Варіабельність морфологічних параметрів та визначення летких речовин плодів генотипів каштана посівного (Castanea sativa Mill.)
Objective – to select the best genotypes of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) by morphological properties and to investigate of the qualitative and quantitative content of volatile organic compounds in fruits of the collection of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Mat...
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2018
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| author | Grygorieva, O.V. Klymenko, S.V. Teslyuk, M.G. Onyschuk, L.M. |
| author_facet | Grygorieva, O.V. Klymenko, S.V. Teslyuk, M.G. Onyschuk, L.M. |
| author_sort | Grygorieva, O.V. |
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| datestamp_date | 2019-11-11T08:15:12Z |
| description | Objective – to select the best genotypes of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) by morphological properties and to investigate of the qualitative and quantitative content of volatile organic compounds in fruits of the collection of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine.
Material and methods. There was investigated the 28 genotypes of 30-yea-rold plants that were introduced by seeds from Czech Republic, Carpathians, Kyrgyzstan. Morphometric measurments were conducted: fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit thickness, hilum length, hilum width. The investigation of the volatiles was conducted by the method of Chernohorod and Vinohradov (2006) using cromatographymass spectrometry. Basic statistical analyses were performed using PAST 2.17. Hierarchical cluster analyses of similarity between genotypes were computed on the basis of the Bray-Curtis similarity index. Variability of all these parameters was evaluated using descriptive statistics. Level of variability determined by Stehíková (1998). Correlation between traits was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results. Morphometric parameters were following: weight of fruits from 1.70 to 18.60 g, length – from 8.07 to 33.39 mm, width – from 16.34 to 40.95 mm, thickness – from 9.02 to 28.70 mm and hilum length – from 6.62 to 31.30 mm, hilum width – from 6.50 to 19.99 mm. Index of fruit shape and hilum was determined in range from 0.81 to 0.98 and from 1.48 to 2.03 respectively. During the analysis of qualitative composition and quantitative content of volatiles of fruits from the 2 selected genotypes 74 compounds were detected, and 27 compounds among them were identified. Identified compounds belong to hydrocarbons, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and their ethers, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes.
Conclusions. Genotypes of seed origin were quite variable. They differ by weight, shape, size and color of fruits. The high level of variation was refered to important selection feature such as mass of fruits, which says about promising of process of selection on this direction. The most genotypes have a small mass of fruits, but certain genotypes characterized by higher sign of fruit mass. The hilum has a various shape and size that can be a diagnostic feature of cultivar characteristic. The outcome of the research points to the fact that the collection of Castanea sativa is a rich source of genetic diversity and might be used in selection for creation of new genotypes and cultivars. Investigated plants are promising raw for future pharmacognostic researches. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5281/zenodo.2230370 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:39:01Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
74 ISSN 16056574. Інтродукція рослин, 2018, № 2
UDC 582.632.2: 581.4+543.631
O.V. GRYGORIEVA, S.V. KLYMENKO, M.G. TESLYUK, L.M. ONYSCHUK
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Ukraine, 01014 Kyiv, Timiryazevska Str., 1
VARIABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
AND DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OF SWEET CHESTNUT (CASTANEA SATIVA MILL.) GENOTYPES FRUITS
Objective — to select the best genotypes of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) by morphological properties and to investigate
of the qualitative and quantitative content of volatile organic compounds in fruits of the collection of M.M. Gryshko National
Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine.
Material and methods. There was investigated the 28 genotypes of 30yearold plants that were introduced by seeds from
Czech Republic, Carpathians, Kyrgyzstan. Morphometric measurments were conducted: fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width,
fruit thickness, hilum length, hilum width. The investigation of the volatiles was conducted by the method of Chernohorod and
Vinohradov (2006) using cromatographymass spectrometry. Basic statistical analyses were performed using PAST 2.17. Hier
archical cluster analyses of similarity between genotypes were computed on the basis of the BrayCurtis similarity index. Vari
ability of all these parameters was evaluated using descriptive statistics. Level of variability determined by Stehl � kov � (1998).
Correlation between traits was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results. Morphometric parameters were following: weight of fruits from 1.70 to 18.60 g, length — from 8.07 to 33.39 mm,
width — from 16.34 to 40.95 mm, thickness — from 9.02 to 28.70 mm and hilum length — from 6.62 to 31.30 mm, hilum
width — from 6.50 to 19.99 mm. Index of fruit shape and hilum was determined in range from 0.81 to 0.98 and from 1.48 to
2.03 respectively. During the analysis of qualitative composition and quantitative content of volatiles of fruits from the 2 se
lected genotypes 74 compounds were detected, and 27 compounds among them were identified. Identified compounds belong to
hydrocarbons, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and their ethers, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes.
