ЛЕКТИНЫ И ИХ РОЛЬ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ БОБОВО-РИЗОБИАЛЬНЫХ СИМБИОЗОВ
The paper covers the role of lectins of legumes in the establishing of nitrogen fixing symbiosis with nodule bacteria. The positive influence of these proteins in initiation of rhizobia binding to the roots of legume plants was proved. It was established that level of hemagglutination activity of le...
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| author | Коць , С.Я. Маличенко , С.Н. Маменко , П.Н. Волкогон , Н.В. Михалкив , Л.Н. |
| author_facet | Коць , С.Я. Маличенко , С.Н. Маменко , П.Н. Волкогон , Н.В. Михалкив , Л.Н. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "С.Я. Коць ",
"institution": "Інститут физиологии растений и генетики НАН Украины"
},
{
"author": "С.Н. Маличенко ",
"institution": "Інститут физиологии растений и генетики НАН Украины"
},
{
"author": "П.Н. Маменко ",
"institution": "Інститут физиологии растений и генетики НАН Украины"
},
{
"author": "Н.В. Волкогон ",
"institution": "Інститут физиологии растений и генетики НАН Украины"
},
{
"author": "Л.Н. Михалкив ",
"institution": "Інститут физиологии растений и генетики НАН Украины"
}
] |
| author_sort | Коць , С.Я. |
| baseUrl_str | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T10:10:46Z |
| description | The paper covers the role of lectins of legumes in the establishing of nitrogen fixing symbiosis with nodule bacteria. The positive influence of these proteins in initiation of rhizobia binding to the roots of legume plants was proved. It was established that level of hemagglutination activity of lectins of soybean and lupine nodules directly relate on the activity of nitrogen fixation. Treatment of soybean seeds with the rhizobial suspension combined with homologous lectin promoted nitrogen fixation in nodules and has considerably increased crop yield thus indicating perceptiveness of use of legumes lectins in compositions of bacterial fertilizers for legume plants. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.35868/1997-3004.12.37-45 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:24:53Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
37
удк 581.192:581.557:581.138.1:582.736
LECTINS AND THEIR ROLE IN FORMATION AND
FUNCTIONING OF LEGUME-RHIZOBIAL SYMBIOSIS
Kots S.Ya., Malichenko S.M., Mamenko P.M.,
Volkogon M.V., Mykhalkiv L.M.
Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
e-mail: kots@ifrg.kiev.ua
The paper covers the role of lectins of legumes in the establishing
of nitrogen fixing symbiosis with nodule bacteria. The positive influence
of these proteins in initiation of rhizobia binding to the roots of legume
plants was proved. It was established that level of hemagglutination
activity of lectins of soybean and lupine nodules directly relate on the
activity of nitrogen fixation. Treatment of soybean seeds with the rhizobial
suspension combined with homologous lectin promoted nitrogen fixation
in nodules and has considerably increased crop yield thus indicating
perceptiveness of use of legumes lectins in compositions of bacterial
fertilizers for legume plants.
Key words: legume lectins, legume-rhizobial symbiosis.
It is well known that formation of symbiotic relations of legumes
and nodule bacteria is the complex multi-step process. Most scientists
consider lectins (carbon-binding proteins of legumes) to play special
role in interaction of symbioses partners [1, 4, 7, 10]. Lectins are the
group of non-immune proteins capable of selective and reversible
binding of carbohydrates preventing their chemical transformation.
They may interact both with mono- and oligosaccharides, as well as
with carbohydrates residues entering the composition of glycoproteins
and glycosides [8, 11]. Such interaction of cell surface components
of different organisms can provide mutual recognition of certain
species at the formation of various microbial-plant associations [3].
Occurrence of such tight contacts between these organisms allows
use of their metabolites on their own needs. Nitrogen fixing legume-
rhizobial symbiosis formed in the assistance of legume plants lectins
and polysaccharides of nodule bacteria might be taken as an example of
such interaction [2, 6]. The importance of studying of lectins role in the
functionality of legume-rhizobial symbioses corresponds to the fact that
the results obtained might clarify theirs functions and, furthermore, define
means for optimization and improvement of symbiotic interrelations.
38
That, in turn, will certainly have the significant practical accent.
Hence, the main aim of our investigation was studying the role of
lectins in the processes of formation and functioning of legume-rhizobial
systems, as well as clarification of their application possibility in order
to invoke symbioses and increase legume plants yield.
