НОВІ ЗБУДНИКИ ЧОРНОЇ НІЖКИ ТА М’ЯКОЇ ГНИЛІ КАРТОПЛІ ТА РИЗИКИ ЇХ ПОШИРЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ

• Datum: 2025
• Hauptverfasser: Демчук, І. В., Волкова, І. В., Трепач, А. О.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainian
• Veröffentlicht: Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2025
• Schlagworte: бактеріальні хвороби картоплі; чорна ніжка та м’яка гниль; Dickeya spp.; симптоми; інфікування бульб; втрати урожаю
• Online Zugang: https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/541
• Назва журналу: Agriciltural microbiology

Objective. To summarise the available data on new pathogens of blackleg and soft rot of potato tubers and analyse the risks of their spread. Methods. General scientific: comparison, generalisation, system analysis. The material for the analytical research was based on data from the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisations (EPPO), phytosanitary services of different countries and scientific literature. Results. The bacteria of the genus Dickeya, which were separated in 2005 from the genus Pectobacterium, are pathogens of potato diseases with the common names “blackleg of potato stems” and “soft rot of tubers”. The overview of changes in the classification of bacteria, the isolation of new species of the genus Dickeya, as well as the spread of new pathogens of the disease blackleg and soft rot of potatoes are provided. Numerous researches have shown that D. dianthicola and D. solani have become the dominant pathogens of potato blackleg in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, and Poland, from where they spread to different countries with potato seed material within a short period of time. The most important factor in the likelihood of a disease outbreak in a field is the level of seed tubers infection. The speed of the disease and the extent of its spread depend on the humidity and temperature of the growing season, as well as on the field microrelief. Conclusions. The likelihood of adaptation and spread of Dickeya spp. in Ukraine, under the conditions of free international trade in potato seed and ornamental plants, is very high, especially for areas of traditional potato growing and irrigated agriculture. Risks of disease spread are increasing due to the lack of phytosanitary control by the state. The search for ways to prevent and contain bacterial diseases of potatoes is relevant in the current conditions for the Ukrainian potato producers: climate change and the need for increased irrigation, lack of confidence in the quality of seed material, and the lack of chemical plant protection products against bacteriosis. Biological control of bacterial pathogens, in particular blackleg and soft rot of potatoes, currently seems to be the most realistic way to combat the disease, which causes huge annual economic losses to producers.