ОЦІНКА ПАТОГЕНОСТІ ҐРУНТОВОГО ГРИБА TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505
Assessment of pathogenic properties of the soil antagonist fungus Trichoderma viride Pers was performed in vivisection on white mice model. During the experiments the LD50 of strain was established, followed by the study of pathological and bacteriological tests of the internal organs of laboratory...
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| Дата: | 2014 |
|---|---|
| Автори: | , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська Українська |
| Опубліковано: |
Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine
2014
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| Онлайн доступ: | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/155 |
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| Назва журналу: | Agriciltural microbiology |
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Репозитарії
Agriciltural microbiology| _version_ | 1871465624322965504 |
|---|---|
| author | Кравченко, Н. О. Копилов, Є. П. Головач, О. В. Дмитрук, О. М. |
| author_facet | Кравченко, Н. О. Копилов, Є. П. Головач, О. В. Дмитрук, О. М. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Н. О. Кравченко",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "Є. П. Копилов",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "О. В. Головач",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "О. М. Дмитрук",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
}
] |
| author_sort | Кравченко, Н. О. |
| baseUrl_str | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T10:10:43Z |
| description | Assessment of pathogenic properties of the soil antagonist fungus Trichoderma viride Pers was performed in vivisection on white mice model. During the experiments the LD50 of strain was established, followed by the study of pathological and bacteriological tests of the internal organs of laboratory animals. According to the results obtained, Trichoderma viride Pers 505 strain belongs to a group of the avirulent microorganisms, not capable to invade internal organs of studied warm-blooded animals and cannot be considered as pathogenic. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.35868/1997-3004.20.23-28 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:24:09Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
ASSESSMENT OF PATHOGENICITY OF SOIL FUNGI
TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505
N. О. Kravchenko, Ye. P. Kopylov, О. V. Holovach, О. М. Dmytruk
World practice proves the existence of
the trend of increasing crop losses resulting
from the activity of harmful organisms. This
cannot be prevented by the use of chemical
plant-protection agents and disease-resistant
crop varieties. Therefore, many developed
countries have urgent need for decreasing of
pesticide use because of negative phenomena
arising from their widespread use.
The above leads to the search for new
methods of protecting plants against diseases
that are more advanced than traditional. An
integrated plant protection was and remains
an alternative to a chemical method, an
important component of which is a biological
method, in particular, the use of microbial
preparations. Microbial preparations do not
pollute the environment, show high selective
effect, and are suitable for production. When
they are used, crop products do not contain
pesticide residues, chemical load on the
environment decreases.
The representatives of widespread soil
micromycetes of Trichoderma Pers. genus
cause the greatest interest among bio-agents
of microbial preparations for protection of
plants from root disease pathogens.
Trichoderma genus fungi are characterized by
antibiotic and antagonistic properties.
An antagonistic effect of Trichoderma
genus fungi is subject to its ability to form
antibiotics (gliotoxin, viridin, alamecin etc.),
hydrolytic enzymes, and actively compete in
the development of nutrient substrate and
show biparasitic activity [1-3].
Works, devoted to the study of
antagonistic properties of this fungi genus and
the efficiency of their use as plant protection
remedies from pathogens, have a long history.
It was established that Trichoderma lignorum
and T. harzianum inhibit the development of
Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F.
roseum, F. solani and Bipolaris sorokiniana
both in the laboratory and in field
experiments. Adding of these antagonists into
the soil contributes to a significant restriction
of root rot of spring wheat, spring barley,
cotton, melons [4; 5].
The data obtained by British
researchers [6] prove the antagonistic activity
of Trichoderma species as for
phytopathogenic fungus Pseudocercosporella
herpotrichoides. The authors note that among
the studied micromycetes-antagonists
belonging to different genera, the
representatives of Trichoderma genus most
actively inhibited the growth of the pathogen.
The conducted studies are of interest because
pathogen Pseudocercosporella
herpotrichoides (Fron.) Deighton (known as
Cercosporella herpotrichoides Fron. until
1973) is a causative agent of Cercosporella rot
of barley and other grains [7], and causes
blackening and dying of roots, and coleoptile.
Antagonistic relationships occur
between Trichoderma harzianum and
phytopathogenic fungi of Pythium genus.
Thus, experiments conducted in Israel,
convincingly proved that T. harzianum bio-
agent sharply limited the development of root
rot of peas, cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers.
