Охорона рослин in situ та ex situ в Україні
Ukraine is characterized by high diversity of wild flora. Flora of Ukraine is one of the richest in Europe and includes 4523 species of vascular plants. Ukraine occupies 5.7 % of area of Europe and it contains 37 % of European vascular plants. 9 % of species of vascular plants of Ukraine are endemic...
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2015
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| author | Melnyk, V.I. |
| author_facet | Melnyk, V.I. |
| author_sort | Melnyk, V.I. |
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| description | Ukraine is characterized by high diversity of wild flora. Flora of Ukraine is one of the richest in Europe and includes 4523 species of vascular plants. Ukraine occupies 5.7 % of area of Europe and it contains 37 % of European vascular plants. 9 % of species of vascular plants of Ukraine are endemics. There are 611 species of vascular plants in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. The nature reserves funds of Ukraine included around 7790 objects, occuping around 5.7 % territory of Ukraine. Now Ukraine has a good perspective for improving the net of protected areas. All botanical gardens in Ukraine are involved in ex situ conservation of plants. The collection of rare and endangered species in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine harbors 136 species included in Red Data Book. Modeling of the populations of rare and endangered species in artificial forest and steppe communities is an original method of ex situ plant conservation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5281/zenodo.2526944 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:40:19Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
17ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2015, № 2
УДК 502.75:631.529
V.I. MELNYK
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Ukraine, 01014 Kyiv, Timiryazevska Str., 1
PLANT CONSERVATION IN SITU AND EX SITU IN UKRAINE
Ukraine is characterized by high diversity of wild flora. Flora of Ukraine is one of the richest in Europe and includes 4523 species
of vascular plants. Ukraine occupies 5.7 % of area of Europe and it contains 37 % of European vascular plants. 9 % of species
of vascular plants of Ukraine are endemics. There are 611 species of vascular plants in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. The
nature reserves funds of Ukraine included around 7790 objects, occuping around 5.7 % territory of Ukraine. Now Ukraine has
a good perspective for improving the net of protected areas. All botanical gardens in Ukraine are involved in ex situ conservation
of plants. The collection of rare and endangered species in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine harbors 136 species included in Red Data Book. Modeling of the populations of rare and endangered species
in artificial forest and steppe communities is an original method of ex situ plant conservation.
Kew words: plant conservation, flora, population, rare and endangered species, Ukraine.
© V.I. MELNYK, 2015
Ukraine is a part of main European centre of
plant diversity in the areas around the Mediter-
ranean and the Black Seas. Ukraine is character-
ized by high diversity of wild flora. This richness
in plant life owes to a wide variety of ecosystems,
including coniferous pine and spruce forests, de-
ciduous oak, beech and hornbeam forests, steppe
grasslands, subalpine and alpine communities of
the Carpa thian Mountains and submediterranean
communities of the Crimean Mountains. Flora of
Ukraine is one of the richest in Europe and in-
cludes 4523 species of vascular plants from 997
genera and 189 families. Ukraine covering 5.7 %
of area of Europe, houses 37 % of European vas-
cular plants [9].
Ukrainian natural plant cover has been greatly
altered by man’s activity. Less that 32 % of coun-
try has natural or seminatural vegetation. Only
14.3 % of Ukrainian territory is covered by forests.
The number of threatened native plant species has
increased and, at the same time, many newcomers
adventives species increased in number. Ukraine is
a country with long tradition of nature conserva-
tion. The actual goal for modern Ukraine is inte-
gration in situ and ex situ conservation.
According geobotanical division [1] the terri-
tory of Ukarine belong to European deciduous
forest region, European forest-steppe region, Eu-
ropean-Asiatic steppe region, Mediterranian for-
est region. Lawland part of Ukraine are occupied
85 % country territory. There are three geographi-
cal zone on the lowland part of Ukraine.