Materials and methods. In our experiments we have used soybean
(Glycine max L. (Merr.)) and lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) plants. Seeds were
sterilized during 15 minutes in ethanol, afterwards washed in flowing
water and inoculated with the rhizobia strains of various efficiency
prior to their sowing. The Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains 634b,
631 (active) and 604k (inactive) were used for inoculation of soybean
seeds. The lupine seeds were inoculated with strains Bradyrhizobium sp.
(Lupinus) 359а (active) and 400 (inactive).
Plants were grown in 11 kg Vagner pots. Washed river sand
enriched with Hellriegel nutrient solution (0.25 of nitrogen norm) was
used as the substrate. Study of the microbial preparations enriched with
lectins was conducted in field experiments.
In order to determine indices of rhizobial cells adsorption the
sterile seeds were grown on the poor agar, afterwards root cuts (1 cm)
were incubated in the bacterial suspension (107 cells/ml) during 1 hour.
Then seeds were washed out with sterile water and homogenised. The
number of adsorbed cells was determined in homogenate.
Isolation of phytohemagglutinin from root nodules and other
plant organs was performed by the ethanol elution method [11] with our
modifications [9]. Hemagglutination reaction was made in immunological
planes with U-shaped wells. Lectin titre was determined by wells with
visible agglutination reactions and expressed in agglutination units (AU).
Nitrogen fixation activity of root nodules was measured by acetylene
reduction method [5]. Effect of exogenous lectin on nitrogen fixation
activity and plants productivity was studied. The inoculum was prepared
by 20 hours incubation of rhizobial suspensions with various lectin
concentrations under the temperature +28 °C. Correlation of incubated
components volumes was 1:1. Final bacterial concentration was no less
than 107 cell per 1 ml of suspension.
Results and discussion. Binding of nodule bacteria to the roots
of host-plant is considered to be one of the important stages preceding
the bacterial infection of legumes. This is following by activation of
enzymes synthesis, damaging cell walls of root fibrils resulting in its
deformation and rhizobia penetration to the root cells of host-plant.
39
Experiments studying the ability of most specific to lectin sugars
(haptens) to decrease the binding level of nodule bacteria to the roots of
host-plant have proved the lectins participation in rhizobia adsorption
to the roots of legume plants. As is seen from the table 1, incubation of
lupine roots in the solution of lupine lectin’s hapten, D-galactose, has
resulted in the decrease of the number of adsorbed on their surface cells
of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus).
Table 1. The influence of lectin hapten on the adsorption
of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) strain 359а on lupine roots
Variant
Number of cells per 1 cm of root, ×103
time of
incubation
– 1 h
% to
control
time of
incubation
– 2 h
% to
control
Control (preincubation of
roots in water) 62,8±2,3 100 82,8±2,3 –
Preincubation of roots in
0,1 mol D-galactose 25,9±1,5 41 13,8±1,3 16
Moreover, the number of the attached bacterial cells has depended
on the duration of incubation. Thus, in control variant the number of
adsorbed bacteria was 63×103 cells after the 1 hour incubation of
roots in rhizobia suspension, while their preliminary treatment with
D-galactose has decreased it to 26×103 cells. After 2 hours of rhizobia
incubation in the solution of this lectin’s hapten the number of bacterial
cells adsorbed on the root surface was reduced to the 14×103 cells
(table 1). Since galactose is a carbohydrate specific to the lupine’s lectin,
it blocks active centre of given protein and prevents its adsorption with
the polysaccharides of bacterial cells followed by the decrease of their
number on the root surface. Effect of lectin haptens on the adsorption
level has confirmed their active role on the initial stages of symbiosis
formation.
We have also studied the changes in lectin activity in different
plant organs dependently to plants age. It was established that nodules
have the most considerable activity of lectins.
Analysis of nitrogen fixation and lectin activity of protein extracts
isolated from the lupine nodules has revealed the dependence of
hemagglutination activity of nodules lectins on the activity of rhizobia
strain used for plants inoculation (fig. 1). As is seen from the figure the
40
high level of nitrogen fixation activity of strains corresponds to the high
lectin activity of protein isolated from the nodules. At the low level of
nitrogen fixation (inoculation with inactive strains 604k B. japonicum –
fig. 1А and 400 Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) – fig. 1B) the insignificant
lectin activity of root nodules was observed. Direct relationship between
nitrogen fixation and lectin activity testifies the direct participation of
lectins in the processes of nitrogen fixation. In addition, as was shown
for the first time, the activity of inoculum strain also influences on the
level of lectin activity of protein extracts isolated from the other organs
of host-plants. The results obtained have testified participation of lectins
not only in fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in nodules but in various
other physiological processes in plant.
