ЕКОНОМІЧНА ТА ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БАКТОПАСЛЬОНУ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ КАРТОПЛІ
The paper describes the investigation results of economic and energy efficiency of microbial preparation Bactopaslon application in the technology of potato cultivation. The high efficiency of the studied biological product due to the advanced yield increase rates as compared to the increased costs...
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| Дата: | 2013 |
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| Автори: | , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська Українська |
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Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine
2013
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Agriciltural microbiology| _version_ | 1871465741856800768 |
|---|---|
| author | Халеп , Ю.М. Козар , С.Ф. Євтушенко , Т.А. |
| author_facet | Халеп , Ю.М. Козар , С.Ф. Євтушенко , Т.А. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Ю.М. Халеп ",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "С.Ф. Козар ",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "Т.А. Євтушенко ",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
}
] |
| author_sort | Халеп , Ю.М. |
| baseUrl_str | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T10:10:44Z |
| description | The paper describes the investigation results of economic and energy efficiency of microbial preparation Bactopaslon application in the technology of potato cultivation. The high efficiency of the studied biological product due to the advanced yield increase rates as compared to the increased costs was established. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.35868/1997-3004.17.159-169 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:24:30Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
ECONOMIC AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BACTOPASLON
APPLICATION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF POTATO CULTIVATION
Khalep Yu. M., Kozar S. F., Yevtushenko T. A.
Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agricultural Production NAAS
97, Shevchenko str., Chernihiv, 14027, Ukraine
E-mail: tatianazherebor@rambler.ru
The paper describes the investigation results of economic and energy efficiency
of microbial preparation Bactopaslon application in the technology of potato
cultivation. The high efficiency of the studied biological product due to the advanced
yield increase rates as compared to the increased costs was established.
Keywords: potato, Bactopaslon, economic efficiency, energy efficiency.
Application of microbial preparations into the modern crop production
technologies is an effective mean for environmentally friendly crops yield
enhancement. As the results of our previous research an experimental microbial
preparation Bactopaslon, with Azotobacter bacteria activated with the potato lectin as
bio-agents, was created. The high efficiency of this preparation was proven on potato
[1]. It should be noted, that economic efficiency is one of the most important criteria
for product evaluation, especially in case of such innovative product as Bactopaslon.
For developers of microbial preparations such information is necessary to evaluate
product competitiveness on the market of innovative research for agriculture in order
to identify the most promising product, while for the consumer (agricultural
management) – to determine the appropriateness of its application.
To this end, we investigated the economic effects of pre-planting potato
bacterization with Bactopaslon.
Materials and methods. Evaluations were made using the average values of
potato yields of Fantasia variety obtained during three-year field experiments on the
meadow black leached light loam soils in Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and
Agricultural Production NAAS. Experimental conditions were described in our
previous research work [1]. Estimation of economic efficiency of potato bacterization
was performed according to the recommendations based on the method of results
comparison of certain agricultural technique and the cost of its introduction, using
such indicators of economic efficiency as cost per unit of output, profits per 1.0 tons
of product and per 1.0 ha of cultivation area, its production and additional costs
profitability [2, 3].
Technological operations, resource consumption and prices are taken from the
standards of National Scientific Centre “Institute of Agricultural Economics NAAS”
(Kyiv) with the exception of additional direct and overhead costs associated with the
use of the studied microbial preparation [4, 5].
Estimation of yield and cost changes impact per 1 hectare on the deviation of
cost of 1 ton of potatoes in the experiment was compared to the control values using
the following two-factor deterministic model:
У
ВС
, (1.1)
where C – cost of 1 ton of potatoes, UAH
B – expenditures per 1 ha of planting UAH
Y – potato yield, t/ha.
The quantitative effect of changes of potatoes yield and costs per 1 ha of
planting on the deviation of the profit per 1 ton of potatoes was determined by the
following three-factor deterministic model:
У
ВЦПт
, (1.2)
where Пт – profit per 1 ton of product, UAH
Ц – sale price of 1 ton of potatoes, UAH
To determine the quantitative impact of changes in yield and size of the
monetary costs per 1 ha of cultivated crops on profit deviation per 1 ha of planting
three-factor deterministic model was used:
Пга = Ц × У – В, (1.3)
where Пга – profit per 1 ha of planting, UAH
The quantitative effect of changes of studied factors on the deflection of
profitability of potato production was determined by the following deterministic
model:
100 1
В
УЦ Р
, (1.4)
where P – profitability of potato production, %.
