Гемерофіти Державного дендрологічного парку “Тростянець” НАН України (Чернігівська область, Україна): історія формування насаджень, сучасний стан акліматизації та натуралізації, поширення інвазійних рослин
This study analyzes the acclimatization and naturalization processes of hemerophytes in the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine). The research focuses on the systematic and ecological assessment of 151 alien plant species t...
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2025
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Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860145165052674048 |
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| author | Shynder, Oleksandr Tarabun, Maryna Kolomiychuk, Vitaliy |
| author_facet | Shynder, Oleksandr Tarabun, Maryna Kolomiychuk, Vitaliy |
| author_sort | Shynder, Oleksandr |
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| description | This study analyzes the acclimatization and naturalization processes of hemerophytes in the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine). The research focuses on the systematic and ecological assessment of 151 alien plant species that were introduced to the park for cultivation. The study reveals that 72 species have escaped from the cultivation area and are actively naturalizing within the park’s spontaneous flora, while 79 species remain within managed plantations. Due to active naturalization, in the spontaneous flora on the park’s territory, among 123 wild alien plants, the majority (58.5 %) are ergasiophygophytes. Among ergasiophygophytes, woody plants predominate (73.6 %).The systematic composition of naturalized species indicates dominance of eudicots (125 species), followed by gymnosperms (18 species) and monocots (seven species). Woody plants, including trees, shrubs, and lianas (the total share is 82.1 %) demonstrate the highest potential for long-term acclimatization and further expansion beyond cultivated areas. By geographical origin, the largest number of acclimatized hemerophytes originates from North America (34.4 %), Asia (24.5 %), and the regions of the Ancient Mediterranean (20.6 %). The research highlights 16 invasive species, with 12 already forming spontaneous populations in the park. Among them, Acer negundo, Parthenocissus inserta, Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus rubra, and Fraxinus pennsylvanica are actively spreading, forming dense populations within and beyond the park boundaries. Potentially invasive taxa, such as Ailanthus altissima, also demonstrate the ability to establish self-sustaining populations. The spread of certain species, particularly woody lianas like Clematis vitalba and Vitis riparia, suggests a high potential for ecological transformation of local habitats. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2025004 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:54:28Z |
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Plant Introduction, 105/106, 33–51 (2025)
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Hemerophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets” of the NAS
of Ukraine (Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine): history of plantation formation,
current state of acclimatization and naturalization, and distribution of
invasive plants
Oleksandr Shynder 1, *, Maryna Tarabun 2, **, Vitaliy Kolomiychuk 3
1 M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01103 Kyiv, Ukraine;
* shinderoleksandr@gmail.com
2 State Dendrological Park “Trostianets”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Skoropadskoho str. 1, 16742 Trostianets, Chernihiv
Oblast, Ukraine; ** marina.tarabun@gmail.com
3 O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Symona Petliury str. 1, 01032 Kyiv, Ukraine
Received: 15.02.2025 | Accepted: 21.03.2025 | Published online: 23.04.2025
Abstract
This study analyzes the acclimatization and naturalization processes of hemerophytes in the State
Dendrological Park “Trostianets” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Chernihiv Oblast,
Ukraine). The research focuses on the systematic and ecological assessment of 151 alien plant species
that were introduced to the park for cultivation. The study reveals that 72 species have escaped from the
cultivation area and are actively naturalizing within the park’s spontaneous flora, while 79 species remain
within managed plantations. Due to active naturalization, in the spontaneous flora on the park’s territory,
among 123 wild alien plants, the majority (58.5 %) are ergasiophygophytes. Among ergasiophygophytes,
woody plants predominate (73.6 %).
The systematic composition of naturalized species indicates dominance of eudicots (125 species), followed
by gymnosperms (18 species) and monocots (seven species). Woody plants, including trees, shrubs, and
lianas (the total share is 82.1 %) demonstrate the highest potential for long-term acclimatization and
further expansion beyond cultivated areas. By geographical origin, the largest number of acclimatized
hemerophytes originates from North America (34.4 %), Asia (24.5 %), and the regions of the Ancient
Mediterranean (20.6 %). The research highlights 16 invasive species, with 12 already forming spontaneous
populations in the park. Among them, Acer negundo, Parthenocissus inserta, Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus
rubra, and Fraxinus pennsylvanica are actively spreading, forming dense populations within and beyond
the park boundaries. Potentially invasive taxa, such as Ailanthus altissima, also demonstrate the ability to
establish self-sustaining populations. The spread of certain species, particularly woody lianas like Clematis
vitalba and Vitis riparia, suggests a high potential for ecological transformation of local habitats.
Keywords: alien plants, inventory, naturalization, spontaneous flora, plant introduction, historic parks
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2025004
UDC 581.524.3 + 582.632.2 : 712.25 (477.51)
Authors’ contributions: All authors participated in the field research and in writing the text. M. Tarabun analyzed archival materials.
O. Shinder analyzed the rates of naturalization of hemerophytes. V. Kolomiychuk performed geobotanical descriptions of some
quarters.
Funding: The work was carried out without attracting funds from any special project.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
34 Plant Introduction • 105/106
Shynder et al.
Introduction
The State Dendrological Park “Trostianets” of
the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
(shortened – Dendrological Park “Trostianets”)
is the largest park in Left-Bank Ukraine. It was
founded in the first half of the 19th century as
a plantation in the magnate residence of I.M.
Skoropadskyi, a descendant of a hetman family
(Kochubey, 1888; Klymenko, 1999; Iljenko,
2004; Tarabun & Medvedyev, 2021). Currently,
it is a part of the Ichnianskyi National Nature
Park (Zhyhalenko & Andriyenko, 2012). The
history of the formation of many historic parks,
including the Dendrological Park “Trostianets”,
has endured periods of prosperity and decline
for a long time. Today, the park’s ancient
trees have exceptional value, while during
the park’s creation, plants were introduced
as exotic decorations and a source of pride
for landowners. Nowadays, the taxonomic
composition of historic park plantations is the
subject of floristic and dendrological studies
(Kokhno, 2002; Khodosovtsev et al., 2019;
Boiko, 2023).
The acclimatization and naturalization of
hemerophytes (intentionally introduced alien
plants) are among the main tasks of practical
botanical science (Klymenko, 2012; Rakhmetov
& Zaimenko, 2022; Zaimenko & Rakhmetov,
2022). However, a downside of this process is
the escape of many ergasiophygophytes and
their subsequent spread beyond the initial
introduction sites, with the most naturalized
alien plants becoming invasive (Nagodă et al.,
2014; Protopopova & Shevera, 2019). This
underscores the importance of studying the
spontaneous flora of such areas (Galera &
Sudnik-Wójcikowska, 2004; Bomanowska
et al., 2012; Protopopova & Shevera, 2014;
Burda & Koniakin, 2019). Monitoring the
acclimatization and naturalization of
hemerophytes in historic parks is a relevant
task, considering the irreversible processes of
climate change (Rakhmetov & Zaimenko, 2022)
and the importance of monitoring biodiversity
in significant conservation areas.