The zone of mixed forest occupy 19 % in north-
ern part of Ukraine in Polissian lawland. Thank to
the prevalent of sandy sediments in Polissya the
pine and oak-pine forests dominante in landscapes
of Northern part of Ukraine. The oak and horn-
beam oak forests are occupied more productive
gley soil in southern part of Polissya. The alder
forests cove fload-plaine. Insular spruce forests are
dispose in specific ecotons between forest and bog-
gy ecosystems. Insular spruce forests and durmast
oak-forests are rare communities of Polissya. Un-
cial forest community of this region is pine forest
with Rhododendron luteum Sweet.
Southern from Polissya is lesosteppe (forest-
step pe) zone characterized by rich soils. In the
more humid area gray forest soil is supported for
deciduous forests. The fertile chernozem soils are
favorable for meadow steppe. Much of the forests
and nearly all the steppe transformed into culti-
vated lands. Oak and hornbeam oak forests in
plato and pine forests in the terraces of the rivers
represent forest vegetations of Forest-Steppe zone
of Ukraine. The insular beech forests in the east-
ern limit of area of Fagus sylvatica in Europe is
18 ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2015, № 2
V.I. Melnyk
rare forest community of the lowland of Uk-
raine.
South of Forest-Steppe is the steppe zone,
broad grassland zone covering about 40 % of the
territory of Ukraine. Perennial xerophyte sod
grasses of such genera as Stipa, Festuca, Poa, Koe-
leria, Agropyron and Cares humilis prevail in the
steppe of Ukraine. Desert steppe with dominan-
tion of Artemisia grasses is presented on the saline
soil in the south of the shores of Black and Azov
Seas. Nowadays only in protected areas and un-
suitable for agriculture places remain fragments of
steppe vegetation.
The vegetation of the mountains of Ukraine is
very different. Carpathian Mountains character-
ized by rich diversity of wild flora. This richness in
plant life owes a wide variety of ecosystems. Uk-
rainian Carpathians is characterized by five vege-
tation belts.
The upper limit of submontane belt, being a
transition belt between the lowland and the moun-
tains, varies from 200—600 m a.s.l. This area cov-
ered by forest communities, mainly oak (Querce-
tum) in dry, acid habitats and oak-hornbeam for-
est habitats. Natural woodlands have been replaced
by meadows with Arrehenatheretum elatioris domi-
nation.
The lower mountain belt reaches 400—1400 m
a.s.l. beechwoods (Dentario glandulosa-Fagetum)
prevail and fir forests (Galio-Abietum) are also
present. In poor habitats acidophilous fir-spruce
forests (Abieti-Piceetum) is considerable. In the
flooded valley bottoms along the river, the grey al-
der bod association (Caltho-Alnetum) occurs.
The upper montane belt rang from 450—1450 m
a.s.l. The spruce forests of the order Vaccinio-Pi-
ceetalia dominate in this belt.
The subalpine belt with Pinus mugo, Duchekia
viridis, Juniperus sibirica, Rhododendron kotschyi
shrubs ranges from 1300—1550 m a.s.l. in Gorga-
ny Mts and Chornogora massif.
The alpine belt ranges from 1800—1850 m a.s.l.
in Chornogora massif. It is dominanted by high-
mountain grassland with Festuca supina, Carex sem-
pervirens, Juncus trifidus.
Mach smaller Crimean mountains along the
Black See in the Crimean peninsula, an extraordi-
nary rich in floristic sense have three vegetation
belt different in southern and northern slopes. The
southern macroslopes of Crimean Mountains cha-
racterized of the three vegetation belts:
1. The lower submediterranean belt (up 400 m)
of hemixerophitic Quercus pubescens forests, with
Juniperus exelsa and Pistacia mutica;
2. The middle forest belt (400—800 m ) of me-
sexerophyte and xeromsophyte woods with Pinus
pallasiana and of Quercus petraea;
3. The upper forest belt (800—1300 m) of Fagus
sylvatica and Pinus kochiana.
