КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ПРІОРИТИЗАЦІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ РОЗРОБОК НАН УКРАЇНИ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ
Introduction. The functioning of Ukraine’s national innovation systemhas provided significant opportunities to enhance its effectiveness through the commercialization of priority innovative developments with the highest level of readiness generated by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS...
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| author | HEYETS, V. |
| author_facet | HEYETS, V. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
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"author": "V. HEYETS",
"institution": "State Organization “Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,”"
}
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| author_sort | HEYETS, V. |
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| description | Introduction. The functioning of Ukraine’s national innovation systemhas provided significant opportunities to enhance its effectiveness through the commercialization of priority innovative developments with the highest level of readiness generated by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU).Problem Statement. Research on innovative developments has addressed critical issues related to expanding the activities of academic research institutions in the commercialization of their research and development (R&D) results.Purpose. This study has aimed to substantiate the potential for improving Ukraine’s national innovation system through the commercialization of priority innovative developments produced by NASU.Materials and Methods. The study has relied on statistical data, publications by Ukrainian and international scholars, and reports of international organizations. Monographic, analytical, and comparative methods based on socio-economic and statistical analysis have been applied.Results. The study has characterized NASU’s innovation developments that are ready for practical implementation, using a methodology for preparing R&D commercialization projects developed by the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NASU. The portfolio of prospective developments has been classified by fields of activity.Conclusions. To overcome Ukraine’s limited experience in prioritizing, commercializing, and economically justifying innovative projects — as well as in assessing the effects of industrial scaling and providing patent protection for intellectual property rights — the participation of NASU institutes in R&D commercialization has been expanded. A practical instrument for this process has been the methodology developed by the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NASU. This approach has contributed to strengthening Ukraine’s innovation system, particularly through the launch of various forms of academic startups. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15407/scine22.03.003 |
| first_indexed | 2026-06-18T01:01:15Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
3
© Publisher PH “Akademperiodyka” of the NAS of Ukraine, 2026. Th is is an open access article
under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Citat ion: Heyets, V. M. (2026). Commercialization and Prioritization of Innovative Developments
by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine as Part of the National Innovation System. Sci. innov.,
22(3), 03—22. https://doi.org/10.15407/scine22.03.003
Introduction. Th e functioning of Ukraine’s national innovation system has provided signifi cant oppor-
tunities to enhance its eff ectiveness through the commercialization of priority innovative developments
with the highest level of readiness generated by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU).
Problem Statement. Research on innovative developments has addressed critical issues related to
expanding the activities of academic research institutions in the commercialization of their research and
development (R&D) results.
Purpose. Th is study has aimed to substantiate the potential for improving Ukraine’s national innova-
tion system through the commercialization of priority innovative developments produced by NASU.
Materials and Methods. Th e study has relied on statistical data, publications by Ukrainian and in-
ternational scholars, and reports of international organizations. Monographic, analytical, and com-
parative methods based on socio-economic and statistical analysis have been applied.
Results. Th e study has characterized NASU’s innovation developments that are ready for practical
implementation, using a methodology for preparing R&D commercialization projects developed by the
Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NASU. Th e portfolio of prospective developments has been
classifi ed by fi elds of activity.
Conclusions. To overcome Ukraine’s limited experience in prioritizing, commercializing, and economi-
cally justifying innovative projects — as well as in assessing the eff ects of industrial scaling and providing
COMMERCIALIZATION AND PRIORITIZATION
OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENTS BY THE NATIONAL
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE AS PART
OF THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM
https://doi.org/10.15407/scine22.03.003
HEYETS, V. M. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-6114)
State Organization “Institute for Economics and Forecasting
of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,”
26, Panasa Myrnoho St., Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine,
+380 44 280 1234, gvm@ief.org.ua
GENERAL PROBLEMS
OF THE MODERN RESEARCH
AND INNOVATION POLICY
4 ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Heyets, V. M.
patent protection for intellectual property rights — the participation of NASU institutes in R&D commercialization
has been expanded. A practical instrument for this process has been the methodology developed by the Institute for
Economics and Forecasting of NASU. Th is approach has contributed to strengthening Ukraine’s innovation system,
particularly through the launch of various forms of academic startups.
Keywords: economic and innovative activities, transformation, prioritization of innovative developments, market, com-
mercialization, hemostatic agents, wound healing agents, economic and social effi ciency.
NOTES ON UNDERSTANDING
THE ORIGINS OF THE PROBLEM
Transformational changes in Ukraine’s economic
activity, driven by the formation of market rela-
tions, necessitated changes in the ways the results
of scholarly research are utilized to support inno-
vation-driven economic development. In particu-
lar, these changes required expanding the commer-
cialization-oriented interaction between science
and business.
The transformational shifts in Ukraine during
the 1990s and the first decade of the twenty-first
century led to the recognition by the European
Union in 2005 and by the United States in 2006
that Ukraine had established a market-oriented
economy. Accordingly, economic activity — wi-
thin which innovation is a fundamental driver —
faced the task of ensuring the successful moder-
nization of the economy on this basis, since the
outcomes of transformation merely “create pre-
conditions for economic growth.” During this pe-
riod, Ukraine’s economic activity exhibited signs
of deindustrialization, characterized, on the one
hand, by an increased role of agricultural produc-
tion and, on the other, by a decline in output, pri-
marily in manufacturing, which constitutes the
foundation for innovation-driven development.
Ukraine’s economy began to function as a small
open economy with an exceptionally high degree of
dependence on foreign trade. This trade is lar gely
based on a model of resource and commodi ty ex-
change with a relatively low share of value added
embodied in technology, equipment, and trans-
port machinery. In qualitative terms, this mo del
characterizes Ukraine’s economy as an appen dage
to the external world and reflects a technolo gi cal-
ly dependent, exogenous pattern of development.
Consequently, innovation activity also faced the
task of adapting to these new conditions, using
the accumulated innovation potential to ensure
the functioning of the national R&D system —
particularly in sectors associated with high-tech-
nology nuclear energy, information and commu-
nication technologies, aviation and rocket-space
industries, selected branches of mechanical engi-
neering, and the chemical industry.
The presence in Ukraine of the aforementioned
high-technology activities — whose prospects re-
main significant — necessitates, on the one hand,
the identification of strategic priority areas and fu-
ture directions for science and technology deve-
lopment through Ukrainian R&D and techno lo gy
foresight, and, on the other hand, the commer cia-
lization of already accumulated priority national
developments. When deployed, these de velop-
ments exhibit a high degree of technolo gical ma-
turity and strong potential for success in both na-
tional and global markets.
Under the conditions of the new reality, given the
preservation of Ukraine’s innovation potential and
the accumulation of innovation-oriented develop-
ments across a broad range of activities, there exists
an opportunity to ensure several key prerequisites
for implementing Walt Whitman Rostow’s stage
model of economic growth. This can be achieved on
the basis of historically conditio ned life skills and a
population with globally competitive levels of edu-
cation. To this end, it is also necessary to employ the
principles of the “deve lopmental state,” which al-
locates resources and exercises regulation and go-
vernance in the sphe res of science and education.
There is also an opportunity, through mecha-
nisms of commercialization and the prioritization
5ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Commercialization and Prioritization of Innovative Developments by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
of structural changes in research and development,
to prepare and implement innovation-attractive
projects, including those involving the National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, within the fra-
mework of the State Medium-Term Priority Pub-
lic Investment Plan for 2026—2028.
This paper has identified high-technology equip-
ment and technologies ready for deployment —
developed, in particular, within the National Aca-
demy of Sciences of Ukraine — and demonstrated,
by way of examples, the feasibility of implemen-
ting a number of high-technology projects. The
analysis includes assessments of effectiveness and
efficiency, including social impact, and considers
projects that may take the form of startups estab-
lished within institutes of the Academy. These ini-
tiatives span such fields as non-ferrous metallur-
gy, mechanical engineering, energy and energy
efficiency, as well as medicine.
