ВПЛИВ ГІДРОТЕРМІЧНИХ ЧИННИКІВ І МІКРОБІОЛОГІЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ҐРУНТУ НА ВРОЖАЙНІСТЬ КУКУРУДЗИ

• Datum: 2026
• Hauptverfasser: Бунас, А. А., Ткач, Є. Д., Шерстобоєва, О. В., Мовчан, І. П.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainisch
• Veröffentlicht: Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2026
• Schlagworte: Zea mays L.; мікробіоценоз; мікробна біомаса ґрунту; біологічна активність ґрунту; кліматичні зміни; посухостійкість
• Online Zugang: https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/558
• Назва журналу: Agriciltural microbiology

Objective. To study the impact of weather conditions (air temperature and precipitation) on the dynamics of soil microbiocenosis activity key indicators of, plant productivity, and the phytopathogenic state of the maize agrocenosis. Methods. Standard microbiological methods (microbial biomass carbon content, CO2 emission intensity), phytopathological methods, quantitative analysis of agrocenosis productivity, and methods of mathematical statistics were used. Results. A close link between microbiological activity and hydrothermal conditions as well as the plant growth stage was identified: the maximum microbial biomass was recorded in 2023 (198.1 μg C / g soil) during the tasseling stage, while CO2 emission intensity correlated with biomass dynamics, reaching a maximum in the waxy ripeness stage of corn (up to 36.2 mg CO2 / kg of soil). The phytopathogenic status of the agrocenosis showed that the contrasting moisture regime in 2022 contributed to the spread of diseases up to 68 % with a development rate not exceeding 3.5 %. In 2023, however, despite high microbiological activity, the infection rate decreased to 52 % and 2.1 %, respectively, indicating the antagonistic properties of the soil microbiome. Corn productivity also depended on the synchronization of microbiological processes and hydrothermal conditions: the highest grain yield (7.3 t/ha) was achieved in 2022 under relatively balanced water and temperature conditions, whereas in 2023, under temperature stress, the yield was 5.2 t/ha. Conclusions. The effectiveness of the maize agrocenosis is determined by the synchronization of hydrothermal conditions and microbiological processes in the soil. An active and structured microbiome is a key regulator of agroecosystem resilience, whereas moisture deficiency in critical phases limits the crop’s yield potential. The implementation of adaptive, bio-oriented technologies for managing the soil microbiome is perspective for enhancing the resilience of agrocenoses to climatic stresses.