ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ АГРОЦЕНОЗІВ ПРИ ВИРОЩУВАННІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ КУЛЬТУР ЗА РІЗНИХ СИСТЕМ УДОБРЕННЯ ТА ІНОКУЛЯЦІЇ

• Datum: 2025
• 1. Verfasser: Пархоменко, М. М.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainisch
• Veröffentlicht: Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2025
• Schlagworte: органічні та мінеральні добрива; мікробні препарати; дерново-підзолистий ґрунт; кормові одиниці
• Online Zugang: https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/545
• Назва журналу: Agriciltural microbiology

Objective. To research the effectiveness of various fertilization systems and pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with microbial preparations in the cultivation of agricultural crops in two types of crop rotations on sod-podzolic soil. Methods. Field experiment (long-term stationary field experiment of the Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences), weighing (for yield accounting), statistical. Crop cultivation technologies typical for the region. The following biological preparations were used for inoculation of sowing/planting material: for winter wheat, spring wheat, and corn — Polymixobacterin (based on Paenibacillus polymyxa); for clover — Rhizobofit (based on Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. trifolii); for winter rye — Diazobakterin (based on Azospirillum brasilense); for potatoes — Biogran (based on Azospirillum brasilense and physiologically active substances of biological origin), for oats — Microgumin (based on Azospirillum brasilense); for narrow-leaved lupine — Rhizogumin (based on Bradyrhizobium lupini). Results. On average during 2016–2020, high productivity indicators in the studied crop rotations — grain (corn for grain → spring wheat → clover → winter wheat) and potato-grain (potatoes → oats → narrow-leaved lupine for grain → winter rye) were obtained using the average crop rotation rate of mineral fertilizers N60P50K60 against the background of direct action and after-effects of intermediate green manure (narrow-leaved lupine and winter rye), as well as the application of mineral fertilizers against the background of the action and after-effects of 10 t/ha of cattle manure. The effectiveness of combining manure with green manure was close to that of using manure in combination with mineral fertilizers. The highest productivity of both crop rotations studied was obtained in the variants where mineral fertilizers were combined with the total effect and after-effect of lupine green manure and manure. The after-effect of the intermediate green manure was observed for three years. The use of microbial preparations provided significant increases in crop rotation productivity. The best way to demonstrate the effectiveness of biological preparations was to use mineral fertilizers against the background of the action and after-effect of intermediate green manure, as well as a combination of 10 t/ha of manure, lupine green manure, and mineral fertilizers at the rate of N60P50K60. Conclusions. It is advisable to combine mineral fertilizers with the organic ones while growing crops on sod-podzolic soil. Intermediate green manure is a powerful fertilizing agent that can be a significant supplement and even an alternative to 10 t/ha of manure. The use of microbial preparations contributes to a significant increase in the productivity of crop rotations.