ECONOMIC AND INNOVATION ACTIVITY
IN THE TRANSFORMATIONAL CHANGES
OF THE LATE TWENTIETH AND EARLY
TWENTY-FIRST CENTURIES
Ukraine’s experience in building a market econo-
my in the 1990s, as a result of transformational
changes of global scale that had no direct histori-
cal analogues, culminated — by the first decade
of the twenty-first century — in recognition that
the objective had been achieved: the centrally
planned allocation system in economic activity had
been replaced by a market-oriented system [1]. In
historical retrospect, such systems proved capab-
le, throughout the twentieth century, of suppor-
ting economic growth and improving living stan-
dards in many countries.
Achieving this objective should have indicated
the presence of conditions and factors conducive
to Ukraine’s further development on a sustainable
basis. At the same time, the subsequent content
and character of economic activity — one of the
key components in forming the foundation for
economic growth — demonstrated that a number
of difficulties characteristic of the previous system
remained unresolved. Moreover, the transition pro-
cess generated new challenges, rooted in both en-
dogenous and exogenous factors.
Among the changes initiated and implemented
du ring the transformation process, a dominant
ori en tation emerged toward the so-called private-
en terprise development strategy. This approach —
con sidered, among other contexts, particularly
eff ec tive for developing countries [2, 3] — enab-
led a number of economies, especially in East
Asia, to achieve successful economic moderniza-
tion and sustained growth, thereby narrowing the
gap with the highly developed countries of the
Western world.
In the 1950s, Walt Whitman Rostow developed
the stages-of-growth theory, which posits that eco-
nomic development proceeds through five stages.
Of particular relevance to Ukraine is the stage de-
scribed as the “preconditions for take-off,” associa-
ted in part with the transition from a “traditional
society” to a transitional society dominated by
industrial forms of activity. Such a condition may
be regarded as necessary. In Ukraine, however, on
the eve of transformational change, the charac-
teristics of a “traditional society,” as distinguished
by Rostow, had already been transcended: by the
1990s, economic activity in Ukraine was groun-
ded in an industrial structure encompassing both
economic and innovation activity. This indicates
that the necessary preconditions for economic ta ke-
off were already present.
For Ukraine, other conditions identified in Ros-
tow’s theory were critically important but did not
receive adequate attention. According to Rostow,
these conditions include historically conditioned
patterns of everyday life, in which social and cul-
tural components play an essential role, as well as
political factors — particularly the place and role
of the state in the system of economic governance.
Regarding the latter, history provides numerous
examples of both successful and unsuccessful sta-
te intervention in economic management. In some
cases, success has been associated with a predomi-
nance of regulatory functions, while in others, ef-
fective outcomes have been achieved through
6 ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Heyets, V. M.
mo dels of the so-called “developmental state,” a
con cept elaborated by Chalmers Johnson [5].
In this study, we do not address our research
findings concerning the extent and practical mo-
dalities of state intervention in economic activity.
Within the scope of the present topic, it is more
important to examine other components related
to the assessment of key factors that determine
growth on an innovation basis — factors that are
identified as fundamental in Walt Whitman Ros-
tow’s theory. These include the interdependence
and interaction of the conditions and drivers of
modernization and development. In this context,
attention is paid to the interconnectedness, on
the one hand, of technological change driven by
scientific advances and, on the other, of transfor-
mations in the economy and economic activity
resulting from business activity and its participa-
tion in, and co-participation with, innovation de-
velopment and deployment.
Growth theory further posits that successful
economic modernization and sustained growth
occur when innovation activity characterizes a
broad spectrum of business operations. This inclu-
des firms engaged in production as well as those
capable of independently generating innovations,
both within large enterprises and — especially —
within small and medium-sized innovation-orien-
ted firms, which are widely regarded as particu-
larly well suited to pioneering innovation at the
technological frontier [6]. Because the present ana-
lysis concerns the application of pioneering in-
novations derived from fundamental research —
particularly that conducted within the National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine — prioritizing
their deployment through such channels can sig-
nificantly strengthen the national innovation sys-
tem under market conditions.
Innovation activity, in which the state and its ins-
titutions play a substantial role, includes a mar ket-
organized component, as do other forms of eco-
nomic activity. This implies the presence of both
supply and demand, including in relation to inno-
vation. Supply arises from the functioning of the
innovation system and results in a portfolio of de-
velopments that, when deployed, can enhance the
efficiency and competitiveness of economic activity.
Demand for innovation emerges within the process
of economic activity itself, primarily as a means of
increasing labor productivity and generating profit.
Effective interaction between scholarly research
and innovation-adopting businesses requires a
struc tured and substantive framework of coope-
ration. Such cooperation can and should occur,
inter alia, with state participation. The state is ca-
pable of assessing existing and emerging demand
within the economy as a whole and within indi-
vidual enterprises — including those in traditional
and strategically important sectors developed in
Ukraine — while also influencing the formation of
supply from academic and educational institutions
in line with national strategic interests, where the
sta te plays a key coordinating role. In strategic terms,
reliance on purely market-based principles in this
sphere has often proven insufficient, as evidenced
by numerous well-documented market failures.
This study addresses innovations that encom-
pass productive activity, in which the manufactu-
ring sector plays a primary role in shaping demand.
In Ukraine, during the first decade of independen-
ce, this sector experienced large-scale structural
problems. Between 1990 and 1999, the share of ma-
chine building and metalworking output — one
of the key components of manufacturing and, ac-
cordingly, of the development of a high-technolo-
gy material infrastructure — declined from 30.7%
to 13.8%. At the same time, the combined share of
fuel-energy and metallurgical production increa sed
to 53.7% in 1999, compared with 21.0% in 1990.
Overall, economic activity in Ukraine during the
1990s exhibited features of structural simplifica-
tion. The share of agriculture and related activities
increased substantially. According to Walt Whit-
man Rostow’s stage theory of economic growth,
such structural shifts may be interpreted as a par-
tial regression from the industrial stage toward a
more traditional stage of development, reinforced
by a regression in the structure of capital invest-
ment. In particular, the share of capital investment
in machine building and the chemical industry —
7ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Commercialization and Prioritization of Innovative Developments by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
sectors that generate advanced economic transfor-
mation based on innovation — declined to 9.2%
in 1999 from 34.9% in 1990. A more than three-
fold decrease in the share of investment in high-
technology activities contributed to a long-term
slowdown in innovation processes [7]. At the sa-
me time, the scale of contraction and the impera-
tive of economic modernization and develop-
ment — objectives that do not always coincide in
practice — should, in principle, have generated
stable demand for innovation.
Under the previous economic system, such de-
mand was met primarily through the activities of
research institutions, including academic institutes
and sector-specific research organizations finan ced
largely from the state budget. During the period
of transformation, these institutions were compel-
led to change the nature of their activities and seek
commercialization opportunities against the back-
drop of declining demand for innovation caused
by economic contraction. Under conditions of com-
pressed demand and limited state resources —
particularly financial resources — the supply side
of the national innovation system also contracted.
In such circumstances, the capacity to generate
innovations as supply for markets in which demand
for innovation exists is determined primarily by in-
stitutional conditions defined in the Law of Ukraine
“On Priority Areas of Innovation Activity in Ukrai-
ne” [8]. The successful implementation of these
prio rities depends on the readiness of individuals
and society as a whole to generate innovation,
which in turn is shaped by educational, cultural, so-
cial, and psychological factors characteristic of
Ukraine. Taken together, these factors constitute a
potential foundation enabling innovation activity,
particularly as Ukraine pursues its strategic course
toward integration with the European Union.
The development and realization of this stra-
tegic trajectory — including the achievement of
innovation-driven economic growth — necessi-
tate, first and foremost, consideration of the mo-
dernization experience of Central and Eastern
European economies [9], as well as an assessment
of the appropriate balance between the utilization
of domestic scholarly research and the importa-
tion of technologies [10].
