ОСОбЛИВОСТІ ПРОЦЕСу НІТРИФІКАЦІЇ В КОРЕНЕВІЙ ЗОНІ РОСЛИН ЖИТА ОЗИМОгО ЗА ДІЇ МІНЕРАЛьНОгО АЗОТу ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ бАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ
The paper studies the influence of mineral nitrogen and presowing seeds bakterization on the activity of autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification in rhizosphere soil of winter rye plants. Increasing doses of mineral nitrogen enhance nitrification activity. Application of microbial preparation Dia...
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Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine
2013
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Agriciltural microbiology| _version_ | 1871465721813270528 |
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| author | Чучвага , І.Г. Волкогон , В.В. |
| author_facet | Чучвага , І.Г. Волкогон , В.В. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "І.Г. Чучвага ",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "В.В. Волкогон ",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
}
] |
| author_sort | Чучвага , І.Г. |
| baseUrl_str | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T10:10:44Z |
| description | The paper studies the influence of mineral nitrogen and presowing seeds bakterization on the activity of autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification in rhizosphere soil of winter rye plants. Increasing doses of mineral nitrogen enhance nitrification activity. Application of microbial preparation Diazobakteryn has a prolonged influence and improves nitrification process, mainly due to the increase of heterotrophic nitrification activity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.35868/1997-3004.17.79-88 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:24:26Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
NITRIFICATION IN THE ROOT ZONE OF WINTER RYE UNDER THE
INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NITROGEN AND PRESOWING SEED
BACTERIZATION
Chuchvaga I. G., Volkogon V. V.
Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agricultural Production NAAS of Ukraine
97, Shevchenko str., Chernihiv, 14027, Ukraine
E-mail: chychvaga_i@i.ua
The paper studies the influence of mineral nitrogen and presowing seeds
bakterization on the activity of autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification in
rhizosphere soil of winter rye plants. Increasing doses of mineral nitrogen enhance
nitrification activity. Application of microbial preparation Diazobakteryn has a
prolonged influence and improves nitrification process, mainly due to the increase of
heterotrophic nitrification activity.
Keywords: inoculation, autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification,
Diazobakteryn, winter rye.
Plants nitrogen nutrition level can limit optimal course of crop production
processes demanding application of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural practices.
However, even at application of mineral nitrogen into the soil there are certain
conditions when assimilation of active ingredients of fertilizers by plants is low and
followed by the intensive soil pollution. Thus, ammonia from the ammonium
fertilizers can be utilized by nitrifying microorganism and oxidized during the
process of nitrification. Plants assimilate formed nitrates, which is a positive process.
At the same time, excess of nitrates is washed out to the water reservoirs, and starts
another process of nitrogen cycle – biological denitrification. Therefore, nitrogen
fertilizers should be used efficiently not only from the standpoint of economic impact
but also with environmental considerations, which determines the urgency of studies
of biological transformation of nitrogen compounds in the soil.
Nitrification process appear to be the least studied process among the other
important parts of nitrogen cycle in nature. Its course in soils depends on many
factors while the role of some of them remains yet unknown. Thus, it is believed that
autotrophic nitrification dominates in agrocenosis soils, since the presence of
ammonia and lack of organic matter provides optimum living conditions for
autotrophic nitrifiers. According to M. Umarov [1] in cultivated agrocenosis soils
almost 84 – 99% of ammonium oxidation is caused by autotrophic nitrifiers. At the
same time, the main vector of biochemical activity in soil are plants that excrete into
the root zone a large number of organic compounds, including those that contain
nitrogen. That, theoretically, might create good conditions for heterotrophic
nitrification progress in the area of plant roots.
In this context, the aim of our study was to determine the characteristics of
autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification processes in the root zone of winter rye
plants at different levels of nitrogen nutrition.
Materials and methods. Nitrification activity of rhizosphere soil of winter rye
plants (Secale cereale L.) on various mineral backgrounds was studied in field
experiments. It was assumed that artificial activation of heterotrophic
microorganisms in the root zone can be an additional possible impact factor on the
course of studied processes. Therefore, the pre-sowing seed bacterization with
Diazobakteryn (biological agent – Azospirillum brasilense 18-2) was applied [2].
Field experiments were conducted during 2010 – 2012 on sod-podzolic sandy-
loam soil of Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agricultural Production
NAAS (pH – 7.2, humus – 1.2%, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen (by Cornfield) – 54.9
mg/kg, P2O5 – 330 mg/kg, K2O – 148 mg/kg).