This model is obtained from the traditional economic profitability model in
order to isolate the effect of studied factors:
% 100 1
В
УЦ % 100
В
ВУЦ % 100
В
П Р
(1.5)
Results and discussions. Parameters directly related to bacterization (direct
costs: cost of preparation, treatment, transportation and sorting of additional yield)
together with the changes in overhead expenses, that at calculation of production
costs are allocated proportionally to direct ones were taking into the account in order
to determine the costs associated with the use of biological preparations.
For this purpose, the full production cost was calculated, since the income,
which is primarily of the main interest to the product consumer is the difference
between the price and the full cost of production. Such methodological and
methodical approach in cost estimation slightly increase the cost of biological
preparation, but at the same time, it promotes precise assessment of its cost-
effectiveness. The calculation results of economic efficiency of Bactopaslon
application on potatoes of Fantasia variety are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1. The economic efficiency of Bactopaslon application on potatoes
(Fantasia variety)
Index Control Bactopaslon
Control
deviation (±)
Absolute %
Yield, t/ha 20,35 24,55 + 4,20 + 20,6
The cost of 1 ha (total cost),
UAH 10892,0 11314,0 + 422,0 + 3,9
including additional costs for
bacterization UAH/ha − + 422,0 − −
Total cost per 1 t, UAH 535,2 460,9 - 74,3 - 13,9
Sale price per 1 t, UAH 850,0 850,0 − −
Sale proceeds per 1 ha, UAH 17298,0 20868,0 + 3570,0 + 20,6
Profit per 1 ha, UAH 6406,0 9554,0 + 3148,0 + 49,1
Profit per 1 t, UAH 314,8 389,1 + 74,3 + 23,6
Profitability, % 58,8 84,4 + 25,6 в.п. −
Additional expenses
profitability, % − 746,0 − −
Data depicted in the table indicate that the pre-planting potato bacterization
promotes a significant increase of economic efficiency. Thus, in variants with
Bactopaslon potato yield has increased on 4.20 t/ha or 20.6 %, while the costs have
increased on only 422.0 UAH/ha or 3.9 %. As a result, the cost has decreased on
74.3 UAH/t or 13.9 %, while the amount of revenue per hectare has increased on
3 570.0 UAH/ha or 20.6 %.
The combined effects of these factors contributes to a significant increase of
production profitability. Thus, application of Bactopaslon has promoted profitability
increase to even greater extent: the amount of profit per hectare has increased on
3 148.0 UAH/ha or 49.1 % while profitability has increased on 25.6 %.
The data obtained shows that bacterization of planting material with given
microbial preparation significantly increase economic efficiency of potato
production.
It should be emphasized that the increase in productivity and improvement of
economic efficiency was obtained without the use of fertilizers and substantial
additional costs on resources, which is especially important today, at growing costs of
resources and crisis conditions when commodity producer is not capable to introduce
innovations requiring significant capital investment.
Based on the performed studies of the economic effectiveness of Bactopaslon
for growing potatoes, two main factors with a direct influence (first order factors) on
the entire chain of economic indicators can be distinguished: the productivity level
and the amount of the costs associated with bacterization of planting material per
1.0 ha. In this connection, it is useful to determine the quantitative impact of these
factors on main indices of economic efficiency of potato production: cost of 1 ton of
product, the amount of profit per 1 ton of product and 1,0 ha of planting and
production profitability. For this purpose deterministic factor analysis was used.
It was established that increase of direct and overhead costs associated with the
use of microbial preparation per 1 ha of planting has a slight effect on cost of 1 ton of
potatoes – 20.8 UAH/t (Table 2), but due to the yield increase the production cost has
significantly dropped – on 95.1 UAH/t, ensuring its total decrease on 74.3 UAH/t.