The northern macroslope supports a different
group of plant communities:
1. The lower forest belt (up 400 m) is covered by
Quercus pubescens and steppe with domination of
Stipa and Festuca species;
2. The middle forest belt (400—800 m) with
temperate broad-leaf forest (Quercus petraea, Car-
pinus betulus, C. orientallis, Fraxinus exelcior);
3. The upper forest belt (800—1300 m) with
prevailing of beech Fagus sylvatica.
The Quaternary glaciations determined the cur-
rent flora of Ukraine. The uplands of Ukraine were
refuges for some species during glaciation. Many
relict species (Daphne sophia Kalen., D. cneorum
L., Euonymus nana Bieb., Staphylea pinnata L.,
Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz., Rhododendron lu-
teum Sweet., Gymnospermium odessanum (D. C.)
Takht.) remain to our days in these refuges. The
old Tertiary flora of Ukraine was destroyed during
glacial time. Some species have survived in Ukraine
possibly from the older Pleistocene and they rep-
resent glacial relicts Aconitum lasiocarpum (Rchb.)
Gayer, A. moldavicum Hacq., Alnus incana (L.)
Willd., Betula humilis Schrank., Crocus heuffeli-
anus Herb., Linnaea borealis L., Sa lix lapponum L.,
S. myrtilloides L., Woodsia ilwensis R. Br. are
among them [8].
Nine percents of species of vascular plants of
Ukraine are endemics. The richest centers of plant
diversity of Ukraine are mountain regions: Crime-
an Mountains, occupying only 1.2 % territory of
Ukraine, occurs 2400 species of vascular plants,
and Carpathian Mountains occupying 15 % terri-
tory of Ukraine, with 2050 species. Both moun-
tain regions are characterized by high endemism.
19ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2015, № 2
Plant conservation in situ and ex situ in Ukraine
There are 240 endemic species in the flora of
Crimean Mountains, and 133 endemic species in
the flora of Ukrainian Carpathians [3]. The are
many narrow endemics, known from single locali-
ties, for example, Lepidium turczaninowii Lipsky
endemic of Crimean Mountains. It is known only
from one locality in the vicinity of Feodosia town
in extreme east of Crimean Mountains by the
shore of Black See. This local population accounts
to 5000 individuals only.
Some endemic species of Ukraine and adjacent
territories are tertiary relicts. Unical shrub spe-
cies Daphne sophia, known from 20 localities
from Mid dle-Russian Upland (Ukraine, Russia);
Syringa josikala J. Jacq. ex Rchb., known from
32 localities from Eastern and Southern Carpathi-
ans (Ukraine, Romania) are among its. There are
some rare species of Ukraine, not endemics, ab-
sent in others region of Europe represent Spiran-
thes sinensis (Persl.) Ames, known from one local-
ity in Lviv region of Ukraine, has large distribution
in Asiatic part of area [7, 8].
826 species of plant and mushrooms are included
in Red Data Book of Ukraine [4]: 611 species of
vascular plants, 46 species of mosses, 60 species of
algae, 52 species of lichens and 51 of mushrooms.
The history of plant conservation in Ukraine
goes back to 1886, when first Ukrainian natural
reserve was founded for protection of the virgin
beech forest in Podolian Upland. Famous steppe
reserve Askania-Nova was founded in 1889. The
Natural Reserve fund of Ukraine consists of about
77 400 objects cupying around 5.7 % of the terri-
tory of Ukraine and include 17 reserves, 4 bio-
sphere reserves, 23 national natural parks, 305 re-
serves of national importance with 2997 monu-
ments of nature of state level. Small protected
territories occupied 80 % by quantity from all pro-
tected areas.
