РОЗВИТОК БАКТЕРІЙ АЗОТНОГО ЦИКЛУ В РИЗОСФЕРІ РОСЛИН ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗА ДІЇ ДОБРИВ ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ БАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ
The paper depicts the research results of development of bacteria of the nitrogen cycle in the root zone of winter wheat plants (variety Sonechko) under the use of microbial preparation Polymyxobacterin and different doses of mineral fertilizers. It was established that split application of fertiliz...
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2014 |
|---|---|
| Автори: | , , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська Українська |
| Опубліковано: |
Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine
2014
|
| Теми: | |
| Онлайн доступ: | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/184 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Agriciltural microbiology |
| Завантажити файл: |  |
Репозитарії
Agriciltural microbiology| _version_ | 1871465679690924032 |
|---|---|
| author | Ковпак, П. В. Волкогон, К. І. Журба, М. А. Штанько, Н. П. Ларченко, І. В. |
| author_facet | Ковпак, П. В. Волкогон, К. І. Журба, М. А. Штанько, Н. П. Ларченко, І. В. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "П. В. Ковпак",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "К. І. Волкогон",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "М. А. Журба",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "Н. П. Штанько",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "І. В. Ларченко",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
}
] |
| author_sort | Ковпак, П. В. |
| baseUrl_str | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T10:10:44Z |
| description | The paper depicts the research results of development of bacteria of the nitrogen cycle in the root zone of winter wheat plants (variety Sonechko) under the use of microbial preparation Polymyxobacterin and different doses of mineral fertilizers. It was established that split application of fertilizers at doses that do not exceed N60P60K60 and pre-sowing seeds bacterization had optimized the composition of microbial associations in the root zone of plants. The increase of fertilizers doses was followed by the negative changes in the number of bacteria of different functional groups. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.35868/1997-3004.18.64-74 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:24:20Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
DEVELOPMENT OF BACTERIA OF NITROGEN CYCLE IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF
WINTER WHEAT PLANTS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS
BACKGROUNDS AND PRE-SOWING SEEDS BACTERIZATION
Kovpak P.V., Volkogon E.I., Zhurba M.A., Shtanko N.P., Larchenko І.V.
Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agricultural Production NAAS
97, Shevchenko str., Chernihiv, 14027, Ukraine
E-mail: polyakovpak@rambler.ru
The paper depicts the research results of development of bacteria of the nitrogen cycle in the root
zone of winter wheat plants (variety Sonechko) under the use of microbial preparation Polymyxobacterin
and different doses of mineral fertilizers. It was established that split application of fertilizers at doses
that do not exceed N60P60K60 and pre-sowing seeds bacterization had optimized the composition of
microbial associations in the root zone of plants. The increase of fertilizers doses was followed by the
negative changes in the number of bacteria of different functional groups.
Key words: bacteria, that transform nitrogen compounds, fertilizers, Polymyxobacterin, winter
wheat.
Nitrogen has the biggest impact on the among all major nutrient elements on the plant productivity
and quality of the crop in all soil-climatic zones of Ukraine. Thus, in accordance to the general data
available the recoupment of one kilogram of nitrogen in increments of winter wheat yield ranges from 3
to 5 kg of grain in the steppe zone and from 7 to 9 kg – in Forrest Steppe and Polissya zones [1].
In recent decades, the notable success in the study of the peculiarities of the biological
transformation of nitrogen in soils was achieved changing the understanding of the contribution of soil
microorganisms in the general circulation of nitrogen in the biosphere. However, new knowledge has not
yet been taken into account when developing strategies that address important practical problems of
mankind, including food security of the world population [2].