The aim of the study was: (a) to
summarize information on the history of
plantation formation in the Dendrological
Park “Trostianets”; (b) to study the state of
acclimatization and naturalization of alien
cultivated plants; (c) to assess their invasive
activity in relation to the spontaneous flora.
Material and methods
Territorial features
The State Dendrological Park “Trostianets”
of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine is located in the southeastern part of
Chernihiv Oblast, in the Trostianets village,
Parafiivka community, Pryluky district.
The park’s main entrance coordinates are
50.786272 ° N, 32.812757 ° E. The park currently
covers a 204.7 ha area. Over 190 ha represent
historic and other plantations, while the rest
includes nurseries, fields, and residential
areas (Fig. 1). Today, the Dendrological Park
“Trostianets” is one of the largest centers
for plant introduction, acclimatization, and
conservation in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe
zone of Ukraine.
Research matter
The subject of this research was to summarize
information on the acclimatization
and naturalization of hemerophytes —
intentionally introduced alien plants
cultivated within the Dendrological Park
“Trostianets” (Holub & Jirásek, 1967; Pyšek
et al., 2004). Hemerophytes are categorized
based on their habitat into ergasiophytes
(cultivated plants intentionally planted in the
park’s plantations; in Ukrainian literature,
the term ‘introducents’ is widely applied to
characterize this group – Rakhmetov et al.,
2004; Iljenko & Medvedev, 2012; Zaimenko &
Rakhmetov, 2022) and ergasiophygophytes
(escapees from cultivation that have
spontaneously established in new habitats
– Naegeli & Thellung, 1905; Pyšek et al.,
2004). This study focused on acclimatized
ergasiophytes – cultivated plants that have
achieved complete acclimatization, meaning
they reproduce by self-seeding or vegetatively
in their cultivation sites (Kokhno, 1983). The
objective was to determine what proportion
of ergasiophytes in the park’s plantations
had achieved complete acclimatization, and,
among them, which had expanded beyond
cultivation and begun to naturalize. The
processes of acclimatization and naturalization
of hemerophytes were considered as a
continuous spectrum. Acclimatization is
regarded as the adaptation of a plant or
species to environmental conditions within
cultivation, whereas naturalization is the
process of a species adapting to spontaneous
Plant Introduction • 105/106 35
Hemerophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets”
growth conditions in a given area (Richardson
et al., 2000). If naturalization is considered
as an alien species overcoming successive
limiting barriers (as suggested in the scheme
by Richardson et al., 2000), acclimatization
can be considered a process parallel to
the initial stages of naturalization under
controlled cultivation conditions (we will
explore this issue in more detail in another
publication). Since the objects of this study
were hemerophytes cultivated in the
Dendrological Park “Trostianets”, all of them
are ergasiophytes, and those plants that
have escaped cultivation additionally belong
to the category of ergasiophygophytes. The
differentiation between ergasiophygophytes
and acclimatized ergasiophytes was conducted
based on prior research experience (Shynder,
2019a; Chorna et al., 2021). Invasive plants
were identified following Protopopova &
Shevera (2019). Species naturalized in Ukraine
as a result of earlier introductions but arrived
at the studied area spontaneously (i.e., xeno-
ergasiophytes – Mosyakin & Yavorska, 2002)
were not included in this study.
The nomenclature of species applied during
this research follows POWO (2025) with minor
additions.
Field studies of the vegetation cover
were conducted in 2022–2024. The existing
archival and literature data (i.e., Misnik, 1962;
Nesterenko et al., 2007, 2009, 2010; Iljenko &
Medvedev, 2012; Medvedev & Iljenko, 2015)
were also analyzed.
Results and discussion
History of the establishment and research of
the Dendrological Park “Trostianets”
The foundation of the Dendrological Park
“Trostianets” dates back to 1834, when a
system of ponds was created by deepening
ravines and constructing dams. The central
Figure 1. Map of the Dendrological Park “Trostianets”: 1 – main park area; 2 – nurseries, fields and
residential development.
36 Plant Introduction • 105/106
Shynder et al.
water body, the Great Pond, is approximately
1.3 km long and nearly 100 m wide at the dam.
It divides the park from north to south and
serves as its compositional axis. Two smaller
ponds, Swan Pond and Kutsykha, were later
established nearby.
Around these artificial water bodies,
the first tree plantations were established,
primarily with large saplings of spruce and
poplar. Later, birch, linden, maple, and oak
trees sourced from local forests were planted.
However, only the specimens planted directly
near water survived. These early planting
results encouraged the park’s founder,
Ivan Skoropadskyi, to establish his own
nursery, where large-scale propagation of
both local and exotic plants began.
By the late 19th century, the Dendrological
Park “Trostianets” was actively enriched
with exotic species delivered from Kyiv, the
Nikita Botanical Garden (Crimea), Paris, and
other locations in Ukraine and abroad. Plant
acclimatization became a key activity, and
introduced species were often grafted onto
local rootstocks (Lypa & Stepunin, 1951).
Since 1858, the natural flat terrain of the park
has transformed into a scenic landscape,
with several hills up to 35 meters high being
artificially created (Rubtsov, 1949). In 1886,
the first inventory of the park’s plantations
was conducted, and a topographic plan was
developed. The park covered 170 ha at that
time, with a fully formed landscape, paths,
benches, pavilions, sculptures, and small
architectural structures. It contained 623
species and cultivars of trees, including
161 coniferous and 462 deciduous species
(Kochubey, 1888).
Alongside the park’s formation, protective
forest plantations were created in the open
plains surrounding the park. Various artificial
forest belts were established within 2 km of
the park, denser on the windward side. These
consisted mainly of monospecific stands (e.g.,
pine, birch, spruce, and oak), though mixed
coniferous-deciduous plantations were also
present (Iljenko, 2004).
From the late 19th century to the middle
of the 20th century, the Dendrological Park
“Trostianets” fell into decline. Initially, this
was due to the death of Ivan Skoropadskyi in
1887, followed by a long period of sociopolitical
upheaval and Russian (Soviet) occupation.
From 1918, the park was managed by a local
livestock farm, but in 1938, a decree from
the Council of People’s Commissars of the
Ukrainian SSR allocated the main part of the
park as an independent economic unit under
the Ministry of Agriculture. In 1940, the park
was designated a state reserve, and 30 ha
of arable land was added for nursery and
collection plots (Plevako et al., 1927; Iljenko,
2004; Andriyko & Shulha, 2013).
The decline period negatively affected the
park’s floristic diversity. By 1948, an inventory
revealed only 391 species and cultivars,
including 79 conifers and 312 deciduous trees
in the Dendrological Park “Trostianets” (Lypa
& Stepunin, 1951). However, when the park
was transferred to the Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine in 1951, it became a research
institution focused on plant introduction,
acclimatization, restoration of park landscapes,
and conservation efforts. In 1960, the park was
officially designated a landscape architecture
monument, and in 2003, its plant collection
was declared an object of national heritage of
Ukraine (Andriyko & Shulha, 2013).