Ideally, at the initial stage of economic take-off,
both the intensity of technology imports and the
creation of domestic technologies based on na-
tional scholarly research remain relatively low. By
the final, fourth stage, however, the internal ac-
cumulation of knowledge and innovation should
become dominant, reflecting a state in which a
country advances along a trajectory consistent with
globally recognized levels of achievement.
Under conditions of extreme economic open-
ness — characteristic, in particular, of Ukraine —
the second and, especially, the third stages in the
ba lance between technology imports (and the
equip ment embodying them) and the utilization
of domestically generated innovations become cri-
tically important. Historically, the dominance of
imported equipment and technologies did not re-
solve the challenges of achieving sustained eco-
nomic growth and productivity gains sufficient to
converge with the development levels of advanced
economies. At the same time, it would be incor-
rect to deny that the path of industrialization pur-
sued by the former Soviet Union — and, conse-
quently, Ukraine — achieved a relatively high le vel
of industrial development, partly through the ex-
tensive use of imported technologies of exogenous
origin, which contributed to socio-economic prog-
ress. As Peter L. Berger observed, modern techno-
logy possesses an autonomous transformative force
that affects virtually any socio-economic environ-
ment; consequently, the introduction of new tech-
nologies tends to generate improvements in ma-
terial living conditions, including rising living
standards and increased life expectancy.
On the eve of the transformational changes in
Ukraine’s economy, its productive capacity exhibi-
ted a distinctly industrial character. Our analysis of
data aggregated from the early twentieth century —
covering the pre-revolutionary Russian Em pire, of
which Ukraine formed a part, as well as the period
of the former Soviet Union and the years of Ukraine’s
independence — indicates the following structural
features. In 1913, machinery and equipment ac-
8 ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Heyets, V. M.
counted for only 0.3% of exports from Russia, while
imports of such goods reached 15.9%. On the eve of
the World War II, exports of machinery and equip-
ment in the Soviet Union ro se to 5.0%, whereas im-
ports exceeded one-third (34.5%). In the postwar
period, particularly in 1970, exports of machinery,
equipment, and transport vehicles reached their
highest share at 21.5%, yet imports surpassed this
figure by 14.1 percentage points, reaching 35.6%. By
1985, the export share had declined to 13.9%, while
the share of imports of machinery, equipment, and
transport vehicles continued to increase. The Soviet
Union — and, with it, Ukraine — thus developed
an export–import pattern approximating a “re-
sources in exchan ge for machinery, technologies,
and transport equipment” model [11—13].
With respect to Ukraine, a dependence of a si-
milar nature has persisted. In 1989, imports of ma-
chinery and equipment exceeded exports by near-
ly 10 percentage points. Over time, this imbalance
remained: by 2016, the export share of machinery
and equipment had declined to about 10%, while
imports reached 20.1%, indicating continued im-
port dependence despite the sharp contraction of
economic activity during the 1990s associated
with transformational change and GDP decline.
The resumption of economic growth after 2005—
2006 — when Ukraine’s economy was internatio-
nally recognized as market-based — did not alter
the pattern of technological dependence; on the
contrary, it significantly reinforced it.
By 2016, agricultural, forestry, and fisheries pro-
ducts, together with food industry outputs, ac-
counted for 41.4% of exports, while ores, ferrous
metals, and related products maintained a substan-
tial share of 27.2%. Combined, these categories
constituted nearly 70% of total exports, clearly
demonstrating the persistence of the earlier export–
import model. In essence, the economy continued
to function largely as a resource appendage to ex-
ternal markets, while remaining technologically
dependent on imports of machinery, equipment,
chemical products, and related industrial outputs.
The combined share of these imports reached 34.5%
in 2016 [14—16].
By its structural characteristics, Ukraine’s eco-
nomy can be classified as a small open economy,
with exports and imports together accounting for
up to — or exceeding — 90% of GDP. This structu-
re assigns a critically important role to exogenous
factors, including foreign investment and the
country’s capacity to attract it. Research by Raj neesh
Narula and Hervé Guimon, particularly regar-
ding Eastern European countries, indicates that
these economies face limited prospects for attrac-
ting foreign direct investment (FDI) capable of ge-
nerating competitive new sectors; such cases re-
main rare exceptions, often shaped by contingent
circumstances rather than systematic, economy-
wide experimentation with new ideas [17].
Their findings suggest that, in Ukraine’s case —
given the presence of advanced capabilities in ro cket
and space technologies, aircraft manufacturing,
nuclear energy, selected branches of mechanical
engineering, and accumulated innovation out-
puts — there is a clear need to prioritize endoge-
nous innovation activity. Leveraging domestic
scholarly research and technological developments
to foster new competitive industries should form
the foundation for technological modernization
of Ukrainian industry. This approach should pri-
marily rely on national investment and an appro-
priate investment policy, while not excluding —
and indeed encouraging — the attraction of foreign
investment across a broad spectrum of high-tech-
nology activities present in Ukraine. Ukraine’s
experience in the ICT sector already confirms the
effectiveness of such a strategy and supports its
further expansion.
Ukraine currently possesses a population with
world-class educational attainment that has de-
monstrated its capacity — even under wartime
conditions — to organize small and medium-sized
innovative enterprises and establish the production
of aerial systems that meet global standards of com-
petitiveness and are suitable for contempora ry war-
fare. This achievement is, on the one hand, the re-
sult of demand generated by the war. On the other
hand, success in this area has been ensured by mo-
bilizing Ukraine’s accumulated scho larly research,
9ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Commercialization and Prioritization of Innovative Developments by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
experimental design, and enginee ring capabilities
to form an effective supply res ponse. This capacity
has been realized on the basis of pre viously deve-
loped rocket and space technologies and a strong
aviation industry, which was capable of producing
the world’s largest competitive transport aircraft.
Additional opportunities of a similar nature exist
and further illustrate the successful realization of
Ukraine’s world-class potential, particularly in the
development of information and communication
technologies (ICT). By their performance charac-
teristics and export scale, Ukraine’s ICT services
sector already ranks among the world’s top ten
count ries in this domain. These examples demonst-
rate that Ukraine possesses substantial potential
for economic growth based on innovation. At the
same time, Ukraine ranked 66th in the 2025 Glo-
bal Innovation Index, while Estonia ranked 16th,
owing to effective digital governance, startup eco-
system development, and sustained investment in
education [18]. This comparison underscores the
need for systemic improvements in innovation
policy and practice.
In Ukraine, “…the weak side (referring to inno-
vation activity) is partly associated with a narrow
understanding of innovation, particularly from the
perspective of public policy … rather than with
the diffusion of innovation as a means of sustain-
able development. Such a perception overlooks a
major share of the innovation potential” [19] al-
ready accumulated in the country and, according-
ly, the issue of its commercialization. This prob-
lem will be examined in subsection 2 of this study.
In the research works of Slavo Radosevic on
the functioning of innovation systems, it is noted
that “…the main share of innovation potential in
the sub-region (which includes Ukraine — V.H.)
lies outside this narrow approach, in areas such as
improvements in productive capabilities, techno-
logical design, business models, or platform ca-
pacity. A platform generates demand and supply
for new types of activities” [9]. It should be em-
phasized that Ukraine is currently developing the
conditions necessary to apply a platform-based
ideo logy for economic recovery on an innovation-
driven basis, thereby creating opportunities to
expand both demand and supply, including for
new types of economic activities.
According to experts of the United Nations Eco-
nomic Commission for Europe, the majority of
innovations emerge through the use of existing
ideas, business models, and technologies that are
adapted and modified as needed [19, p. 9]. At pre-
sent, a new initiative in this direction for Ukraine
is the establishment, according to available data,
of eleven specialized platforms whose combined
scope and functions can — and should — be integ-
rated into a single Economic Reconstruction Plat-
form for Ukraine (its structure and components
are presented in Table 1 below).