Microorganisms play the main role in transformation of nitrogen. Insufficient attention to the
microbiological factor of nitrogen transformation in the soil is one of the reasons of unbalanced plants
supply with nitrogen, excessive accumulation of nitrate in the products, low efficiency of nitrogen
fertilizers use, massive pollution of biosphere with nitrogen oxides [3]. In this context, the aim of given
research was to study the number of bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle in the root zone of winter
wheat plants under the influence of fertilizers and such an important correction factor of microbial
communities in the root zone of plants as a pre-sowing seeds bacterization.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2011–2013, on winter wheat plants of
Sonechko variety in a stationary field experiment (short crop rotation system) of the Institute for
Agricultural Microbiology and Agricultural Production NAAS on meadow black soils containing 2.12%
of humus, 95.2 mg/kg of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, 226 mg/kg of phosphorus, 108 mg/kg of
exchangeable potassium; pHsalt – 5.30. Experiment scheme had the following options: 1 – without
fertilizer (control); 2 – N30P30K30 (N20 + N10 in autumn, at tillering stage); 3 – N60P60K60 (N20 + N40 in
autumn, at tillering stage); 4 – N90P90K90 (N20 + N40 in autumn, at tillering stage + N30 in tubing stage);
5–8 – same variants + bacterization. Plots area – 86.4 m2 (7.2 x 12.0), repetition of the experiment – four
fold. General agriculture cultivation technologies used for winter wheat in Polissya region were
performed. Pre-sowing bacterization of winter wheat seeds was performed according to the SOU 01.11-
37-782:2008 using microbial preparation Polymyxobacterin [4].
Microbiological analysis of rhizosphere soil samples were taken during the following stages of
wheat plants ontogenesis: tubing, flowering and milky-wax ripeness. The number of ammonifier bacteria
were determined by dilutions method of studied suspension on meat peptonic agar (MPA). The number of
organisms capable of utilizing mineral forms of nitrogen were determined on starch-ammonium agar
(SAA) [5]. The number of nitrogen fixing and denitrifying bacteria was determined by standard methods
[5–7].
Field experiments and statistical analysis of the results were performed by conventional methods
[8].
Results and discussion. Analysis of the research results had shown that formation peculiarities of
different groups of microorganisms of nitrogen cycle in the rhizosphere of wheat plants were similar
throughout all years of study, although had differ in absolute values.
Thus, the dynamics changes of microorganisms’ number in these niches in 2013 had indicated that
number of ammonifier bacteria had increased along with the increasing doses of mineral fertilizers,
especially in variants with Polymyxobacterin (Fig. 1). At the beginning of the growing season the number
of named microorganisms had increased from 17.3 million / g soil (N60P60K60) to 21.8 million / g soil in
variant with microbial preparation on N60P60K60 background. At flowering stage the number of
ammonifiers in control variant was 12.9 million / g soil while in variant with Polymyxobacterin – 19.6
million / g soil. Also, the intensive development ammonifier bacteria was observed in the variant with
microbial preparation on a background of the highest dose of fertilizers (N90P90K90) and was 29.1 million
/ g soil, whereas in variant without bacterization – 22.2 million / g soil. At the end of the growing season
the number of bacteria in variants with minimal mineral fertilizers dozes (N30P30K30) was 10.5 million / g
soil and had risen to 15.9 million / g soil in variant with Polymyxobacterin. The growth of ammonifier
microorganisms in rhizosphere soil under the use of Polymyxobacterin is associated with the higher
amount of root exudates of bacterized plants. According to the literature the composition of root exudates
may have higher amount of organic nitrogen compounds depending on fertilization background [8].
It was established that the number of bacteria that utilize mineral nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil
of winter wheat plants was also increasing along with the increasing doses of fertilizers. Thus, in tubbing
stage the number of bacteria had increased from 20.0 million/g soil in control to 39.7 m/g soil in variant
with N90P90K90). However, the intensity of bacteria growth had decreased in all experimental variants
under the influence of microbial preparation except for the variant without fertilizers (Fig. 2).
These features might be explained by the decrease of the trophic substrate in root zones of
bacterized plants due to the more intensive assimilation of mineral nitrogen. The improvement of the
assimilation degree of nitrogen fertilizer in bacterized plants was previously shown in experiments with
the heavy stable isotope 15N [9].
Experimental data had shown the growth of nitrogen fixing bacteria at tubing stage from
282,500.0 thousand / g dry soil in control to 508,500.0 thousand / g dry soil in variants with the lowest
dose of fertilizer used N30P30K30. The same effect was observed during blooming stagein the variants with
the average doses of mineral fertilizers – 1064.0 thousand / g dry soil as compared to 734.5 thousand / g
dry soil. At the end of the growing season of winter wheat plants an increase in the number of nitrogen
fixing bacteria was observed from 862.5 thousand / g dry soil in control to 10 640.0 thousand / g dry soil
in the variant with N60P60K60 doses of mineral fertilizers (Table 1). Plants bacterization with
Polymyxobacterin had no effect on the growth of nitrogen fixing bacteria since the plant growth
stimulating bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa KB (active agent of microbial preparation
Polymyxobacterin) does not fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Developmental dynamics of denitrifying bacteria had indicated that application of high doses of
fertilizers contributes to the increase of their number during all growth phases of winter wheat plants.