The most of the small protected areas are used
as a good reserves to protected rare and threatened
species of plants. 77 rare species including in Red
Data Book of Ukraine are protected only in small
areas. There are Selaginella helvetica (L.) Spring.,
S. selaginoides (L.) Beauv. ex Mart. et Shrank.,
Woodsia ilwensis (L.) R. Br., Aconitum besserianum
Andrz., Aquilegia transilvanica Shur, Delphinium
elatum L, Gymnospermium odessanum (DC)Tacht.,
Androsace kozo-poljanski Ovcz, Cyclamen coum
Mill. s. l., Daphne sophia, D. taurica Kotov, Spiraea
polonica Blocki, Doronicum hungaricum Rchb. f.,
Leontopodium alpinum Gass., Ligularia sibirica
Cass., Colchicum fominii Bordz., Eremerus specta-
bilis M. Bieb s.l., Galanthus elwesii Hook. f., Leu-
cojum aestivum L., L. vernum L., Iris pineticola
Klokov. Protected areas occupy 5,7 % territory of
Ukraine. It is a very low index for country with
high plant diversity. As a result, only 2/3 of plant
species from Red Data Book of Ukraine [4], are
under protection in situ.
Crimean mountains along the Black Sea in the
Crimean peninsula, an extraordinarily rich in flo-
ristic sense, has one of the best net of protected
territories in Europe, including six reserves (Ka-
radage, Krimskij, Mis Martyan, Jaltinskij, Ka-
zantypskij, Opukskij and 179 small protected ar-
eas. For regret, now Crimean peninsula under
Russian occupation is a grey spot in geographical
maps. In such circumstance plant protected ter-
ritories in peninsula are required protection and
monitoring from international organization, such
as Planta Europa.
Now Ukraine has good perspective to improve
the net of protect areas by mean of organization
reserves and national parks in hunting territories
of former president V. Yanukovich.
Yet in 1956 famous Ukrainian botanist S.S. Khar-
kevich [2], proposed to organize ex situ plant pro-
tection in botanical gardens of Ukraine. In 1970
this initiative was put into effect and first in Uk-
raine plot of rare and endangered plants was
opened in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical
Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Uk-
raine in Kyiv. Now each of 31 Ukrainian botani-
cal gardens has collection of rare and endangered
species.
According to Target 8 of the Global Strategy for
Plant Conservation adopted by the Convention on
Biological Diversity (2002), 60 % of threatened
plant species should be accessible in ex situ collec-
tions, preferably in country of origin [10]. About
81% of species from Red Data Book of Ukraine
[4] are represented in collections of rare and en-
dangered plants in Ukrainian botanical gardens.
20 ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2015, № 2
V.I. Melnyk
The largest centre of ex situ plant protection in
Ukraine is M.M. Gryshko National Botanical
Garden of National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine in Kyiv. Into its collections of rare and
endangered plants 136 species from Red Data
Book of Ukraine [4] are included. Special aim of
creation of this collection was to represent the
plants with high risk of extinction in natural habi-
tats. So far, as a great value has the narrow endem-
ics of Ukraine, species known from single locali-
ties in Ukraine and from margins of areas. They
are represented in living collection (Euphorbia
wolhynica Besser ex Racib., Lonicera caerulea L.,
Iris germanica L., Aconitum lasiocarpum (Rchb.)
Gayer, Galanthus plicatus M. Bieb., G. elwesii
Hook., Fritillaria montana Hoppe).
In M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden
in Kyiv rare and endangered species are repre-
sented not only in plot ‘Rare and endange red spe-
cies of Ukraine’, but also in phytogeogra phical
plots “Forest of lowland part of Uk raine”, “Steppe
of Ukraine”, “Ukrainian Carpathians”, and “Cri-
mean Mountains”, “Caucasus”, “Midle Asia”,
“Altai Mountains”, “Far East” occupying 52 ha.
These plots are little copies of Ukrainian and
Euro pean landscape ecosystems, where the diver-
sity of forest and steppe vegetation of Ukraine are
represented. The 60-years old cultivated forest
and steppe phytocoenoses are very similar to na-
tural Ukrainian forest and steppe communities.
Collection of living plants in phytogeographical
plots consists of 1178 species of Ukrainian flora,
and floras of adjacent territories, and include
many rare and endangered species.
Important aspect of ex situ plant protection is
modeling the population of rare and endangered
species. Unique 60 years cultivated forests and
steppe phytocoenoses in M.M. Gryshko National
Botanical Garden are suitable habitats for many
rare and endangered species of Ukrainian flora.