Platforms of the above scale are the most syste-
mically organized and, at present, the most comp-
rehensively developed instruments for achie ving
the goals of Ukraine’s post-war development. An
analysis of the functional orientation of platforms
already operating in Ukraine — such as Rozetka,
marketplace platforms, Diia, Monobank, and Nova
Poshta — has demonstrated that platform solutions
genuinely open new opportunities for economic
development at the national, regional, and enter-
prise levels and are inherently innovation-driven.
The above-mentioned Economic Reconstruction
Platform of Ukraine represents a system of specia-
lized platforms. Each platform is innovative in its
orientation and contributes to a holistic perception
of innovation not only in economic processes but
also in social and even cultural revitalization. Its
implementation requires and encourages the use of
an innovation culture, the con tent of which is de-
fined by Ukrainian legislation. An analysis of the
strategic orientation of the platforms already la un-
ched to support Ukraine’s recovery and develop-
ment indicates that a platform-based framework for
post-war development is already emerging, envi-
saging broad engagement of foreign investment.
Within the framework of the specialized platform
for Ukraine’s economic recovery — the Uk rai ne Re-
co very Conference (URC) — held in Lugano (2022),
London (2023), Berlin (2024), and Rome (2025) [48]
(see Table 1), it is proposed that Uk rai ne’s econo-
10 ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Heyets, V. M.
Table 1. Content and Structure of the Platform for the Economic Recovery of Ukraine
Special-purpose platform Target directions of special purpose platform
The Ukraine Recovery Conference (URC)
has been held in Lugano (2022), London
(2023), Berlin (2024), and Rome (2025)
[20, 21]
At the Ukraine Recovery Conference 2025
in Rome, an initiative to establish Recove-
ry Coalition — a European flagship fund
for Ukraine’s reconstruction — was pre-
sented
At the Ukraine Recovery Conference 2025 (URC-2025), 18 new pro-
grams were announced to attract private capital, with a particular fo-
cus on supporting small and medium-sized enterprises
In addition to the 18 programs presented, cooperation has been ex-
panded with the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation
(DFC); guarantees from Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
(MIGA) have been broadened; and new agreements have been con-
cluded with European export credit agencies and development banks.
Privatization initiatives are being prepared, accompanied by the pre-
sentation of an investment catalog comprising 250 projects valued at
approximately USD 40 billion
The Create Ukraine program continues, and an agreement is being
prepared for Ukraine’s accession to the European Social Fund to sup-
port entrepreneurship development and a range of social initiatives,
including retraining and reskilling programs within Ukraine
The Ukraine Facility Platform [22—24]
a dedicated instrument designed to sup-
port financing for Ukraine’s reconst ruc-
tion needs for the period 2024—2027,
consisting of three components
Component 1 — public administration reform, good governance, the rule
of law, anti-corruption measures, and sound financial management
Component 2 — designed to attract and mobilize public and private
investment
Component 3 — technical assistance focused on mobilizing reform
expertise and supporting municipalities and civil society
The Made in Ukraine Platform [25]
partial compensation of 15% of the cost
of equipment manufactured in Ukraine
with a localization level of at least 40%;
incentives to support the development
of industrial parks
Support for domestic manufacturers and stimulation of demand for
Ukrainian-made products, contributing to the creation of new jobs;
founders receive funding for the construction of engineering and trans-
port infrastructure or compensation for electricity connection costs
Affordable Loans 5—7—9% [26, 27] —
a government support program for do-
mestic businesses
Two objectives: investment and working capital financing
Distribution by sector:
45% — agriculture (preferential loans)
24% — trade
21% — industry
7% — services
2% — construction
Support recipients:
53% — microenterprises
30% — small enterprises
12% — medium enterprises
5% — large enterprises
Ukraine Development Fund [28]
Es tab lished by a private investor with ca-
pital of USD 15 billion and registered in
Luxembourg. BlackRock and JPMorgan
will help form public-private enterprises
The fund is focused on supporting government institutions and capital
markets
11ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Commercialization and Prioritization of Innovative Developments by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
mic policy prioritize the attraction of private capital,
including through large-scale privatization initia-
tives with innovation-oriented investment pros-
pects. These initiatives encompass approximately
250 projects across 11 sectors of the eco nomy, with
an estimated value of USD 40 billion. At the same
time, the limited capacity of Eastern European
countries to attract foreign direct investment into
entirely new sectors aimed at global market entry
must be taken into account, which al so applies to
Ukraine. As noted in the research of Rajneesh Na-
rula and Henk W. M. G. Gimeno [7], a more prac-
tical approach involves concentrating efforts on the
activities of existing subsidiaries of foreign inves-
Special-purpose platform Target directions of special purpose platform
Ukraine Investment Framework (UIF)
[29—31]
A major EU initiative to support invest-
ments in Ukraine
It finances critically important projects in the public sector — inclu ding
energy efficiency, transport, housing and utilities, and education — as
well as small and medium-sized enterprises for municipal investment
needs, in accordance with Public Investment Management (PIM) re-
form requirements. Submission of projects to the Single Pro ject Pipe-
line (SPP) is mandatory
Ukraine Energy Support Fund [32]
Established to provide international as-
sistance in the energy sector to companies
across all regions of Ukraine
The fund brings together donors from 22 countries — including govern-
ments, private companies, corporations, and international organiza-
tions — to support Ukrainian energy companies
Joint Weapons Production [33]
Under the slogans “Buy in Ukraine for Uk-
raine” and “Build Together with Ukraine,”
factories are being established in Western
countries to operate under licenses from
Ukrainian arms manufacturers
Western partners have shown the greatest interest in investing in dro-
nes. For example, following the “Danish model,” a consortium in Fin-
land, Summa Defense, has created a production facility in collabora-
tion with four Ukrainian companies. Drones produced there will be
supplied to Ukraine, the EU, and NATO. The United Kingdom is also
focusing on domestic drone production
The United States, France, Croatia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Germa-
ny, and Canada are actively organizing drone manufacturing. Uk raine
has launched the Defence City program to develop joint weapons pro-
duction with international partners, both within Ukraine and in Rams-
tein partner countries [34—36]
Investment Platforms for Ukraine [37, 38]
In accordance with a memorandum with
the European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development and Development Finance
Institutions (DFIs), investment platforms
have been coordinated in Ukraine
The DFIs and EBRD plan to expand the number of participating insti-
tutions from different countries
On May 12, 2023, in Tokyo, the DFIs, G7 countries, and EBRD agreed to
establish a Co-Investment Platform based on identified needs within
the framework of the Interagency Donor Coordination Platform for
Ukraine
U.S. — Ukraine Reconstruction Investment
Fund [39—45]
Established under a bilateral agreement
with equal participation by both parties
Ukraine shall allocate 50% of future revenues from new royalties on
licenses for new sites to the fund. The fund invests in projects related
to mineral extraction, oil and gas, associated infrastructure, and pro-
cessing. The agreement covers 57 types of enterprises
e-Oselia (Home) Government program [46]
e-Recovery [47]
Program providing accessible mortgage financing with interest rates
ranging from 3—10%
Program for compensation and improvement of housing
End of Table 1
12 ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Heyets, V. M.
tors operating within the country. The authors also
emphasize that each country requires a distinct
combination of innovation policy instruments,
depending on its technological and institutional
profile across specific sectors of economic activity.
Ukraine and its economy, operating within the
framework of industrial activity in the second half
of the twentieth century and the early twenty-first
century, have accumulated extensive experience in
the use of imported technologies and equipment
and in export–import operations. At the same
time, the country possesses a developed system of
R&D institutions, including academies of sciences,
sectoral research and design institutes, and higher
education institutions that collectively conduct na-
tional R&D and train highly qualified personnel —
doctoral and candidate deg ree holders — for high-
technology sectors such as aviation, aerospace,
nuclear energy, ICT, che mistry, and selected bran-
ches of mechanical engineering. This accumulated
innovative experience creates the conditions for
further modernization by combining knowledge
embedded in imported technologies with the de-
velopment of competiti ve new industries based on
Ukraine’s national R&D achievements, including
those capable of compe ting in global markets.