Conclusions. Genotypes of seed origin were quite variable. They differ by weight, shape, size and color of fruits. The high
level of variation was refered to important selection feature such as mass of fruits, which says about promising of process of se
lection on this direction. The most genotypes have a small mass of fruits, but certain genotypes characterized by higher sign of
fruit mass. The hilum has a various shape and size that can be a diagnostic feature of cultivar characteristic.
The outcome of the research points to the fact that the collection of Castanea sativa is a rich source of genetic diversity and
might be used in selection for creation of new genotypes and cultivars. Investigated plants are promising raw for future pharma
cognostic researches.
Key words: sweet chestnuts, ForestSteppe of Ukraine, fruits, morphometric parameters, variability, volatile compounds.
© O.V. GRYGORIEVA, S.V. KLYMENKO,
M.G. TESLYUK, L.M. ONYSCHUK, 2018
Introduction
Less common fruit plants can bring significant
benefits to improve nutrition and health, creating
of conditions for the development of a regional
economy, creation of opportunities for the devel
opment of small and mediumsized agricultural
and processing enterprises, distribution and cul
tivation of new plant species and for the repro
duction of natural resources, for practical use in
bio energetic, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other
purposes. Species that belong to these important
plants are Cornus mas L. [25, 41], Cydonia oblonga
Mill., Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid. [26], Zizi
phus jujuba Mill. [19, 29], Morus nigra L. [8], Dio
spyros spp. [24].
Chestnut (Castanea Mill.) has been placed in
the Fagaceae family. In total, 13 Castanea species
are recognized and are native to the temperate
zone of the Northern Hemisphere; five in East
Asia, seven in North America and one in Europe
[12]. The most important of them are: Castanea
sativa Mill. (Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa),
C. dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. (USA), Castanea mol
lissima Blume and C. crenata Sieb. et Zucc. (East
ern Asia). Castanea sativa (sweet chestnuts) is the
75ISSN 16056574. Інтродукція рослин, 2018, № 2
Variability of morphological parameters and determination of volatile organic compounds of sweet chestnut...
most consumed [14]. Castanea sativa fruits are
eaten in fresh, baked, boild, dried and smoked.
Various dishes include fruits of this plant as an in
gredient. Also, fruits processed into the flour. It
has been used for cooking of cakes, icecr� me,
sweets and other confectionery. Sweet chestnuts
posses many characteristics that are used by hu
man for different purposes, not only as a part of
the food. One of them is the utilization of the
sweet chesnut pollen for its pharmacological ben
efits [23].
Fruits Castanea sativa rich in carbohydrates and
is a good source of essential fatty acids [26], min
erals contents [8, 21], vitamins C and E [20, 46]
organic acids [36], polyphenols [33]. From Casta
nea sativa fruits identified a new pyrrole alkaloid,
methyl(5formyl1Hpyrrole2yl)4hydroxy
butyrate [1]. Cooked chestnuts are a good source
of organic acids and phenolics and have low fat
contents, properties that are associated with posi
tive health benefits [27].
There are many authors who have been re
searching phenotypic diversity among various lo
cal populations of sweet chestnut in Italy [5, 30],
France [11], Portugal [18], Spain [4, 38], Greece
[2], Turkey [15, 37], Romania [9], Slovenia [42],
Slovak Republic [39], Czech Republic [17], Bos
nia and Herzegovina [32], Iran [7] and India [45].
This researches form basis for the selection of the
best types from natural populations of sweet chest
nut [10]. Most of the chestnut cultivars, used in
commercial production, were obtained with se
lection studies from natural chestnut populations
[15, 45].
The aim of this study was to select the best geno
types of Castanea sativa by morphological proper
ties and to investigate of the qualitative and quanti
tative content of volatile organic compounds in
fruits of the collection of M.M. Gryshko National
Botanical Garden of the NAS of Uk raine.
Material and methods
Locating trees and data collection
The objects of the research were 30yearold plants
of sweet chestnut from seed origin, which are grow
ing in ForestSteppe of Ukraine in M.M. Grysh ko
National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
(NBG). Seeds were brought from Czech, Carpa
thians, Kyrgyzstan [31]. They are well adapt ed to
the climatic and soil conditions. Observations on
the collection’s forms of sweet chestnut in the pe
riod of 2013—2015 were performed during mass
fruiting. We have described 28 genotypes (referred
as CS01 to CS28) of sweet chestnut. In autumn,
when the nuts began to fall, a sample of 1 kg with
burrs was collected from the marked trees. The
harvest time was recorded.