The quantitative effect of the studied factors (yield and costs per 1 ha of
planting) on profit deviation per 1 ton of potatoes will be the same as on cost
deviation of 1 ton of potatoes (but with the opposite sign): +95.1 UAH/t and –
20.8 UAH/t, correspondingly, resulting in total +74.3 UAH/t.
TABLE 2. Effect of the cost per 1 hectare and yield on the cost of 1 ton of potato
(Fantasia variety) at Bactopaslon application
Index Legend and
formulas Values
Yield (control), t/ha Ук 20,35
Yield (experiment), t/ha Уд 24,55
Costs per 1 ha (control), UAH Вк 10 892,0
Costs per 1 ha (experiment), UAH Вд 11 314,0
Full costs of 1 t (control), UAH
Ук
ВкСк
535,20
Full costs per 1 t (experiment),UAH
Уд
ВдСд
460,90
Estimated (conditional) cost per 1 t, UAH
Ук
ВдСу
556,00
Total cost deviation, UAH/t ΔСзаг. = Сд -
Ск –74,30
Cost deviation due to the cost changes per
1 ha, UAH/t ΔСв = Су - Ск +20,80
Cost deviation due to the yield changes,
UAH/t ΔСу = Сд - Су –95,10
According to Table 3, it can be concluded that increase of potato yield profits
per 1 ha of planting make 3570.0 UAH
At the same time, due to the associated increase of monetary costs per 1 ha of
planting area profitability has decreased on 422.0 UAH/ha. Thus, productivity
increasу has played an essential role, not only increasing the costs but ensuring the
overall profit growth on 3148.0 UAH/ha.
TABLE 3. Effect of the cost per 1 hectare and yield on the profit deviation per 1 ha of
potato planting (Fantasy variety) at Bactopaslon application
Index Legend and formulas Values
Yield (control), t/ha Ук 20,35
Yield (experiment), t/ha Уд 24,55
Costs per 1 ha (control), UAH Вк 10892,0
Costs per 1 ha (experiment), UAH Вд 11314,0
Sale price per 1 t of potatoes, UAH Ц 850,0
Profit per 1 ha (control), UAH Пга к = Ц × Ук – Вк 6406,0
Profit per 1 ha (experiment), UAH Пга д = Ц × Уд – Вд 9554,0
Estimated profit per 1 ha, UAH Пга у = Ц × Уд – Вк 9976,0
Total profit deviation, UAH/ha ΔПга заг = Пга д –
– Пга к + 3148,0
Profit deviations due to the yield changes,
UAH / ha
ΔПга у = Пга у–
– Пга к + 3570,0
Cost deviation due to the cost changes per
1 ha, UAH/t
ΔПга в = Пга д –
– Пга у – 422,0
Influence estimation of studied factors on the increase of overall profitability of
potato production is shown in Table 4.
The results obtained by factor data analysis have shown that improvement of
economic efficiency of potato bacterization with Bactopaslon, observed in all quality
parameters is achieved due to a strong positive impact on productivity in comparison
with the growth of direct and overhead costs related to the use of given microbial
preparation. Therefore, the effects of its use tenfold compensate additional costs
associated with Bactopaslon application.
Special attention should be given to the efficiency of microbial preparation as
specified innovative method unlike many other innovations, does not require large
capital investments which is particularly important in the current economic
conditions in Ukraine.
TABLE 4. Effect of yield and expenditures changes per 1 ha on deviation of
profitability of potato (Fantasia variety) at application of Bactopaslon
Index Legend and formulas Values
Yield (control), t/ha Ук 20,35
Yield (experiment), t/ha Уд 24,55
Costs per 1 ha (control), UAH Вк 10 892,0
Costs per 1 ha (experiment), UAH Вд 11 314,0
Sale price per 1 t of potatoes, UAH Ц 850,0
Profitability per 1 ha (control), UAH 100%1
Вк
УкЦРк
58,8
Profitability per 1 ha (experiment), UAH 100%1
Вд
УдЦРд
84,4
Expected profitability level, % 100%1
Вк
УдЦРр
91,6
General deviation of profitability level,
r.i. ΔРзаг = Рд – Рк + 25,6
Deviation of profitability due to the yield
changes, r. i. ΔРу = Рр – Рк + 32,8
Deviation of profitability due to the costs
changes per 1 ha, r. i. ΔРв = Рд – Рр – 7,2
In this regard, the assessment of energy efficiency of microbial preparation use
looks reasonable, including yield cost recovery of human energy. In contrast to the
economic evaluation undertaken in value terms, subject to the influence of market
conditions, prices disparity and inflationary process, etc., energy evaluation provides
an objective overview of the effectiveness and appropriateness of studied agricultural
technique as well as effectiveness of corresponding agro-ecosystem as a whole.
For this purpose, the calculations of energy assessment under the use of
Bactopaslon for potatoes growing were performed. At this, production operations and
resources costs (used for the economic evaluation) were converted in the relevant
energy equivalents [6, 7].
The analysis of main energy efficiency indices of potato of Fantasia variety in
control and experimental variants (Table 5) have shown the high energy efficiency of
bacteryzation of planting material for growing potatoes.