Biological efficacy of this antagonist against
the said disease was 76-88% [8].
Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma
is detected during the interaction with
Sclerotium rolfsii – a causative agent of
charcoal rot of sugar beet, Gaemannomyces
graminis – a causative agent of root rot of
barley and other spring crops. An antagonism
in this case is subject to biparasitic activity
and formation of toxins, antibiotics [9].
Noteworthy are the works, which
reveal the mechanism of action of
Trichoderma species. Thus, the antagonistic
effect of Trichoderma spp. as for
phytopathogenic fungi Pythium sp., which
together were grown in a Petri dish, is
explained by the factor that caused cells
plasmolysis of hyphae tips of Pythium sp.
before osculation with an antagonist [10]. In
this case, the authors dealt with volatile
antibiotic substances, many studies with
which were conducted by V. Y. Bilai [2]. It
was also established that Trichoderma spp. is
characterized by chemo-tropical reaction and
the ability to recognize phytopathogenic fungi
at a distance. Apparently, lectins play an
important role in the interaction of host and
parasite cells. An antagonist begins to
produce lytic enzymes only after the
recognition and attachment to the cell wall of
the fungus host. Antagonist enzymes are able
to decompose the polymers contained in the
cell walls of pathogenic fungi. The existence
of active chitinase and ß-glucanase in the soil
inhabited by fungi Trichoderma genus may be
some evidence to this [11].
Search of active strains of fungi of
Trichoderma genus - potential agents of
biological preparations, is carried out in many
academic institutions. One of the
requirements for future strains is that along
with high antagonistic activity against plant
pathogens, they should be safe for humans
and warm-blooded animals.
The goal of our work was to study the
pathogenic properties of soil fungus
Trichoderma viride Pers 505, which is
characterized by high antagonistic and
antibiotic activity and can be the basis for a
biological preparation for protection of plants
from pathogens.
Materials and methods. Fungus T.
viride Pers 505 was grown for 7 days on a
wort agar with mass fraction of solids of
3.5%, pH 7.0 at the temperature of 27°C.
Spore-mycelial fungus mixture was used for
the study. The homogenized suspension of
spore-mycelial fungus mixture for
administration in animals was prepared on a
sterile isotonic sodium chloride mixture
followed the preliminary two-time washing
off metabolites and sedimentation of cells by
centrifugation for 20 min. at 2000 rpm. To
prepare the use rates of fungus cells in
suspension Goriaiev chamber was used.
Testing of pathogenic properties of
soil fungus strain was performed in acute
experiments on white mice models. Outbred
mature mice weighing 18-20 g orally received
spore-mycelial fungus mixture through a
gastric tube and intraperitoneally through
injection. For oral administration doses of
1.0x106; 4.0x107; 1.0x108 cells per mouse
were used, and for intraperitoneal injection –
doses of 1.0x107 and 1.0x108 cells per mouse
[12]. Mice were pre-conditioned to husbandry
for 14 days. Care and follow-up over the
animals were carried out daily within 20 days
after the administration of the study material
[12; 13].
At the end of follow-up over the
behavioural reactions and physiological
condition of mice they were sacrificed, with
subsequent autopsy, microscopic studies of
impression smears of internal organs and
inoculation of tissue samples (liver, kidney,
spleen) onto elective digest medium.
Keeping, feeding, grooming and all
manipulations with laboratory animals were
conducted under the European Convention for
the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for
Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes
(Strasbourg, 1986) [14] and General ethic
principles of animal experimentation adopted
by the First National Congress of Bioethics
(Kyiv, 2001) [15]. Experiments were
conducted in compliance with the principles
of humanity given in the European Union
Directive [16].
The virulence, which is generally
accepted conditional measure of
pathogenicity, of fungus studied strains was
established by the level of the dose of viable
microbial cells that causes death in 50% of
infected animals (LD50). The criterion of
avirulence of a microorganism was absence of
death in mice within 20 days and specific for
infectious diseases changes in the internal
organs of animals at autopsy.
The infectivity (invasiveness) of strain
was estimated by determining the capability
of the microorganism cells for the
dissemination into the tissues of internal
organs of animals after a single oral
administration (per os) of suspensions of an
investigated fungus into the macroorganism.
