ГРИБНИЙ ПАТОГЕННИЙ КОМПЛЕКС КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН СОЇ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ
Objective. To characterize the fungal pathogenic complex of the root zone of cultivated soybean plants grown on sod-medium podzolic soil, to identify the most harmful pathogens of root diseases. Methods. Phytopathogenic micromycetes were isolated from affected soybean plants. For this, segments of p...
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Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine
2022
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oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-495 |
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| record_format |
ojs |
| institution |
Agriciltural microbiology |
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mycocenosis micromycetes phytopathogenic fungi cultivated soybean Fusarium Alternaria мікоценоз мікроміцети фітопатогенні гриби соя культурна Fusarium Alternaria |
| spellingShingle |
mycocenosis micromycetes phytopathogenic fungi cultivated soybean Fusarium Alternaria мікоценоз мікроміцети фітопатогенні гриби соя культурна Fusarium Alternaria Цехмістер, Г.В. Копилов, Є.П. Кислинська, А.С. ГРИБНИЙ ПАТОГЕННИЙ КОМПЛЕКС КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН СОЇ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ |
| topic_facet |
mycocenosis micromycetes phytopathogenic fungi cultivated soybean Fusarium Alternaria мікоценоз мікроміцети фітопатогенні гриби соя культурна Fusarium Alternaria |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Цехмістер, Г.В. Копилов, Є.П. Кислинська, А.С. |
| author_facet |
Цехмістер, Г.В. Копилов, Є.П. Кислинська, А.С. |
| author_sort |
Цехмістер, Г.В. |
| title |
ГРИБНИЙ ПАТОГЕННИЙ КОМПЛЕКС КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН СОЇ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ |
| title_short |
ГРИБНИЙ ПАТОГЕННИЙ КОМПЛЕКС КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН СОЇ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ |
| title_full |
ГРИБНИЙ ПАТОГЕННИЙ КОМПЛЕКС КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН СОЇ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ |
| title_fullStr |
ГРИБНИЙ ПАТОГЕННИЙ КОМПЛЕКС КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН СОЇ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ |
| title_full_unstemmed |
ГРИБНИЙ ПАТОГЕННИЙ КОМПЛЕКС КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН СОЇ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ |
| title_sort |
грибний патогенний комплекс кореневої зони рослин сої культурної |
| title_alt |
FUNGAL PATHOGENIC COMPLEX OF THE ROOT ZONE OF CULTIVATED SOYBEAN PLANTS |
| description |
Objective. To characterize the fungal pathogenic complex of the root zone of cultivated soybean plants grown on sod-medium podzolic soil, to identify the most harmful pathogens of root diseases. Methods. Phytopathogenic micromycetes were isolated from affected soybean plants. For this, segments of plant material (roots, seeds, leaf blade) (3–5 mm) were thoroughly washed for 15 min under running water, their surface was sterilized with 96 % ethyl alcohol for 1 min, washed twice with sterile water and placed in Petri dishes on 4 % wort agar with 250 ppm streptomycin and placed in a thermostat (26 °C). At Day 4, isolates were obtained on wort agar and grown for 14 days at 26 °C. Confirmation of the pathogenicity of the selected isolates was carried out in a sterile vegetative experiment on Strive variety soybean plants. To do this, 1 dm3 glasses were filled with a substrate containing 50 g of consolidated vermiculite and 200 g of water and sterilized for 1 hour at 1.5 atm. Healthy soybean seeds were pre-selected, thoroughly washed under running water and sprouted in a humid chamber for 2 days so that the seedlings had a root length of 1–2 cm and carefully washed in sterile tap water. Ten soybean sprouts were placed in each glass and 3 mL of an aqueous spore-mycelial mixture of selected isolates (experiment) or 3 mL of sterile water (control) were added. At Day 14, the plants were removed, thoroughly and carefully washed, the number of affected plants was counted (% prevalence) and the dry matter of roots and shoots was measured. Results. A total of 16 strains of fungi, the causative agents of root diseases, were isolated in pure culture from roots, seeds and leaf plates of affected soybean plants. The isolated pathogens belonged to the genera Fusarium Link:Fr, Alternaria (Fr.) Keissler, Verticillium Nees. The phytopathogenic effect of fungi of the genus Verticillium isolated from the washed roots of soybean plants was insignificant. Fusarium was represented by F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. moniliforme var. lactis, F. gibbosum, among which F. gibbosum exerted the greatest phytopathogenic effect. The isolated F. gibbosum C4 affects seedlings first. The roots of the affected plants develop poorly, the plants are easily pulled out and lag behind in growth and development. Among