The experiments scheme:
I. Without bakterization:
1. Without fertilizers;
2. N30K20 (N10 in autumn + N20 in early spring);
3. N60K40 (N30 in autumn + N30 in early spring);
4. N90K60 (N30 in autumn + N30 in early spring + N30 in tubing
phase);
5. N120K80 (N30 in autumn + N45 in early spring + N45 in tubing
phase);
II. Bakterization with Diazobakteryn:
6 – 10 (same fertilization options).
Estimation of fertilizers doses was carried out taking into account the content
of the nutrition elements in the soil. Due to the high content of mobile phosphates in
the soil phosphate fertilizers were not applied. The highest fertilizer’s dose in the
experiment was justified by carry-over of the NPK elements at expected harvest of 35
kg/ha. Size of field experiments plots was 9 sq.m. Harvesting and yield record was
performed by direct method (weighing yield from whole plot). Winter rye cultivar –
Synthetic-38.
Study of nitrification process and evaluation of autotrophic and heterotrophic
nitrifying microorganisms contribution in the nitrates formation the composting
method of D. Zvyagintsev was used [3, 4]. Mean sample of rhizosphere soil was
prepared and sieved through a 2 mm diameter holes. 10 g of sample was placed into
the 40 ml vials and watered to 60-70% of the total field water capacity. Samples were
incubated for 21 days at 26 – 28 °C. Humidity was maintained by addition of water
after control weighing of vials. Activity of autotrophic nitrification was inhibited by
nitrification inhibitor 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (100 mg / g of soil). It is known that
aminotryazol (ATG) in the concentration exceeding its specific activity by almost 2
orders does not reduce the growth rate, biomass accumulation and production of
nitrate in heterotrophic microorganisms. Nitrate contents was determined after 21
days using ion-selective electrodes. Experiments replication – 3-fold.
Planning and conducting of field experiments, statistical analysis of
experimental data were performed According to Dospekhov [5].
Results and discussion. According to the data obtained the nitrification
intensity increases at application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. Thus, in variants with
N120 fertilizer dose the nitrification activity has increased on 38% in the tubing phase,
54% – in the flowering and on 93% in the milk ripeness phases comparing to control
(without fertilizer).
Application of aminotryazol for inhibition of autotrophic nitryfiers have shown
a significant reduction of the nitrification process intensity. Thus, the inhibitory
approach allows to estimate the differential involvement of auto-and heterotrophic
nitryfiers in the oxidation link of nitrogen cycle.
The study of process activity at first sampling period (after 36 days of early
spring application of mineral nitrogen) has revealed that the activity of autotrophic
nitrification in rhizosphere soil of winter rye plants grown at low mineral background
had significantly exceeded the corresponding values of heterotrophic nitrification
(Table 1).
TABLE 1. Nitrification activity in rhizosphere soil of winter rye plants,
2012, tubing phase (36 days after the early spring application of mineral nitrogen) mg
N-NO3 / g soil
Variants Soil (total activity of
processes)
Soil + inhibitor of autotrophic
nitrification
Without inoculation
Control without
fertilizers 40,87 6,60
N30K20 43,47 7,13
N60K40 49,20 7,60
N90K60 49,40 19,80
N120K80 56,93 22,87
Inoculation with Diazobakteryn
Control without
fertilizers 50,67 12,00
N30K20 51,87 14,00
N60K40 50,67 14,33
N90K60 58,13 25,73
N120K80 59,47 26,80
НІР05 experiment 11,15 4,17
fertilizer 4,99 1,87
inoculation and
interaction 6,44 2,41
However, increasing doses of mineral fertilizers in rhizosphere soil of rye
plants enhance growth of both active autotrophs and heterotrophic nitryfiers, and last
one with a greater extent. Thus, the nitrate portion came from the heterotrophic
nitryfiers was 16% of the total process activity in control (without fertilizers). At the
same time, this value was 40% in the variant with the highest dose of fertilizer. We
explain this with the possible increase of volume of root exudates and contents of
nitrogenous organic compounds under such conditions. Experiments by Margel A. et
al. [6] confirms these findings. They have indicated 9.5 times gain in root exudation
of photoassimilates under the application of mineral nitrogen as comparing to the
volume of exudates in control plants (without nitrogen fertilizers). At this, the
variation of nitrogen compounds content was observed in the root secretions
depending on the amount of fertilizers applied [7].
Application of microbial preparation Diazobakteryn in the technologies of rye
growing increases nitrification values. Comparison of autotrophic and heterotrophic
nitrification indicators suggests that noted increase was caused by activation of
heterotrophic microorganisms. Thus, contribution share of heterotrophic nitryfiers to
the total process scale ranged from 24% in controls to 45% in the variant with high
fertilizer doses (as it was already noted, the corresponding values in the variants
without bacterization were 16 and 40%). Since the amount of mineral nitrogen (as
well as other factors) in the soil were the same as in variants without inoculation the
observed effect can be explained by the increasing volume of root exudates of
inoculated rye plants, which can be an additional source of organic matter containing
nitrogen compounds in addition to carbon. This assumption is satisfactory, taking into
the account numerous literature data on the influence of pre-inoculation on the
activity of the process of photosynthesis of inoculated plants.
During next research period – flowering phase (62 days after the early spring
application of mineral nitrogen and 25 days after fertilization of plants in their
corresponding variants), the above described features of nitrates formation depending
on mineral background due to the nitrification were observed. However, there were
also some differences. The share of heterotrophic nitryfiers into the formation of
nitrate pool during this period has reduced. Although it is possible to follow the
bacterization effect – values difference was more than doubled, it should be
concluded that autotrophic nitrification dominates even under these conditions. At
this, its share have reached 83 – 86% (Table 2).
Reduced activity of heterotrophic nitrification during the flowering phase in the
variants with Diazobakteryn is associated with certain interaction patterns of host
plants and inoculant. Thus, it is known that introduced bacterial strains actively
colonize the root areas of inoculated plants in the initial phases of plants
organogenesis, predominating among microorganisms. Over the time, their relative
number in microbial community is decreasing due to the tendency of young
ecosystem to stabilize. Thus, the number of introduced bacteria is gradually reduced
to its normal environmental level [8]. Naturally in this case is the reduction of
bacterization impact both on the production process of agricultural crops and on soil
biochemical processes in the root zone of plants over the time.
TABLE 2. Nitrification activity in rhizosphere soil of winter rye plants,
2012, flowering phase (62 days after the early spring application of mineral nitrogen
and
25 days after plants fertilization) mg N-NO3 / g soil
Variants Soil (total activity
of processes)
Soil + inhibitor of
autotrophic nitrification
Without inoculation
Control, without fertilizers 36,00 3,68
N30K20 40,00 3,69
N60K40 43,13 3,40
N90K60 46,00 3,72
N120K80 55,53 4,65
Inoculation with Diazobakteryn
Control, without fertilizers 50,33 8,60
N30K20 55,60 8,87
N60K40 64,33 9,20
N90K60 64,80 9,40
N120K80 67,33 10,00
НІР05 experiment 9,88 1,37
fertilizer 4,42 0,61
inoculation and interaction 5,70 0,79
At the end of the vegetative season, nitrification activity slows down, which
may be due to the exhaustion of ammonium (substrate for autotrophs) and organic
nitrogen compounds (substrate for heterotrophic nitryfiers) in rhizosphere soil of
winter rye plants (Table 3). Interesting, that in variants with bacterization activity of
nitrification (both autotrophic and heterotrophic) is lower than the corresponding
values in variants without inoculation. Obviously, this is because: firstly, initiated
plants actively absorb nutrients [9, 10], which contributes to their rapid uptake from
soil, and secondly, inoculated rye plants, as indicated by long-term observations,
promptly passes organogenesis phases and mature earlier. Accordingly, the
biochemical activity in the root zone of these plants will also be reduced.
TABLE 3. Nitrification activity in rhizosphere soil of winter rye plants,
2012, milk ripeness phase (91 days after the early spring application of mineral
nitrogen
and 54 days after plants fertilization ) mg N NO3 / g soil
Variants Soil (total activity
of processes)
Soil + inhibitor of
autotrophic nitrification
Without inoculation
Control, without fertilizers 13,00 2,63
N30K20 12,93 2,67
N60K40 13,53 3,52
N90K60 16,73 4,73
N120K80 25,13 7,53
Inoculation with Diazobacteryn
Control, without fertilizers 11,47 3,80
N30K20 13,07 2,74
N60K40 13,20 2,89
N90K60 13,80 4,19
N120K80 13,33 4,32
НІР05 experiment 3,01 1,33
fertilizer 1,35 0,60
inoculation and interaction 1,74 0,77
Observed peculiarities of nitrification processes were similar for all years of
the research.
The activity of nitrification in the root zone of plants of winter rye rises
together with increasing doses of mineral nitrogen. Autotrophic nitrification
substantially prevailing the activity of heterotrophic process. Moreover, its relative
contribution into the formation of nitrate pool in rhizosphere soil of plants rises over
the vegetative season. Application of Diazobakteryn promotes intensification of
heterotrophic nitryfiers, especially during the initial stages of the vegetative season.
|
| id | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-203 |
| institution | Agriciltural microbiology |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:06:32Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | smicinua/6b/06e604451c282cc7ba9c7d0f6344bf6b.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-2032026-07-22T10:10:44Z NITRIFICATION IN THE ROOT ZONE OF WINTER RYE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NITROGEN AND PRESOWING SEED BACTERIZATION ОСОбЛИВОСТІ ПРОЦЕСу НІТРИФІКАЦІЇ В КОРЕНЕВІЙ ЗОНІ РОСЛИН ЖИТА ОЗИМОгО ЗА ДІЇ МІНЕРАЛьНОгО АЗОТу ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ бАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ Чучвага , І.Г. Волкогон , В.В. inoculation, autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, Diazobakteryn, winter rye інокуляція, автотрофна нітрифікація, гетеротрофна нітрифікація, Діазобактерин, жито озиме The paper studies the influence of mineral nitrogen and presowing seeds bakterization on the activity of autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification in rhizosphere soil of winter rye plants. Increasing doses of mineral nitrogen enhance nitrification activity. Application of microbial preparation Diazobakteryn has a prolonged influence and improves nitrification process, mainly due to the increase of heterotrophic nitrification activity. Досліджено вплив мінерального азоту та передпосівної бактеризації насіння на активність автотрофної і гетеротрофної нітрифікації в ризосферному грунті рослин жита озимого. Зі збільшенням дози мінерального азоту активність нітрифікації підвищується. Застосування мікробного препарату Діазобактерину тривалий час сприяє підвищенню рівня процесу, в основному за рахунок зростання активності гетеротрофної нітрифікації. Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2013-10-01 Article Article Рецензована Стаття application/pdf application/pdf https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/203 10.35868/1997-3004.17.79-88 Agricultural microbiology; Vol. 17 (2013): Agriciltural microbiology; 79-88 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; Том 17 (2013): Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; 79-88 1997-3004 10.35868/1997-3004.17 en uk https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/203/285 https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/203/286 Авторське право (c) 2013 I. G. Chuchvaga , V. V. Volkogon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | інокуляція автотрофна нітрифікація гетеротрофна нітрифікація Діазобактерин жито озиме Чучвага , І.Г. Волкогон , В.В. ОСОбЛИВОСТІ ПРОЦЕСу НІТРИФІКАЦІЇ В КОРЕНЕВІЙ ЗОНІ РОСЛИН ЖИТА ОЗИМОгО ЗА ДІЇ МІНЕРАЛьНОгО АЗОТу ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ бАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title | ОСОбЛИВОСТІ ПРОЦЕСу НІТРИФІКАЦІЇ В КОРЕНЕВІЙ ЗОНІ РОСЛИН ЖИТА ОЗИМОгО ЗА ДІЇ МІНЕРАЛьНОгО АЗОТу ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ бАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title_alt | NITRIFICATION IN THE ROOT ZONE OF WINTER RYE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NITROGEN AND PRESOWING SEED BACTERIZATION |
| title_full | ОСОбЛИВОСТІ ПРОЦЕСу НІТРИФІКАЦІЇ В КОРЕНЕВІЙ ЗОНІ РОСЛИН ЖИТА ОЗИМОгО ЗА ДІЇ МІНЕРАЛьНОгО АЗОТу ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ бАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title_fullStr | ОСОбЛИВОСТІ ПРОЦЕСу НІТРИФІКАЦІЇ В КОРЕНЕВІЙ ЗОНІ РОСЛИН ЖИТА ОЗИМОгО ЗА ДІЇ МІНЕРАЛьНОгО АЗОТу ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ бАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title_full_unstemmed | ОСОбЛИВОСТІ ПРОЦЕСу НІТРИФІКАЦІЇ В КОРЕНЕВІЙ ЗОНІ РОСЛИН ЖИТА ОЗИМОгО ЗА ДІЇ МІНЕРАЛьНОгО АЗОТу ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ бАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title_short | ОСОбЛИВОСТІ ПРОЦЕСу НІТРИФІКАЦІЇ В КОРЕНЕВІЙ ЗОНІ РОСЛИН ЖИТА ОЗИМОгО ЗА ДІЇ МІНЕРАЛьНОгО АЗОТу ТА ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ бАКТЕРИЗАЦІЇ |
| title_sort | особливості процесу нітрифікації в кореневій зоні рослин жита озимого за дії мінерального азоту та передпосівної бактеризації |
| topic | інокуляція автотрофна нітрифікація гетеротрофна нітрифікація Діазобактерин жито озиме |
| topic_facet | inoculation autotrophic nitrification heterotrophic nitrification Diazobakteryn winter rye інокуляція автотрофна нітрифікація гетеротрофна нітрифікація Діазобактерин жито озиме |
| url | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/203 |
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