Fig. 1. Nitrogen fixation (µmol С2Н4·plant-1·h-1) and lectin activity
(AU/50 µl) of soybean (A) and lupine (B) nodules inoculated
by Bradyrhizobium strains with various activity
41
Taking into the account the high activity of lectin in different parts
of lupine and soybean plants and basing on the literature data regarding
their biological role in plants growth and development processes we have
made a conclusion on the appropriateness of exogenous application of
lectins at presowing inoculation of legume plants.
It was revealed that combined treatment of soybean plant seeds
with suspension of B. japonicum 634b (specific) and 631 (non-specific,
promotes nodule formation on both soybean and lupine) strains and
lectins of soybean and lupine, homologous to these strains consequently
activate nitrogen fixation activity of formed nodules.
Though, the soybean lectin promotes nitrogen fixation activity
of both studied strains while lectin isolated from the lupine plants had
increased the activity of 631 B. japonicum strain (used for inoculation of
soybean and lupine plants) only (fig. 2). Enhancement of such activity
might be related to the effect of homologous lectin of host-plant on the
metabolism of bacterial cell, as well as on the synthesis of enzymes
participating in the process of nitrogen fixation, and nitrogenase in first
place.
Fig. 2. The influence of specific and nonspecific soybean nodule
bacteria lectins on soybean nitrogen fixation activity
(µmol С2Н4·plant-1·h-1)
Preincubation of soybean rhizobia with the lectins not specific to
the legume plants, namely lectins of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), pea
(Pisum sativum L.) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) has showed
the suppressive effect of these agglutinins on the nitrogen fixation
activity of nodules. In particular, general nitrogen fixation activity of
root nodules was decreased up to 40% depending on the lectin type and
inoculum strain. At the same time heterologous lectins almost in all
42
variants has a positive effect on the mass of root nodules, in other words
– on the «plant part» of the symbiotic system.
It can be assumed that presence of exogenous lectin in inoculum
effects not only microsymbiont but also the host-plant. Thus, we can
consider that lectins might be used as the biological active substance
positively influencing on symbiosis productivity and plants yield.
Investigation of nitrogen fixation activity in nodules in plants
inoculated with rhizobia suspensions with different lectin concentrations
(2, 20, 200 mcg/ml) has revealed the 20 µg of lectin per 1 litre of
bacterial suspension to be the most efficient dose. At budding and
flowering periods this index in soybean plants was almost 4 times higher
comparing to control value. Fruiting stage had revealed a little bit lower
difference but still it has twice exceeded the control variant.
Table 2. The influence of different concentrations of specific lectin
on nitrogen fixation activity (µmol С2Н4 plant-1 h-1) and yield
(centner per ha) of soybean inoculated by strain B. japonicum 634b
(field experiments)
Lectin concentration,
µg/ml bacterial
suspension
Nitrogen fixation
activity (budding) Yield
Yield increase to
control
centner/ha %
Control (without lectin) 5,13±0,24 27,9±1,6 – –
50 4,37±0,29 32,3±2,2 4,4 15,8
100 4,93±0,15 32,7±1,7 4,8 17,2
200 9,85±0,38 33,3±1,9 5,4 19,4
300 7,78±0,28 34,5±2,1 6,6 23,6
LSD05 3,9
In order to examine whether lectins preserve their effect (on
nitrogen fixation, in particular) in natural conditions we conducted a
number of field experiments. At this, analysis of nitrogen fixation
activity of soybean plants has shown, that the application of bacterial
suspensions containing 200 and 300 µg/ml of lectin was the most
effective at budding stage (table 2). The level of nitrogen fixation in
these variants was 91 and 51 % higher comparing to control. The same
dependencies were observed during the other ontogenesis stages.
Influence of various factors on productivity of plants is measured
by their yield. In our experiments use of exogenous lectins in different
concentrations has ensured the considerable yield increase (table 2). At
43
this the tendency to its increase at the rise of lectin concentration in
the inoculation suspension was noticed. Moreover, the most economical
concentration was 200 µg of lectin per 1 ml of bacterial suspension.
Hence, lectins, as multifunctional compounds are considered
to be the signal molecules used to control formation and functioning
of legume-rhizobial system. The nature of their influence on nitrogen
fixation and plants productivity allows their examination as the effectors
of plant growth and development. In addition, the data obtained indicates
the perspectives of the application of bacterial preparations including
homologous lectin and might be used in the improvement of agricultural
crops production technologies.