However, the use of Polymyxobacterin induces some changes. Thus, the number of denitrifying bacteria
in root zones of winter wheat plants had decreased. For example, at the phase of milky-wax ripeness in
variants with Polymyxobacterin and mineral fertilizers N60P60K60 the number of denitrifying
microorganisms was 4,995.0 thousand/g soil, while in variant without bacterization on the same
background the number of studied bacteria had reached 8,400.0 thousand / g soil (Table 2).
The effect of the microbial preparation on the reduction of the number of denitrifying bacteria can
be explained by the fact that winter wheat plants initiated with bacterization had developed more
intensively, utilizing more nitrogen from fertilizers, thereby depriving nitrate respiration substrate for
denitrifying bacteria. For sure, this effect will be observed only at application of physiologically
appropriate doses of mineral nitrogen.
12
,4 14
,7
17
,3 17
,9
18
,4
18
21
,8
20
,4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
W
ith
ou
t f
er
til
iz
er
s
M
in
er
al
(N
30
P3
0K
30
)
M
in
er
al
(N
60
P6
0K
60
)
M
in
er
al
(N
90
P9
0K
90
)
N
um
be
r
of
m
ic
ro
or
ga
ni
sm
s,
m
ln
/
g
so
il
Without bacterization Polymyxobacterin
Variants
12
,9
15
,6
20
22
,2
19
,6 21
,3 23
,4
29
,1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
W
ith
ou
t f
er
til
iz
er
s
M
in
er
al
(N
30
P3
0K
30
)
M
in
er
al
(N
60
P6
0K
60
)
M
in
er
al
(N
90
P9
0K
90
)
N
um
be
r
of
m
ic
ro
or
ga
ni
sm
s,
m
ln
/
g
so
il
Without bacterization Polymyxobacterin
Variants
9,
8 10
,5 12
,3
8,
89,
6
15
,9
15
,1
19
,5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
W
ith
ou
t f
er
til
iz
er
s
M
in
er
al
(N
30
P3
0K
30
)
M
in
er
al
(N
60
P6
0K
60
)
M
in
er
al
(N
90
P9
0K
90
)
N
um
be
r
of
m
ic
ro
or
ga
ni
sm
s,
m
ln
/
g
so
il
Without bacterization Polymyxobacterin
Variants
Tubing stage Flowering stage Milky-wax stage
Fig. 1. Influence of bacterization and fertilizers on the number of ammonifier bacteria in rhizosphere soil of winter wheat plants of Sonechko variety
20
24
,9 28
,3
39
,7
19
,7 20
,6
25
,5
33
,1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
W
ith
ou
t f
er
til
iz
er
s
M
in
er
al
(N
30
P3
0K
30
)
M
in
er
al
(N
60
P6
0K
60
)
M
in
er
al
(N
90
P9
0K
90
)
N
um
be
r
of
m
ic
ro
or
ga
ni
sm
s,
m
ln
/
g
so
il
Without bacterization Polymyxobacterin
Variants
9,
3
35
,1 36
,3
40
,1
9,
3
24 24
,6
28
,2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
W
ith
ou
t f
er
til
iz
er
s
M
in
er
al
(N
30
P3
0K
30
)
M
in
er
al
(N
60
P6
0K
60
)
M
in
er
al
(N
90
P9
0K
90
)
N
um
be
r
of
m
ic
ro
or
ga
ni
sm
s,
m
ln
/
g
so
il
Without bacterization Polymyxobacterin
Variants
12
,5
21
,2
39
,6
39
,6
19
,8
14
,6
29
39
,5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
W
ith
ou
t f
er
til
iz
er
s
M
in
er
al
(N
30
P3
0K
30
)
M
in
er
al
(N
60
P6
0K
60
)
M
in
er
al
(N
90
P9
0K
90
)
N
um
be
r
of
m
ic
ro
or
ga
ni
sm
s,
m
ln
/
g
so
il
Without bacterization Polymyxobacterin
Variants
Tubing stage Flowering stage Milky-wax stage
Fig. 2. Influence of bacterization and fertilizers on the number of microorganisms that utilize mineral forms of nitrogen
in rhizosphere soil of winter wheat plants of Sonechko variety
Table 1. Influence of bacterization and fertilizers on the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria in
rhizosphere soil of winter wheat plants of Sonechko variety, thousand / g dry soil
Variants Tubing stage Flowering stage Milky-wax stage
Without bacterization
Without fertilizers (control) 282 500,0 734,5 862,5
N30P30K30 508 500,0 832,5 1 083,0
N60P60K60 339 000,0 1 064,0 10 640,0
N90P90K90 226 000,0 840,0 2 825,0
Bacterization with Polymyxobacterin
Without fertilizers 224 000,0 728,0 847,5
N30P30K30 508 500,0 840,0 1 680,0
N60P60K60 282 500,0 1 288,0 12 210,0
N90P90K90 280 000,0 1 064,0 2 775,0
Table 2. Influence of bacterization and fertilizers on the number of denitrifying bacteria in
rhizosphere soil of winter wheat plants of Sonechko variety, thousand / g dry soil
Variants Tubing stage Flowering stage Milky-wax stage
Without bacterization
Without fertilizers (control) 2 800,0 7 345,0 2 875,0
N30P30K30 2 825,0 8 325,0 2 850,0
N60P60K60 8 475,0 10 640,0 8 400,0
N90P90K90 10 735,0 16 800,0 10 735,0
Bacterization with Polymyxobacterin
Without fertilizers 2 240,0 7 280,0 508,5
N30P30K30 2 825,0 8 400,0 1 064,0
N60P60K60 10 070,0 10 640,0 4 995,0
N90P90K90 10 640,0 16 800,0 8 325,0
Analysis of the quantity dynamics of microorganisms that transform nitrogen compounds in
rhizosphere soil of winter wheat plants of Sonechko variety indicates the positive effect of mineral
fertilizers in doses not exceeding N60P60K60 on changes in groups of microorganisms. Further increase of
level of mineral fertilization ensures negative fluctuations in the microbial composition – growth of
number of microorganisms that utilize mineral forms of nitrogen and denitrifying bacteria, followed by
the reduction of number of nitrogen fixing bacteria. Microbial preparation was shown to be an important
factor influencing the state of microbial communities. It was shown that plants bacterization with
Polymyxobacterin had enhanced mineral nutrition of plants, followed by decrease of quantity of
denitrifying bacteria and microorganisms, that utilize mineral forms of nitrogen.
|
| id | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-184 |
| institution | Agriciltural microbiology |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:05:52Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | smicinua/19/6e93843270076e941ab5d392123af719.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-1842026-07-22T10:10:44Z DEVELOPMENT OF BACTERIA OF NITROGEN CYCLE IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF WINTER WHEAT PLANTS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS BACKGROUNDS AND PRE-SOWING SEEDS BACTERIZATION РОЗВИТОК БАКТЕРІЙ АЗОТНОГО ЦИКЛУ В РИЗОСФЕРІ РОСЛИН ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗА ДІЇ ДОБРИВ ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ БАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ Ковпак, П. В. Волкогон, К. І. Журба, М. А. Штанько, Н. П. Ларченко, І. В. bacteria, that transform nitrogen compounds, fertilizers, Polymyxobacterin, winter wheat бактерії, що трансформують сполуки азоту, мінеральні добрива, Поліміксобактерин, пшениця озима The paper depicts the research results of development of bacteria of the nitrogen cycle in the root zone of winter wheat plants (variety Sonechko) under the use of microbial preparation Polymyxobacterin and different doses of mineral fertilizers. It was established that split application of fertilizers at doses that do not exceed N60P60K60 and pre-sowing seeds bacterization had optimized the composition of microbial associations in the root zone of plants. The increase of fertilizers doses was followed by the negative changes in the number of bacteria of different functional groups. Наведено результати досліджень впливу мікробного препарату Поліміксобактерину та різних доз мінеральних добрив на розвиток бактерій азотного циклу в ризосферному ґрунті рослин пшениці озимої сорту Сонечко. Встановлено, що роздрібне внесення мінеральних добрив у дозах, які не перевищують N60P60K60, та бактеризація насіння оптимізує склад мікробного угруповання у кореневій зоні рослин. Підвищення дози мінеральних добрив супроводжується негативними змінами в чисельності представників окремих функціональних груп мікроорганізмів. Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2014-03-31 Article Article Рецензована Стаття application/pdf application/pdf https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/184 10.35868/1997-3004.18.64-74 Agricultural microbiology; Vol. 18 (2014): Agriciltural microbiology; 64-74 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; Том 18 (2014): Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; 64-74 1997-3004 10.35868/1997-3004.18 en uk https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/184/249 https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/184/250 Авторське право (c) 2014 P.V. Kovpak , E.I. Volkogon , M.A. Zhurba , N.P. Shtanko , І.V. Larchenko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | бактерії що трансформують сполуки азоту мінеральні добрива Поліміксобактерин пшениця озима Ковпак, П. В. Волкогон, К. І. Журба, М. А. Штанько, Н. П. Ларченко, І. В. РОЗВИТОК БАКТЕРІЙ АЗОТНОГО ЦИКЛУ В РИЗОСФЕРІ РОСЛИН ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗА ДІЇ ДОБРИВ ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ БАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title | РОЗВИТОК БАКТЕРІЙ АЗОТНОГО ЦИКЛУ В РИЗОСФЕРІ РОСЛИН ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗА ДІЇ ДОБРИВ ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ БАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title_alt | DEVELOPMENT OF BACTERIA OF NITROGEN CYCLE IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF WINTER WHEAT PLANTS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS BACKGROUNDS AND PRE-SOWING SEEDS BACTERIZATION |
| title_full | РОЗВИТОК БАКТЕРІЙ АЗОТНОГО ЦИКЛУ В РИЗОСФЕРІ РОСЛИН ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗА ДІЇ ДОБРИВ ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ БАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title_fullStr | РОЗВИТОК БАКТЕРІЙ АЗОТНОГО ЦИКЛУ В РИЗОСФЕРІ РОСЛИН ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗА ДІЇ ДОБРИВ ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ БАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title_full_unstemmed | РОЗВИТОК БАКТЕРІЙ АЗОТНОГО ЦИКЛУ В РИЗОСФЕРІ РОСЛИН ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗА ДІЇ ДОБРИВ ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ БАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title_short | РОЗВИТОК БАКТЕРІЙ АЗОТНОГО ЦИКЛУ В РИЗОСФЕРІ РОСЛИН ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗА ДІЇ ДОБРИВ ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ БАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title_sort | розвиток бактерій азотного циклу в ризосфері рослин пшениці озимої за дії добрив та передпосівної бактеризації |
| topic | бактерії що трансформують сполуки азоту мінеральні добрива Поліміксобактерин пшениця озима |
| topic_facet | bacteria that transform nitrogen compounds fertilizers Polymyxobacterin winter wheat бактерії що трансформують сполуки азоту мінеральні добрива Поліміксобактерин пшениця озима |
| url | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/184 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kovpakpv developmentofbacteriaofnitrogencycleintherhizosphereofwinterwheatplantsundertheinfluenceofdifferentfertilizersbackgroundsandpresowingseedsbacterization AT volkogonkí developmentofbacteriaofnitrogencycleintherhizosphereofwinterwheatplantsundertheinfluenceofdifferentfertilizersbackgroundsandpresowingseedsbacterization AT žurbama developmentofbacteriaofnitrogencycleintherhizosphereofwinterwheatplantsundertheinfluenceofdifferentfertilizersbackgroundsandpresowingseedsbacterization AT štanʹkonp developmentofbacteriaofnitrogencycleintherhizosphereofwinterwheatplantsundertheinfluenceofdifferentfertilizersbackgroundsandpresowingseedsbacterization AT larčenkoív developmentofbacteriaofnitrogencycleintherhizosphereofwinterwheatplantsundertheinfluenceofdifferentfertilizersbackgroundsandpresowingseedsbacterization AT kovpakpv rozvitokbakteríjazotnogocikluvrizosferíroslinpšenicíozimoízadíídobrivtaperedposívnoíbakterizacíí AT volkogonkí rozvitokbakteríjazotnogocikluvrizosferíroslinpšenicíozimoízadíídobrivtaperedposívnoíbakterizacíí AT žurbama rozvitokbakteríjazotnogocikluvrizosferíroslinpšenicíozimoízadíídobrivtaperedposívnoíbakterizacíí AT štanʹkonp rozvitokbakteríjazotnogocikluvrizosferíroslinpšenicíozimoízadíídobrivtaperedposívnoíbakterizacíí AT larčenkoív rozvitokbakteríjazotnogocikluvrizosferíroslinpšenicíozimoízadíídobrivtaperedposívnoíbakterizacíí |