Morphometric characteristics
Pomological characteristics were conducted
with four replications on a total 30 nuts per geno
types. In the study only one plant (tree) used for
per genotype. The following measurements were
taken: fruit length (FL), in mm, fruit weight (FS),
in g, fruit thickness (FT), in mm, fruit width
(FW), in mm and hilum length (HL), in mm,
hilum width (HW), in mm. The measurements
were made in each nut element as shown in Fig. 1.
Data, we are working with, were tested for normal
distribution.
Volatile compounds analysis
The investigation of the volatiles was conduct
ed at the National Institute of Viticulture and
Wine “Magarach” by the method of Chernogorod
Fig. 1. Variability in the shape of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) fruits
76 ISSN 16056574. Інтродукція рослин, 2018, № 2
O.V. Grygorieva, S.V. Klymenko, M.G. Teslyuk, L.M. Onyschuk
and Vinohradov (2006) [22]. The volatiles were
investigated by the method of chromatography
mass spectrometry using the chromatograph Agi
lent Technologies 6890 N with the mass spectro
metric detector 5973 N (USA) and a capillary
column DB5 lenght is 30 mm and an internal di
ameter is 0.25 mm. The carrier gas velocity (He
lium) was 1.2 ml/min. The ingector heater tem
perature was 250 °C. The temperature of ter
mostate was programed from 50 °C to 320 °C at
the speed 4 °C. The mas spectra library NIST 05
WILEY 2007 with 470,000 spectra and AMDIS,
NIST programs were used to identificate the in
vestigated compounds. The identification was
conducted by comparing obtained mas spectra to
mas spectra of standarts. The method of internal
standart used to determine the quantitative con
tent of compounds.
Statistical analyses
Basic statistical analyses were performed using
PAST 2.17; hierarchical cluster analyses of simi
larity between phenotypes were computed on the
basis of the BrayCurtis similarity index. The vari
ability of all these parameters was evaluated using
descriptive statistics. Level of variability was deter
mined by Stehlikova (1998) [44]. Correlation be
tween traits was determined using the Pearson
correlation coefficient.
Results and discussion
The weight of the whole fruit is one of significant
production characteristics of plant species. Fur
ther important features of the fruit are shape, size
and color. These characteristics of the sweet chest
nut fruit varied significantly. The images of sweet
chestnut fruits of various genotypes are shown on
Fig. 1. High variability of the size, shape and color
of these fruits are evident.
The weight of sweet chestnut fruits of present
study was in the range of 1.70 to 20.0 g (Table 1).
Coefficient of variation was 45.92 %, which shows
a very high degree of variability of fruit weight.
Significant differences in fruit weight were reaf
firmed a lot of authors from different countries.
The fruit weight was determined in range from
2.98 to 6.07 g by Aravanopoulos et al. (2001) [6],
from 2.94 to 13.40 g by Bolvansky et al. (2012)
[39], from 3.50 to 18.60 g by Solar et al. (2005)
[43], from 4.32 to 6.67 g by Muji� et al. (2010)
[32], from 4.80 to 10.60 g by Odalovic et al. (2013)
[35], from 9.00 to 15.00 g by PereiraLorenzo et
al. (1996) [38], from 9.41 to 16.60 g by Borghetti
et al. (1986) [30], from 10.26 to 39.73 g by Ormeci
et al. (2016) [37]. Data comparison shows a high
consistency with our results.
The fruit length in our analyses was determined
in the range of 8.07 to 33.39 mm (Table 1). The
value of the coefficient of variation was 13.74 %,
which documented medium degree of variability
of the character within the collection. The fruit
length was determined in range from 16.41 to
27.75 mm [39], from 19.10 to 24.90 mm [6], from
19.60 to 30.60 mm [35], from 20.00 to 37.00 mm
[43], from 20.45 to 24.89 mm [32], from 24.80 to
32.70 mm [38], from 25.80 to 31.40 mm [4], from
30.39 to 34.31 mm [15]. In case of data compari
son tested genotypes from Ukraine have low val
ues on this characteristic.
In our experiments the fruit width was deter
mined in the range of 16.34 to 40.95 mm (Table 1).
The variation coefficient (14.98 %) confirmed
medium degree of variability within the collec
tion. The fruit width was determined in range from
12.00 mm [43] to 42.47 mm [37].
In evaluated genotypes we determined the fruit
thickness in the range of 9.02 to 28.70 mm (Table 1).
