Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: провідний науково-освітній центр з інтродукції, збереження та раціонального використання фітогенетичних ресурсів для сталого розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення України
The paper highlights the role of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG) as a leading scientific and educational center for plant introduction, conservation, and rational use of phytogenetic resources, a role of primary importance for Ukraine’...
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
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| author | Zaimenko, Nataliia Rakhmetov, Dzhamal Gaponenko, Mykola Shumyk, Mykola Bondarchuk, Oleksandr |
| author_facet | Zaimenko, Nataliia Rakhmetov, Dzhamal Gaponenko, Mykola Shumyk, Mykola Bondarchuk, Oleksandr |
| author_sort | Zaimenko, Nataliia |
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| datestamp_date | 2026-01-30T22:58:40Z |
| description | The paper highlights the role of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG) as a leading scientific and educational center for plant introduction, conservation, and rational use of phytogenetic resources, a role of primary importance for Ukraine’s sustainable development and post-war recovery. The historical formation of the institution and its contribution to the advancement of botanical science are outlined, particularly in the fields of plant introduction and acclimatization, dendrology, breeding, genetics, biotechnology, phytoenergetics, allelopathy, bioindication, and biodiversity conservation.The main directions of the NBG’s scientific research are presented. Particular attention is paid to the activities of scientific schools established within the NBG that have made significant contributions to the development of introduction, breeding, allelopathy, and biodiversity conservation. Scientific objects of the NBG holding the status of National Heritage of Ukraine are characterized, including: collections of tropical and subtropical plants, collections of floral and ornamental plants, monocultural gardens, and the collection fund of energy and aromatic plants. Their significance as genetic resources for breeding, scientific research, and environmental education is emphasized.The results of fundamental and applied research, international projects, and programs of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are provided. It is demonstrated that the NBG is one of the largest centers for the conservation of rare species of Ukrainian flora, where the scientific foundations for ex situ biodiversity conservation, modeling of introduction populations, and optimization of protection measures have been developed. Criteria for increasing plant adaptability to climate change and stress factors have been established, and new models for resistance research and approaches to increasing plant productivity have been developed.The strategic importance of the NBG as a center of science, education, and innovation is emphasized, ensuring the integration of fundamental research, applied development, and public outreach, thereby creating the conditions for ecological security, agricultural development, bioenergetics, and the strengthening of environmental consciousness within society. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2025020 |
| first_indexed | 2026-02-08T08:11:58Z |
| format | Article |
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© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
Plant Introduction, 108, 3–16 (2025) ISSN 1605-6574, e-ISSN 2663-290X
CHRONICLE
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: a leading
scientific and educational center for the introduction, conservation and
rational use of phytogenetic resources for the sustainable development
and post-war recovery of Ukraine
Nataliia Zaimenko *, Dzhamal Rakhmetov, Mykola Gaponenko, Mykola Shumyk,
Oleksandr Bondarchuk
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01103 Kyiv, Ukraine;
* zaimenkonv@ukr.net
Received: 28.11.2025 | Accepted: 26.12.2025 | Published: 27.12.2025
Abstract
The paper highlights the role of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine (NBG) as a leading scientific and educational center for plant introduction, conservation,
and rational use of phytogenetic resources, a role of primary importance for Ukraine’s sustainable
development and post-war recovery. The historical formation of the institution and its contribution to
the advancement of botanical science are outlined, particularly in the fields of plant introduction and
acclimatization, dendrology, breeding, genetics, biotechnology, phytoenergetics, allelopathy, bioindication,
and biodiversity conservation.
The main directions of the NBG’s scientific research are presented. Particular attention is paid to the
activities of scientific schools established within the NBG that have made significant contributions to the
development of introduction, breeding, allelopathy, and biodiversity conservation. Scientific objects of
the NBG holding the status of National Heritage of Ukraine are characterized, including: collections of
tropical and subtropical plants, collections of floral and ornamental plants, monocultural gardens, and
the collection fund of energy and aromatic plants. Their significance as genetic resources for breeding,
scientific research, and environmental education is emphasized.
The results of fundamental and applied research, international projects, and programs of the National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are provided. It is demonstrated that the NBG is one of the largest
centers for the conservation of rare species of Ukrainian flora, where the scientific foundations for ex situ
biodiversity conservation, modeling of introduction populations, and optimization of protection measures
have been developed. Criteria for increasing plant adaptability to climate change and stress factors have
been established, and new models for resistance research and approaches to increasing plant productivity
have been developed.
The strategic importance of the NBG as a center of science, education, and innovation is emphasized,
ensuring the integration of fundamental research, applied development, and public outreach, thereby
creating the conditions for ecological security, agricultural development, bioenergetics, and the
strengthening of environmental consciousness within society.
Keywords: M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine, fundamental research, applied research, botanical
collections, scientific schools, innovation center, national heritage
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2025020
UDC 712.253:58:[069.029]:061.62
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-1223
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7260-3263
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-1065
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6537-8536
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6367-9063
4 Plant Introduction • 108
Zaimenko et al.
Historically, the Academic Botanical Garden
was formed as Ukraine’s leading scientific
institution, conducting comprehensive
research into the introduction and
acclimatization of plants, dendrology, and park
science. It focuses on the conservation of the
gene pool of rare and endangered plant species,
as well as the breeding and genetics of floral-
ornamental, fruit, energy-resource, vegetable,
aromatic, and industrial crops. The institution’s
scope further encompasses medical botany,
phytoenergetics, the biotechnology of
tropical, subtropical, and energy-resource
plants, allelopathy, bioindication, and the
environmental monitoring of pollution.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of
the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
(NBG) has been implementing a long-term
strategy to integrate its research into the
global scientific community, aiming to secure
leading positions in biological sciences within
its specialized fields.
In accordance with the Main Scientific
Directions and the Key Problems of
Fundamental Research in the Fields of Natural,
Technical, and Humanities Sciences of the
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for
2024–2028, and with the aim of ensuring a high
level of scientific research and its orientation
toward solving contemporary problems of
science and technology, the NBG conducts
research in the following main directions:
• biodiversity research aimed at its
protection, conservation, restoration,
and rational use;
• epigenetic, molecular, cellular, and
physiological mechanisms of biological
system functioning processes and their
regulation;
• biotechnologies and
nanobiotechnologies;
• conservation and reproduction of the
gene pool of cultivated plants and their
wild relatives.
Within the framework of the Research
Program of the Department of General
Biology of the National Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine, in accordance with the above-
mentioned main scientific directions and key
problems of fundamental research in the fields
of natural, technical, and humanities sciences
of the NAS of Ukraine, the NBG carries out
scientific research in the following areas:
• plant introduction, acclimatization, and
breeding;
• phytomonitoring and biodiversity
conservation;
• structural and functional foundations
of the formation of natural and artificial
biogeocenoses;
• ecological and biological principles
of landscape design and landscape
gardening construction.
The NBG addresses scientific issues in the
fields of plant physiology and biochemistry;
allelopathy (chemical interaction of plants);
plant biotechnologies; medical botany
and biosafety; integrated use of medicinal,
aromatic, food, and bioenergy plants;
bioindication and chemosystematics;
renewable phytoenergy; and environmental
education and outreach activities.
