки
коефіцієнтів асиметрії та ексцесу, найбільш близькими до нормального розподілу є розподіл
кількості насінин на плід та розподіл діаметру плодів. Підтверджено гіпотезу про кореляції
морфометричних ознак плодів A. officinalis. Установлено, що кореляції між парами таких ознак, як
діаметр плодів та кількість гнізд на плід, діаметр плодів та кількість насінин на плід, кількість гнізд
на плід та кількість насінин на плід є позитивними, прямими та сильними. Таким чином, з огляду
на економічну доцільність, для отримання більшої кількості насіння практичніше збирати плоди
A. officinalis більшого розміру. Результати цієї роботи становлять інтерес для морфології та біометрії
A. officinalis та його культивування.
Ключові слова: Asparagus officinalis, біометрія плодів, варіаційні ряди, альтернативне групування
|
| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1637 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-03-12T15:49:11Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/70/7dceab86daa3fa93fa2d4ed93e6efc70.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-16372026-03-05T18:42:33Z Statistical characteristics and correlations of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis L. fruits in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine Статистичні характеристики та кореляції морфометричних ознак плодів Asparagus officinalis L. у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України Gritsenko, Victoria The current research was conducted in 2020–2023 on the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine and was focused on ripe fruits of Asparagus officinalis. This study aimed to find out the main statistical characteristics of morphometric traits of A. officinalis fruits: fruit diameter, number of locules per fruit, number of seeds per fruit, number of seeds per locule, and to confirm or deny the hypothesis of positive pairwise correlations of the first three traits. Eighteen combinations of four morphometric traits were found in the A. officinalis fruits. For each morphometric feature of A. officinalis fruits, ten statistical characteristics were determined: arithmetic mean, median, mode, range of variation, oscillation coefficient, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, standard error of the mean, coefficient of skewness, and coefficient of kurtosis. The coefficient of variation showed that the number of seeds per fruit is the most variable of the studied morphometric traits of A.&nbsp;officinalis fruits, and the fruit diameter is the least variable. According to the comprehensive assessment of the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis, the distributions of the number of seeds per fruit and the diameter of the fruits are closest to the normal distribution. It was established that the correlations between pairs of such traits as fruit diameter and number of locules per fruit, fruit diameter and number of seeds per fruit, number of locules per fruit and number of seeds per fruit are positive, direct, and strong. Thus, considering the economic feasibility, it is more practical to collect A. officinalis fruits of a larger size to obtain a larger number of seeds. The results of this work are of interest for the morphology and biometrics of A. officinalis and its cultivation. Дослідження проводилися у 2020–2023 рр. на ботаніко-географічній ділянці “Степи України” Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України і були зосереджені на дозрілих плодах Asparagus officinalis. Метою цього дослідження було з’ясувати основні статистичні характеристики таких морфометричних ознак плодів A. officinalis, як діаметр плодів, кількість гнізд на плід, кількість насінин на плід та кількість насінин на гніздо. У плодах A. officinalis виявлено вісімнадцять комбінацій чотирьох морфометричних ознак. Для кожної морфометричної ознаки плодів A. officinalis з’ясовано по десять статистичних характеристик: середнє арифметичне, медіана, мода, розмах варіації, коефіцієнт осциляції, стандартне відхилення, коефіцієнт варіації, стандартна похибка середнього, коефіцієнт асиметрії та коефіцієнт ексцесу. Коефіцієнт варіації показав, що серед досліджуваних морфометричних ознак плодів A. officinalis найбільш варіабельною є кількість насінин на плід, а найменш варіабельний – діаметр плодів. Відповідно до комплексної оцінки коефіцієнтів асиметрії та ексцесу, найбільш близькими до нормального розподілу є розподіл кількості насінин на плід та розподіл діаметру плодів. Підтверджено гіпотезу про кореляції морфометричних ознак плодів A.&nbsp;officinalis. Установлено, що кореляції між парами таких ознак, як діаметр плодів та кількість гнізд на плід, діаметр плодів та кількість насінин на плід, кількість гнізд на плід та кількість насінин на плід є позитивними, прямими та сильними. Таким чином, з огляду на економічну доцільність, для отримання більшої кількості насіння практичніше збирати плоди A.&nbsp;officinalis більшого розміру. Результати цієї роботи становлять інтерес для морфології та біометрії A.&nbsp;officinalis та його культивування. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2024-07-16 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1637 10.46341/PI2024003 Plant Introduction; No 101/102 (2024); 44-56 Інтродукція Рослин; № 101/102 (2024); 44-56 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI101-102 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1637/1553 Copyright (c) 2024 Victoria Gritsenko http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Gritsenko, Victoria Статистичні характеристики та кореляції морфометричних ознак плодів Asparagus officinalis L. у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title | Статистичні характеристики та кореляції морфометричних ознак плодів Asparagus officinalis L. у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title_alt | Statistical characteristics and correlations of morphometric traits of Asparagus officinalis L. fruits in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| title_full | Статистичні характеристики та кореляції морфометричних ознак плодів Asparagus officinalis L. у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title_fullStr | Статистичні характеристики та кореляції морфометричних ознак плодів Asparagus officinalis L. у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title_full_unstemmed | Статистичні характеристики та кореляції морфометричних ознак плодів Asparagus officinalis L. у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title_short | Статистичні характеристики та кореляції морфометричних ознак плодів Asparagus officinalis L. у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title_sort | статистичні характеристики та кореляції морфометричних ознак плодів asparagus officinalis l. у національному ботанічному саду імені м.м. гришка нан україни |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1637 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gritsenkovictoria statisticalcharacteristicsandcorrelationsofmorphometrictraitsofasparagusofficinalislfruitsinthemmgryshkonationalbotanicalgardenofthenasofukraine AT gritsenkovictoria statističníharakteristikitakorelâcíímorfometričnihoznakplodívasparagusofficinalislunacíonalʹnomubotaníčnomusaduímenímmgriškananukraíni |