The value of the coefficient of variation was 20.57 %,
which documents a high degree of variability of
the characteristic within the collection. The fruit
Table 1. The variability of some morphometric
characteristics of fruits for the whole collection of sweet
chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) genotypes from Kyiv
Characteristic n min max x
�
V%
Fruit weight, g 840 1.70 20.0 6.85 45.92
Fruit length, mm 840 8.07 33.39 23.74 13.74
Fruit width, mm 840 16.34 40.95 26.52 14.98
Fruit thickness, mm 840 9.02 28.70 16.62 20.57
Hilum length, mm 840 6.62 31.30 21.15 19.58
Hilum width, mm 840 6.50 19.99 12.24 20.66
Note: n — number of measurements; min, max — minimal
and maximal measured values; x� — arithmetic mean; V% —
coefficient of variation.
77ISSN 16056574. Інтродукція рослин, 2018, № 2
Variability of morphological parameters and determination of volatile organic compounds of sweet chestnut...
thickness was determined in range from 10.80 mm
[6] to 27.29 mm [32].
Hilum length was identified in range from 6.62
mm to 31.30 mm (Table 1). The value of the coef
ficient of variation documented a high degree of
variability of these characteristic. The hilum length
was determined in range 12.00—32.00 mm [43],
12.90—14.50 mm [6], 19.00—31.00 mm [35].
Hilum width was identified in range from
6.50—19.99 mm (Table 1). The value of the coef
ficient of variation documented a high degree of
variability of these characteristic. The hilum width
was determined in range from 6.00 mm [6] to
16.00 mm [32, 43]. The comparison of previous
data shows high consistency with our results. Sig
nificant differences in morphometric characteris
tics were reaffirmed a lot of authors from different
countries.
The analysis of coefficient of variation showed
the difference of variability of morphological signs
between Castanea sativa samples. Data show ed
that the most variability of important selection
signs are the fruits weight — from 11.60 to 29.04 %.
The other characteristics are more or less stable
(Fig. 2).
The shape of each object can be characterized
by the shape index, i.e. the length to width ratio.
Fig. 3 represents the shape indexes of fruits and
hilum. The shape index of the fruits was found in
the range from 1.48 (CS04) to 2.03 (CS23), so
the genotype’s collection demonstrates significant
variability in the shape of the fruit, as seen in Fig.
1. The shape index of the hilum was found in the
range from 0.81 (CS20) to 0.98 (CS12). This
parameter can be used for the identification of the
genotypes.
The results of the analysis are given in Table 2.
Obtained data indicated high correlations (r =
= 0.63—0.94). Also, results document that be
tween specific characteristics exists positive rela
tionship which is very important in sweet chest
nut’s breeding.
The genetic relationship among the 28 geno
types was examined by cluster analysis. The figure
L
ev
el
o
f v
ar
ia
bi
li
ty
,
% 30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Fruit weight Fruit length Fruit width Fruit thickness Hilum length Hilum width
Fig. 2. Variability level according to the minimum and maximum means of a coefficient of
variation (CV) depending on morphological character of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa
Mill.) fruit
Table 2. The linear relationship between morphometric
characteristics of evaluated genotypes of sweet chestnut
(Castanea sativa Mill.)
Characteristic r sr
Confidence
interval r
95%
r2
FW/FL 0.85 1.60 0.70≤r≥0.93 0.73
FW/FS 0.92 1.38 0.83≤r≥0.96 0.85
FW/FT 0.91 1.13 0.83≤r≥0.96 0.84
FW/HL 0.68 2.48 0.42≤r≥0.84 0.47
FW/HW 0.67 1.58 0.39≤r≥0.83 0.45
HL/HW 0.94 0.69 0.88≤r≥0.97 0.89
FL/FS 0.94 1.20 0.87≤r≥0.97 0.88
FL/FT 0.82 1.63 0.64≤r≥0.91 0.67
FL/HL 0.70 2.43 0.44≤r≥0.85 0.49
FL/HW 0.63 1.64 0.34≤r≥0.81 0.40
FS/FT 0.90 1.19 0.80≤r≥0.95 0.82
FS/HL 0.80 2.00 0.62≤r≥0.90 0.65
FS/HW 0.74 1.42 0.51≤r≥0.87 0.55
FT/HL 0.78 2.13 0.57≤r≥0.89 0.61
FT/ТР 0.77 1.35 0.55≤r≥0.88 0.59
Note: r — Pearson’s correlation coefficient; sr — standard
error of the coefficient; r2 — coefficient of determination.
78 ISSN 16056574. Інтродукція рослин, 2018, № 2
O.V. Grygorieva, S.V. Klymenko, M.G. Teslyuk, L.M. Onyschuk
CS-01
CS-07
CS-03
CS-08
CS-05
CS-04
CS-20
CS-11
CS-19
CS-18
CS-16
CS-12
CS-24
CS-09
CS-23
CS-15
CS-13
CS-17
CS-10
CS-22
CS-02
CS-25
CS-21
CS-06
CS-28
CS-26
CS-27
CS-14
Genotypes
A
B
C
0.0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8.0 9.6 11.2 12.8
Fig. 4. Dendrogram of 28 genotypes of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) based on mor
phometric characteristics of fruits
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
C
S
-0
1
C
S
-0
2
C
S
-0
3
C
S
-0
4
C
S
-0
5
C
S
-0
6
C
S
-0
7
C
S
-0
8
C
S
-0
9
C
S
-1
0
C
S
-1
1
C
S
-1
2
C
S
-1
3
C
S
-1
4
C
S
-1
5
C
S
-1
6
C
S
-1
7
C
S
-1
8
C
S
-1
9
C
S
-2
0
C
S
-2
1
C
S
-2
2
C
S
-2
3
C
S
-2
4
C
S
-2
5
C
S
-2
6
C
S
-2
7
C
S
-2
8
Genotypes
Fruit
Hilum
Fig. 3. Comparison of tested sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) genotypes in the shape index of fruit and hilum
Average distance between clusters
S
h
ap
e
in
de
x
79ISSN 16056574. Інтродукція рослин, 2018, № 2
Variability of morphological parameters and determination of volatile organic compounds of sweet chestnut...
clearly identified significant differences between
tested sweet chestnut genotypes. Dendrogram has
showed 3 main groups (Fig. 4).
Eight of 28 genotypes were included in cluster
group A, 16 genotypes — in group B, 4 genotypes — in
group C. The group B had the highest mean for mor
phological characteristics (fruit weight, fruit length,
fruit width, fruit thickness, hilum length, hilum width),
that were significantly different with other groups.
The results of this assessment related to group C
had the lowest mean of morphological parameters.
Figure confirms the results from the evaluated varia
bility of morphometric characteris tics (Table 1).
Qualitative composition and quantitative con
tent of volatiles compounds of investigated objects
are represented in Fig. 5.
It was established that the fruits of CS11 geno
type contained 19 substances, among which were
identified 15 substances, genotypes CS20 — 28 and
22, respectively. Among them 11 compounds only
are common for investigated genotypes of sweet
chestnut. The identified components belong to
dif ferent chemical classes, including hydrocarbons,
aldehydes, carboxylic acids and their ethers, mo
no terpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes. Content
of volatile compounds was 469.6 (CS11) and 791.7
(CS20) mg per 1 kg. Bornilacetate (112.0 mg per
1 kg) and squalene (103.5 mg per 1 kg) prevailed in
fruits of CS11, in fruits of CS20 — squalene
(185.6 mg per 1 kg). Hexanal (48.30—52.50 %)
was the main aromatic composition as reported
Silvanini et al. (2014) [3]. Differences in volatile
compounds are mainly related to the cultivar [13].
By the data of Gounga et al. (2017) [16], 55 vola
tile organic major compounds were identified in
fresh roasted chestnut. Monoterpenes and deriva
tives of butane, pentane, hexane, and heptane
were identified as important aroma impact com
pounds by Krist et al. (2004) [47].
Conclusions
The results of the experiment, presented in this
work, are consistent with the results reported ear
lier. Evaluating of 28 genotypes of sweet chestnut
determined the weight of the fruits in the range
from 1.70 g (CS26) to 18.60 g (CS20), lenght
from 8.07 mm (CS28) to 33.39 mm (CS11),
width from 16.34 mm (CS28) to 40.95 mm (CS
11), thickness from 9.02 mm (CS26) to 28.70 mm
(CS11) and hilum length from 6.62 mm (CS26)
to 31.30 mm (CS07), hilum width from 6.50 mm
(CS23) to 19.99 mm (CS07). The results about
relationship between specific characteristics were
indicated as a high correlation (r = 0.63—0.94).
Also, presented results showed significant differ
ences in the evaluated characteristics.
In this study 27 volatile compounds in the fruits
of sweet chestnut were detected, which belong to
hydrocarbons, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and their
ethers, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes.
Bornilacetate and squalene are prevailed com
pounds in the fruits.
Obtained results are important for breeding new
varieties of sweet chestnut as well as their practical use.