Today, Dendrological Park “Trostianets”
holds the status of a mid-19th-century
landscape park-monument. The latest
inventory recorded 880 species and
cultivars, including 110 gymnosperms and
770 angiosperms. Of these, 772 taxa are
ergasiophytes, while 108 are native plants
(Tarabun & Medvedyev, 2021).
In recent decades, studies in the park
have focused on the acclimatization of alien
woody species, their propagation, evaluation
of their economic and ornamental potential,
and their practical use in plantations (Misnik,
1962; Mysnyk, 1969; Iljenko & Medvedev,
2008, 2009, 2011). Some ergasiophytes were
found unsuitable for local conditions (Iljenko,
2004). Additionally, researchers analyzed the
herbaceous vegetation of park meadows and
landscapes, recognizing its role in the park’s
ecosystem (Nesterenko et al., 2007, 2009,
2010).
Modern research focuses on the
naturalization of alien plants in the park’s
plantations, particularly in the context of
biological invasions. In plant acclimatization
centers, invasive alien trees and native
anthropophilic edificators negatively impact
the structure and diversity of historic
plantations, leading to continuous thinning
and reconstruction efforts.
Plant Introduction • 105/106 37
Hemerophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets”
Spontaneous seed reproduction of some
alien ergasiophytes has been recorded in the
Dendrological Park “Trostianets”; particularly
it was registered for 16 coniferous species
(Iljenko & Medvedev, 2012; Medvedev &
Iljenko, 2015). Some species, such as Acer
negundo L. and Parthenocissus inserta
(A.Kern.) Fritsch (former incorrectly applied
name – P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch.), have
expanded beyond the park into adjacent
territories (Iljenko & Medvedev, 2012). Newly
recorded naturalized species in the Chernihiv
Oblast include Clematis vitalba L., Juglans
mandshurica Maxim., and Vitis riparia Michx.
(Moysiyenko et al., 2023), while Ampelopsis
aconitifolia Bunge and Clematis serratifolia
Rehder have been identified as new species for
Ukraine (von Raab-Straube & Raus, 2024).
Structure of acclimatized hemerophytes
As a result of the study, 151 acclimatized and
naturalized hemerophytes were recorded in
the Dendrological Park “Trostianets”, including
72 ergasiophygophytes that have spread
beyond the park’s plantations (Appendix).
Several native species introduced to
the Dendrological Park “Trostianets” were
excluded from the checklist, as they are not
considered hemerophytes, given that the
study area falls within their natural ranges
(e.g., Anemone sylvestris L., Chamaecytisus
ruthenicus (Fisch. ex Woł.) Klásk.). In addition,
an essential forest-forming species, Carpinus
betulus L., is also found in the Park beyond its
natural range (Slobodyan, 1963), but since it is
a native plant in the study region (Left-Bank
Forest-Steppe), it is also not considered as an
object of study. Additionally, four wild-growing
hemerophytes (xeno-ergasiophytes) were
recorded as external intrusions into the Park:
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Malva pusilla Sm.,
Triticum aestivum L., and Veronica persica Poir.
These species were also excluded from the
analysis. The acclimatization of Styphnolobium
japonicum (L.) Schott (= Sophora japonica L.) in
the park was mentioned earlier (Mysnyk, 1969),
but only the winter hardiness of the plant and
the formation of mature seeds, which were
specially sown, were written about. Since
S. japonicum has not been found in a state of
spontaneous growth at the moment, it was
also not included in the checklist.
Thus, the species in the checklist form
a substantial group of plants bridging
cultivated and spontaneous floras. Of the 151
hemerophytes studied, all were acclimatized
ergasiophytes in the Park’s plantations.
From this number, 79 remained in this stage,
whereas 72 species transitioned beyond
cultivation sites, entering the group of
ergasiophygophytes and initiating their path
to naturalization. Experience shows that most
of the highly acclimatized ergasiophytes that
form self-renewal in cultivation sites will be
registered in spontaneous habitats over time.
Meanwhile, ergasiophygophytes (species
that have penetrated the spontaneous flora
within the study area) continue to thrive in
artificial plantations and remain acclimatized
ergasiophytes within them. Previously,
Iljenko & Medvedev (2012) noted the ability
of approximately 80 woody ergasiophytes
in the Park to regenerate naturally. At least
19 of these species are now observed in the
spontaneous flora. Recent trends indicate that
global warming facilitates the acclimatization
of many ergasiophytes originating from
warmer regions (Rakhmetov & Zaimenko,
2022). For instance, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.)
Swingle has been cultivated in the Park for a
long time, but its first recorded self-seeding
occurred only in 2012 (Iljenko & Medvedev,
2012).
Systematically, these hemerophytes
belong to 52 genera within 31 families. Among
higher taxonomic groups, gymnosperms are
represented by 18 species, eudicots by 125
species and subspecies, and monocots by
seven species.
The families exhibiting the most remarkable
propensity for complete acclimatization were
Rosaceae (25 species), Pinaceae (13 species),
Fabaceae (11 species), Caprifoliaceae (nine
species), and Asteraceae (eight species).
The most frequently acclimatized
hemerophytes at the genus level include
Lonicera L. (seven species and hybrids),
Crataegus L. (six species), Acer L.,
Philadelphus L., and Picea A.Dietr. (five species
and infraspecific taxa each). These genera
and families are generally well-represented in
plantations.
Conversely, the systematic diversity of
ergasiophygophytes (as a narrower sample)
was lower – all belonged to angiosperms
(i.e., three monocot and 69 eudicot species).
No gymnosperms have yet been identified
in the spontaneous flora, although many
38 Plant Introduction • 105/106
Shynder et al.
gymnosperm ergasiophytes have achieved
high acclimatization levels in the park (Iljenko
& Medvedev, 2012). Based on spontaneous
flora analyses of various botanical gardens
and dendrological parks in the Forest-Steppe
zone (Boiko, 2023), including naturalized
occurrences of Abies alba Mill., Picea laxa
(Münchh.) Sarg., and Taxus baccata L. in gardens
and parks of the Middle Dnipro natural region
(Shynder et al., 2018a, 2018b; Doiko et al., 2021;
Kovtonyuk, 2021; Kolomiychuk & Shynder,
2021; Boiko, 2023), gradual naturalization
of some conifers in the Dendrological Park
“Trostianets” is anticipated. Notably, the
number of acclimatized gymnosperms in the
park is among the highest recorded in lowland
Ukraine for botanical gardens and parks
(Boiko, 2023).
Among acclimatized ergasiophytes that
remained in cultivation, 67 species exhibited
seed or both seed and vegetative regeneration,
and 12 species relied solely on vegetative
reproduction (e.g., Actinidia kolomikta
(Maxim.) Maxim., Rhus typhina L., Zanthoxylum
americanum Mill., and several Juniperus L. and
Rosa L. species).