the selected Alternaria strains, A. consortiale C8 which was characterized by rapid growth, turned out to be the most harmful. A. consortiale C8 first affects seedlings, then appears on other parts of plants: roots, stems, leaves. On soybean leaves, the first sign of alternaria leaf spots is dark brown spots of various sizes and shapes, the leaves wither and die. Affected plants lag behind in growth. Infection of soybean plants by phytopathogenic fungi leads to a decrease in the content of dry matter both in the roots and in the aboveground mass of the plants. In the case of F. gibbosum C4 infection, the content of dry matter in the roots decreased by 27 %, in the aboveground mass of plants — by 19 %. Infection with A. consortiale C8 led to a decrease in dry matter by 29 % and 27 %, respectively. Conclusion. The fungal pathogenic complex in soybean crops consisted of representatives of the Objective. To characterize the fungal pathogenic complex of the root zone of cultivated soybean plants grown on sod-medium podzolic soil, to identify the most harmful pathogens of root diseases. Methods. Phytopathogenic micromycetes were isolated from affected soybean plants. For this, segments of plant material (roots, seeds, leaf blade) (3–5 mm) were thoroughly washed for 15 min under running water, their surface was sterilized with 96 % ethyl alcohol for 1 min, washed twice with sterile water and placed in Petri dishes on 4 % wort agar with 250 ppm streptomycin and placed in a thermostat (26 °C). At Day 4, isolates were obtained on wort agar and grown for 14 days at 26 °C. Confirmation of the pathogenicity of the selected isolates was carried out in a sterile vegetative experiment on Strive variety soybean plants. To do this, 1 dm3 glasses were filled with a substrate containing 50 g of consolidated vermiculite and 200 g of water and sterilized for 1 hour at 1.5 atm. Healthy soybean seeds were pre-selected, thoroughly washed under running water and sprouted in a humid chamber for 2 days so that the seedlings had a root length of 1–2 cm and carefully washed in sterile tap water. Ten soybean sprouts were placed in each glass and 3 mL of an aqueous spore-mycelial mixture of selected isolates (experiment) or 3 mL of sterile water (control) were added. At Day 14, the plants were removed, thoroughly and carefully washed, the number of affected plants was counted (% prevalence) and the dry matter of roots and shoots was measured. Results. A total of 16 strains of fungi, the causative agents of root diseases, were isolated in pure culture from roots, seeds and leaf plates of affected soybean plants. The isolated pathogens belonged to the genera Fusarium Link:Fr, Alternaria (Fr.) Keissler, Verticillium Nees. The phytopathogenic effect of fungi of the genus Verticillium isolated from the washed roots of soybean plants was insignificant. Fusarium was represented by F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. moniliforme var. lactis, F. gibbosum, among which F. gibbosum exerted the greatest phytopathogenic effect. The isolated F. gibbosum C4 affects seedlings first. The roots of the affected plants develop poorly, the plants are easily pulled out and lag behind in growth and development. Among the selected Alternaria strains, A. consortiale C8 which was characterized by rapid growth, turned out to be the most harmful. A. consortiale C8 first affects seedlings, then appears on other parts of plants: roots, stems, leaves. On soybean leaves, the first sign of alternaria leaf spots is dark brown spots of various sizes and shapes, the leaves wither and die. Affected plants lag behind in growth. Infection of soybean plants by phytopathogenic fungi leads to a decrease in the content of dry matter both in the roots and in the aboveground mass of the plants. In the case of F. gibbosum C4 infection, the content of dry matter in the roots decreased by 27 %, in the aboveground mass of plants — by 19 %. Infection with A. consortiale C8 led to a decrease in dry matter by 29 % and 27 %, respectively. Conclusion. The fungal pathogenic complex in soybean crops consisted of representatives of the |
| publisher |
Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| url |
https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/495 |
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oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-4952023-01-18T12:10:52Z FUNGAL PATHOGENIC COMPLEX OF THE ROOT ZONE OF CULTIVATED SOYBEAN PLANTS ГРИБНИЙ ПАТОГЕННИЙ КОМПЛЕКС КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН СОЇ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ Цехмістер, Г.В. Копилов, Є.П. Кислинська, А.