0
50
100
150
200
Hydrocarbons Aldehyde Carboxylic acids
and their ethers
Monoterpenes
Sesquiterpenes
TriterpenesCS-11
CS-20
П
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Fig. 5. The volatiles compounds of fruits of selected genotypes of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), mg per 1 kg
C
on
te
n
t,
m
g
/
kg
80 ISSN 16056574. Інтродукція рослин, 2018, № 2
O.V. Grygorieva, S.V. Klymenko, M.G. Teslyuk, L.M. Onyschuk
This study is significant as first selection work in
Ukraine. Researches of adaptation studies will also be
required for the selected sweet chestnut genotypes.
The results of the study are helpful for under
standing the variability and attempting the selec
tion of superior desirable sweet chestnut acces
sions for bringing to commercial cultivation.
Investigated plants are promising raw for future
pharmacognostic researches.
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82 ISSN 16056574. Інтродукція рослин, 2018, № 2
O.V. Grygorieva, S.V. Klymenko, M.G. Teslyuk, L.M. Onyschuk
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Recommended by J. Brindza, O.M. Vergun
Received 29.12.2017
О.В. Григор’єва, С.В. Клименко,
М.Г. Теслюк, Л.М. Онищук
Національний ботанічний сад
імені М.М. Гришка НАН України,
Україна, м. Київ
ВАРІАБЕЛЬНІСТЬ МОРФОЛОГІЧНИХ
ПАРАМЕТРІВ ТА ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЛЕТКИХ
РЕЧОВИН ПЛОДІВ ГЕНОТИПІВ КАШТАНА
ПОСІВНОГО (CASTANEA SATIVA MILL.)
Мета — відібрати найкращі генотипи каштана посів
ного (Castanea sativa Mill.) за морфологічними показ
никами та вивчити якісний склад і кількісний вміст
летких речовин у плодах рослин з колекції Націо
нального ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН
України.
Матеріал і методи. Досліджено 28 генотипів 30річ
них рослин каштана посівного насінного походження
з Чехії, Карпат, Киргизстану. Вивчено морфометричні
показники (маса, довжина, ширина і товщина плоду,
довжина та ширина рубчика). Дослідження летких
речовин проводили за методикою Черногорода та Ви
ноградова (2006) з використанням хроматомасспект
рометрії. Статистичний аналіз виконували за допо
могою PAST 2.17. Ієрархічний кластерний аналіз по
дібності генотипів здійснено за індексом подібності
БрейКертіса. Варіабельність досліджених парамет
рів оцінено з використанням методів описової ста
тистики. Рівень варіабельності визначали за Stehlikova
(1998). Наявність зв’язків між параметрами встанов
лювали за коефіцієнтом кореляції Пірсона.
Результати. Виявлено варіабельність морфомет рич
них параметрів: маса плоду — від 1,70 до 18,60 г, довжи
на плоду — від 8,07 до 33,39 мм, ширина плоду — від
16,34 до 40,95 мм, товщина плоду — від 9,02 до 28,70 мм,
довжина рубчика — від 6,62 до 31,30 мм, ширина руб
чика — від 6,50 до 19,99 мм. Величина індексу форми
плодів та рубчика становила від 0,81 до 0,98 та від 1,48
до 2,03 відповідно. При аналізі складу та вмісту лет
ких речовин плодів двох відібраних генотипів виявле
но 74 речовини, з них ідентифіковано 27 сполук (вуг
леводні, альдегіди, карбонові кислоти та їх ефіри,
монотерпени, сесквитерпени, три терпени).
Висновки. Генотипи насінного походження з колекції
Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка
НАН України відрізняються за масою, формою, розмі
ром і кольором плодів. Найбільший рівень мінливості
виявлено у такої важливої для селекції ознаки, як
маса плоду, що свідчить про перспективність селекції
за цим показником. У більшості генотипів невелика
маса плодів, лише в деяких цей показник є високим.
Рубчик має різну форму та розмір, що можна вико
ристовувати як діагностичні ознаки для характерис
тики сорту. Результати дослідження свідчать про те,
що колекція каштана їстівного є джерелом генетич
ної різноманітності та може бути використана для
відбору і створення нових генотипів та сортів. Росли
ни каштана посівного — перспективний матеріал для
фармакогностичних досліджень.
Ключові слова: каштан посівний, Лісостеп України,
плоди, морфометричні параметри, мінливість.
О.В. Григорьева, С.В. Клименко,
М.Г. Теслюк, Л.Н. Онищук
Национальный ботанический сад
имени Н.Н. Гришко НАН Украины,
Украина, г. Киев
ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ
ПАРАМЕТРОВ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЛЕТУЧИХ
ВЕЩЕСТВ ПЛОДОВ ГЕНОТИПОВ КАШТАНА
ПОСЕВНОГО (CASTANEA SATIVA MILL.)