In contrast, nearly all ergasiophygophytes
spread via seed dispersal, which enabled
their naturalization. Partial vegetative
reproduction contributed to the expansion
of certain lianas, particularly Parthenocissus
inserta (A.Kern.) Fritsch (Iljenko & Medvedev,
2012). Based on our findings, only Lonicera
caprifolium L. seems to propagate exclusively
through vegetative means. Consequently,
we propose adjusting the introduction
classification system by Kokhno (1983) –
considering vegetatively propagating, stable
ergasiophytes as conditionally acclimatized
ergasiophytes.
Woody plants dominate the acclimatized
hemerophytes, comprising 82.1 % of all species
(Table 1). This reflects the park’s emphasis
on tree species in acclimatization research,
whereas herbaceous plants were out of
primary focus.
The acclimatized hemerophytes exhibit
diverse geographic origins, though nearly
all are from temperate Holarctic regions,
with only a few originating from Central
and South America (e.g., ephemeral Ipomoea
purpurea (L.) Roth) and subtropical Asia and
Mediterranian regions (Ailanthus altissima,
Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy., and
Cercis siliquastrum L.). In general, the
introduced flora of the park is dominated by
ergasiophytes from North America, Asia, and
the regions of the Ancient Sub-Mediterranean.
Notably, the geographical distribution of
ergasiophytophytes is proportionally quite
consistent with the indicators of the entire
group (Table 2).
The predominance of plants of American
origin among acclimatized hemerophytes is
a consequence of similar natural and climatic
conditions in the natural range of such
plants – these are mainly temperate regions
of North America. The massive introduction
and adaptive capacity of alien plants of North
American origin in Ukraine (and Europe
in general), which carries the threat of
phytopollution, is a well-known fact (Burda
& Tokhtar, 1998; Korzhan & Chorhej, 2010;
Nemertsalov et al., 2016). At the same time, the
acclimatization and naturalization of plants
from more southern regions than the study
area (the Mediterranean and various parts
of Asia) is a modern consequence of global
warming (Rakhmetov & Zaimenko, 2022).
A typical example of the impact of changing
Life form
Acclimatized hemerophytes Ergasiophygophytes (spontaneous flora)
number of species % number of species %
Trees 60 39.7 26 36.1
Shrubs 51 33.8 17 23.6
Lianas 13 8.6 10 13.9
Herbs 27 17.9 19 26.4
Total 151 100.0 72 100.0
Table 1. Biomorphological structure of acclimatized and naturalized hemerophytes in the Dendrological
Park “Trostianets”.
Plant Introduction • 105/106 39
Hemerophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets”
natural conditions in the dendrological park
is the wilding of Ailanthus altissima, a plant
of Chinese origin (Iljenko & Medvedev, 2012)
due to a significant extension of the growing
season and an increase in the sum of active
temperatures. Therefore, the current trend
is a gradual increase in the proportion of
acclimatized thermophilic hemerophytes.
Naturalization and invasions of
ergasiophytophytes
A critical objective of this study was assessing
the impact of plant acclimatization on the
spontaneous flora of the Dendrological Park
“Trostianets”. According to the research
results, the spontaneous flora of the park
comprises 423 species and subspecies of
wild plants from 73 families, including 300
native plants (70.9 %) and 123 alien plants
(29.1 %). A more detailed examination of their
diversity will be conducted in a separate
publication. The ergasiophygophyte group
comprises 72 taxa from 49 genera and 30
families, representing 58.5 % of all alien plants
within the spontaneous flora and 17.0 % of
all wild plant species in the Dendrological
Park “Trostianets”. Such a high proportion of
escapees from cultivation is characteristic of
spontaneous floras of botanical gardens and
parks (Shynder, 2019b).
By contrast, the proportion of cultivated
plant escapees in urban floras is usually lower.
For example, within the Kyiv metropolitan
flora, 46.5 % of alien species were identified
as ergasiophygophytes (Mosyakin & Yavorska,
2002).
The group of escapee plants in the
park’s territory results from long-term
acclimatization efforts primarily focused
on introducing and testing woody species,
which now dominate (73.6 %) among
ergasiophygophytes. Among trees, the highest
number of ergasiophygophytes (seven species)
was recorded in the Rosaceae family, as well
as in the genera Juglans L. (four species), and
Acer (three species). Species such as Acer
negundo and Juglans mandshurica (Iljenko &
Medvedev, 2012; Moysiyenko et al., 2023) have
been identified outside the park, in adjacent
shelterbelts and fallow fields. However, the
actual number of these species may be higher.
There are grounds to believe that Celtis
occidentalis L., Crataegus submollis Sarg.,
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Juglans
cinerea L., J. regia L., Morus alba L., Prunus
cerasifera Ehrh., and Tilia platyphyllos Scop.
have also spread from the park plantations
to surrounding areas. However, since most
of these woody ergasiophytes are widely
cultivated, determining their exact source in
spontaneous growth is often difficult.
Among shrubs and lianas, the most
significant number of species belong to the
genus Lonicera (six species) and the families
Caprifoliaceae (six species), and Vitaceae
(five species). Several of these plants have
spread beyond multiple sections of the park
and even beyond its boundaries, including
Parthenocissus vitacea (A.Kern.) Fritsch (Iljenko
& Medvedev, 2012), Ampelopsis aconitifolia,
Clematis serratifolia, C. vitalba, and Vitis
riparia (Moysiyenko et al., 2024; von Raab-
Straube & Raus, 2024). This list demonstrates
that woody lianas are particularly active and
prone to naturalization. Several other widely
cultivated species have also spread beyond the
Table 2. Geographical structure of acclimatized and naturalized hemerophytes in the Dendrological Park
“Trostianets”.
Origin
Acclimatized hemerophytes Ergasiophygophytes (spontaneous flora)
number of species % number of species %
American 52 34.4 26 36.1
Asian 37 24.5 17 23.6
Mediterranean 31 20.6 14 19.4
European 13 8.6 7 9.8
Anthropogenic 11 7.3 6 8.3
Eurasian 7 4.6 2 2.8
Total 151 100.0 72 100.0
40 Plant Introduction • 105/106
Shynder et al.
park’s limits, including Amorpha fruticosa L.,
Cornus sanguinea L. subsp. australis (C.A.Mey.)
Jáv., Ligustrum vulgare L., Lonicera tatarica L.,
and Ptelea trifoliata L.