1. Dazzo F.B. Host – specificity in Rhizobium – legume interactions
/Dazzo F.B., Gardiol A.F. //Genes involved microbe – plant interact. – New
York: Acad. Press, 1984. – P. 3-131.
2. Dazzo F.B. Interaction of lectins and their saccharide receptors in the
Rhizobium – legume symbiosis /Dazzo F.B., Truchet G.L. //J. Membrane Biol.
– 1983. – Vol. 73, № 1. – P. 1-16.
3. De Hoff P.L. Plant lectins: the ties that bind in root symbiosis and
plant defense /De Hoff P.L., Brill L.M., Hirsch A.M. //Mol. Genet. Genomics.
– 2009. – Vol. 282. – P. 1-15.
4. A nod factor binding lectin with apyrase activity from legume roots
/[Etzler M.E., Kalsi G., Ewing N.N. et al.] //Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. – 1999.
– Vol. 96. – P. 5856-5861.
5. The acetylene – ethylene assay for N2 fixation: laboratory and field
evaluation /Hardy R.W.F., Holsten R.D., Jackson E.K., Burns R.C. //Plant
Physiol. – 1968. – Vol. 43, № 8. – P. 1185-1207.
6. Hirsch A.M. Role of lectins (and rhizobial exopolysaccharides)
in legume nodulation /Hirsch A.M. //Current Opinion in Plant Biol. – 1999.
– Vol. 2. – P. 320-326.
7. Lutsyk M.D. Lektyny (Lectins) /Lutsyk M.D., Panasyuk E.N.,
Lutsyk A.D. – Lviv: Vischa shkola. –1981. – 154 p.
8. Isolation of lectins from seeds and roots of lupine (Lupinus luteus L.)
and study their properties /Malichenko S.M., Nazarenko N.I., Kirichenko E.V.,
Zaets V.N. //Fiziologia i Biokhimiya Kul’t. Rastenij. – 1994. – Vol. 26, № 3.
– P. 252-256.
9. About the lupine roots lectins significance in contact
establishing between plant and rhizobia upon symbiosis formation
/Malichenko S.M., Nazarenko N.I., Kyrychenko E.V., Starchenkov E.P.
//Fiziologia i Biokhimiya Kul’t. Rastenij. – 1994. – Vol. 26, № 4. – P. 333-
338.
44
10. Podgorskij V.S. Lektyny bacterij (Lectins of bacteria)
/V.S. Podgorskij, E.A. Kovalenko, I.A. Symonenko. – Kyiv: Nauk. dumka,
1992. – 203 p.
11. Rigas H. Purification and properties of the PHA of Phaseolus vulgaris
/Rigas H., Osgood E. //J. Biol. Chem. – 1955. – Vol. 212, № 2. – P. 607-615.
ЛЕКТИНИ ТА ІХ РОЛЬ У ФОРМУВАННІ І
ФУНКЦІОНУВАННІ БОБОВО-РИЗОБІАЛЬНИХ
СИМБІОЗІВ
Коць С.Я., Маличенко С.М., Маменко П.М.,
Волкогон М.В., Михалків Л.М.
Інститут фізіології рослин і генетики НАН України, м. Київ
У статті розглядається питання ролі лектинів бобових у
становленні азотфіксувальних симбіотичних систем цих рослин
із бульбочковими бактеріями. Наводяться докази позитивного
впливу досліджуваних білків на прикріплення ризобій до коренів
бобових рослин. Було встановлено, що рівень гемаглютинуючої
активності лектинів сої та бульбочок люпину прямо залежить
від активності азотфіксації. Обробка насіння сої ризобіальною
суспензією разом із гомологічним лектином сприяла підвищенню
азотфіксації в бульбочках і значно підвищувала продуктивність
рослин, що підтверджує перспективність застосування лектинів
бобових у композиції з бактеріальними добривами для обробки
насіння бобових рослин.
Ключові слова: лектини бобових, бобово-ризобіальний
симбіоз.
45
ЛЕКТИНЫ И ИХ РОЛЬ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ И
ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ БОБОВО-РИЗОБИАЛЬНЫХ
СИМБИОЗОВ
Коць С.Я., Маличенко С.Н., Маменко П.Н.,
Волкогон Н.В., Михалкив Л.Н.
Інститут физиологии растений и генетики НАН Украины, г. Киев
В статье рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся роли
лектинов бобовых в формировании азотфиксирующих сим-
биотических систем этих растений с клубеньковыми бактериями.