Цель — отобрать лучшие генотипы каштана посевно
го (Castanea sativa Mill.) по морфологическим показа
телям, изучить качественный состав и количествен
ное содержание летучих веществ в плодах растений
из коллекции Национального ботанического сада
имени Н.Н. Гришко НАН Украины.
Материал и методы. Исследованы 28 генотипов
30летних растений каштана посевного семенного
происхождения из Чехии, Карпат, Кыргызстана. Изу
чены морфометрические показатели (масса, длина,
ширина и толщина плода, длина и ширина рубчика).
Исследование летучих веществ проводили по мето
дике Черногорода и Виноградова (2006) с использо
ванием хроматомассспектрометрии. Статистический
анализ выполняли с помощью PAST 2.17. Ие рар хи
ческий кластерный анализ сходства между генотипа
ми осуществлен по индексу сходства БрейКертиса.
Вариабельность исследованных параметров оцени
вали с использованием методов описательной стати
стики. Уровень изменчивости определяли по Stehlikova
(1998). Наличие связей между параметрами устанав
ливали по коэффициенту корреляции Пирсона.
Результаты. Выявлена вареабельность морфомет
рических параметров: масса плода — от 1,70 до 18,60 г,
длина плода — от 8,07 до 33,39 мм, ширина плода —
от 16,34 до 40,95 мм, толщина плода — от 9,02 до
28,70 мм, длина рубчика — от 6,62 до 31,30 мм, шири
83ISSN 16056574. Інтродукція рослин, 2018, № 2
Variability of morphological parameters and determination of volatile organic compounds of sweet chestnut...
на рубчика — от 6,50 до 19,99 мм. Величина индекса
формы плодов и рубчика составляла от 0,81 до 0,98 и
от 1,48 до 2,03 соответственно. При анализе состава и
содержания летучих веществ плодов 2 отобранных
генотипов выявлены 74 вещества, из них идентифи
цированы 27 соединений (углеводороды, альдегиды,
карбоновые кислоты и их эфиры, монотерпены, сес
квитерпены, тритерпены).
Выводы. Генотипы семенного происхождения из
коллекции Национального ботанического сада име
ни Н.Н. Гришко НАН Украины отличаются по массе,
форме, размеру и цвету плодов. Наибольший уровень
изменчивости выявлен у такого важного для селек
ции признака, как масса плода, что свидетельствует
о перспективности селекции по этому показателю.
У большинства генотипов небольшая масса плодов,
лишь у некоторых этот показатель высокий. Рубчик
имеет разную форму и размер, что можно использо
вать как диагностические признаки для характерис
тики сорта. Результаты исследования свидетельст ву
ют о том, что коллекция каштана съедобного являет
ся источником генетического разнообразия и может
быть использована для отбора и создания новых ге
нотипов и сортов. Растения каштана посевного —
перспективный материал для фармакогностических
исследований.
Ключевые слова: каштан посевной, Лесостепь Украины,
плоды, морфометрические параметры, изменчивость.
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| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-28 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:39:01Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/fc/b17609ae1c520ecfef95f07d8ae855fc.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-282019-11-11T08:15:12Z Variability of morphological parameters and determination of volatile organic compounds of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) genotypes fruits Варіабельність морфологічних параметрів та визначення летких речовин плодів генотипів каштана посівного (Castanea sativa Mill.) Grygorieva, O.V. Klymenko, S.V. Teslyuk, M.G. Onyschuk, L.M. Objective – to select the best genotypes of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) by morphological properties and to investigate of the qualitative and quantitative content of volatile organic compounds in fruits of the collection of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Material and methods. There was investigated the 28 genotypes of 30-yea-rold plants that were introduced by seeds from Czech Republic, Carpathians, Kyrgyzstan. Morphometric measurments were conducted: fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit thickness, hilum length, hilum width. The investigation of the volatiles was conducted by the method of Chernohorod and Vinohradov (2006) using cromatographymass spectrometry. Basic statistical analyses were performed using PAST 2.17. Hierarchical cluster analyses of similarity between genotypes were computed on the basis of the Bray-Curtis similarity index. Variability of all these parameters was evaluated using descriptive statistics. Level of variability determined by Stehíková (1998). Correlation between traits was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results. Morphometric parameters were following: weight of fruits from 1.70 to 18.60 g, length – from 8.07 to 33.39 mm, width – from 16.34 to 40.95 mm, thickness – from 9.02 to 28.70 mm and hilum length – from 6.62 to 31.30 mm, hilum width – from 6.50 to 19.99 mm. Index of fruit shape and hilum was determined in range from 0.81 to 0.98 and from 1.48 to 2.03 respectively. During the analysis of qualitative composition and quantitative content of volatiles of fruits from the 2 selected genotypes 74 compounds were detected, and 27 compounds among them were