С. mycocenosis, micromycetes, phytopathogenic fungi, cultivated soybean, Fusarium, Alternaria мікоценоз, мікроміцети, фітопатогенні гриби, соя культурна, Fusarium, Alternaria Objective. To characterize the fungal pathogenic complex of the root zone of cultivated soybean plants grown on sod-medium podzolic soil, to identify the most harmful pathogens of root diseases. Methods. Phytopathogenic micromycetes were isolated from affected soybean plants. For this, segments of plant material (roots, seeds, leaf blade) (3–5 mm) were thoroughly washed for 15 min under running water, their surface was sterilized with 96 % ethyl alcohol for 1 min, washed twice with sterile water and placed in Petri dishes on 4 % wort agar with 250 ppm streptomycin and placed in a thermostat (26 °C). At Day 4, isolates were obtained on wort agar and grown for 14 days at 26 °C. Confirmation of the pathogenicity of the selected isolates was carried out in a sterile vegetative experiment on Strive variety soybean plants. To do this, 1 dm3 glasses were filled with a substrate containing 50 g of consolidated vermiculite and 200 g of water and sterilized for 1 hour at 1.5 atm. Healthy soybean seeds were pre-selected, thoroughly washed under running water and sprouted in a humid chamber for 2 days so that the seedlings had a root length of 1–2 cm and carefully washed in sterile tap water. Ten soybean sprouts were placed in each glass and 3 mL of an aqueous spore-mycelial mixture of selected isolates (experiment) or 3 mL of sterile water (control) were added. At Day 14, the plants were removed, thoroughly and carefully washed, the number of affected plants was counted (% prevalence) and the dry matter of roots and shoots was measured. Results. A total of 16 strains of fungi, the causative agents of root diseases, were isolated in pure culture from roots, seeds and leaf plates of affected soybean plants. The isolated pathogens belonged to the genera Fusarium Link:Fr, Alternaria (Fr.) Keissler, Verticillium Nees. The phytopathogenic effect of fungi of the genus Verticillium isolated from the washed roots of soybean plants was insignificant. Fusarium was represented by F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. moniliforme var. lactis, F. gibbosum, among which F. gibbosum exerted the greatest phytopathogenic effect. The isolated F. gibbosum C4 affects seedlings first. The roots of the affected plants develop poorly, the plants are easily pulled out and lag behind in growth and development. Among the selected Alternaria strains, A. consortiale C8 which was characterized by rapid growth, turned out to be the most harmful. A. consortiale C8 first affects seedlings, then appears on other parts of plants: roots, stems, leaves. On soybean leaves, the first sign of alternaria leaf spots is dark brown spots of various sizes and shapes, the leaves wither and die. Affected plants lag behind in growth. Infection of soybean plants by phytopathogenic fungi leads to a decrease in the content of dry matter both in the roots and in the aboveground mass of the plants. In the case of F. gibbosum C4 infection, the content of dry matter in the roots decreased by 27 %, in the aboveground mass of plants — by 19 %. Infection with A. consortiale C8 led to a decrease in dry matter by 29 % and 27 %, respectively. Conclusion. The fungal pathogenic complex in soybean crops consisted of representatives of the Objective. To characterize the fungal pathogenic complex of the root zone of cultivated soybean plants grown on sod-medium podzolic soil, to identify the most harmful pathogens of root diseases. Methods. Phytopathogenic micromycetes were isolated from affected soybean plants. For this, segments of plant material (roots, seeds, leaf blade) (3–5 mm) were thoroughly washed for 15 min under running water, their surface was sterilized with 96 % ethyl alcohol for 1 min, washed twice with sterile water and placed in Petri dishes on 4 % wort agar with 250 ppm streptomycin and placed in a thermostat (26 °C). At Day 4, isolates were obtained on wort agar and grown for 14 days at 26 °C. Confirmation of the pathogenicity of the selected isolates was carried out in a sterile vegetative experiment on Strive variety soybean plants. To do this, 1 dm3 glasses were filled with a substrate containing 50 g of consolidated vermiculite and 200 g of water and sterilized for 1 hour at 1.5 atm. Healthy soybean seeds were pre-selected, thoroughly washed under running water and sprouted in a humid chamber for 2 days so that the seedlings had a root length of 1–2 cm and carefully washed in sterile tap water. Ten soybean sprouts were placed in each glass and 3 mL of an aqueous spore-mycelial mixture of selected isolates (experiment) or 3 mL of sterile water (control) were added. At Day 14, the plants were removed, thoroughly and carefully washed, the number of affected plants was counted (% prevalence) and the dry matter of roots and shoots was measured. Results. A total of 16 strains of fungi, the causative agents of root diseases, were isolated in pure culture from roots, seeds and leaf plates of affected soybean plants. The isolated pathogens belonged to the genera Fusarium Link:Fr, Alternaria (Fr.) Keissler, Verticillium Nees. The phytopathogenic effect of fungi of the genus Verticillium isolated from the washed roots of soybean plants was insignificant. Fusarium was represented by F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. moniliforme var. lactis, F. gibbosum, among