Among herbaceous plants, 19 species have
been identified as ergasiophygophytes within
the park’s spontaneous flora, having escaped
from ornamental plantings, flower beds, and
other designed compositions. Most of these
herbaceous escapees were initially planted
in the park to enrich understory vegetation
or create decorative compositions (e.g.,
Alkekengi officinarum Moench and Telekia
speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg.). However, others
(including Allium altissimum Regel, Aquilegia
vulgaris L., Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet,
Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Solidago
canadensis L., various Symphyotrichum Nees
species, and Viola hissarica Juz.) originated
from flower beds. A few species, such as
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl
& C.Presl and Medicago sativa L., spread from
grass seed mixtures. Ornamental grasses are
typically an integral part of park plantings
(Sydoruk, 1970; Glukhova et al., 2016a,
2016b), which facilitates their spontaneous
spread and naturalization, particularly in
botanical gardens (Kucherevskiy & Shol,
2011; Kolomiychuk & Shynder, 2021; Shynder,
2019a; Didenko & Shynder, 2023). In botanical
gardens and dendrological parks with
extensive herbaceous plant collections and
active acclimatization programs, the number
of wild herbaceous ergasiophygophytes
can reach several dozen species (Kuzemko
et al., 2011; Chorna et al., 2021). However,
in the Dendrological Park “Trostianets”,
herbaceous plants were out of priority focus
for introduction and acclimatization research,
so their proportion is relatively low.
Among the studied hemerophytes, 16
species belong to the list of highly invasive
plant species of Ukraine (Protopopova &
Shevera, 2019), but only 12 species have
already established wild populations within
the park, with varying degrees of distribution.
Some species, including Ailanthus altissima,
Amelanchier × spicata (Lam.) K.Koch, Fraxinus
ornus L., and Ulmus pumila L., have not yet
spread beyond their primary introduction
sites but have demonstrated a capacity for
seed regeneration, making their spontaneous
expansion across the park highly likely. Among
other invasive perennials, Arrhenatherum
elatius, Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl., and
Solidago canadensis dominate meadow
vegetation and open areas, while Rudbeckia
laciniata L. remains a localized colonizer along
a single riverbank. Woody invasive species,
including Acer negundo, Amorpha fruticosa,
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Prunus serotina
Ehrh., Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern.) Fritsch,
Quercus rubra L., Robinia pseudoacacia L.,
and Salix × fragilis L., are widely distributed
throughout the park, often forming dense
populations that negatively impact tree
plantations. However, this list does not fully
encompass all problematic species within
the park. Several other ergasiophygophytes
with potential invasive tendencies have been
identified, such as Celastrus orbiculatus
Thunb., Clematis vitalba, Lonicera caprifolium,
and Vitis L. species. Future research should
focus on assessing their invasive potential.
Some naturalized invasive and potentially
invasive ergasiophygophytes have also begun
spreading beyond the park boundaries,
although their expansion is limited by the
fact that the surrounding landscape consists
mainly of agricultural land, which hinders
their establishment. However, certain
species benefit from long-distance dispersal
mechanisms, such as bird dispersal (e.g., wild
fruit-bearing plants) or wind dispersal (e.g.,
Clematis L. species). Additionally, some alien
plants, such as Allium L. and Viola L. species,
are dispersed by local residents, which can
facilitate their further naturalization.
It is crucial to note invasively active
hemerophytes native to other regions of
Ukraine. These include Arrhenatherum elatius,
Cornus sanguinea subsp. australis, Ligustrum
vulgare, Sambucus racemosa L., Telekia
speciosa, Tilia platyphyllos subsp. cordifolia
(Besser) C.K.Schneid., and others. Their
naturalization within the park and subsequent
expansion beyond its borders confirm that
highly competitive and ecologically active
species can become invasive when introduced
outside their native range, even within the
same country.
Overall, the observed trends demonstrate a
progressive decline in species numbers along
the introduction–naturalization–invasion
continuum (Richardson et al., 2000). Of the
880 woody ergasiophytes cultivated in the
Dendrological Park “Trostianets” (Tarabun &
Medvedev, 2021), approximately 670 are alien
Plant Introduction • 105/106 41
Hemerophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets”
species. According to preliminary results,
only 124 species and subspecies have reached
high acclimatization levels. However, this
number may be underestimated, as the actual
number of fully acclimatized ergasiophytes is
likely much higher. A long-term systematic
monitoring program is required to document
these processes accurately. Currently, 53
woody ergasiophygophytes have successfully
entered the spontaneous flora, while eight
species have become invasive. The distribution
of these plant groups (Fig. 2) aligns with
ecological principles describing the stepwise
decline in species numbers along naturalization
gradients (Williamson, 1993; Williamson &
Fitter, 1996). The graph also suggests that the
number of acclimatized ergasiophytes in the
park is likely underestimated, emphasizing the
need for further research.
Based on these findings, we predict that
number of ergasiophytes with high degrees
of acclimatization and naturalization will
continue to increase: (1) newly introduced
ergasiophytes will achieve high acclimatization
levels, forming self-sustaining populations;
(2) currently acclimatized ergasiophytes
will gradually disperse beyond their original
planting sites due to seed bank accumulation;
(3) ergasiophygophytes will undergo further
naturalization; (4) with some of the most
ecologically active species exhibiting invasive
tendencies.
This process is usually expected to be
gradual, reflecting long-term adaptation
and stepwise expansion. However, climate
aridization trends will likely accelerate these
processes, particularly for hemerophytes
from warmer regions. Conversely, certain
gymnosperms from boreal climates may
struggle to naturalize under changing
climatic conditions in the Dendrological Park
“Trostianets”.
A significant proportion of
ergasiophygophytes in the Dendrological Park
“Trostianets” is typical for the spontaneous
floras in botanical gardens and parks across
Ukraine. Many of these species thrive
in forested and humid areas, including
Alcea rosea L., Berberis aquifolium Pursh,
Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz., Lonicera
tatarica, Lupinus polyphyllus, Morus alba,
and Quercus rubra (Gavrylenko et al., 2008;
Kucherevskiy & Shol, 2011; Kuzemko et al.,
2011; Protopopova & Shevera, 2014; Galkin &
Doiko, 2015; Shynder, 2019a; Kucher et al.,
2023). However, a considerable proportion of
Figure 2. Distribution of hemerophytes in the Dendrological Park “Trostianets” regarding acclimatization
and naturalization degrees.
42 Plant Introduction • 105/106
Shynder et al.
the spontaneous flora in the Dendrological
Park “Trostianets” consists of relatively
rare ergasiophygophytes, such as Corylus
colurna L., Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K.Koch,
Lonicera caprifolium, L. ruprechtiana Regel,
Philadelphus coronarius L., and Phytolacca
acinosa Roxb. These species have been
recorded in only a few locations in Ukraine
(Shynder, 2019a, 2022; Shynder et al., 2020;
Mosyakin & Mosyakin, 2021; Koniakin & Gubar,
2022; Moysiyenko et al., 2024; Chorna, 2020).
Additionally, due to the park’s high taxonomic
richness, some escapee species have only been
recorded in isolated locations from Ukraine,
including Allium altissimum, Lonicera maackii
(Rupr.) Maxim., Menispermum dauricum
DC., Philadelphus pubescens Loisel., and
Vitis amurensis Rupr. (Galkin & Doiko, 2015;
Shynder, 2019a; Chorna et al., 2021; Orlov et al.,
2022; Shynder et al., 2024).
