ГРИБНИЙ ПАТОГЕННИЙ КОМПЛЕКС ҐРУНТУ ЗА ТРИВАЛОГО ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ЯБЛУНІ
Objective. Study the pathogenic mycobiome of dark grey podzolized soil upon long-term cultivation of apple trees. Methods. Accounting and isolation of micromycetes was carried out by inoculating aqueous dilutions of the soil suspension on wort agar. The identification of fungi was carried out accord...
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2024 |
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| Автори: | , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Ukrainian |
| Опубліковано: |
Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine
2024
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| Теми: | |
| Онлайн доступ: | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/525 |
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| Назва журналу: | Agriciltural microbiology |
Репозитарії
Agriciltural microbiology| Резюме: | Objective. Study the pathogenic mycobiome of dark grey podzolized soil upon long-term cultivation of apple trees. Methods. Accounting and isolation of micromycetes was carried out by inoculating aqueous dilutions of the soil suspension on wort agar. The identification of fungi was carried out according to the available parameters. The names of species and genera, as well as their nomenclature, are provided according to modern taxonomic systems and online databases MycoBank and Index Fungorum (http://www.mycobank.org/; https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens). A Venn diagram was plotted to visualize the phytopathogenic soil mycobiome for both species unique to sampling sites and those shared. Results. From 0 to 100 cm soil layer, 68 fungal species were isolated and identified, among which 19 species (28 %) are phytopathogenic for fruit and field crops. The structure of phytopathogenic soil mycobiome was formed by species belonging to 12 genera. The genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Ulocladium were characterized by the greatest species diversity, which together accounted for 55 % of the total structure of the pathogenic mycobiome. Among the isolated and identified fungi, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum spp. are the most dangerous. The largest number of phytopathogenic species was contained in the upper layers of the soil. Their number decreased with depth, and in 80 to 100 cm layer there were half as many. However, in the general structure of the soil mycobiome, an increase in the share of phytopathogenic species with depth was registered. The highest percentage of phytopathogenic fungal species was isolated at a depth of 80 to 100 cm and 60 to 80 cm (43 % and 40 %, respectively). In the upper soil layer (0 to 20 cm), the share of phytopathogenic species was 25 %, and at a depth of 20 to 40 cm — 28 %. The species diversity of representatives of the complex of causative agents of root diseases (rot) of apple trees is represented by 7 species from 6 genera, most of which belong to facultative parasites. The most common causative agents of root rot of apple trees in the entire studied sample were species of the genus Fusarium. Conclusion. A significant number of phytopathogenic species and a wide variety of root rot pathogens indicate significant risks of mycosis development in apple agrocenoses. Appropriate measures are required to improve the phytosanitary condition of the soil. |
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