Thus, the energy efficiency ratio (the ratio of total energy of major and minor
products to the cost of human energy) in control was 3.98, while at application of
Bactopaslon – 4.39. At this, the energy efficiency ratio for additional costs (the ratio
of additional energy yield obtained with bacteryzation means, to extra cost of human
energy associated with its use) was 9.38.
TABLE 5. Energy efficiency of Bactopaslon in growing potato
(Fantasia variety)
Index
Energy efficiency, MJ
Control Bactopaslon
Energy-output ratio – total 28 698,0 31 058,0
Including: − labor inputs 421,0 484,0
− tractor and motor vehicles 1 478,0 1 655,0
− agricultural tools 4 532,0 5 478,0
− diesel fuel 2 214,0 2 214,0
− gasoline 4 528,0 5 412,0
− electricity 84,0 170,0
− manufacture costs of microbial preparation − 205,0
− protection means 520,0 520,0
− planting material 14 921,0 14 921,0
Additional energy costs (to control) − 2 360,0
Yield energy content – total 11 4216,0 136 342,0
Including: − major product 70 614,0 85 189,0
− minor product 43 602,0 51 153,0
Energy content of additional yield (to control) − 22 126,0
Energy efficiency ratio 3,98 4,39
Energy efficiency ratio for additional energy
expenditures − 9,38
Summing up the analysis results of the economic and energy efficiency
technologies at Bactopaslon application on potato of Fantasia variety it can be
concluded that given preparation is highly effective both in economic and in energy
terms.
|
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| institution | Agriciltural microbiology |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:06:52Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | smicinua/88/f21b25493b331d7deb21e48cad5f1488.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-2112026-07-22T10:10:44Z ECONOMIC AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BACTOPASLON APPLICATION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF POTATO CULTIVATION ЕКОНОМІЧНА ТА ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БАКТОПАСЛЬОНУ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ КАРТОПЛІ Халеп , Ю.М. Козар , С.Ф. Євтушенко , Т.А. potato, Bactopaslon, economic efficiency, energy efficiency картопля, Бактопасльон, економічна ефективність, енергетична ефективність The paper describes the investigation results of economic and energy efficiency of microbial preparation Bactopaslon application in the technology of potato cultivation. The high efficiency of the studied biological product due to the advanced yield increase rates as compared to the increased costs was established. Наведено результати дослідження економічної та енергетичної ефективності застосування мікробного препарату Бактопасльону в технології вирощування картоплі. Встановлено високу ефективність досліджуваного біопрепарату завдяки випереджаючимтемпамзростаннярівняврожайностівпорівнянні зі збільшенням витрат. Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2013-10-01 Article Article Рецензована Стаття application/pdf application/pdf https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/211 10.35868/1997-3004.17.159-169 Agricultural microbiology; Vol. 17 (2013): Agriciltural microbiology; 159-169 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; Том 17 (2013): Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; 159-169 1997-3004 10.35868/1997-3004.17 en uk https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/211/301 https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/211/302 Авторське право (c) 2013 Yu. M. Khalep , S. F. Kozar , T. A. Yevtushenko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | картопля Бактопасльон економічна ефективність енергетична ефективність Халеп , Ю.М. Козар , С.Ф. Євтушенко , Т.А. ЕКОНОМІЧНА ТА ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БАКТОПАСЛЬОНУ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ КАРТОПЛІ |
| title | ЕКОНОМІЧНА ТА ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БАКТОПАСЛЬОНУ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ КАРТОПЛІ |
| title_alt | ECONOMIC AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BACTOPASLON APPLICATION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF POTATO CULTIVATION |
| title_full | ЕКОНОМІЧНА ТА ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БАКТОПАСЛЬОНУ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ КАРТОПЛІ |
| title_fullStr | ЕКОНОМІЧНА ТА ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БАКТОПАСЛЬОНУ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ КАРТОПЛІ |
| title_full_unstemmed | ЕКОНОМІЧНА ТА ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БАКТОПАСЛЬОНУ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ КАРТОПЛІ |
| title_short | ЕКОНОМІЧНА ТА ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БАКТОПАСЛЬОНУ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ КАРТОПЛІ |
| title_sort | економічна та енергетична ефективність застосування бактопасльону в технології вирощування картоплі |
| topic | картопля Бактопасльон економічна ефективність енергетична ефективність |
| topic_facet | potato Bactopaslon economic efficiency energy efficiency картопля Бактопасльон економічна ефективність енергетична ефективність |
| url | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/211 |
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