Notably, many acclimatized woody
ergasiophytes (including Ampelopsis
glandulosa, Diervilla lonicera Mill., Picea laxa,
Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Poir.) Spach, Sorbaria
kirilowii (Regel) Maxim., Tilia americana L.
var. neglecta (Spach) Fosberg, Zanthoxylum
americanum, and others) represented in the
Dendrological Park “Trostianets” are rare even
in scientific collections across Ukraine. The
successful acclimatization and naturalization
of these underrepresented species highlight
the unique value of Dendrological Park
“Trostianets” as a long-term research center
for plant introduction and conservation in the
Left-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine.
Conclusions
Thus, a general overview of the history of the
establishment and research of the plantations
in the Dendrological Park “Trostianets” has
been provided. Today, the Dendrological Park
“Trostianets” is one of the largest botanical
institutions specializing in acclimating
ergasiophytes in Left-Bank Ukraine. As a result
of the study, 151 acclimatized ergasiophytes
were identified within the park’s territory.
Among them, 79 species reproduce locally
only within the sites where they were initially
planted, while 72 species have transitioned
into ergasiophygophytes, initiating the
naturalization process. The most successful
acclimatization was observed among species
from the Rosaceae, Pinaceae, Fabaceae,
Caprifoliaceae, and Asteraceae families.
Most ergasiophygophytes (73.6 %) are woody
plants, which aligns with the overall focus
of the park on tree cultivation. The current
trend is a gradual increase in the proportion
of acclimatized plants originating from more
southern regions compared to the location of
the study area, primarily the Mediterranean
and Asian regions. A total of 16 invasive species
were identified, 12 of which have already
established wild populations, while some (e.g.,
Ailanthus altissima) demonstrate potential
invasive activity. Further monitoring is
required to track new stages of naturalization,
assess the impact of climate change on
acclimatization processes, and control the
spread of potentially hazardous invasive
species.
Acknowledgements
The authors express their sincere gratitude
to the corresponding member of the National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor
of Biological Sciences, Professor Natalia
Zaimenko (M.M. Gryshko National Botanical
Garden, National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine), for her guidance and inspiration in
conducting this study.
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Appendix. Annotated checklist of acclimatized and naturalized hemerophytes in the State Dendrological
Park “Trostianets” of the NAS of Ukraine.
Designations:
Cult. – exclusively cultivated plant (ergasiophyte).
accl. – acclimatization degree:
high. – highly acclimatized;
cond. high. (veg.) – conditionally high (vegetative self-regeneration).
Spont. – spontaneously spreading plant, a culture escape (ergasiophygophyte).
Orig. – geographical origin of the hemerophyte:
Am – America;
As – Asia;
Euras – Eurasia;
Euro – Europe;
EuroMed – Euro–Mediterranean;
Med – Mediterranean;
antr. – anthropogenic origin.
underlined names – highly invasive species of Ukrainian flora following Protopopova & Shevera (2019).
Gymnospermae
Cupressaceae
1. Juniperus pseudosabina Fisch. & C.A.Mey. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: As
2. Juniperus sabina L. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: Med
3. Thuja occidentalis L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
4. Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
Pinaceae
5. Abies alba Mill. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Euro
6. Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
7. Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
8. Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Med
9. Larix decidua Mill. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Euro
10. Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. . – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Euro
11. Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
12. Picea laxa (Münchh.) Sarg.(= P. canadensis (Mill.) Britton). – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
13. Picea obovata Ledeb. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Euras
14. Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Med
15. Pinus peuce Griseb. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Med
16. Pinus strobus L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
17. Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
Taxaceae
18. Taxus baccata L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: EuroMed
Angiospermae
Monocots
Amaryllidaceae
19. Allium altissimum Regel. – Spont. – Orig.: As
20. Allium cristophii Trautv. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
21. Allium rosenorum R.M.Fritsch. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
Plant Introduction • 105/106 47
Hemerophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets”
Asparagaceae
22. Ornithogalum umbellatum L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Euro
Iridaceae
23. Iris × germanica L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Euro
Liliaceae
24. Tulipa × hybrida hort. – Spont. – Orig.: antr.
Poaceae
25. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl. – Spont. – Orig.: EuroMed
Eudicots
Actinidiaceae
26. Actinidia kolomikta (Maxim.) Maxim. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: As
Anacardiaceae
27. Cotinus coggygria Scop. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Med
28. Rhus typhina L. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: Am
29. Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
Asteraceae
30. Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra (Dunal) Fernald (= H. scabra Dunal). – Spont. – Orig.: Am
31. Petasites hybridus (L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: EuroMed
32. Rudbeckia hirta L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
33. Rudbeckia laciniata L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
34. Solidago canadensis L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
35. Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
36. Symphyotrichum × versicolor (Willd.) G.L.Nesom. – Spont. – Orig.: antr.
37. Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. – Spont. – Orig.: Med
Berberidaceae
38. Berberis aquifolium Pursh. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
Betulaceae
39. Corylus colurna L. – Spont. – Orig.: Med
Bignoniaceae
40. Catalpa bignonioides Walter. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
41. Catalpa × erubescens Carrière. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: antr.
Boraginaceae
42. Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm. – Spont. – Orig.: Euras
Cannabaceae
43. Celtis occidentalis L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
Caprifoliaceae
44. Diervilla lonicera Mill. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
45. Lonicera caprifolium L. – Spont. – Orig.: Med
46. Lonicera caucasica Pall. – Spont. – Orig.: As
47. Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. – Spont. – Orig.: As
48. Lonicera × notha Zabel. – Spont. – Orig.: antr.
49. Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel. – Spont. – Orig.: As
50. Lonicera tatarica L. – Spont. – Orig.: Euras
51. Lonicera xylosteum L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Euras
52. Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F.Blake. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: Am
Celastraceae
53. Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. – Spont. – Orig.: As
48 Plant Introduction • 105/106
Shynder et al.
Convolvulaceae
54. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
Cornaceae
55. Cornus sanguinea L. subsp. australis (C.A.Mey.) Jáv. (= Swida australis (C.A.Mey.) Pojark. ex Grossh.). – Spont. –
Orig.: Med
Fabaceae
56. Amorpha fruticosa L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
57. Caragana arborescens Lam. – Spont. – Orig.: As
58. Cercis siliquastrum L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Med
59. Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.Cours.) Rudd. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
60. Colutea arborescens L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Med
61. Gleditsia triacanthos L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
62. Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K.Koch. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
