МІКРОБІОЛОГІЧНА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ СПОЛУК ФОСФОРУ ЗА ОРГАНО-МІНЕРАЛЬНОГО УДОБРЕННЯ ЯЧМЕНЮ ЯРОГО

• Datum: 2025
• Hauptverfasser: Пищур, І. М., Глибовець, І. О.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainisch
• Veröffentlicht: Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2025
• Schlagworte: органічні субстрати; продуктивність ячменю; рухомість фосфатів; солюбілізація фосфатів; фосфатазна активність; фосфатсолюбілізівні мікроорганізми
• Online Zugang: https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/549
• Назва журналу: Agriciltural microbiology

Objective. To research the peculiarities of microbiological transformation of phosphorus compounds in the root zone of spring barley plants after the application of cattle manure, wheat straw, and lupine green manure biomass separately and in combination with the direct action of mineral fertilizers when growing crops on leached black soil. Methods. A field stationary experiment in the crop rotation cycle potato – barley – peas – winter wheat; microbiological (determination of the number of bacteria that dissolve organic and calcium-bound forms of phosphates, Al- and Fe-phosphates), biochemical (phosphatase activity according to the Heller–Ginzburg method), agrochemical (degree of phosphate mobility according to the Karpinsky-Zamyatina method, phosphorus content in dry plant matter), and statistical. Results. The aftereffect of straw, green manure, and manure caused a 2.0–3.1-times increase in the number of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of barley and a double increase in phosphatase activity compared to the control, while the long-term systematic application of mineral fertilizers alone did not significantly stimulate the development of these groups of microbiota and, in some cases, inhibited enzymatic activity. Combined organic-mineral systems contributed to increased phosphorus mobilization and an increase in the proportion of mobile phosphates in the rhizosphere, resulting in an increase in grain yield from 2.64 to 5.47 t/ha and P2O5 removal. It has been established that the application of N90P90K90 against the background of the first year of straw and green manure after-effects ensures the maximum realization of the crop’s potential due to the synergy of microbiological and agrochemical mechanisms of phosphorus mobilization. Conclusions. The combination of mineral fertilizers with the aftereffect of organic matter of various origins is an effective way to maintain a high level of phosphatase activity, activate phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, increase phosphate mobility, optimize phosphorus nutrition, and increase the productivity of spring barley on leached black soil. The results obtained indicate the possibility of replacing part of mineral fertilizers with organic resources without reducing yield and with improving soil biological activity.