Приводятся доказательства позитивного влияния исследуемых
белков на прикрепление ризобий к корням бобовых растений. Было
установлено, что уровень геммагглютинирующей активности
лектинов сои и клубеньков люпина напрямую зависит от
активности азотфиксации. Оброботка семян сои ризобиальной
суспензией совместно с гомологичным лектином способствовала
усилению азотфиксации в клубеньках и значительно повышала
продуктивность растений, что подтверждает перспективность
использования лектинов бобовых в композициях с бактериальными
удобрениями для обработки семян бобовых растений.
Ключевые слова: лектины бобовых, бобово-ризобиальный
симбіоз.
|
| id | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-270 |
| institution | Agriciltural microbiology |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:08:47Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | smicinua/e5/90e38c45d59986958628038eac0b44e5.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-2702026-07-22T10:10:46Z LECTINS AND THEIR ROLE IN FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF LEGUME-RHIZOBIAL SYMBIOSIS ЛЕКТИНЫ И ИХ РОЛЬ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ БОБОВО-РИЗОБИАЛЬНЫХ СИМБИОЗОВ Коць , С.Я. Маличенко , С.Н. Маменко , П.Н. Волкогон , Н.В. Михалкив , Л.Н. legume lectins, legume-rhizobial symbiosis лектины бобовых, бобово-ризобиальный симбіоз The paper covers the role of lectins of legumes in the establishing of nitrogen fixing symbiosis with nodule bacteria. The positive influence of these proteins in initiation of rhizobia binding to the roots of legume plants was proved. It was established that level of hemagglutination activity of lectins of soybean and lupine nodules directly relate on the activity of nitrogen fixation. Treatment of soybean seeds with the rhizobial suspension combined with homologous lectin promoted nitrogen fixation in nodules and has considerably increased crop yield thus indicating perceptiveness of use of legumes lectins in compositions of bacterial fertilizers for legume plants. В статье рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся роли лектинов бобовых в формировании азотфиксирующих симбиотических систем этих растений с клубеньковыми бактериями. Приводятся доказательства позитивного влияния исследуемых белков на прикрепление ризобий к корням бобовых растений. Было установлено, что уровень геммагглютинирующей активности лектинов сои и клубеньков люпина напрямую зависит от активности азотфиксации. Оброботка семян сои ризобиальной суспензией совместно с гомологичным лектином способствовала усилению азотфиксации в клубеньках и значительно повышала продуктивность растений, что подтверждает перспективность использования лектинов бобовых в композициях с бактериальными удобрениями для обработки семян бобовых растений. Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2011-03-22 Article Article Рецензована Стаття application/pdf https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/270 10.35868/1997-3004.12.37-45 Agricultural microbiology; Vol. 12 (2011): Agriciltural microbiology; 37-45 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; Том 12 (2011): Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; 37-45 1997-3004 10.35868/1997-3004.12 en https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/270/362 Авторське право (c) 2011 S.Ya. Kots , S.M. Malichenko , P.M. Mamenko , M.V. Volkogon , L.M. Mykhalkiv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | лектины бобовых бобово-ризобиальный симбіоз Коць , С.Я. Маличенко , С.Н. Маменко , П.Н. Волкогон , Н.В. Михалкив , Л.Н. ЛЕКТИНЫ И ИХ РОЛЬ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ БОБОВО-РИЗОБИАЛЬНЫХ СИМБИОЗОВ |
| title | ЛЕКТИНЫ И ИХ РОЛЬ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ БОБОВО-РИЗОБИАЛЬНЫХ СИМБИОЗОВ |
| title_alt | LECTINS AND THEIR ROLE IN FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF LEGUME-RHIZOBIAL SYMBIOSIS |
| title_full | ЛЕКТИНЫ И ИХ РОЛЬ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ БОБОВО-РИЗОБИАЛЬНЫХ СИМБИОЗОВ |
| title_fullStr | ЛЕКТИНЫ И ИХ РОЛЬ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ БОБОВО-РИЗОБИАЛЬНЫХ СИМБИОЗОВ |
| title_full_unstemmed | ЛЕКТИНЫ И ИХ РОЛЬ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ БОБОВО-РИЗОБИАЛЬНЫХ СИМБИОЗОВ |
| title_short | ЛЕКТИНЫ И ИХ РОЛЬ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ БОБОВО-РИЗОБИАЛЬНЫХ СИМБИОЗОВ |
| title_sort | лектины и их роль в формировании и функционировании бобово-ризобиальных симбиозов |
| topic | лектины бобовых бобово-ризобиальный симбіоз |
| topic_facet | legume lectins legume-rhizobial symbiosis лектины бобовых бобово-ризобиальный симбіоз |
| url | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/270 |
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