63. Laburnum anagyroides Medik. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Med
64. Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
65. Medicago sativa L. – Spont. – Orig.: Med
66. Robinia pseudoacacia L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
Fagaceae
67. Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Med
68. Quercus rubra L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
Grossulariaceae
69. Ribes alpinum L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: EuroMed
70. Ribes oxyacanthoides L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
Hydrangeaceae
71. Deutzia × hybrida hort. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: antr.
72. Hydrangea arborescens L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
73. Philadelphus coronarius L. – Spont. – Orig.: Med
74. Philadelphus coronarius × Philadelphus sp. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Med
75. Philadelphus × hybrida hort. – Spont. – Orig.: antr.
76. Philadelphus × nivalis Jacques. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: antr.
77. Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
Juglandaceae
78. Juglans cinerea L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
79. Juglans mandshurica Maxim. – Spont. – Orig.: As
80. Juglans nigra L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
81. Juglans regia L. – Spont. – Orig.: Med
82. Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Poir.) Spach (= P. pterocarpa (Michx.) Delchev.). – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Med
Magnoliaceae
83. Liriodendron tulipifera L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
Malvaceae
84. Alcea rosea L. – Spont. – Orig.: Med
85. Tilia americana L. var. neglecta (Spach) Fosberg. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
86. Tilia × europaea L. – Spont. – Orig.: Euro
87. Tilia platyphyllos Scop. subsp. cordifolia (Besser) C.K.Schneid. – Spont. – Orig.: Euro
Menispermaceae
88. Menispermum dauricum DC. – Spont. – Orig.: As
Moraceae
89. Morus alba L. – Spont. – Orig.: As
Oleaceae
90. Forsythia × intermedia Zabel. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: antr.
91. Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: As
Plant Introduction • 105/106 49
Hemerophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets”
92. Fraxinus ornus L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Med
93. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
94. Ligustrum vulgare L. – Spont. – Orig.: Med
95. Syringa vulgaris L. – Spont. – Orig.: Med
Paeoniaceae
96. Paeonia lactiflora Pall. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
Phyllanthaceae
97. Flueggea suffruticosa (Pall.) Baill. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: As
Phytolaccaceae
98. Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. – Spont. – Orig.: As
Polemoniaceae
99. Phlox paniculata L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
Ranunculaceae
100. Aquilegia vulgaris L. – Spont. – Orig.: Euro
101. Clematis serratifolia Rehder. – Spont. – Orig.: As
102. Clematis vitalba L. – Spont. – Orig.: Med
Rosaceae
103. Amelanchier × spicata (Lam.) K.Koch. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: antr.
104. Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
105. Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz. (= C. lucidus Schltdl.). – Spont. – Orig.: As
106. Crataegus crus-galli L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
107. Crataegus horrida Medik. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
108. Crataegus macracantha (Lindl.) Lodd. ex Loudon. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
109. Crataegus meyeri Pojark. (= C. ucrainica Pojark.). – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: EuroMed
110. Crataegus sanguinea Pall. – Spont. – Orig.: Med
111. Crataegus submollis Sarg. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
112. Hedlundia hybrida (L.) Sennikov & Kurtto. – Spont. – Orig.: Euro
113. Karpatiosorbus latifolia (Lam.) Sennikov & Kurtto s. l. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Euro
114. Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh. – Spont. – Orig.: antr.
115. Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
116. Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. – Spont. – Orig.: As
117. Prunus serotina Ehrh. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
118. Rosa acicularis Lindl. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: Euras
119. Rosa spinosissima L. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: Euras
120. Rubus odoratus L. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: Am
121. Scandosorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Sennikov. – Spont. – Orig.: Euro
122. Sorbaria kirilowii (Regel) Maxim. var. arborea (C.K.Schneid.) J.H.Song & S.P.Hong (= S. arborea C.K.Schneid.). –
Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
123. Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A.Braun. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
124. Spiraea chamaedryfolia L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Euras
125. Spiraea japonica L.f. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
126. Spiraea salicifolia L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
127. Spiraea sargentiana Rehder. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
Rutaceae
128. Phellodendron amurense Rupr. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
129. Ptelea trifoliata L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
130. Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. – Cult., accl.: cond. high. (veg.). – Orig.: Am
Salicaceae
131. Salix × fragilis L. (= S. alba L. × S. euxina I.V.Belyaeva). – Spont. – Orig.: antr.
132. Salix purpurea L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: EuroMed
Sapindaceae
133. Acer negundo L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
134. Acer pseudoplatanus L. – Spont. – Orig.: Euro
135. Acer saccharinum L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
50 Plant Introduction • 105/106
Shynder et al.
Гемерофіти Державного дендрологічного парку “Тростянець” НАН України
(Чернігівська область, Україна): історія формування насаджень, сучасний стан
акліматизації та натуралізації, поширення інвазійних рослин
Олександр Шиндер 1, *, Марина Тарабун 2, **, Віталій Коломійчук 3
1 Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Садово-Ботанічна, 1, Київ,
01103, Україна; * shinderoleksandr@gmail.com
2 Державний дендрологічний парк “Тростянець” НАН України, вул. Скоропадського, 1, Тростянець,
Чернігівська обл., 16742, Україна; ** marina.tarabun@gmail.com
3 Ботанічний сад імені академіка О.В. Фоміна Київського національного університету імені Тараса
Шевченка, вул. Симона Петлюри, 1, Київ, 01032, Україна
У роботі проаналізовано процеси акліматизації та натуралізації гемерофітів у Державному
дендрологічному парку “Тростянець” НАН України (Чернігівська область). Дослідження спрямовані
на систематичну та екологічну оцінку 151 акліматизованих інтродуцентів, які використовувалися
для культивування у насадженнях парку. За результатами дослідження було встановлено, що 72
ергазіофігофітів поширилися за межі культури та активно натуралізуються в спонтанній флорі
парку, тоді як 79 ергазіофітів залишаються рости лише в насадженнях. Завдяки натуралізації у
спонтанній флорі на території парку серед 123 дикорослих адвентивних видів рослин більшість
(58,5 %) становлять ергазіофігофіти, а серед останніх переважають деревні рослини (73,6 %).
Систематичний склад натуралізованих видів свідчить про домінування дводольних (125 видів), і
невелику участь акліматизованих голонасінних (18 видів) і однодольних (7 видів) рослин. Деревні
рослини, у тому числі дерева, кущі та ліани (разом 82,1 %), демонструють найвищий потенціал для
136. Acer tataricum L. subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
137. Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii (Regel & Herder) A.E.Murray. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
138. Aesculus flava Sol. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
139. Aesculus hippocastanum L. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
Simaroubaceae
140. Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
Solanaceae
141. Alkekengi officinarum Moench. – Spont. – Orig.: EuroMed
Ulmaceae
142. Ulmus pumila L. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
Viburnaceae
143. Sambucus racemosa L. – Spont. – Orig.: Euro
Violaceae
144. Viola hissarica Juz. (~ V. prionantha Bunge s. l.). – Spont. – Orig.: As
145. Viola sororia Willd. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: Am
Vitaceae
146. Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bunge. – Spont. – Orig.: As
147. Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Momiy. – Cult., accl.: high. – Orig.: As
148. Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern.) Fritsch. – Spont. – Orig.: Am
149. Vitis amurensis Rupr. – Spont. – Orig.: As
150. Vitis riparia Michx. . – Spont. – Orig.: Am
151. Vitis vinifera L. – Spont. – Orig.: As
Plant Introduction • 105/106 51
Hemerophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets”
стійкої акліматизації та подальшої натуралізації за межі культурних насаджень. За географічним
походженням найбільша кількість акліматизованих гемерофітів походить із Північної Америки
(34,4 %), Азії (24,5 %) і Давнього Середземномор’я (20,6 %). На території парку виявлено 16 інвазивних
видів рослин, 12 з яких поширені спонтанно, а решта – культивуються у насадженнях. Серед них
активно розповсюджуються, утворюючи численні популяції в межах парку та за його межами
наступні: Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Parthenocissus inserta, Quercus rubra та Robinia pseudoacacia.
Потенційно інвазивні таксони, такі як Ailanthus altissima, також демонструють здатність створювати
самопідтримувані популяції. Поширення деяких видів, зокрема деревних ліан Clematis vitalba та
Vitis riparia, свідчить про їх потенційно високу інвазійну здатність, зокрема щодо трансформації
насаджень парку.
Ключові слова: чужорідні рослини, інвентаризація, натуралізація, спонтанна флора, інтродукція рослин, історичні парки
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| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1654 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-28T04:16:15Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/f1/e500be1aa0d92e6a235c7874e7ca7af1.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-16542025-07-27T21:03:35Z Hemerophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets” of the NAS of Ukraine (Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine): history of plantation formation, current state of acclimatization and naturalization, and distribution of invasive plants Гемерофіти Державного дендрологічного парку “Тростянець” НАН України (Чернігівська область, Україна): історія формування насаджень, сучасний стан акліматизації та натуралізації, поширення інвазійних рослин Shynder, Oleksandr Tarabun, Maryna Kolomiychuk, Vitaliy This study analyzes the acclimatization and naturalization processes of hemerophytes in the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine). The research focuses on the systematic and ecological assessment of 151 alien plant species that were introduced to the park for cultivation. The study reveals that 72 species have escaped from the cultivation area and are actively naturalizing within the park’s spontaneous flora, while 79 species remain within managed plantations. Due to active naturalization, in the spontaneous flora on the park’s territory, among 123 wild alien plants, the majority (58.5 %) are ergasiophygophytes. Among ergasiophygophytes, woody plants predominate (73.6 %).The systematic composition of naturalized species indicates dominance of eudicots (125 species), followed by gymnosperms (18 species) and monocots (seven species). Woody plants, including trees, shrubs, and lianas (the total share is 82.1 %) demonstrate the highest potential for long-term acclimatization and further expansion beyond cultivated areas. By geographical origin, the largest number of acclimatized hemerophytes originates from North America (34.4 %), Asia (24.5 %), and the regions of the Ancient Mediterranean (20.6 %). The research highlights 16 invasive species, with 12 already forming spontaneous populations in the park. Among them, Acer negundo, Parthenocissus inserta, Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus rubra, and Fraxinus pennsylvanica are actively spreading, forming dense populations within and beyond the park boundaries. Potentially invasive taxa, such as Ailanthus altissima, also demonstrate the ability to establish self-sustaining populations. The spread of certain species, particularly woody lianas like Clematis vitalba and Vitis riparia, suggests a high potential for ecological transformation of local habitats. У роботі проаналізовано процеси акліматизації та натуралізації гемерофітів у Державному дендрологічному парку “Тростянець” НАН України (Чернігівська область). Дослідження спрямовані на систематичну та екологічну оцінку 151 акліматизованих інтродуцентів, які використовувалися для культивування у насадженнях парку. За результатами дослідження було встановлено, що 72 ергазіофігофітів поширилися за межі культури та активно натуралізуються в спонтанній флорі парку, тоді як 79 ергазіофітів залишаються рости лише в насадженнях. Завдяки натуралізації у спонтанній флорі на території парку серед 123 дикорослих адвентивних видів рослин більшість (58,5 %) становлять ергазіофігофіти, а серед останніх переважають деревні рослини (73,6 %).Систематичний склад натуралізованих видів свідчить про домінування дводольних (125 видів), і невелику участь акліматизованих голонасінних (18 видів) і однодольних (7 видів) рослин. Деревні рослини, у тому числі дерева, кущі та ліани (разом 82,1 %), демонструють найвищий потенціал для стійкої акліматизації та подальшої натуралізації за межі культурних насаджень. За географічним походженням найбільша кількість акліматизованих гемерофітів походить із Північної Америки (34,4 %), Азії (24,5 %) і Давнього Середземномор’я (20,6 %). На території парку виявлено 16 інвазивних видів рослин, 12 з яких поширені спонтанно, а решта – культивуються у насадженнях. Серед них активно розповсюджуються, утворюючи численні популяції в межах парку та за його межами наступні: Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Parthenocissus inserta, Quercus rubra та Robinia pseudoacacia. Потенційно інвазивні таксони, такі як Ailanthus altissima, також демонструють здатність створювати самопідтримувані популяції. Поширення деяких видів, зокрема деревних ліан Clematis vitalba та Vitis riparia, свідчить про їх потенційно високу інвазійну здатність, зокрема щодо трансформації насаджень парку. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2025-04-22 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1654 10.46341/PI2025004 Plant Introduction; No 105/106 (2025); 33-51 Інтродукція Рослин; № 105/106 (2025); 33-51 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI105-106 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1654/1564 Copyright (c) 2025 Oleksandr Shynder, Maryna Tarabun, Vitaliy Kolomiychuk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Shynder, Oleksandr Tarabun, Maryna Kolomiychuk, Vitaliy Гемерофіти Державного дендрологічного парку “Тростянець” НАН України (Чернігівська область, Україна): історія формування насаджень, сучасний стан акліматизації та натуралізації, поширення інвазійних рослин |
| title | Гемерофіти Державного дендрологічного парку “Тростянець” НАН України (Чернігівська область, Україна): історія формування насаджень, сучасний стан акліматизації та натуралізації, поширення інвазійних рослин |
| title_alt | Hemerophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Trostianets” of the NAS of Ukraine (Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine): history of plantation formation, current state of acclimatization and naturalization, and distribution of invasive plants |
| title_full | Гемерофіти Державного дендрологічного парку “Тростянець” НАН України (Чернігівська область, Україна): історія формування насаджень, сучасний стан акліматизації та натуралізації, поширення інвазійних рослин |
| title_fullStr | Гемерофіти Державного дендрологічного парку “Тростянець” НАН України (Чернігівська область, Україна): історія формування насаджень, сучасний стан акліматизації та натуралізації, поширення інвазійних рослин |
| title_full_unstemmed | Гемерофіти Державного дендрологічного парку “Тростянець” НАН України (Чернігівська область, Україна): історія формування насаджень, сучасний стан акліматизації та натуралізації, поширення інвазійних рослин |
| title_short | Гемерофіти Державного дендрологічного парку “Тростянець” НАН України (Чернігівська область, Україна): історія формування насаджень, сучасний стан акліматизації та натуралізації, поширення інвазійних рослин |
| title_sort | гемерофіти державного дендрологічного парку “тростянець” нан україни (чернігівська область, україна): історія формування насаджень, сучасний стан акліматизації та натуралізації, поширення інвазійних рослин |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1654 |
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