For the NBG, scientific and scientific-
technical activities are the core areas of
operation. It serves as a national center for
the organization of environmental education
and public awareness, aimed at shaping
environmental consciousness and engaging
citizens in the conservation of natural heritage.
For this purpose, the NBG utilizes living plant
collections, creates specialized exhibitions,
establishes ecological trails, publishes popular
science literature, maintains an official
website, organizes lectures and seminars, and
conducts public outreach through print media,
radio, and television.
The NBG functions as a base for education
and practical training of students from
higher education institutions, technical
colleges, lyceums, vocational schools, and
general schools, as well as participants in
advanced training courses and their staff. The
mission of the NBG in the field of education
Authors’ contributions: Nataliia Zaimenko – conceptualization. Nataliia Zaimenko, Dzhamal Rakhmetov, Mykola Gaponenko, Mykola
Shumyk, Oleksandr Bondarchuk – writing – original draft and writing – review & editing.
Funding: None.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Plant Introduction • 108 5
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden: a leading scientific and educational center
is to make a substantial contribution to the
development of Ukrainian society through
the creation, formation, and dissemination of
modern knowledge based on the integration
of education and science, guided by the
principles of creativity, academic integrity,
and academic freedom. The NBG ensures
comprehensive access to knowledge about
plants, their diversity, and their interactions
with the environment, and focuses on the
training of highly qualified specialists in botany
who are capable of being at the forefront of the
development of modern biological science. The
strategy of the NBG is aimed at strengthening
the leading role of the institution in the field
of biological sciences within the educational
space of Ukraine and worldwide, as well
as at enhancing the social responsibility of
scientists in the face of contemporary global
challenges.
A number of well-established scientific
schools have been formed and are successfully
operating at the NBG. They play a significant
role in the development of biological sciences,
the training of highly qualified personnel, the
implementation of innovative technologies,
and the popularization of scientific knowledge.
Their activities encompass fundamental and
applied research of substantial importance
for biological science, the agricultural sector,
environmental protection, biotechnology, and
sustainable development.
The scientific school “Introduction and
Breeding of Food, Forage, and Flower-
Ornamental Plants”, founded by Academician
Mykola Gryshko in 1950, is one of the oldest
and most productive. Over the period of
its existence, 16 Doctors of Sciences and
57 Candidates of Sciences (equal to PhD)
have been trained. The main research areas
include plant introduction, acclimatization,
and breeding. Between 1958 and 2024, more
than 450 cultivars were developed, 184 of
which were created during the last five years
alone. A total of 35 modern phytotechnologies
were developed, as well as technological
regulations for the production of high-vitamin
food products, protein feeds, medicinal
products, and alternative fuels. The theoretical
foundations of plant introduction were
expanded by the concept of biomorphological
potential, as well as by the principles of
creation and conservation of ornamental plant
collections. Cultivars bred at the NBG are on
par with the world’s leading analogs in terms
of productivity and resilience.
The scientific school “Chemical
Interaction of Plants (Allelopathy)”, founded
by Academician Andrii Grodzinsky in 1965,
established a strong scientific tradition in
the field of plant chemical ecology. Within
this school, seven Doctors of Sciences and
53 Candidates of Sciences (equal to PhD)
were trained. Allelopathy as a scientific field
emerged at the intersection of geobotany and
plant physiology and was comprehensively
developed through the theoretical legacy
of Andrii Grodzinsky. His research covered
the definition of the essence of allelopathy,
the description of 15 ecological mechanisms
of plant interactions in biogeocenoses and
agrophytocenoses, and the study of the role
of allelopathically active substances in the
mobilization of plant defense functions and the
maintenance of soil fertility. Followers of the
school continued these studies, elucidating the
role of silicic acids, brassinosteroids, chemical
elements, and sugars in the structural and
functional organization of biogeocenoses.
The scientific school “Biodiversity
Conservation”, founded by Corresponding
Member of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine Tetiana Cherevchenko in 1985, focuses
on the study, conservation, and enrichment of
plant diversity. Within this school, five Doctors
of Sciences and 37 Candidates of Sciences
(equal to PhD) have been trained. The NBG has
assembled over 17.2 thousand species, forms,
and cultivars of plants from around the world,
including approximately 4 thousand tropical
and subtropical taxa. These collections
(including flower-ornamental plants,
monoculture gardens, energy and aromatic
species) are recognized as National Heritage of
Ukraine. Representatives of the school laid the
foundations for integrated ex situ conservation
of tropical plants, ranging from the study of
their ecological and coenotic characteristics
to the development of methods of mass
propagation and the creation of exhibitions
informing the public about global flora and
the need for its conservation. On the basis of
these plants, phytoremediation modules have
been developed for the optimization of spaces
with various functional purposes.
The NBG includes three objects that are
designated as the National Heritage of Ukraine:
“Collections of Tropical and Subtropical
6 Plant Introduction • 108
Zaimenko et al.
Plants”, “Collections of Flower-Ornamental
Plants and Monoculture Gardens”, and the
“Collection Fund of Energy and Aromatic
Plants” (Rakhmetov, 2019).
The Collections of Tropical and Subtropical
Plants (approximately 4,000 taxa) are housed
in greenhouses with a total area exceeding
5,000 square meters. One of the largest is the
collection of tropical orchids, which comprises
about 450 species and forms belonging to 160
genera. Particularly unique are the collections
of tropical aroids, cultivars of Indian azalea
(Rhododendron indicum (L.) Sweet) and
Japanese camellia (Camellia japonica L.),
as well as bulbous and short-rhizomatous
geophytes, specimens of which were collected
in their natural habitats. Based on these core
collections, theoretical foundations for the
integrated ex situ conservation of tropical
plant biodiversity are being developed, along
with the practical implementation of measures
aimed at preserving the gene pool of tropical-
origin flora under greenhouse cultivation
conditions.
The Collections of Flower-Ornamental
Plants and Monoculture Gardens include the
“Rose Garden,” “Lilac Garden,” and “Peony
Collection” (Rakhmetov, 2019).
The “Rose Garden” is a unique urban
ecosystem, combining an architectural
ensemble created by the prominent architects
Olexandr Vlasov and Mykola Kholostenko
with the largest rose collection in Ukraine,
representing global trends in plant gene pool
conservation. It is a large park composition
in which rose plantings are integrated with
numerous landscape and architectural
elements, including fountains, stairways,
arches, trellises, and plantings of coniferous
and deciduous species. The rose collection
of the NBG “Rosarium” was created and
continues to be developed using the method
of generic complexes. Of particular value
are species of the natural flora of Europe,
Asia, and North America belonging to two
of the four subgenera of the genus Rosa L.
The following cultivar groups are the largest
in Ukraine or are represented exclusively
at the NBG: old garden roses (50 cultivars),
cultivars of Rosa rugosa Thunb. (35 cultivars),
Canadian roses (20 cultivars), musk roses (15
cultivars), cultivars of Rosa spinosissima L. (ten
cultivars), and hybrids between rose cultivars
and Hulthemia persica (Michx. ex Juss.) Bornm.
(10 cultivars) (Rubtsova & Chyzhankova, 2019;
Rakhmetov, 2019; Rubtsova et al., 2025).
The “Lilac Garden”, or “Syringarium,” is well
known both in Ukraine and internationally,
successfully combining high artistic and
scientific value. In terms of taxonomic
richness, the collection is not inferior to the
best analogues of foreign botanical gardens;
however, in terms of the picturesque landscape
surrounding it and the exceptionally abundant
flowering of shrubs, it has no equal worldwide.