identified. Identified compounds belong to hydrocarbons, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and their ethers, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes. Conclusions. Genotypes of seed origin were quite variable. They differ by weight, shape, size and color of fruits. The high level of variation was refered to important selection feature such as mass of fruits, which says about promising of process of selection on this direction. The most genotypes have a small mass of fruits, but certain genotypes characterized by higher sign of fruit mass. The hilum has a various shape and size that can be a diagnostic feature of cultivar characteristic. The outcome of the research points to the fact that the collection of Castanea sativa is a rich source of genetic diversity and might be used in selection for creation of new genotypes and cultivars. Investigated plants are promising raw for future pharmacognostic researches. Мета – відібрати найкращі генотипи каштана посівного (Castanea sativa Mill.) за морфологічними показниками та вивчити якісний склад і кількісний вміст летких речовин у плодах рослин з колекції Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України. Матеріал і методи. Досліджено 28 генотипів 30-річ-них рослин каштана посівного насінного походження з Чехії, Карпат, Киргизстану. Вивчено морфометричні показники (маса, довжина, ширина і товщина плоду, довжина та ширина рубчика). Дослідження летких речовин проводили за методикою Черногорода та Виноградова (2006) з використанням хромато-мас-спект-рометрії. Статистичний аналіз виконували за допомогою PAST 2.17. Ієрархічний кластерний аналіз подібності генотипів здійснено за індексом подібності Брей-Кертіса. Варіабельність досліджених параметрів оцінено з використанням методів описової статистики. Рівень варіабельності визначали за Stehlikova (1998). Наявність зв’язків між параметрами встановлювали за коефіцієнтом кореляції Пірсона. Результати. Виявлено варіабельність морфометрич-них параметрів: маса плоду – від 1,70 до 18,60 г, довжина плоду – від 8,07 до 33,39 мм, ширина плоду – від 16,34 до 40,95 мм, товщина плоду – від 9,02 до 28,70 мм, довжина рубчика – від 6,62 до 31,30 мм, ширина рубчика — від 6,50 до 19,99 мм. Величина індексу форми плодів та рубчика становила від 0,81 до 0,98 та від 1,48 до 2,03 відповідно. При аналізі складу та вмісту летких речовин плодів двох відібраних генотипів виявлено 74 речовини, з них ідентифіковано 27 сполук (вуглеводні, альдегіди, карбонові кислоти та їх ефіри, монотерпени, сесквитерпени, три терпени). Висновки. Генотипи насінного походження з колекції Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України відрізняються за масою, формою, розміром і кольором плодів. Найбільший рівень мінливості виявлено у такої важливої для селекції ознаки, як маса плоду, що свідчить про перспективність селекції за цим показником. У більшості генотипів невелика маса плодів, лише в деяких цей показник є високим. Рубчик має різну форму та розмір, що можна використовувати як діагностичні ознаки для характеристики сорту. Результати дослідження свідчать про те, що колекція каштана їстівного є джерелом генетичної різноманітності та може бути використана для відбору і створення нових генотипів та сортів. Рослини каштана посівного – перспективний матеріал для фармакогностичних досліджень. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2018-05-01 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/28 10.5281/zenodo.2230370 Plant Introduction; Vol 78 (2018); 74-83 Інтродукція Рослин; Том 78 (2018); 74-83 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.5281/zenodo.3377684 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/28/22 Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Grygorieva, O.V. Klymenko, S.V. Teslyuk, M.G. Onyschuk, L.M. Варіабельність морфологічних параметрів та визначення летких речовин плодів генотипів каштана посівного (Castanea sativa Mill.) |
| title | Варіабельність морфологічних параметрів та визначення летких речовин плодів генотипів каштана посівного (Castanea sativa Mill.) |
| title_alt | Variability of morphological parameters and determination of volatile organic compounds of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) genotypes fruits |
| title_full | Варіабельність морфологічних параметрів та визначення летких речовин плодів генотипів каштана посівного (Castanea sativa Mill.) |
| title_fullStr | Варіабельність морфологічних параметрів та визначення летких речовин плодів генотипів каштана посівного (Castanea sativa Mill.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Варіабельність морфологічних параметрів та визначення летких речовин плодів генотипів каштана посівного (Castanea sativa Mill.) |
| title_short | Варіабельність морфологічних параметрів та визначення летких речовин плодів генотипів каштана посівного (Castanea sativa Mill.) |
| title_sort | варіабельність морфологічних параметрів та визначення летких речовин плодів генотипів каштана посівного (castanea sativa mill.) |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/28 |
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