Absence of growth of the fungus on wort agar
after inoculation of the samples of internal
organs pointed to non-infectivity (non-
invasiveness) of an investigated
microorganism.
Therefore, both oral and
intraperitoneal administration of the
suspension of alive cells of Trichoderma
viride Pers 505 strain do not lead to bacteria
invasion into the internal organs of animals.
Pathological and bacteriological study of
internal organs of experimental animals have
shown that Trichoderma viride Pers 505 is
not infective, does not either disseminate nor
reproduce in warm-blooded animals. The
avirulence of fungus strain for warm-blooded
animals is confirmed by average lethal doses
for both oral administration and
intraperitoneal injection.
Thus, according to the obtained
results, Trichoderma viride Pers 505 belongs
to the group of avirulent microorganisms, not
capable to invade internal organs of studied
warm-blooded animals and can be considered
as non-pathogenic.
|
| id | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-155 |
| institution | Agriciltural microbiology |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:04:59Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | smicinua/9a/d8239cf59f699e04c7d1b4efbf82769a.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-1552026-07-22T10:10:43Z ASSESSMENT OF PATHOGENICITY OF SOIL FUNGI TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505 ОЦІНКА ПАТОГЕНОСТІ ҐРУНТОВОГО ГРИБА TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505 Кравченко, Н. О. Копилов, Є. П. Головач, О. В. Дмитрук, О. М. Trichoderma viride Pers, virulence, pathogenicity, infectivity (invasiveness) Trichoderma viride Pers, вірулентність, патогенність, інфективність (інвазивність) Assessment of pathogenic properties of the soil antagonist fungus Trichoderma viride Pers was performed in vivisection on white mice model. During the experiments the LD50 of strain was established, followed by the study of pathological and bacteriological tests of the internal organs of laboratory animals. According to the results obtained, Trichoderma viride Pers 505 strain belongs to a group of the avirulent microorganisms, not capable to invade internal organs of studied warm-blooded animals and cannot be considered as pathogenic. Перевірку патогенних властивостей ґрунтового гриба-антагоніста Trichoderma viride Pers виконано у гострих дослідах на моделі білих мишей. Визначено LD50 штаму, проведено патологоанатомічні та бактеріологічні дослідження внутрішніх органів лабораторних тварин. Згідно отриманих результатів T. viride Pers 505 належить до групи авірулентних мікроорганізмів, не здатних до інвазії у внутрішні органи досліджуваних теплокровних тварин і може вважатися непатогенним. Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2014-12-22 Article Article Рецензована Стаття application/pdf application/pdf https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/155 10.35868/1997-3004.20.23-28 Agricultural microbiology; Vol. 20 (2014): Agriciltural microbiology; 23-28 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; Том 20 (2014): Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; 23-28 1997-3004 10.35868/1997-3004.20 en uk https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/155/195 https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/155/196 Авторське право (c) 2014 N. О. Kravchenko, Ye. P. Kopylov, О. V. Holovach, О. М. Dmytruk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Trichoderma viride Pers вірулентність патогенність інфективність (інвазивність) Кравченко, Н. О. Копилов, Є. П. Головач, О. В. Дмитрук, О. М. ОЦІНКА ПАТОГЕНОСТІ ҐРУНТОВОГО ГРИБА TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505 |
| title | ОЦІНКА ПАТОГЕНОСТІ ҐРУНТОВОГО ГРИБА TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505 |
| title_alt | ASSESSMENT OF PATHOGENICITY OF SOIL FUNGI TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505 |
| title_full | ОЦІНКА ПАТОГЕНОСТІ ҐРУНТОВОГО ГРИБА TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505 |
| title_fullStr | ОЦІНКА ПАТОГЕНОСТІ ҐРУНТОВОГО ГРИБА TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505 |
| title_full_unstemmed | ОЦІНКА ПАТОГЕНОСТІ ҐРУНТОВОГО ГРИБА TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505 |
| title_short | ОЦІНКА ПАТОГЕНОСТІ ҐРУНТОВОГО ГРИБА TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505 |
| title_sort | оцінка патогеності ґрунтового гриба trichoderma viride 505 |
| topic | Trichoderma viride Pers вірулентність патогенність інфективність (інвазивність) |
| topic_facet | Trichoderma viride Pers virulence pathogenicity infectivity (invasiveness) Trichoderma viride Pers вірулентність патогенність інфективність (інвазивність) |
| url | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/155 |
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