Rare forest species of Ukrainian flora — Galanthus
nivalis L., G. elwesii, G. plicatus, Erythronium dens-
canis L., Euonymus na na, Leucojum vernum L., Lu-
naria rediviva L., Tulipa qu ercetorum Klokov et Zoz.
and rare steppe species Adonis vernalis L., Paeonia
tenuifolia L. formed, during many years, stable in-
troduced populations with homeostatic age struc-
ture. The populations are very similar in age struc-
ture to populations of these species in natural
habitats [3].
The achievements of M.M. Gryshko National
Botanical Garden are an evidence of perspectives
for plant populations modeling in cultivated forest
and steppe communities for protection of floristic
diversity ex situ. Special attention is given to plant
reintroduction. Dianthus hypanicus Andrz. and
Silene hypanica Klokov. were reintroduced from
botanical garden to former natural habitats in the
slopes of Southern Bug river in Mykolaivskiy re-
gion. Now populations of recovered species oc-
cupy large place in National Park Busky Hard in
south of Ukraine.
Plant protection in Ukraine is a part of Pan-
european biodiversity conservation. Evidantly,
rare species of European importance are priority
species for protection in Ukraine and every Euro-
pean country. So far as, the composition of Euro-
pean Red Lists is very difficult goal, so far as Euro-
pean flora is rich and different conception con-
serning extend of biological species. In this
connection many rare endemic species of Ukraine
flora are absent in “European Red List of Global-
ly Threatened Animals and Plants” [5]. Some en-
demic plant species of Ukraine and adjacent ter-
ritories (such us Achillea glabertima Klok., Colchi-
cum fominii Bordz., Daphne sophia Kalen., Dian-
thus hy panicus Andrz., Diplotaxis cretacea Kotov.,
Genista tatragona Bess., Lepidium turczaninowii
Lipski, Pulsatilla grandis Wenter., Syringa josikala
J. Jacq. ex Rchb.) are present in “European Red
List of Vascular Plants” [6]. For regret this list has
many mistakes and blunders. Including to Euro-
pean Red List many weed plants with large ranges
and aggressive bechavior, such as, Armoratia rusti-
cana Gaertn., Mey. et Kit, Festuca oviana L., Me-
lilottus albus Medik., M. officinalis (L.) Pall., Ra-
nunculus flammula L., R. repens L., Raphanus ra-
phanistrum L., Urtica dioica L., many common
hydrophilous plants, such as Alisma plantago-
aquatica L., Lemna minor L., Lythrum salicaria L.,
Phragmites austrialis (Gav.) Trin. ex Stend., Typha
angustifolia L., and ignoring many rare species,
destroyed the idea of plant conservation in all. In
such circumstances improvement of “European
21ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2015, № 2
Plant conservation in situ and ex situ in Ukraine
Red List” is very actual problem for plant conser-
vation in Paneuropean level.
1. Геоботанічне районуваня Української РСР / [Відп.
ред. А.І. Барбарич]. — К. : Наук. думка, 1977. — 304 с.
2. Котов М.І. Охорона природи в Українській РСР
і завдання ботаніків / М.І. Котов, С.С. Харке-
вич // Укр. ботан. журн. — 1956. — Т. 13, № 2. —
С. 3—14.
3. Мельник В.И. Редкие виды флоры равнинных
лесов Украины / В.И. Мельник. — К. : Фіто со ціо-
центр, 2000. — 212 с.
4. Червона книга України. Рослинний світ / За ред.
Я.П. Дідуха. — К. : Глобалколсалтинг, 2009. — 900 с.
5. European Red List of Globally Threatened Animals and
Plants. — New-York : United Nations, 1991. — 154 p.
6. European Red List of Vascular Plants. — Luxembourg:
Publications Office of the European Union, 2011. —
130 p.
7. Melnyk V.I. Distribution and plant communities of
Daphne cneorum and Daphne sophia in Ukraine /
V.I. Melnyk // Thaiszia. — 1996. — Vol. 6, N 1-2. —
P. 46—66.
8. Melnyk V.I. Plain forests of Ukraine: unique habitats
for rare plant species Commarmot B., Hamor F.D.
(eds.): Natural Forests in Temperate Zone of Europe. —
Values and Utilisation. Conference 13—17 October
2003, Dirmensdorf, Swise Federal Research Institute. —
P. 435–439.
9. Melnyk V. Ex situ plant conservation in Ukraine //
Planta Europa. Action for wild plants. — Krakow,
2014. — P. 109–112.
10. Sharrock S., Jones M. Conserving Europe’s threatened
plants. Progress towards Tagred 8 the Global Strategy
for Plant Conservaton. — BGCI, Kew, UK, 2009.
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1. Barbarich, A. (ed.) (1977), Geobotanical subdivision
of Ukrainian SSR. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 304 p.
2. Kotov, M.I. and Kharkevich, S.S. (1956), Protection of
the nature in Ukrainian SSR and task for botanists.
Botanichnyi Journal, 13(2), pp. 3–14.
3. Melnyk, V.I. (2000), Rare species of the flora of low-
land forests of Ukraine. Kyiv: Fitosoziocenter, 212 p.
4. Diduh, Ja. (ed.) (2009), Red Data Book of Ukraine.
Kyiv: Globalconsalting, 912 p.
5. European Red List of Globally Threatened Animals and
Plants (1991). New-York: United Nations, 154 p.
6. European Red List of Vascular Plants (2011). Luxem-
burg: Publication Office of European Union, 130 p.
7. Melnyk, V.I. (1996), Distribution and plant communi-
ties of Daphne cneorum and Daphne sophia in Uk raine,
Thaiszia, 6, pp. 46—66.
8. Melnyk, V.I. (2005), Plain forests of Ukraine: unique
habitats for rare plant species. In Commarmot B.,
Hamor F.D. (eds.): Natural Forests in Temperate Zone
of Europe. Values and Utilisation. Conference 13—17
October 2003, Dirmensdorf, Swise Federal Research
Institute, pp. 435–439.
9. Melnyk, V. (2014), Ex situ plant conservation in Uk-
raine// Planta Europa. Action for wild plants. Krakow,
pp. 109–112.
10. Sharrock, S. and Jones, M. (2009), Conserving Eu-
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Рекомендував до друку П.А. Мороз
Надійшла до редакції 14.01.2015 р.
В.І. Мельник
Національний ботанічний сад
ім. М.М. Гришка НАН України,
Україна, м. Київ
ОХОРОНА РОСЛИН
IN SITU ТА EX SITU В УКРАЇНІ
Україна характеризується різноманіттям природної
флори. Флора України — одна з найбагатших в Євро-
пі, вона включає 4523 види судинних рослин. Площа
країни становить 5,7 % території Європи. У флорі
України представлено 37 % європейських вищих су-
динних рослин. 9 % видів — ендеміки флори України,
611 видів судинних рослин занесено до Червоної
книги України. До складу природоохоронного фонду
входять 7790 об’єктів, які займають площу близько
5,7 % території України. Нині в країні поліпшується
мережа природоохоронних територій. У всіх ботаніч-
них садах України проводиться робота з охорони
рослин ex situ. До складу колекції рідкісних та зника-
ючих видів рослин Національного ботанічного саду
ім. М.М. Гришка НАН України входять 136 видів, за-
несених до Червоної книги України. Моделювання
популяцій рідкісних та зникаючих видів у штучно
створених лісових та степових фітоценозах — оригі-
нальний метод їх охорони in situ та ex situ.
Ключові слова: охорона рослин, флора, популяція,
рідкісні та зникаючі види, Україна.
