РОЛЬ МІКРООРГАНІЗМІВ У ПЕРВИННИХ ПРОЦЕСАХ ФОРМУВАННЯ РОДЮЧОСТІ ҐРУНТІВ

• Дата: 2024
• Автор: Волкогон, В. В.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2024
• Теми: біологічне вивітрювання; педогенез ґрунтів; біологічні кірки; субаеральні біоплівки; ґрунтоутворення
• Онлайн доступ: https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/522
• Назва журналу: Agriciltural microbiology

Objective. Analysis of literature on the role of microorganisms in soil paedogenesis. Methods. Analysis. Synthesis. Generalisation. Results. The significance of microorganisms in the processes of rock weathering, biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements, emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis, accumulation of primary organic matter and creation of conditions for the development of vascular plants has been justified. It is emphasized that the trophic base on the surface of rocks is created by the first colonizers, such as cyanobacteria, green algae, lichens, mosses and fungi, which often conglomerate and form a biological crust. At the same time, most crust-forming organisms are capable of photosynthesis and/or nitrogen fixation, and thus increase the content of C and N in the substrates. It is biological crusts that pave the way for vascular plants since on the one hand they contribute to the formation of organic matter in the substrate, providing conditions for the initial stages of soil fertility formation, and on the other hand they create favourable microenvironments for plant growth. In addition to biological crusts, the high efficiency of the primary biological destruction of rocks is measured by chemolithotrophic processes carried out by nitric and sulphuric acid-producing bacteria. Also, according to modern concepts, along with autotrophs, heterotrophic microorganisms capable of withstanding extreme conditions have a significant influence on the primary weathering of rocks, which is reflected in the concepts of subaerial biofilms. It is justified that the appearance of vascular plants in interaction with microorganisms accelerates the processes of soil formation. Consideration of the initial role, accumulation, successional sequence of microbial groups and their close relationships with biological crusts and vascular plants is critical to understand soil development. The peculiarities of providing the original soil-forming substrates with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur, necessary for the formation of organic matter, have been considered. Conclusion. Soil formation is a multi-organized evolutionary process that includes various biological processes on local and global biogeochemical scales. The role of microorganisms is extremely important