The integration of results from national R&D
with accumulated knowledge embodied in impor-
ted technologies corresponds, in the classification
proposed by Slavo Radosevic, to the potential imp-
lementation — during Ukraine’s post-war reco-
ve ry — of the third stage of technological moder-
ni za tion. At this stage, opportunities emerge to
utilize national knowledge assets accumulated in
equipment, technologies, managerial practices, the
po pu la tion’s innovative capabilities, and its skill
base. Their combined use can become the domi-
nant com ponent of innovation-driven economic
activity. This is particularly important given fin-
dings by the United Nations Economic Commis-
sion for Europe indicating that countries such as
Ukraine continue to rely on a limited range of pro-
ducts and export markets and exhibit a low level
of export sophistication, reflecting a significant
divergence from global dynamics.
The war has destroyed a substantial number of
enterprises specializing in traditional activities
associated with the second and third technologi-
cal paradigms. In the post-war period, Ukraine
faces a strategic challenge that may evolve along
two alternative paths.
War is not a form of creative destruction — the
concept embedded in modern growth theory —
but rather a devastating destruction of Ukraine’s
productive forces, accompanied by loss of life and
labor outflows. The resulting losses coexist with
new opportunities, although these arise not be-
cause of, but despite, the mechanisms commonly
associated with creative destruction. During post-
war recovery, it is critically important to avoid a
return to stagnation-inducing processes; therefo-
re, reconstruction must simultaneously ensure the
deployment of innovation-driven opportunities
in rebuilding the economy.
One approach involves restoring activities that
rely on traditional technologies, with the poten-
tial to improve the recovery of processes based on
corresponding research and development (R&D).
Another pathway for addressing post-war reconst-
ruction challenges lies in promoting the develop-
ment of production focused on the creation of new
products through the practical implementation of
outcomes from national R&D initiatives.
From a strategic perspective, the first app-
roach may allow relatively rapid recovery, leve-
raging exis ting expertise and skills while incor-
porating opportunities for their improvement.
However, over time, the potential for enhancing
traditio nal tech niques and technologies is limi-
ted, especially when compared to the benefits of
creating new pro ducts and establishing their pro-
duction through mechanisms supporting star-
tup activities. Startups, as noted, “…play a cent-
ral role in transfor ming laboratory discoveries
into com mer cial pro ducts” [6]. Therefore, it be-
comes cru cial to activate the potentially untap-
ped fundamental research within Ukraine’s aca-
demy sys tem, particularly the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), through com-
mercialization efforts.
13ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Commercialization and Prioritization of Innovative Developments by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
COMMERCIALIZATION
AND PRIORITIZATION
OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES
IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Expanding the activities of academic research ins-
titutions toward the commercialization of R&D out-
comes — especially those with the highest cur rent
readiness for practical application — can, over time,
substantially transform the prevailing re search- to-
business model. This transformation re shapes how
research is conducted and results are translated into
business applications, thereby altering the pre-exis-
ting system. Such development strengthens and
broadens the linkages between science and business,
enhancing the practical impact of scholarly research.
Over time, small but successful initiatives wi-
thin research or design organizations — where
innovation is initiated and implemented — may
be sold to large enterprises to scale the startup to
a global market. Large businesses possess the finan-
cial, organizational, and human resource capaci-
ties to execute such endeavors successfully, al-
though not always without challenges.
Implementing innovative projects within insti-
tutes that are part of NASU will create opportuni-
ties for future increases in R&D expenditure, both
within the institute itself and among its real busi-
ness partners. For example, in 2016, enterprises in
the pre-war period spent 2.3 times more on R&D
per employee than the public sector and 5.9 times
more than the higher education sector. Despite
the war, in 2024, this lead persisted, as the R&D
expenditure of the enterprises exceeded more than
2.5 times that of the public sector and 4.2 ti mes
the expenditure of the higher education sector.
This trend indicates that the expected commer-
cialization of research within state-funded insti-
tutions, particularly in the NASU system, not only
opens avenues for increased investment in scien-
ce and development but also serves as a motiva-
ting factor for the return of research personnel
who were forced to emigrate. This is particularly
important given evidence suggesting that reinteg-
ration of scholarly research activity in Ukraine
will face significant challenges [49].
The integration of science and business is im-
portant not only for expanding the technical, tech-
nological, organizational, and financial capabili-
ties of both research institutions and their staff,
but also for shortening the time from scientific
discovery to production and enhancing overall
labor productivity in the economy. This increased
effectiveness elevates the productive activity of re-
searchers involved in commercialization through
science-business collaboration.
Studies conducted at the Institute for Economics
and Forecasting of the NASU on this topic indicate
that the citation impact of researchers enga ged in
science-business collaboration exceeds that of re-
searchers without such engagement by more than
tenfold in Ukraine (Table 2). A similar pattern is ob-
served in the European Union, although the mag ni-
tude of the difference is approximately half as large.
The pathway of science-business interaction out-
lined above can, to some extent, mitigate Uk rai-
ne’s existing constraints in increasing investment
in science, including enabling the expansion of the
research and development workforce by at least
30,000 employees [50]. It will also reduce the time
required for the practical application of R&Ds.
Globally, R&D expenditure as a share of GDP has
averaged around 3%, although this figure va ries
across time and regions. In 2021, the global ave-
rage was approximately 2.8%, with Israel lea ding
at 5.76%, while Ukraine’s share was only 0.38% of
GDP (see Fig. 1). Within the European Union, it
is generally recommended that R&D expenditure
Table 2. Publication Activity
of Ukraine and the EU, 2022—2024
Activity
Citations
per publication
Field-Weighted
Citation Impact
Ukraine EU Ukraine EU
Science-Business
Collaboration
32.8 11.6 6.9 1.96
Science-Business
Collaboration Is Absent
3.0 6.3 0.75 1.09
Source: data on collaboration indicators [50].
14 ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Heyets, V. M.
be maintained at around 3% of GDP. Significant
cross-country differences exist not only in the vo-
lume of R&D spending but also in its composi-
tion (Table 3).
Data from Table 3 indicate that the United Sta-
tes, as a global technological leader, reduced its
ex penditure on fundamental research in many res-
pects over the period 2010–2022. Israel shows a si-
milar pattern, despite having achieved a high le vel
of technological performance and one of the hi-
ghest national R&D expenditure relative to GDP
(Fig. 1). Table 3 also shows that several European
countries have either maintained or only slightly
reduced the share of spending allocated to funda-
mental research.
Nevertheless, as of 2022, the proportion of spen-
ding on fundamental research in many European
countries remained nearly twice as high — or even
more — compared to the United States, Japan, and
Israel. In Israel, by 2022, the share of expenditure
on fundamental R&D had fallen to a level three
times lower than that observed in selected Euro-
pean countries. In countries such as Poland and the
Czech Republic, over one-quarter of R&D spen-
ding is devoted to fundamental research, although
overall R&D expenditure relative to GDP remain
below the global average.
This demonstrates that some countries, while
lagging behind global averages in total R&D spen-
ding relative to GDP, allocate a comparatively lar-
ger share of these funds to fundamental research,
Fig. 1. Share of R&D expenditure in GDP across countries in 2021, %
Source: based on [51—53].
Table 3. Share of Basic R&D
in Total R&D Expenditure, %
Country
Year
2010 2015 2020 2022
France 25.2 24.3 22.9 20.3
Italy 25.6 24.1 22.0 24.1
Poland 29.2 32.0 33.6 27.8
Czech Republic 29.8 31.4 27.2 25.4
Israel 13.0 12.1 9.3 7.1
China 4.8 5.0 5.9 6.4
Korea 18.2 17.2 14.4 15.1
USA 18.8 16.6 15.5 14.3
Japan 12.3 12.0 12.2 12.1
Ukraine 22.1 24.1 25.0 23.9
Source: based on [51, 53].
Ukraine
Italy
Poland
Czech Republic
France
EU 27
China
C
ou
nt
ry
World
Germany
Japan
USA
Korea
Israel
6543
Share of GDP, %
210
0.38
1.41
1.42
1.93
2.21
2.26
2.38
2.58
3.08
3.27
3.47
4.60
5.76
15ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Commercialization and Prioritization of Innovative Developments by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
even without being technological leaders like the
United States, Japan, or South Korea.
Regarding Ukraine, data from Fig. 1 and Table 3
show a pronounced lag in both the volume of R&D
spending and its structure relative to countries such
as Israel, which, despite facing frequent threats of
air strikes, maintains a significantly more balan-
ced and higher level of R&D investment relative
to GDP. Specifically, Ukraine allocates more than
three times the share of R&D funding to funda-
mental research compared to Israel, yet its total
R&D expenditure is 15 times lower. Analysis of
the data in Fig. 1 and Table 3 suggests a certain
inefficiency in the financing of research and de-
velopment in Ukraine.
Primarily, to address the identified inefficien-
cies in the level and structure of R&D funding, it is
necessary to increase investment to a target of three
percent of GDP. However, such an increase should
not be an end in itself. Changes must be guided
by strategic priority areas and the applied pros-
pects for the further development of science and
technology, in line with international experience,
while strengthening the state’s role both in finan-
cing scholarly research and in supporting mecha-
nisms for subsidizing innovative developments.
At the same time, the determination of these
priorities should be based on R&D foresight. Uk-
raine has experience in periodically conducting
such foresight exercises, including under wartime
conditions. In particular, in 2024, a Ukrainian R&D
and technology foresight was developed and pub-
lished, reflecting appropriate shifts in research
prio rities that occurred over the previous three
years due to the challenges of the full-scale war
and global trends in science and technology deve-
lopment [54]. Given the ongoing large-scale efforts
to define pathways for ensuring the successful fu-
ture of the Ukrainian economy, it is now appropri-
ate to begin developing a foresight specifically fo-
cused on the scientific support of decision-making
at the highest state level. Consequently, the defined
priorities will also determine the structure of fund-
ing, both in terms of research directions and the
balance between fundamental and applied R&D.
It is also important to note that, as funding levels
increase and their structure changes, measures must
be taken to enhance the impact of scholarly research
on economic performance, particularly thro ugh
reforms in science-business interaction practices.
This need arises from Ukraine’s classification as a
“modest innovator” according to the European
Innovation Scoreboard, which is the lowest tier in
the current ranking. However, according to glo bal
competitiveness indices, such as the availability of
a highly educated workforce, Ukraine possesses
the potential to support post-war recovery based
on advanced technological foundations.
At the same time, data from the Ukrainian Ins-
titute of R&D Expertise and Information and in-
ternational assessments of Ukraine’s innovation
performance from 2010—2019 indicate a decline
across all indices. Yet, even amid wartime condi-
tions, as of 2025, opportunities exist to expand
Table 4. Structure of Advanced R&Ds
of the NAS of Ukraine by Level
of Readiness for Use (TRL), % of the Total
Field Total
TRL
1—3 4—6 7—9
Total Including: 205 5.4 57.6 37.1
Energy and Energy Efficiency 40 0.5 8.8 10.2
Technologies for Structural
and Functional Materials
34 2.4 9.8 4.4
Medical Products and Medical
Device Engineering
33 2.0 7.8 6.3
Mechanical Engineering and
Instrumentation
27 0.0 6.8 6.3
Ecology and Environmental
Protection
19 0.5 6.8 2.0
Information Technologies 13 0.0 2.9 3.4
In formation and Sensor Systems
and Devices
12 0.0 2.9 2.9
Technologies and Equipment
for Mineral Exploration,
Assess ment, and Extraction
12 0.0 2.9 2.9
Others 0.0 6.2 1.1
Source: based on [55].
16 ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Heyets, V. M.
innovative activity within the NASU, particularly
by leveraging existing R&D outputs. In 2024, the re
were 3,739 active protection documents covering
promising scientific and analytical developments.
Furthermore, the structure of NASU’s advan ced
R&Ds at the highest readiness levels (TRL 7—9)
(Table 4) demonstrates that over one-third (37.1%)
of these projects are ready for implementation,
including developments relevant to key sectors of
the manufacturing industry.
The data indicate that over 200 national deve lop-
ments from the NASU, protected by intellectual
property rights, have the potential, once com mer-
cialized, to reduce Ukraine’s exogenous depen-
dence on dominant imports relative to its exports
of both technology and technical equipment.
Before the war, the implementation of projects
strategically important for Ukraine’s industrial ac-
tivity, based on innovative developments, faced
se veral significant shortcomings. In particular, the
funding needs of selected state-supported innova-
tion projects, for example in 2021, exceeded the
available budget nearly twentyfold. Moreover, for-
malized criteria and mechanisms for managing sta te
projects were largely absent, professional managerial
capacity for large-scale projects within state institu-
tions was insufficient, and the competence of inde-
pendent expert evaluations was often questionable.
Despite the wartime conditions, Ukraine comp -
le ted the establishment of new mechanisms for
state support of major investment projects and for
co-financing public investment projects during
2023—2024. A model has also been established
for concentrating resources on financing public
investment pro jects in 2025—2027, including the
following sources:
Loans from foreign states, international financial
institutions, and organizations (UAH 59.2 billion
in 2025; UAH 17 billion in 2026; UAH 30.3 bil-
lion in 2027);
Funds from the general state budget (UAH 25 bil-
lion annually from 2025—2027);
Resources obtained under the Ukraine Facility
(Component II) for investment in priority sec-
tors (UAH 6.97—300 billion in 2025—2027);
Resources from the Road Fund (a special state
budget fund), excluding expenditure related
to road maintenance and debt obligations of
the Agency for Restoration and Development
of Inf rastructure (UAH 41.2 billion in 2025;
UAH 106 bil lion in 2026; UAH 199.7 billion
in 2027).
Priorities for 2025—2027 have been identified
in the fields of energy, critical infrastructure pro-
tection, and energy-related projects, including:
Improving electricity transmission efficiency (in-
tegration of Ukraine’s united energy system with
the European interconnected system, phases III
and IV);
Establishing a comprehensive system for hand-
ling reactive materials generated during decom-
missioning of power units and the reconstruc-
tion of the “Shelter” object;
Enhancing energy efficiency of public buildings
across Ukraine.
The new public investment project (PIP) system
specifies requirements for comprehensive profes-
sional scientific support, encompassing both the
authors of innovative developments and experts
in economics and finance. As a result, the new
PIP requirements address and minimize the defi-
ciencies in project preparation and implementa-
tion that were noted in previous assessments.
This approach has created opportunities for the
implementation of completed scholarly research
and the development of innovative applications
with practical significance through expanded scien-
ce-business collaboration.
Currently, several institutes within the NASU
are initiating projects based on completed, inno-
vation-ready developments that are prepared for
practical application through industrial-scale imp-
lementation. Notably, this includes the commer-
cialization project of the O. V. Palladin Institute
of Biochemistry, which aims to establish the pro-
duction of fibrin gel and collagen matrices as
wound-healing agents. The project has achieved a
readiness level of IRL 7.
The objective of this project is to produce, at the
specified center, innovative hemostatic agents —
17ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Commercialization and Prioritization of Innovative Developments by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
specifically Carbogemostat, Fibrin Gel, and Colla-
gen Matrix — which demonstrate superior effecti-
veness [56] compared to existing hemostatic pro-
ducts and substitutes.
The need and prospects for such a project are
driven by both national and global factors. In Uk-
raine, the necessity of establishing domestic in-
novative production of critically important he-
mostatic products has significantly increased un-
der martial law, due to the sharp rise in demand
for modern hemorrhage-control devices resulting
from elevated trauma levels among military per-
sonnel and civilians.
At the global level, healthcare expenditure is pro-
jected to rise, the pharmaceutical market is expan-
ding, and the hemostatic products segment is de-
veloping rapidly. This growth is driven by increasing
global demand for modern medical technologies
and services, rising prevalence of traumatic inju-
ries, and greater demand for surgical interventions.
Despite a post-pandemic decline in the global
public healthcare expenditure to 9.9% of GDP in
2022 [57, 58] — a reduction of 0.9% of GDP as com-
pared with 2021 — WHO forecasts an increase in
global healthcare spending to 2040 by 2.6% of
GDP [59]. The temporary reduction in healthcare
spending priority has occurred amid a gradual re-
turn to austerity policies following peak pandemic-
related expenditure growth, when the healthcare
system was the state’s primary funding priority.
A major driver of rising global healthcare expen-
diture in the medium term is the rapid impact of
technological progress in the medical sector. Under
these conditions, investments in the moderniza-
tion of core equipment and the digital transfor-
mation of healthcare systems are expected to re-
quire, on average, an additional 0.4% of GDP [59].
The prospects for establishing innovative do-
mestic production of hemostatic agents in Ukrai-
ne also align with global trends in the growing
pharmaceutical market, which reached a value of
USD 2.4 trillion in 2024 [60] and is projected to
increase to USD 4.1 trillion by 2035, correspon ding
to an average annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5%
over the forecast period.
The Institute for Economics and Forecasting of
the NASU conducted a scenario-based forecast as-
sessment of the project Establishment of a Chroma-
tography Center for Biotechnological Production of
Innovative Hemostatic and Wound-Healing Agents
in collaboration with the O. V. Palladin Institute of
Biochemistry, NASU. The analysis considered three
scenarios based on different procurement strate-
gies for raw materials — specifically activa ted car-
bon fiber and collagen — from various countries,
including the United States, the European Union,
and China, for the production of innovative he-
mostatic agents over a five-year period.
The analysis demonstrates that the project exhi-
bits high levels of economic efficiency, investment
profitability, and short payback periods, ranging
from 2.3 to 3.5 years depending on the scenario,
assuming implementation as a public investment
project with a public investment volume of UAH
50 million.
Beyond its potential economic efficiency, the
implementation of this project is expected to ge-
ne rate additional budgetary benefits for the state
through the operations of the chromatography cen-
ter, the production and sale of innovative hemo-
static agents, and the associated collection of ta-
xes and contributions.
In addition to economic and budgetary benefits,
the project holds significant social value for Uk-
raine. The O. V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry,
NASU, emphasizes its potential to improve the ef-
fectiveness and quality of medical care in the con-
text of military field medicine, as well as enhance
healthcare delivery in civilian medical institutions.
Following the approach outlined above, pro-
jects are underway for the production of fibrin gel
and collagen matrices, as well as for the commer-
cialization of several other innovative develop-
ments from NASU institutes, including:
Dielectric materials for microwave equipment.
Readiness level: IRL 7, TRL 7 (V.I. Vernadsky
Ins titute of General and Inorganic Chemist-
ry, NASU);
Integrated equipment and technology for pro-
ducing high-quality ingots and specialized pro fi-
18 ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Heyets, V. M.
les from deformable aluminum alloys. Readiness
level: IRL 9, TRL 9 (Physical-Technical Insti-
tute of Metals and Alloys, NASU);
High-capacity thermal energy storage units.
Readiness level: IRL 7, TRL 7 (Institute of Tech-
nical Thermophysics, NASU);
Heat storage and accumulation systems. Rea-
diness level: IRL 8, TRL 7 (Institute of Techni-
cal Thermophysics, NASU);
Gas-fired power plants and cogeneration units.
Readiness level: IRL 8, TRL 9 (Institute of Gas,
NASU);
Briquetting equipment with extended operatio-
nal life. Readiness level: IRL 8, TRL 8 (Z.I. Nek-
rasov Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy, NASU).
During the execution of these projects, NASU’s
innovative R&Ds are prioritized, and their com-
mercialization will be carried out with economic
justification, expert evaluation, and patent sup-
port. Through these projects, experience will be
gained in realizing the accumulated potential of
NASU’s innovations and expanding it across Uk-
raine, including for research institutes of other
national academies.
As a result, we can assert that:
Transformational changes in economic and in-
novation activities, driven by liberalization and
market transition, have, on one hand, led to de-
velopmental losses by partially primitivizing the
economic structure, increasing exogenous de-
pendence on resources, technology, and engi-
neering equipment; on the other hand, these
changes have set the stage not only for post-war
reconstruction but also for a technologically
and innovatively driven recovery, leveraging pri-
marily the existing technological potential de-
veloped through national R&D and the human
capital with world-class education levels;
The “new reality” on a global scale, characteri-
zed by uncertainty and instability, underscores
the importance of promoting endogenous fea-
tures in the interaction of innovation activities
within the economy. This approach aims to over-
come existing exogenous dependencies by le-
veraging the accumulated innovation potential
generated through national R&D, primarily via
the commercialization of research projects.
Strategically, the post-war reconstruction of Uk-
raine’s economy based on traditionally domi-
nant activities, even with opportunities for imp-
rovement, offers limited long-term prospects
for economic growth due to their inherent ex-
haustibility. This orientation highlights the need
for a long-term strategy focused on creating new
products through the expansion of national
startup activity, which plays a crucial role in ac-
celerating the transition of inventions from the
laboratory to the market.
The structure of NASU’s advanced R&D assets,
at the highest readiness levels, includes more
than 200 developments ready for implementa-
tion across key areas: energy and energy efficien-
cy (40 projects), constructional and functional
materials technology (34 projects), medical de-
vices and healthcare technologies (33 projects),
environmental protection and ecology (19 pro-
jects), among others. These assets provide a
strong foundation for expanding NASU’s partici-
pation in the practical application of research
through enhanced commercialization practices,
utilizing existing public investment mechanisms.
Funding. This work was carried out within the
framework of the research project Development of
Methodological Principles for the Economic Justifi-
cation of NASU Investment in R&D Projects (Cont-
ract No. 1, March 17, 2025).
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22 ISSN 2409-9066. Sci. innov. 2026. 22(3)
Heyets, V. M.
В.М. Геєць (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-6114)
Державна установа «Інститут економіки та прогнозування
Національної академії наук України»,
вул. Панаса Мирного, 26, Київ, 01011, Україна,
+380 44 280 1234, gvm@ief.org.ua
КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ПРІОРИТИЗАЦІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ РОЗРОБОК
НАН УКРАЇНИ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ
Вступ. Функціонування національної інноваційної системи визначається розширенням можливостей під-
вищення її результативності через комерціалізацію пріоритетних інноваційних розробок НАН України,
що мають найвищий рівень завершеності.
Проблематика. Актуальним є дослідження розв’язання проблемних питань розширення діяльності
академічних науково-дослідних установ в частині комерціалізації результатів досліджень і розробок (ДіР),
що суттєво трансформуватиме існуючу модель, за якою проводяться дослідження і пропонуються отри-
мані результати до впроваджень у бізнес-середовищі.
Мета. Обґрунтувати можливості вдосконалення національної інноваційної системи України шляхом
комерціалізації пріоритетних інноваційних розробок НАН України.
Матеріали й методи. Використано матеріали статистичних спостережень, публікації іноземних, націо-
нальних дослідників та міжнародних організацій. Застосовано монографічний, аналітичний та порів-
няльний методи на базі соціальних та статистичних спостережень.
Результати. На основі аналізу пріоритетного характеру інноваційних розробок НАН України, які гото-
ві для практичного впровадження із використанням запропонованої Інститутом економіки та прогнозу-
вання НАН України методики підготовки проєктів для комерціалізації ДіР, охарактеризовано їхній зміст
за видами діяльності.
Висновки. З метою подолання наявної в Україні обмеженості досвіду оцінювання перспектив пріори-
тизації, комерціалізації, економічного обґрунтування інноваційних проєктів, а також розрахунків ефектів
їхнього промислового масштабування та патентного супроводу прав інтелектуальної власності на науко-
во-технічні розробки з метою розбудови інноваційної системи в Україні доцільно розширити участь інсти-
тутів НАН України у комерціалізації ДіР на основі запропонованої методики Інституту економіки та про-
гнозування НАН України, започаткувавши діяльність академічних стартапів.
Ключові слова: економічна й інноваційна діяльність, трансформація, пріоритизація інноваційних розробок,
ринок, комерціалізація, кровоспинні засоби, ранозагоювальні засоби, економічна та соціальна ефективність.
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(January, 2024). OECD. OECD Publishing, Paris. URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/880f3195-en (Last accessed:
22.10.2025).
60. Pharmacy Market. Roots Analysis. 2024. URL: https://www.rootsanalysis.com/reports/pharmacy-market.html
(Last accessed: 01.10.2025).
Received 29.10.2025
Revised 30.10.2025
Accepted 30.10.2025
|
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| institution | Science and Innovation |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-18T01:01:15Z |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | PH “Akademperiodyka” |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | scinn-engorgua/2a/1bbd743c31a80af671891bce2008642a.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.scinn-eng.org.ua:article-12072026-06-17T11:30:40Z Commercialization and Prioritization of Innovative Developments by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine as Part of the National Innovation System КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ПРІОРИТИЗАЦІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ РОЗРОБОК НАН УКРАЇНИ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ HEYETS, V. економічна і інноваційна діяльність, трансформація, пріоритизація інноваційних розробок, ринок, комерціалізація, кровоспинні засоби, ранозагоювальні засоби, економічна та соціальна ефективність. economic and innovative activity, transformation, prioritization of innovative developments, market, commercialization, hemostatic agents, wound healing agents, economic and social efficiency. Introduction. The functioning of Ukraine’s national innovation systemhas provided significant opportunities to enhance its effectiveness through the commercialization of priority innovative developments with the highest level of readiness generated by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU).Problem Statement. Research on innovative developments has addressed critical issues related to expanding the activities of academic research institutions in the commercialization of their research and development (R&D) results.Purpose. This study has aimed to substantiate the potential for improving Ukraine’s national innovation system through the commercialization of priority innovative developments produced by NASU.Materials and Methods. The study has relied on statistical data, publications by Ukrainian and international scholars, and reports of international organizations. Monographic, analytical, and comparative methods based on socio-economic and statistical analysis have been applied.Results. The study has characterized NASU’s innovation developments that are ready for practical implementation, using a methodology for preparing R&D commercialization projects developed by the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NASU. The portfolio of prospective developments has been classified by fields of activity.Conclusions. To overcome Ukraine’s limited experience in prioritizing, commercializing, and economically justifying innovative projects — as well as in assessing the effects of industrial scaling and providing patent protection for intellectual property rights — the participation of NASU institutes in R&D commercialization has been expanded. A practical instrument for this process has been the methodology developed by the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NASU. This approach has contributed to strengthening Ukraine’s innovation system, particularly through the launch of various forms of academic startups. Вступ. Функціонування національної інноваційної системи визначається розширенням можливостей підвищення її результативності через комерціалізацію пріоритетних інноваційних розробок НАН України,що мають найвищий рівень завершеності.Проблематика. Актуальним є дослідження розв’язання проблемних питань розширення діяльностіакадемічних науково-дослідних установ в частині комерціалізації результатів досліджень і розробок (ДіР),що суттєво трансформуватиме існуючу модель, за якою проводяться дослідження і пропонуються отримані результати до впроваджень у бізнес-середовищі.Мета. Обґрунтувати можливості вдосконалення національної інноваційної системи України шляхомкомерціалізації пріоритетних інноваційних розробок НАН України.Матеріали й методи. Використано матеріали статистичних спостережень, публікації іноземних, національних дослідників та міжнародних організацій. Застосовано монографічний, аналітичний та порівняльний методи на базі соціальних та статистичних спостережень.Результати. На основі аналізу пріоритетного характеру інноваційних розробок НАН України, які готові для практичного впровадження із використанням запропонованої Інститутом економіки та прогнозування НАН України методики підготовки проєктів для комерціалізації ДіР, охарактеризовано їхній змістза видами діяльності.Висновки. З метою подолання наявної в Україні обмеженості досвіду оцінювання перспектив пріоритизації, комерціалізації, економічного обґрунтування інноваційних проєктів, а також розрахунків ефектів їхнього промислового масштабування та патентного супроводу прав інтелектуальної власності на науково-технічні розробки з метою розбудови інноваційної системи в Україні доцільно розширити участь інститутів НАН України у комерціалізації ДіР на основі запропонованої методики Інституту економіки та прогнозування НАН України, започаткувавши діяльність академічних стартапів. PH “Akademperiodyka” 2026-06-17 Article Article Рецензована стаття Peer-reviewed article application/pdf https://scinn-eng.org.ua/ojs/index.php/ni/article/view/1207 10.15407/scine22.03.003 Science and Innovation; Том 22 № 3 (2026): Science and Innovation; 3-22 Science and Innovation; Vol. 22 No. 3 (2026): Science and Innovation; 3-22 2413-4996 2409-9066 10.15407/scine22.03 en https://scinn-eng.org.ua/ojs/index.php/ni/article/view/1207/320 Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright Notice Authors published in the journal “Science and Innovation” agree to the following conditions: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication. Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of their work (article) published in the journal “Science and Innovation” (for example, place it in an institutional repository or publish in their book), while confirming its initial publication in the journal “Science and innovation.” Authors are allowed to place their work on the Internet (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| spellingShingle | економічна і інноваційна діяльність трансформація пріоритизація інноваційних розробок ринок комерціалізація кровоспинні засоби ранозагоювальні засоби економічна та соціальна ефективність. HEYETS, V. КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ПРІОРИТИЗАЦІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ РОЗРОБОК НАН УКРАЇНИ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ |
| title | КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ПРІОРИТИЗАЦІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ РОЗРОБОК НАН УКРАЇНИ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ |
| title_alt | Commercialization and Prioritization of Innovative Developments by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine as Part of the National Innovation System |
| title_full | КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ПРІОРИТИЗАЦІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ РОЗРОБОК НАН УКРАЇНИ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ |
| title_fullStr | КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ПРІОРИТИЗАЦІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ РОЗРОБОК НАН УКРАЇНИ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ |
| title_full_unstemmed | КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ПРІОРИТИЗАЦІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ РОЗРОБОК НАН УКРАЇНИ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ |
| title_short | КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ПРІОРИТИЗАЦІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ РОЗРОБОК НАН УКРАЇНИ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ |
| title_sort | комерціалізація та пріоритизація інноваційних розробок нан україни як складової національної інноваційної системи |
| topic | економічна і інноваційна діяльність трансформація пріоритизація інноваційних розробок ринок комерціалізація кровоспинні засоби ранозагоювальні засоби економічна та соціальна ефективність. |
| topic_facet | економічна і інноваційна діяльність трансформація пріоритизація інноваційних розробок ринок комерціалізація кровоспинні засоби ранозагоювальні засоби економічна та соціальна ефективність. economic and innovative activity transformation prioritization of innovative developments market commercialization hemostatic agents wound healing agents economic and social efficiency. |
| url | https://scinn-eng.org.ua/ojs/index.php/ni/article/view/1207 |
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