22 ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2015, № 2
V.I. Melnyk
В.И. Мельник
Национальный ботанический сад им. Н.Н. Гришко
НАН Украины, Украина, г. Киев
ОХРАНА РАСТЕНИЙ
IN SITU И EX SITU В УКРАИНЕ
Украина характеризуется значительным разнообра-
зием природной флоры. Флора Украины — одна из
наиболее богатых в Европе, она включает 4523 вида
сосудистых растений. Площадь страны составляет
5,7 % территории Европы. Во флоре Украины пред-
ставлены 37 % европейских высших сосудистых рас-
тений. 9 % видов — эндемики флоры Украины, 611
ви дов сосудистых растений включены в Красную
книгу Украины. В состав природоохранного фонда
входят 7790 объектов, занимающих площадь около
5,7 % территории Украины. Сейчас в стране улуч-
шается сеть природоохранных территорий. Во всех
ботанических садах Украины ведется работа по охра-
не растений ex situ. Коллекция редких и исчезающих
видов растений Национального ботанического сада
им. Н.Н. Гришко НАН Украины состоит из 136 видов,
занесенных в Красную книгу Украины. Моделирова-
ние популяций редких и исчезающих видов в искус-
ственных лесных и степных фитоценозах — ориги-
нальный метод их охраны in situ и ex situ.
Ключевые слова: охрана растений, флора, популяция,
редкие и исчезающие виды, Украина.
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| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-188 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:40:19Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/79/5056952f5f7e16d8f4b66c01e8408679.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1882019-11-11T08:12:52Z Plant conservation in situ and ex situ in Ukraine Охорона рослин in situ та ex situ в Україні Melnyk, V.I. Ukraine is characterized by high diversity of wild flora. Flora of Ukraine is one of the richest in Europe and includes 4523 species of vascular plants. Ukraine occupies 5.7 % of area of Europe and it contains 37 % of European vascular plants. 9 % of species of vascular plants of Ukraine are endemics. There are 611 species of vascular plants in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. The nature reserves funds of Ukraine included around 7790 objects, occuping around 5.7 % territory of Ukraine. Now Ukraine has a good perspective for improving the net of protected areas. All botanical gardens in Ukraine are involved in ex situ conservation of plants. The collection of rare and endangered species in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine harbors 136 species included in Red Data Book. Modeling of the populations of rare and endangered species in artificial forest and steppe communities is an original method of ex situ plant conservation. Україна характеризується різноманіттям природної флори. Флора України – одна з найбагатших в Європі, вона включає 4523 види судинних рослин. Площа країни становить 5,7 % території Європи. У флорі України представлено 37 % європейських вищих судинних рослин. 9 % видів – ендеміки флори України, 611 видів судинних рослин занесено до Червоної книги України. До складу природоохоронного фонду входять 7790 об’єктів, які займають площу близько 5,7 % території України. Нині в країні поліпшується мережа природоохоронних територій. У всіх ботанічних садах України проводиться робота з охорони рослин ex situ. До складу колекції рідкісних та зникаючих видів рослин Національного ботанічного саду ім. М.М. Гришка НАН України входять 136 видів, занесених до Червоної книги України. Моделювання популяцій рідкісних та зникаючих видів у штучно створених лісових та степових фітоценозах – оригінальний метод їх охорони in situ та ex situ. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2015-06-01 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/188 10.5281/zenodo.2526944 Plant Introduction; Vol 66 (2015); 17-22 Інтродукція Рослин; Том 66 (2015); 17-22 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.5281/zenodo.3377719 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/188/177 Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Melnyk, V.I. Охорона рослин in situ та ex situ в Україні |
| title | Охорона рослин in situ та ex situ в Україні |
| title_alt | Plant conservation in situ and ex situ in Ukraine |
| title_full | Охорона рослин in situ та ex situ в Україні |
| title_fullStr | Охорона рослин in situ та ex situ в Україні |
| title_full_unstemmed | Охорона рослин in situ та ex situ в Україні |
| title_short | Охорона рослин in situ та ex situ в Україні |
| title_sort | охорона рослин in situ та ex situ в україні |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/188 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT melnykvi plantconservationinsituandexsituinukraine AT melnykvi ohoronaroslininsitutaexsituvukraíní |