The establishment of the lilac collection began
in 1946 on an area of 1.5 ha, starting with the
first 30 cultivars of German breeding obtained
from Germany. Today, the collection includes
approximately 200 cultivars, species, and
promising ornamental forms, represented by
1,500 plants, and the area has expanded to
2.35 ha. The collection of lilac species at the
NBG is the most comprehensive in Europe,
comprising 22 species out of 27 known in
natural flora. Breeding work is conducted at
the NBG, resulting in cultivars such as ‘Bohdan
Khmelnytskyi’, ‘Vohni Donbasu’, ‘Taras Bulba’,
and ‘Lesia Ukrainka’. In 2025, four highly
ornamental cultivars were submitted for
cultivar testing. In addition to common lilac
cultivars, recent years have seen increased
attention to Chinese lilac. Two dwarf forms,
characterized by winter hardiness and drought
resistance, have been obtained through
breeding methods. Current research focuses
on identifying effective propagation methods,
as these forms may eventually become
promising rootstocks for creating low-growing
plants from genetically tall cultivars, primarily
common lilac.
The “Peony Collection” is represented by
three life forms: herbaceous peonies, semi-
shrub peonies, and shrub (tree) peonies. This
collection is the largest in Ukraine and one
of the richest among neighboring countries
and Eastern Europe. At present, its gene
pool includes nine species, 650 cultivars,
and 30 promising breeding accessions.
Herbaceous peony cultivars are the most
widely represented, including more than 50
cultivars bred by NBG breeders. The peony
collection serves as a reference standard
for cultivar identification (Rakhmetov, 2019;
Gorobets, 2023).
The Collection Fund of Energy and Aromatic
Plants of the NBG (Order of the Cabinet
of Ministers of Ukraine dated 28 January
Plant Introduction • 108 7
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden: a leading scientific and educational center
2015, No. 59-r) comprises 1,826 accessions.
It includes collections of energy raw plants (714
accessions) for use in solid biofuels and biogas,
oil crops for biodiesel production, sugar-
bearing plants for bioethanol production,
spice-aromatic plants (248), essential oil plants
(215), medicinal plants (419), the exhibition
plot “Garden of Aromas” (120 accessions),
and an exhibition-breeding plot of new crops
and cultivars of the NBG at the experimental
farm of the NAS of Ukraine “Hlevakha” (110
accessions).
The collection fund was formed by NBG
researchers over a long period (the collection
of aromatic plants for more than 80 years
and energy plants for more than 30 years)
and represents the largest base collection of
these plant groups in Ukraine. The collection
fund includes plants from various botanical
and geographical regions of the world.
Most accessions have undergone long-
term introduction trials, are adapted to the
conditions of Ukraine, ensure high productive
potential, and are capable of reproduction,
while some representatives are capable of
naturalization (Rakhmetov, 2024a).
The collection fund includes plants of
exceptional scientific, economic, social,
educational, and cognitive-ethnobotanical
significance. This collection is particularly
valuable from the perspective of ex situ
conservation of plant diversity and represents
an important genetic resource for breeding
and the development of new plant forms and
cultivars (Rakhmetov, 2019).
It is also significant that the collection fund
comprises approximately 140 cultivars of in-
house breeding, for which authors’ certificates
and patents have been obtained and which are
recommended for cultivation in various soil
and climatic zones of Ukraine.
During recent years (2019–2024), the
NBG carried out 16 departmental research
and development (R&D) projects in the
field of fundamental studies under the
priority direction of science and technology
development “Fundamental scientific research
on the most important problems of scientific
and technological, socio-economic, socio-
political, and human potential development to
ensure the global competitiveness of Ukraine
and the sustainable development of society
and the state”; four departmental applied
R&D projects under the priority thematic area
“Rational nature management. Technologies
for sustainable use, conservation, and
enhancement of bioresources and
improvement of their quality and safety,
and biodiversity conservation”; 19 program-
targeted and competitive R&D projects of the
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and
27 contract-based projects. Researchers of the
NBG also participated in the implementation
of 11 international scientific projects.
Within the framework of fundamental
research R&D, the NBG has developed and
implemented a scientifically substantiated
approach to the ex situ conservation of floristic
diversity through modelling of introduction
populations of rare and endangered species
in forest and steppe cultural phytocoenoses.
The botanical-geographical plots and the
collection “Rare Plants of the Flora of Ukraine”
include 128 species listed in the Red Data Book
of Ukraine, 35 regionally rare plant species
of the flora of Kyiv, 11 species listed under
the Bern Convention, 24 species listed under
the CITES Convention, 18 species from the
European Red List, and 14 species from the
IUCN Red List, making the NBG one of the
largest centers for the conservation of rare
plant species in Ukraine.
Of particular value are the botanical-
geographical plots representing the vegetation
of the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Altai, and
the Far East, where, over a period of more
than 80 years, cultural phytocoenoses close
to natural ones have been formed. These have
become unique centers of floristic diversity,
in which rare species have found favorable
ecological niches and are actively reproducing.
Based on comparative ecological-coenotic and
population analyses, as well as monitoring of
spontaneous flora, proposals were developed
for the optimization of conservation
measures. The results formed the basis for
the establishment of new objects of the
Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine, including
the Kholodny Yar National Nature Park and 22
additional territories, ensuring the protection
of 34 rare plant species listed in the Red Data
Book of Ukraine (Gaponenko & Gnatiuk, 2021;
Gritsenko & Shynder, 2022; Rak et al., 2023).
The scientific foundations for the
conservation, enrichment, and efficient
use of resources of valuable introducers
and rare plants under the impact of climate
change in Ukraine have been developed.
8 Plant Introduction • 108
Zaimenko et al.
The fundamental principles of introduction,
acclimatization, breeding, and biotechnology
aimed at the mobilization and creation of new
plant genetic resources have been elaborated
to ensure the conservation, enrichment,
and efficient use of the global potential of
tropical, subtropical, flower-ornamental,
fruit, food, and energy introducers, as well as
rare species of various plant life forms from
the flora of different countries and Ukraine
under conditions of environmental change
(Zaimenko & Rakhmetov, 2022).
Recommendations have been developed for
the rational use of the ecological potential of
disturbed and degraded territories, and a range
of plant species promising for the revitalization
of eroded landscapes of Ukraine has been
identified. Optimal conditions have been
created for rare plants and valuable introducers,
ensuring high ornamental value and longevity
of plantings, and their economic efficiency and
feasibility of use have been substantiated.
Biological-ecological, morphological-
anatomical, physiological-biochemical,
allelopathic, breeding-genetic, and
phytocoenotic criteria have been established
for increasing adaptive capacity and resistance
of plants, improving reproductive function,
productivity, and quantitative–qualitative
characteristics of valuable introducers and rare
plant species, with the aim of forecasting and
preventing the negative impacts of changing
climatic conditions. Predictive models have
been developed to study the mechanisms of
plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Based on nanomaterials of silicon-containing
minerals and allelopathically active substances,
the scientific foundations for enhancing plant
productivity and resistance to abiotic stressors
have been developed. The allelopathic features
of plants and their role in species adaptive
strategies under climate change conditions
have been identified (Rakhmetov & Zaimenko,
2022).
In the arboretum of the NBG, the
composition of the gene pool has been
analyzed and the condition of collection
plantings optimized. A total of 122 taxa
(species, varieties, cultivars, and hybrids) have
been integrated, 61 of which are new to the
collection. Despite the challenges of war and
extreme climatic fluctuations, not only has the
collection been preserved, but it has also been
actively enriched, confirming the effectiveness
of adaptive introduction strategies.
Phenological monitoring revealed significant
differences in the timing of phenophase onset
compared with archival data from 10–50 years
ago, allowing an assessment of the impact of
climate change. A comprehensive register of
gymnosperm taxa cultivated in 67 botanical
institutions of Ukraine has been compiled,
and a research base of somatic mutations (84
samples from six genera) has been created,
opening prospects for the study of genetic
variability and adaptive potential. Ukrainian
options of the international BBCH scale have
been proposed for describing the phases of
seasonal development of woody plants and
harmonizing them with traditional scales,
contributing to the unification of phenological
research. The levels of winter hardiness and
drought resistance of representatives of the
genus Hamamelis L. have been determined,
which is of practical importance for plant
introduction and landscape greening under
climate change conditions (Nesterova et al.,
2019; Zaimenko & Rakhmetov, 2022).
The fundamental principles for the
mobilization, conservation, enrichment, and
efficient use of resources of introduced and
autochthonous plants have been developed to
ensure the food, energy, and environmental
security of Ukraine. Physiological-biochemical,
genetic, and biotechnological mechanisms for
increasing the efficiency of acclimatization,
adaptation, and plant introduction processes,
as well as for the reproduction of plant genetic
diversity, have been elaborated, resulting in
the creation of one of the richest collections
of economically important plants. A valuable
gene pool (2,560 taxa) has been assembled,
and the introduction and genetic potential of
new energy, raw-material, technical, spice-
flavoring, essential-oil, forage, and vegetable
plants (approximately 50 species, forms, and
cultivars) has been assessed (Rakhmetov, 2020;
Rakhmetov et al., 2024a).
Original methods for the regulation of
growth and production processes in plants
have been proposed, and the potential of crops
new to Ukraine has been revealed. The most
promising sources of proteins, lipids, sugars,
and biologically active compounds have been
identified based on the evaluation and selection
of the most valuable genotypes with enhanced
quantitative and qualitative characteristics of
plant raw material (Rakhmetov et al., 2020).
Plant Introduction • 108 9
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden: a leading scientific and educational center
Methods for increasing the adaptive
potential of valuable introducers and
endemic useful plants of the f lora of
Ukraine have been elaborated. The
principles of phytoconversion based on
plants with a C4-type of photosynthesis,
characterized by high resistance and
productivity, have been formed.
For the first time, a new botanical taxon,
the hybridogenic species Rumex kioviensis
Rakhmetov, A.S.Mosyakin & Mosyakin (Kyiv
dock), has been described and registered.
On its basis, five cultivars have been created
and included in the State Register of Plant
Varieties of Ukraine, confirming the leading
role of the NBG as a scientific center for the
creation of new botanical taxa (Rakhmetov
et al., 2024b).
Comprehensive studies on the conservation
and enrichment of the gene pool of flower-
ornamental plants have been carried out using
modern introduction and breeding-genetic
methods, analysis of global resources, and
mobilization of source material of species
promising for landscaping and breeding.
Morphological-biological, biological-
ecological, reproductive, and adaptive
characteristics of new cultivars have been
determined. The collections have been
enriched with 47 species and 202 cultivars;
at present, the flower-ornamental plant
collection of the NBG comprises 5,196
accessions, represented by 4,167 cultivars
and 1,029 species. The most comprehensive
collections of flower-ornamental plants in
Ukraine have been formed, among which
annuals, peonies, and astilbes occupy leading
positions in Eastern Europe.
An introduction assessment of more
than 60 species and cultivars of the genera
Pulsatilla Mill., Iris Tourn. ex L. (subgenus
Limniris (Tausch) Spach), and Paeonia L. (Itoh
Group) was conducted, including analyses
of distribution ranges, ecological resistance,
winter and drought resistance, morphogenesis,
reproductive capacity, and phenology. The
dependence of the duration of phenophases
of Itoh Group peonies on the sum of effective
temperatures was established, which made
it possible to form a cultivar assortment for
continuous flowering over two months and to
select 25 cultivars for ornamental horticulture
and landscape design. Thirty-nine winter-
hardy iris cultivars (Siberian, Louisiana, Spuria)
were selected, and six species of Pulsatilla
were recommended for cultivation and seed
production under the conditions of the Right-
Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, contributing
to the conservation of natural populations. The
foundations of a scientifically substantiated
technology for cultivation, propagation, and
use of promising introducers in ornamental
horticulture, taking into account their adaptive
potential under climate change conditions,
have been established.
The processes of introduction and
adaptation of underutilized fruit plants have
been theoretically substantiated through
analysis of their evolutionary development,
genetic and geographical origin, and
comparison of climatic conditions of natural
ranges with introduction regions. Forecasting
and evaluation of factors of successful
introduction were carried out, ensuring the
formation of gene pools and the creation
of promising cultivars. A unique gene pool
comprising 855 taxa from 39 genera and 18
families of autochthonous and introduced
species has been preserved and enriched;
their fruits are characterized by a high
content of biologically active compounds with
adaptogenic, geroprotective, and therapeutic-
dietary properties.
A collection–breeding fund has been
established as a source of new genotypes
of the genera Actinidia Lindl., Asimina
Adans., Elaeagnus Tourn. ex L., Cornus L.,
Cydonia Daubenton & P.Daubenton,
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Malus
Mill., Prunus L., and Lonicera caerulea L.,
which are characterized by a wide ecological
range and suitability for cultivation under
various soil and climatic conditions. New
adapted cultivars of Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal,
Cydonia oblonga Mill., Cornus mas L., Mespilus
germanica L., and Pseudocydonia sinensis
(Dum.Cours.) C.K.Schneid. with a complex of
economically valuable traits have been bred
and recommended for state variety testing.
A scientific concept of a homeostatic
ideotype of a cultivar with defined
morphological and functional parameters has
been substantiated. The model is based on the
analysis of the best genotypes and takes into
account modern breeding requirements aimed
at solving new agroecological and economic
tasks. A concept of adaptive introduction has
been developed, combining seed propagation,
10 Plant Introduction • 108
Zaimenko et al.
natural and artificial selection, and synthetic
breeding methods, ensuring an increase in
the adaptive potential of introducers, the
development of form-creating processes, and
the expansion of the breeding base.
The phytochemical composition and
adaptive properties of new and underutilized
southern fruit plants of the genera Actinidia,
Lycium L., Chaenomeles Lindl., Cornus L.,
Schisandra Michx., Lonicera L., Asimina,
Pseudocydonia (C.K.Schneid.) C.K.Schneid.,
Prunus, and others have been investigated.
The content of polyphenols, flavones,
polysaccharides, hemicelluloses, as well as
phenological, morphological, anatomical, and
biochemical characteristics and propagation
methods under conditions of global climate
change, have been analyzed. A wide spectrum
of biological activity of these plants has been
established, including adaptogenic, tonic,
immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory,
regenerative, and antitumor effects. The
drought resistance of apple cultivars has been
evaluated, and the content of free proline
has been identified as a reliable marker of
resistance to drought and anthropogenic
pressure. The biological and biochemical
characteristics of Schisandra chinensis
have been revealed, in particular its high
content of organic acids, lignans, saponins,
vitamins, flavonoids, and trace elements,
confirming its significant potential for use
in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food
industries (Klymenko et al., 2020; Zaimenko &
Rakhmetov, 2022).
The results of studies on plants of tropical
biomes have been summarized. The modular
organization, phenological, morphological,
and anatomical characteristics, as well as
reproductive systems of representatives of
tropical orchids (Coelogyne Lindl., Guarianthe
Dressler & W.E.Higgins, Dendrobium Sw.,
Paphiopedilum Pfitzer) under in vivo and
in vitro conditions have been established.
Biological markers of stress presence have
been identified to assess the impact of
climate change on plants of this taxonomic
group, which is considered one of the most
threatened plant groups under global climate
change.
The taxonomic composition of epiphytic
algae associated with tropicogenic orchids
has been investigated, and the specificity of
associations between lower photobionts and
higher plants has been established. It has
been shown that the colonization of orchid
velamen by lower autotrophs is ordered in
nature, and that the degree of photobiont
specificity depends on the orchid species.
Cases of cospecificity among diatoms and
cyanoprokaryotes have been identified. Using
the cyanobacterial strain Nostoc punctiforme
(Kütz.) Har. and three species of epiphytic
orchids as model systems, the features of
their interactions under artificial greenhouse
climate conditions and in vitro culture were
investigated. The creation of such associations
in vitro opens prospects for improving
technologies for cultivation and deposition
of rare and endangered orchid species, as
well as for deepening the understanding of
interactions between higher plants and lower
photobionts.
The antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of six
cultivars of Camellia japonica was determined
using protein oxidation biomarkers. It was
established that the content of aldehyde
and ketone derivatives does not change
significantly after in vitro incubation, and
that screening of the spectrum of biological
activity (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory)
is promising for the search for preventive
agents in the pathogenesis of metabolic
diseases. Among tropicogenic orchids of the
genus Dendrobium in the NBG collection,
the most valuable producers of biologically
active substances (BAS) were identified, with
phenolic acids and flavonoids as the main
components of their extracts. Sterile cultures
of selected species were obtained, protocols
for their in vitro cultivation were developed,
and it was demonstrated that materials
based on silica and orchid extracts ensure
prolonged deposition of BAS. The created
prototypes of prolonged-action preparations
guarantee uniform and rapid release of extract
components, slowing of desorption, and
long-term activity of the antioxidant pool of
compounds.
For the first time in Ukraine,
“phytoremediation modules” have been
developed for the optimization of the indoor
human living environment, particularly in
facilities with closed localization, such as
medical and preventive institutions and
rehabilitation centers. This development is
based on fundamental scientific research in
the fields of medicine, microbiology, plant
Plant Introduction • 108 11
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden: a leading scientific and educational center
physiology, and applied botany. The presented
author’s concept of “phytoremediation
clusters” has been elaborated taking into
account the real needs of Ukrainian society
under wartime conditions and post-war
reconstruction (Yakimets et al., 2024).
The impact of global climate change
on carbon and nitrogen pools and fluxes
in natural and artificial ecosystems has
been investigated. Based on a comparative
analysis of forest and meadow-steppe
biogeocenoses, the concept of balanced and
unbalanced ecosystems was proposed, and
their key characteristics were identified.
Methods for the assessment and forecasting
of ecosystem development using indicator
parameters (including CO2 emissions, plant
species composition, microbiological and
enzymatic activity of soils, distribution of
biogenic elements, and phenolic compound
content) have been developed. Biochemical
and microbiological markers of CO2
sequestration intensity have been identified.
It has been demonstrated that natural
biogeocenoses (beech primeval forests of
the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve and the
steppes of Askania-Nova) are balanced and
capable of self-restoration, whereas artificial
biogeocenoses of the botanical-geographical
plots of the NBG, due to significant indicator
fluctuations, remain unbalanced, unmanaged,
and require substantial agrotechnical efforts
to stabilize soil processes (Zaimenko et al.,
2022; Zaimenko & Rakhmetov, 2022).
The role of secondary metabolites in the
formation of allelopathic potential within the
“soil-plant-soil” system has been investigated.
A hypothesis was proposed suggesting that
regulating ammonium nitrogen content in the
rhizosphere soil can influence the intensity of
strontium accumulation in the leaves of studied
ornamental and fruit plants. Mechanisms of
structural-functional organization of the “soil-
plant-soil” system were determined to clarify
the role of allelopathically active compounds
in the formation of biogeocenoses, which
involves analyzing the relationship between
the bioavailability of mineral nutrients and the
synthesis and release of secondary metabolites
by plants into the environment. This approach
revealed a barrier-free effect in rose plants
regarding aluminum accumulation in leaves,
indicating the feasibility of cultivating these
plants on contaminated soils.
A positive correlation was established
between air temperature and the absence of
precipitation with triterpenoid accumulation
in soil. An inverse correlation was observed
between the pool of triterpenoids in soil,
which are directly involved in forming stable
humus structures, and the reduction in
mobility of phenolic compounds alongside
increased ammonium nitrogen content.
A technology for controlled growth of
Penicillium roseopurpureum Dierckx R.P.
and P. rubrum Stoll O. strains (producers of
curvularin) was proposed, involving cultivation
on various nutrient media in the presence
of siliceous minerals (analcime, diatomite).
The role of microelements in the synthesis
of curvularin and rubratoxin was elucidated.
Recommendations were developed for
cultivating P. roseopurpureum and P. rubrum to
obtain antibiotics on an industrial scale.
An ecosystem-based approach for
optimizing urban landscapes was proposed.
Microevolutionary processes in introduction
populations were theoretically substantiated,
and their role in forming long-lived and
resilient green plantings in urban ecosystems
was clarified. Ecotypic differentiation
and genotypic diversity of major NBG
collections were studied. Diagnostic sex
traits were identified based on morphological
characteristics of vegetative organs in
juvenile and generative individuals of Populus
tremula L., Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., and
Ginkgo biloba L.
The dynamics of introduced plant resistance
to aggressive phytophages and pathogens
under botanical garden conditions were
examined. It was found that the introduction
of non-native plant species leads to the arrival
of adventive pests into Ukraine’s natural
ecosystems, to which local species exhibit low
resistance. Existing measures for protecting
botanical garden plantings against pests and
diseases were improved, and appropriate
technological protection schemes were
developed for different collections.
Within applied research, an informational
analysis and bio-phytochemical evaluation
of medicinal plants of the Ukrainian flora
were conducted to develop innovative
therapeutic and preventive phytoproducts.
Comprehensive approaches were developed
to identify promising species among native
and introduced plants characterized by high
12 Plant Introduction • 108
Zaimenko et al.
levels of biologically active compounds with
pronounced antimicrobial and antioxidant
activities. Based on these studies, adaptogenic
phytocomplexes were developed and
recommended for inclusion in specialized
functional foods, particularly for military
personnel, to enhance resistance to stress
and adverse environmental factors. As a result
of comprehensive biological, phytochemical,
and insecticidal research, declaration
patents for utility models were prepared and
submitted, including: “Plant-based agent with
antimicrobial activity,” “Blended plant oil based
on sea buckthorn fruit oil,” and “Method for
preparing the insecto-acaricidal preparation
‘ARTEDOK’”.
An ecologically justified technology
for overcoming soil fatigue has been
implemented in the green spaces of Kyiv,
based on the integrated use of siliceous
minerals and a synthetic analogue of salicylic
acid. This technology relies on a synecological
approach, which ensures optimization of
soil properties (pH level, nutrient balance,
reduction of toxicity), stabilization of coenotic
and trophic relationships, and increased
resilience of cultivated plants to abiotic and
biotic factors, including phytopathogens.
Modern methods for overcoming soil fatigue
using phyto-sources of non-humified
organic matter have been developed, and
technological conditions for forming plant
assortments and introducing new ornamental
perennials into landscape compositions have
been proposed to integrate them into urban
landscapes while maintaining the ecological
balance of phytocenoses.
A collection of approximately 100 sugar
sorghum genotypes was established, and
highly productive forms (14 samples) were
selected for bioethanol and biobutanol
production. The biological and technological
properties of the biomass as a second-
generation raw material were determined.
New cultivars with increased sugar content
for biobutanol production were developed
(Rakhmetov, 2024b).
The pools and fluxes of CO2 in model and
natural terrestrial ecosystems of Ukraine were
assessed. The effect of the No-till technology,
widely applied for carbon sequestration, on
allelopathic, biochemical, and microbiological
soil regimes was analyzed. It was found
that under No-till conditions in barley,
maize, and soybean crops, soil phytotoxicity
increased due to the accumulation of phenolic
compounds, manganese, and ammonium
nitrogen compared to conventional plowing.
A method for rapid assessment of potential soil
fertility for various soil-climatic conditions
was developed based on indicators of organic
carbon, laccase activity, and the abundance
of melanin-containing micromycetes. Rapid
prediction methods for plant productivity
based on quantitative indicators of
chloroplasts in cells and chlorophyll b content
in leaves were proposed.
The impact of airborne and light pollution
on the structural-functional organization
of urban phytocenoses was investigated.
A hypothesis was proposed and substantiated
regarding the stress effects of artificial night
lighting on the anatomical-morphological
structure and physiological-biochemical
processes in the leaves of urban trees in Kyiv.
New patterns of artificial light with different
spectral compositions on the content of
photosynthetic pigments and protective
antioxidant secondary metabolites in leaves
were identified. Differences in adaptive
changes in the ultrastructural organization
of mesophyll cells and secondary metabolism
between the studied tree species under
different spectral compositions of artificial
light were established. The positive effect
of red light on the synthesis of protective
compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and
brassinosteroids was demonstrated.
The role of biogenic elements in inducing
brassinosteroid synthesis to enhance
plant stress resistance was shown. For
the first time, a synergistic enhancement
effect was observed when exogenous
brassinosteroids and ammonium nitrate
were applied simultaneously, improving
the allelopathic and biochemical status of
rhizosphere soil. New significant patterns
of physiological interactions between
endogenous brassinosteroids and sugars in
the leaf tissues of Crambe cordifolia Steven
and Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni, as
well as between brassinosteroids and silicon in
the bulbs of Allium ursinum L. and Leucojum
vernum L., were established. The autonomy of
assimilate distribution in multicolored leaves
of chimeric plants was demonstrated for
the first time (Rakhmetov & Zaimenko, 2022;
Zaimenko & Rakhmetov, 2022).
Plant Introduction • 108 13
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden: a leading scientific and educational center
For the first time in Ukraine, scientific
and methodological principles have been
developed, and new oilseed crops have
been introduced into cultivation. Methods
to enhance plant resistance and improve
physiological processes have been elaborated.
The qualitative and quantitative composition
of lipids, as well as macro- and microelements
in plant biomass, has been assessed. Methods
for improving the biotrophic properties of soil
through the use of siliceous fertilizers have
been developed. Approaches for zero-waste
utilization of by-products have also been
explored (Rakhmetov & Zaimenko, 2025).
Based on theoretical generalizations
and experimental studies, the cultivation
conditions, growth and development
features, and biomass formation of medicinal
plants were determined for: chamomile
(Matricaria chamomilla L.), striped urn
orchid (Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f.),
common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.),
and common St. John’s wort (Hypericum
perforatum L.). The productive potential
of the plants was analyzed, and extraction
and quantification of secondary metabolites
were performed. The effectiveness of acute
seed irradiation for stimulating growth and
development processes was evaluated for
chamomile, yarrow, and St. John’s wort
(Rakhmetov, 2025).
Studies were conducted to assess
atmospheric pollution in parts of Ukraine,
within the Volyn and Novhorod-Siverskyi
Polissia regions, by toxic heavy metals, for
inclusion in the “Atlas of Atmospheric Heavy
Metal Deposition in Europe” within the
framework of the International Cooperative
Programme on Vegetation (ICP Vegetation)
of the United Nations Economic Commission
for Europe (UNECE). This program involves
28 European countries and monitors long-
term, large-scale biogeochemical deposition
of 11 toxic heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe,
Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn) in the atmosphere
using moss biomonitoring, in accordance
with the UN Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). The
data are utilized by national environmental
agencies to inform international policymakers
about the effectiveness of air pollution control
measures under the UN LRTAP Convention
and to develop strategies for improving air
quality in Europe.
The implementation of an open
geoinformation system for the preservation of
the natural and cultural heritage of the NBG has
begun. Based on the ZERUM GIS information-
analytical platform, the NBG Geoportal has
been established as an open geoinformation
system accessible via a web browser. Using
innovative information technologies, materials
have been prepared on the botanical garden’s
natural and cultural heritage sites, its most
notable collections, and sections representing
landscape art – national treasures, as well as
aged and memorial trees, the historical Red
Courtyard, Zvirynets fortifications of the Kyiv
Fortress, and others. An ecological-historical
excursion route, “Secrets of the Zvirynets
Fortification,” has been developed, presenting
the monument and the collection-exposition
sections of the NBG with organized visitor
access while ensuring compliance with the
protection regime and preservation of the
natural environment of protected areas in
Ukraine (Gaponenko et al., 2024).
The NBG is a research institution and a
protected area of the national nature reserve
fund, performing recreational functions and
serving as a unique urban compensation zone
in the central part of Kyiv. The institution
manages a territory of approximately
130 ha, encompassing sites that require
special conditions for maintenance, care,
and conservation. This area represents a
unique space where scientific research,
breeding work, biodiversity conservation,
and educational activities are integrated.
All activities are carried out with the active
participation of scientific staff, who ensure
proper plant care, monitor their condition,
and implement new agrotechnical solutions.
At the NBG, unique collections of
ornamental, medicinal, fruit, vegetable, spice-
aromatic, energy, and industrial plants from all
botanical-geographical regions of the world
have been established, totaling over 17,200
species, forms, and cultivars. These collections
hold exceptional scientific and economic value
and are particularly important given global
trends of decreasing plant diversity and the
extinction of many flora species (Rakhmetov,
2020; Gorobets, 2023).
The NBG has achieved significant success in
creating intellectual property objects. Between
2020 and 2024 alone, more than ninety patents
were obtained for plant varieties, utility
14 Plant Introduction • 108
Zaimenko et al.
models, and inventions. This scale of research
activity opens wide opportunities for practical
application, commercialization, and cross-
sector collaboration.
Utility models and inventions, particularly
those related to cultivation methods, plant
productivity assessment, biofuel or fertilizer
production, are integrated into the production
processes of agricultural enterprises,
ornamental horticulture, and bioenergy.
Special attention is given to the potential use
of patents in educational and therapeutic
programs. Additionally, inventions concerning
soil fertility assessment and alleviation of soil
fatigue can serve as the basis for ecological
initiatives aimed at the restoration of degraded
lands (Zaimenko & Rakhmetov, 2022).
In recent years, the NBG has established
ethnobotanical exhibits demonstrating
elements of the unique natural and cultural
heritage of various regions and peoples of
the world. The need for comprehensive
research into the historical and cultural
heritage of botanical gardens and arboreta
has been recognized by the Botanic Gardens
Conservation International (BGCI) as one of
the most important tasks for modern botanical
institutions.
A concept for the development of botanical
exhibits has been formulated. Creating
ethnobotanical displays is particularly relevant
for enhancing the aesthetic perception of
the territory and promoting global ecological
culture and achievements in landscape art
from different peoples. The Eastern sector
is the most fully represented, including the
Korean Traditional Garden, the Tibetan Nature
and Culture section, and the Indonesian
Garden. The Japanese and Chinese Gardens
are under development, and a site dedicated
to the culture and landscape art of Turkey is in
the design phase.
Conclusions
The M.M. Gryshko National Botanical
Garden of the National Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine (NBG) has developed into a
leading scientific center that integrates
fundamental research, applied studies, and
educational and outreach activities aimed
at the conservation and sustainable use of
phylogenetic plant resources. Decades of
experience in introduction, acclimatization,
breeding, biotechnology, allelopathy, and
biodiversity conservation have led to the
formation of unique scientific schools and the
establishment of collections recognized as
part of Ukraine’s National Heritage.
The research results of the NBG
demonstrate its exceptional role in preserving
rare and endangered plant species, forming
introduction populations, and developing new
approaches to enhancing plant adaptability
under conditions of climate change and
anthropogenic impacts. The institution has
made a significant contribution to the creation
of new plant varieties and phytotechnologies,
which are of strategic importance for the
agricultural sector, bioenergy, and the
country’s environmental security.
The educational and outreach activities
of the NBG foster ecological awareness in
society, ensure the training of highly qualified
specialists, and promote the integration of
Ukrainian science into the global scientific
community. The comprehensiveness of
its scientific programs, participation in
international projects, and systematic work in
biodiversity conservation make the NBG one of
the key institutional resources for sustainable
development and post-war recovery in
Ukraine.
The NBG will continue to expand its
participation in the most important and
ambitious scientific initiatives, ensuring a
high level of their implementation. In the
near future, the priorities of NBG’s scientific
activities will focus on fundamental and applied
research in biology and natural sciences,
particularly in the areas of floristics, ecology,
plant introduction and acclimatization, plant
resilience and adaptation, genetics and
physiology, phytochemistry, bioindication
and environmental monitoring, plant
biotechnology, bioenergy, phytoremediation,
as well as the scientific foundations for
biodiversity conservation and landscape
design.
Special attention will be given to
scientific and technical developments aimed
at the conservation and restoration of
biodiversity under conditions of profound
environmental transformation caused by
climate change, anthropogenic pressures,
and the consequences of military actions. The
implementation of these tasks will contribute
Plant Introduction • 108 15
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden: a leading scientific and educational center
to the generation of new scientific knowledge
and its effective application to ensure
ecological stability and the restoration of
Ukraine’s natural resources.
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roses. Veles, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian)
Rubtsova, O., Shumyk, M., Shinder, O., &
Chyzhankova, V. (2025). Rose hips of East Asia.
Phoenix, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian)
https://doi.org/10.37555/2707-3114.1.2021.247359
https://doi.org/10.37555/2707-3114.1.2021.247359
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2022020
https://doi.org/10.59647/978-617-14-0328-4/1
https://doi.org/10.59647/978-617-14-0328-4/1
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https://doi.org/10.59647/978-617-8739-87-4/1
https://doi.org/10.59647/978-617-8739-87-4/1
https://doi.org/10.59647/978-617-14-0471-7/1
https://doi.org/10.59647/978-617-14-0471-7/1
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https://files.nas.gov.ua/PublicMessages/Documents/0/2023/01/NBG_plants_resistance_monograph_2022.pdf
https://files.nas.gov.ua/PublicMessages/Documents/0/2023/01/NBG_plants_resistance_monograph_2022.pdf
https://doi.org/10.59647/978-617-14-0283-6/1
https://doi.org/10.59647/978-617-14-0283-6/1
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.1
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.1
16 Plant Introduction • 108
Zaimenko et al.
Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: провідний
науково-освітній центр з інтродукції, збереження та раціонального використання
фітогенетичних ресурсів для сталого розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення
України
Наталія Заіменко *, Джамал Рахметов, Микола Гапоненко, Микола Шумик, Олександр Бондарчук
Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Садово-Ботанічна, 1, Київ, 01103,
Україна; * zaimenkonv@ukr.net
У статті висвітлено роль Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка Національної академії
наук України (НБС) як провідного науково-освітнього центру з інтродукції рослин, збереження та
раціонального використання фітогенетичних ресурсів, що має першочергове значення для сталого
розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення України. Окреслено історичне становлення установи
та її внесок у розвиток ботанічної науки, зокрема в галузях інтродукції та акліматизації рослин,
дендрології, селекції, генетики, біотехнології, фітоенергетики, алелопатії, біоіндикації та збереження
біорізноманіття.
Представлено основні напрямки наукових досліджень НБС. Особливу увагу приділено діяльності
наукових шкіл, створених у НБС, які зробили значний внесок у розвиток інтродукції, селекції,
алелопатії та збереження біорізноманіття. Охарактеризовано наукові об’єкти НБС, що мають статус
Національного надбання України, зокрема: колекції тропічних та субтропічних рослин, колекції
квіткових та декоративних рослин, монокультурні сади та колекційний фонд енергетичних та
ароматичних рослин. Підкреслено їх значення як генетичних ресурсів для селекції, наукових
досліджень та екологічної освіти.
Наведено результати фундаментальних та прикладних досліджень, міжнародних проєктів та програм
Національної академії наук України. Показано, що НБС є одним з провідних центрів зі збереження
рідкісних видів флори України, де розроблено наукові основи збереження біорізноманіття ex situ,
моделювання інтродукційних популяцій та оптимізації захисних заходів. Встановлено критерії
підвищення адаптивності рослин до зміни клімату та стресових факторів, розроблено нові моделі
дослідження стійкості та підходи до підвищення продуктивності рослин.
Підкреслено стратегічне значення НБС як центру науки, освіти та інновацій, що забезпечує
інтеграцію фундаментальних досліджень, прикладних розробок та інформаційно-просвітницької
роботи, створюючи тим самим умови для екологічної безпеки, розвитку сільського господарства,
біоенергетики та зміцнення екологічної свідомості в суспільстві.
Ключові слова: Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, фундаментальні дослідження, прикладні
дослідження, ботанічні колекції, наукові школи, інноваційний центр, національне надбання
Yakimets, V.M., Buyun, L.I., Ivannikov, R.V.,
Voronenko, V.V., Veselskiy, V.L., Kharytonova, I.P.,
Kovalska, L.A., Perehrestenko, O.V., & Kosey, N.V.
(2024). Phytoremediation modules: fundamental
principles of creation and innovative aspects of use.
Lyudmila, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian)
Zaimenko, N.V. & Rakhmetov, D.B. (Ed.). (2022).
Fundamental and applied aspects of plant introduction
and conservation in the National Botanical Garden
named after M.M. Gryshko of the NAS of Ukraine.
Lira-K, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian). https://files.nas.gov.
ua/PublicMessages/Documents/0/2023/01/
NBG_garden_plants_monograph_2022.pdf
Zaimenko, N.V., Didyk, N.P., Bedernichek, T.Y.,
Krotiuk, A.I., Ivanytska, B.O., Pavluchenko, N.A.,
Rositska, N.V., & Yunosheva, O.P. (2022).
Carbon pools and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial
ecosystems. Lira-K, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian)
https://files.nas.gov.ua/PublicMessages/Documents/0/2023/01/NBG_garden_plants_monograph_2022.pdf
https://files.nas.gov.ua/PublicMessages/Documents/0/2023/01/NBG_garden_plants_monograph_2022.pdf
https://files.nas.gov.ua/PublicMessages/Documents/0/2023/01/NBG_garden_plants_monograph_2022.pdf
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| institution | Plant Introduction |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-02-08T08:11:58Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/30/299038995b8c8a57c2c039cac4a96130.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-16722026-01-30T22:58:40Z M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: a leading scientific and educational center for the introduction, conservation and rational use of phytogenetic resources for the sustainable development and post-war recovery of Ukraine Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: провідний науково-освітній центр з інтродукції, збереження та раціонального використання фітогенетичних ресурсів для сталого розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення України Zaimenko, Nataliia Rakhmetov, Dzhamal Gaponenko, Mykola Shumyk, Mykola Bondarchuk, Oleksandr The paper highlights the role of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG) as a leading scientific and educational center for plant introduction, conservation, and rational use of phytogenetic resources, a role of primary importance for Ukraine’s sustainable development and post-war recovery. The historical formation of the institution and its contribution to the advancement of botanical science are outlined, particularly in the fields of plant introduction and acclimatization, dendrology, breeding, genetics, biotechnology, phytoenergetics, allelopathy, bioindication, and biodiversity conservation.The main directions of the NBG’s scientific research are presented. Particular attention is paid to the activities of scientific schools established within the NBG that have made significant contributions to the development of introduction, breeding, allelopathy, and biodiversity conservation. Scientific objects of the NBG holding the status of National Heritage of Ukraine are characterized, including: collections of tropical and subtropical plants, collections of floral and ornamental plants, monocultural gardens, and the collection fund of energy and aromatic plants. Their significance as genetic resources for breeding, scientific research, and environmental education is emphasized.The results of fundamental and applied research, international projects, and programs of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are provided. It is demonstrated that the NBG is one of the largest centers for the conservation of rare species of Ukrainian flora, where the scientific foundations for ex situ biodiversity conservation, modeling of introduction populations, and optimization of protection measures have been developed. Criteria for increasing plant adaptability to climate change and stress factors have been established, and new models for resistance research and approaches to increasing plant productivity have been developed.The strategic importance of the NBG as a center of science, education, and innovation is emphasized, ensuring the integration of fundamental research, applied development, and public outreach, thereby creating the conditions for ecological security, agricultural development, bioenergetics, and the strengthening of environmental consciousness within society. У статті висвітлено роль Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка Національної академії наук України (НБС) як провідного науково-освітнього центру з інтродукції рослин, збереження та раціонального використання фітогенетичних ресурсів, що має першочергове значення для сталого розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення України. Окреслено історичне становлення установи та її внесок у розвиток ботанічної науки, зокрема в галузях інтродукції та акліматизації рослин, дендрології, селекції, генетики, біотехнології, фітоенергетики, алелопатії, біоіндикації та збереження біорізноманіття.Представлено основні напрямки наукових досліджень НБС. Особливу увагу приділено діяльності наукових шкіл, створених у НБС, які зробили значний внесок у розвиток інтродукції, селекції, алелопатії та збереження біорізноманіття. Охарактеризовано наукові об’єкти НБС, що мають статус Національного надбання України, зокрема: колекції тропічних та субтропічних рослин, колекції квіткових та декоративних рослин, монокультурні сади та колекційний фонд енергетичних та ароматичних рослин. Підкреслено їх значення як генетичних ресурсів для селекції, наукових досліджень та екологічної освіти.Наведено результати фундаментальних та прикладних досліджень, міжнародних проєктів та програм Національної академії наук України. Показано, що НБС є одним з провідних центрів зі збереження рідкісних видів флори України, де розроблено наукові основи збереження біорізноманіття ex situ, моделювання інтродукційних популяцій та оптимізації захисних заходів. Встановлено критерії підвищення адаптивності рослин до зміни клімату та стресових факторів, розроблено нові моделі дослідження стійкості та підходи до підвищення продуктивності рослин.Підкреслено стратегічне значення НБС як центру науки, освіти та інновацій, що забезпечує інтеграцію фундаментальних досліджень, прикладних розробок та інформаційно-просвітницької роботи, створюючи тим самим умови для екологічної безпеки, розвитку сільського господарства, біоенергетики та зміцнення екологічної свідомості в суспільстві. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2025-12-27 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1672 10.46341/PI2025020 Plant Introduction; No 108 (2025); 3-16 Інтродукція Рослин; № 108 (2025); 3-16 2663-290X 1605-6574 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1672/1575 Copyright (c) 2025 Nataliia Zaimenko, Dzhamal Rakhmetov, Mykola Gaponenko, Mykola Shumyk, Oleksandr Bondarchuk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Zaimenko, Nataliia Rakhmetov, Dzhamal Gaponenko, Mykola Shumyk, Mykola Bondarchuk, Oleksandr Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: провідний науково-освітній центр з інтродукції, збереження та раціонального використання фітогенетичних ресурсів для сталого розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення України |
| title | Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: провідний науково-освітній центр з інтродукції, збереження та раціонального використання фітогенетичних ресурсів для сталого розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення України |
| title_alt | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: a leading scientific and educational center for the introduction, conservation and rational use of phytogenetic resources for the sustainable development and post-war recovery of Ukraine |
| title_full | Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: провідний науково-освітній центр з інтродукції, збереження та раціонального використання фітогенетичних ресурсів для сталого розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення України |
| title_fullStr | Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: провідний науково-освітній центр з інтродукції, збереження та раціонального використання фітогенетичних ресурсів для сталого розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення України |
| title_full_unstemmed | Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: провідний науково-освітній центр з інтродукції, збереження та раціонального використання фітогенетичних ресурсів для сталого розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення України |
| title_short | Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: провідний науково-освітній центр з інтродукції, збереження та раціонального використання фітогенетичних ресурсів для сталого розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення України |
| title_sort | національний ботанічний сад імені м.м. гришка нан україни: провідний науково-освітній центр з інтродукції, збереження та раціонального використання фітогенетичних ресурсів для сталого розвитку та післявоєнного відновлення україни |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1672 |
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