which F. gibbosum exerted the greatest phytopathogenic effect. The isolated F. gibbosum C4 affects seedlings first. The roots of the affected plants develop poorly, the plants are easily pulled out and lag behind in growth and development. Among the selected Alternaria strains, A. consortiale C8 which was characterized by rapid growth, turned out to be the most harmful. A. consortiale C8 first affects seedlings, then appears on other parts of plants: roots, stems, leaves. On soybean leaves, the first sign of alternaria leaf spots is dark brown spots of various sizes and shapes, the leaves wither and die. Affected plants lag behind in growth. Infection of soybean plants by phytopathogenic fungi leads to a decrease in the content of dry matter both in the roots and in the aboveground mass of the plants. In the case of F. gibbosum C4 infection, the content of dry matter in the roots decreased by 27 %, in the aboveground mass of plants — by 19 %. Infection with A. consortiale C8 led to a decrease in dry matter by 29 % and 27 %, respectively. Conclusion. The fungal pathogenic complex in soybean crops consisted of representatives of the Мета. Охарактеризувати грибний патогенний комплекс кореневої зони рослин сої культурної, що вирощувалися на дерново-середньопідзолистому ґрунті, виділити найбільш шкідливі збудники кореневих хвороб. Методи. Виділення ізолятів фітопатогенних мікроміцетів проводили з уражених рослин сої. Для цього сегменти рослинного матеріалу (коренів, насіння, листової пластинки — 3–5 мм) ретельно промивали 15 хв. під проточною водою, поверхнево стерилізували 96 %-им етиловим спиртом протягом 1 хв., двічі промивали стерильною водою й розкладали в чашки Петрі на 4 %-ий сусло-агар з 250 ppm стрептоміцину та поміщали в термостат (26 °С). На 4-ту добу проводили виділення ізолятів на сусло-агар та вирощували їх протягом 14 діб за температури 26 °С. Підтвердження патогенності виділених ізолятів проводили у стерильному вегетаційному досліді на рослинах сої культурної сорту Страйв. Для цього склянки ємністю 1 дм3 наповнювали субстратом, який містив 50 г спученого вермикуліту та 200 г води, і стерилізували протягом 1 год. за 1,5 атм. Попередньо відбирали зовні здорове насіння сої, ретельно його промивали під проточною водою та пророщували у вологій камері протягом 2 діб, щоб проростки мали довжину корінця 1–2 см, і обережно промивали в стерильній водопровідній воді. В кожну склянку вміщували по 10 паростків сої та вносили по 3 мл водної спорово-міцеліальної суміші виділених ізолятів (дослід) або 3 мл стерильної води (контроль). На 14-ту добу рослини вилучали, ретельно й обережно промивали, рахували кількість уражених рослин (поширеність, %) та вимірювали суху масу коренів і пагонів. Результати. Усього з коренів, насіння, листової пластинки уражених рослин сої у чисту культуру ізольовано 16 штамів грибів — збудників кореневих хвороб. Виділені збудники належали до родів Fusarium Link:Fr, Alternaria (Fr.) Keissler, Verticillium Nees. Фітопатогенна дія грибів роду Verticillium, виділених із відмитих коренів рослин сої, була незначною. Рід Fusarium було представлено видами F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. moniliforme var. lactis, F. gibbosum, серед яких найбільшу фітопатогенну дію чинив F. gibbosum. Виділений штам F. gibbosum С4 уражує спочатку сходи. Корені уражених рослин розвиваються слабо, рослини легко вириваються й відстають у рості та розвитку. Серед виділених штамів альтернарії найбільш шкодочинним виявився штам A. consortialis С8, який характеризувався швидким ростом. A. consortialis С8 уражує спочатку сходи, потім з’являється на інших частинах рослин: коренях, стеблах, листках. На листках сої першою ознакою альтернаріозу є темно-бурі плями різного розміру та форми, листки в’януть та засихають. Уражені рослини відстають у рості. Ураження рослин сої фітопатогенними грибами призводить до зменшення вмісту сухої речовини як у коренях, так і в надземній масі рослин. У випадку зараження F. gibbosum С4 вміст сухої речовини у коренях зменшився на 27 %, в надземній масі рослин — на 19 %. Зараження A. consortiale С8 призвело до зменшення сухої маси відповідно на 29 % і 27 %. Висновки. Грибний патогенний комплекс у посівах сої складався з представників родів Fusarium, Alternaria, Verticillium. Рід Fusarium представлений видами F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. moniliforme var. lactis та F. gibbosum. Найбільшу фітопатогенну дію на рослини сої чинили виділені штами F. gibbosum С4 і A. consortialis С8. Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2022-06-05 Article Article Рецензована стаття application/pdf https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/495 10.35868/1997-3004.35.73-81 Agriciltural microbiology; Vol 35 (2022): Agriciltural microbiology; 73-81 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; Том 35 (2022): Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; 73-81 1997-3004 10.35868/1997-3004.35 uk https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/495/569 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |