EXOGENOUS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 AND THEIR SYNTHESIS WHILE INTRODUCTION OF MICROMYCETES INTO COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE
Objective. To study the possibility of production of physiologically active substances by the as-sociation of micromycetes Trichoderma harzianum 128, which is used for enrichment composted substrates based on chicken litter. Methods. Microbiological, physiological, accumulative thin lay-er chromatog...
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| Дата: | 2019 |
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Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine
2019
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Agriciltural microbiology| _version_ | 1871465514541252608 |
|---|---|
| author | Derkach, S. М. Volkohon, V. V. Horban, V. P. |
| author_facet | Derkach, S. М. Volkohon, V. V. Horban, V. P. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "S. М. Derkach",
"institution": "Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Manufacture, NAAS"
},
{
"author": "V. V. Volkohon",
"institution": "Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Manufacture, NAAS"
},
{
"author": "V. P. Horban",
"institution": "Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Manufacture, NAAS"
}
] |
| author_sort | Derkach, S. М. |
| baseUrl_str | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T10:10:40Z |
| description | Objective. To study the possibility of production of physiologically active substances by the as-sociation of micromycetes Trichoderma harzianum 128, which is used for enrichment composted substrates based on chicken litter. Methods. Microbiological, physiological, accumulative thin lay-er chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC / MS). Results. T. harzianum 128 produces a significant amount of physiologically active growth stimulanting substances. Soak-ing of corn seeds in the culture liquid of micromycetes association, diluted with water in 100– 10,000 times, provides a reliable growth stimulation of seedlings and indicates the absence of phy-totoxicity in microorganisms. The instrumental determination of the content of exogenous phyto-hormones in pre-purified and concentrated phytohormonal extracts shows a significant amount of auxins in a culture fluid — their total amount reaches 18.33 μg/g of dry biomass of the producer, and of cytokinins, in particular, isopentenylidenidine (5.6 μg/g of dry biomass) and zeatin (0.88 μg/g dry biomass). Association T. harzianum 128 in small quantities produces gibberellic acids — GK3 (0.34 μg/g dry biomass) and GK4 — 0.23 μg/g of dry biomass). Absorbent acid was also found in the culture fluid (5.3 μg/g dry biomass), but its amount is four times less than the cor-responding measures in the known strain T. viride F100001, which was used as a positive control in the studies. While the introduction of association T. harzianum 128 into the composted chicken litter substrate, the obtained compost shows high auxin and cytokinin activity. Conclusion. Phyto-hormones, which are produced by the micromycetes association of T. harzianum 128, can positively influence the growth and development of plants, play a protective role in adverse environmental conditions. After introduction of the investigated fungi association to a composted substrate on the basis of chicken litter it accumulates significant amounts of physiologically active substances of auxin and cytokinin action. Under these conditions compost acquires new qualitative features. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.35868/1997-3004.29.37-45 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:23:42Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
37
Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2019. Вип. 29. С. 37–45.
ISSN 1997-3004
https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.29.37-45
UDC 579.22: 631.147:631.461
EXOGENOUS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 AND THEIR SYNTHESIS
WHILE INTRODUCTION OF MICROMYCETES INTO
COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE
S. М. Derkach, V. V. Volkohon, V. P. Horban
Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Manufacture, NAAS
97 Shevchenka str., Chernihiv, 14035; Ukraine; e-mail: volkogon@ukr.net
Objective. To study the possibility of production of physiologically active substances by the as-
sociation of micromycetes Trichoderma harzianum 128, which is used for enrichment composted
substrates based on chicken litter. Methods. Microbiological, physiological, accumulative thin lay-
er chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC / MS). Results. T. harzianum
128 produces a significant amount of physiologically active growth stimulanting substances. Soak-
ing of corn seeds in the culture liquid of micromycetes association, diluted with water in 100–
10,000 times, provides a reliable growth stimulation of seedlings and indicates the absence of phy-
totoxicity in microorganisms. The instrumental determination of the content of exogenous phyto-
hormones in pre-purified and concentrated phytohormonal extracts shows a significant amount of
auxins in a culture fluid — their total amount reaches 18.33 μg/g of dry biomass of the producer,
and of cytokinins, in particular, isopentenylidenidine (5.6 μg/g of dry biomass) and zeatin
(0.88 μg/g dry biomass). Association T. harzianum 128 in small quantities produces gibberellic
acids — GK3 (0.34 μg/g dry biomass) and GK4 — 0.23 μg/g of dry biomass). Absorbent acid was
also found in the culture fluid (5.3 μg/g dry biomass), but its amount is four times less than the cor-
responding measures in the known strain T. viride F100001, which was used as a positive control
in the studies. While the introduction of association T. harzianum 128 into the composted chicken
litter substrate, the obtained compost shows high auxin and cytokinin activity. Conclusion. Phyto-
hormones, which are produced by the micromycetes association of T. harzianum 128, can positively
influence the growth and development of plants, play a protective role in adverse environmental
conditions. After introduction of the investigated fungi association to a composted substrate on the
basis of chicken litter it accumulates significant amounts of physiologically active substances of
auxin and cytokinin action. Under these conditions compost acquires new qualitative features.
Key words: Trichoderma harzianum, physiologically active substances, phytohormones, aux-
ins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, composts.
Introduction. Since in the majority of cas-
es the quality and safety of composts for agri-
cultural production is determined by the domi-
nant microbiota, solving the problem of biocon-
version of such organic matter as poultry
manure is possible by controlling the status of
microbial populations during its fermentation. A
promising technique may also be the introduc-
tion of bacteria and micromycetes to the sub-
strate that can accelerate the composting pro-
cess, as well as representatives of microbiota
beneficial for plant development. This method
can not only ensure the waste disposal, but also
obtaining efficient and safe bio-organic fertiliz-
ers, enriched with beneficial microorganisms
and physiologically active substances.
Analysis of recent studies and publica-
tions. The possibility of enrichment of com-
posted substrates with microorganisms has been
investigated in many scientific centres. Thus, in
particular, there were developed composting
technologies that include fermentation of organ-
ic matter via preliminary heating of the raw ma-
terial up to 80 °C followed by its mixing with
© S. М. Derkach, V. V. Volkohon, V. P. Horban, 2019
38
bacterial culture [1; 2]. In addition to technolo-
gies based on the heating of the substrate, there
are methods of poultry manure composting un-
der introduction of Klebsiella sp., Bacillus sp.,
Pseudomonas sp. [3] and other microorganisms
to the substrate [4–6].
We believe that the search for microorgan-
isms-biological agents in the processes of com-
posting of organic matter should take into ac-
count not only their ability to develop in the
substrate and the active mineralization of cellu-
lose, but also the ability to produce physiologi-
cally active compounds. Under this condition,
the resulting compost may have a number of ag-
ronomically valuable properties, including
growth-stimulating activity [7]. This is also con-
firmed by other researchers [8]. Among the mi-
croorganisms which exhibit a complex of fea-
tures important for composting, micromycetes
of the genus Trichoderma are promising. Some
of their representatives, in addition to celluloso-
lytic ability, exhibit antibiotic activity and pro-
duce other physiologically active substances [6;
8; 9]. Organic composting technologies have
been developed using these microorganisms
[6; 10].
Due to the above, the objective of our stud-
ies is to determine the ability of the association
of micromycetes Trichoderma harzianum 128
to produce physiologically active substances,
which is characterized by high mineralization
activity of organic matter while its composting
[11].
Materials and methods. The object of the
study was the natural association of Trichoder-
ma harzianum 128, comprising two strains:
T. harzianum 128/1 and T. harzianum 128/2 [12].
The cultivation of the association was per-
formed by deep method in the periodic culture
in glass bottles on a suspended microbiological
shaker at the rate of 220 rpm and a temperature
of 26±1 °С. The soybean medium [13] and the
Roland-Tom mineral medium [14] were used.
Duration of cultivation was 10 days. The titre of
micromycetes after fermentation was (5–6) ×
× 106 CFU in 1 mL.
As a positive control while determining
qualitative and quantitative content of phyto-
hormones we used the known strain T. viride
PersF100001 (biological agent of the biological
preparation Trichodermine), kindly provided by
the Depository of Microorganisms at D. K. Za-
bolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology
of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine.
In order to determine the biomass of the
micromycetes, the spore-mycelium suspension
was centrifuged for 20 min at 9,000 rpm. The
precipitate was washed from the exopolymer
residues with physiological solution three times
and centrifuged each time under the same condi-
tions, then dried to a constant weight in a drying
oven at 100 °C. The precipitate weight was de-
termined by gravimetric method. The superna-
tant was used to investigate the effect on growth
of corn sprouts [14] and to determine the con-
tent of exogenous phytohormonal compounds.
Extracellular auxins, cytokinins, gibberel-
lins and abscisic acid (ABA) were isolated from
the supernatants of the cultural fluids of the mi-
croorganisms via extraction with the following
solvents: ethyl acetate (auxins, ABA), pH —
3.0; ethyl acetate (gibberellins), pH — 2.5; n-
butanol (cytokinins), pH — 8.0 [15; 16]. The
extracts were evaporated under vacuum at 40–
45 °C. The dry residue was re-dissolved in 80 %
ethanol and transferred to the micro-test tubes.
The obtained extracts were stored at –24 °C and
used for cumulative thin-layer chromatography
followed by qualitative and quantitative deter-
mination of phytohormones by high-performan-
ce liquid chromatography (HPLC/MS).
Preliminary purification and concentration
of phytohormonal extracts (cumulative thin-
layer chromatography) was performed on silica
gel plates Silufol UV254 (Chemapol, Czech
Republic) in a mixture of solvents used sequen-
tially: chloroform, 12.5 % aqueous ammonia,
ethyl acetate : acetic acid (20 : 1). The phyto-
hormonal extracts of auxins, cytokinins, gibber-
ellins and abscisic acid thus purified were ana-
lyzed by high-performance liquid chromatog-
raphy (HPLC/MS).
HPLC/MS analysis of phytohormonal ex-
tracts of strains of soil microorganisms was per-
formed at the Center for Collective Use at
D. K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and
Virology of the National Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine.
For the comparison we used the standard
synthetic phytohormones Sigma (Germany) and
Acros Organic (Belgium):
– auxins:
indole-3-acetic acid;
indole-3-carboxaldehyde;
indole-3-carbinol;
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2019. Вип. 29.
39
indole-3-carboxylic acid;
indole-3-acetic acid hydrazide;
indole-3-butyric acid;
– abscisic acid:
abscisic acid;
– cytokines:
zeatin;
trans-Zeatin-riboside;
kinetin;
N 6 -(2-Isopentenyl)adenine;
N 6 -(2-Isopentenyl)adenosine;
– gibberellins:
gibberellic acids (GA3, GA4 and GA7).
The qualitative and quantitative determina-
tion of auxins and abscisic acid (ABA) was per-
formed by high-performance liquid chromatog-
raphy (HPLC) using Agilent 1200 liquid chro-
matograph (Agilent Technologies, USA). We
used Methanol (A) and 1 % acetic acid solution
in water (B) as the mobile phase. Separation
was performed on Zorbax SB-C18 chromato-
graphic column (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 3 μm) (Ag-
ilent Technologies, USA), column flow rate was
0.25 mL/min, thermostat temperature — 30 °C,
injection volume — 2 μL. Elution was per-
formed in gradient mode: 0 min — A (30 %) :
: B (70 %); 25 min — A (30 %) : B (70 %);
35 min — A (100 %) : B (0 %).
Compounds were detected using a diode ar-
ray detector with signal recording at 254 and
280 nm and absorption spectra fixation in the
range of 191–700 nm. Agilent G1956B mass
spectrometric detector (Agilent Technologies,
USA) was used to determine the molecular
weights of the tested pigments. Ionization was
performed in ESI and APCI mode with positive
ion fixation in SCAN mode in the range of 100–
1,200 m/z. Calibration was performed using
standard auxin solutions and ABA.
Qualitative and quantitative determination
of cytokinins was performed by high-perfor-
mance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using
Agilent 1200 liquid chromatograph (Agilent
Technologies, USA). Methanol (A) and 0.1 %
formic acid solution in water (B) was used as
the mobile phase. Separation was performed
on Zorbax SB-C18 chromatographic column
(2.1 mm × 150 mm, 3 μm) (Agilent Technolo-
gies, USA), column flow rate was 0.25 mL/min,
thermostat temperature — 30 °C, injection vol-
ume — 2 μL. Elution was performed in gradient
mode: 0 min — A (20 %) : B (80 %); 25 min —
A (70 %) : B (30 %); 35 min — A (100 %) :
: B (0 %).
Compounds were detected using a diode ar-
ray detector with signal recording at 254 and
280 nm and absorption spectra fixation in the
range of 191–700 nm. Agilent G1956B mass
spectrometric detector (Agilent Technologies,
USA) was used to determine the molecular
weights of the tested phytohormones. Ionization
was performed in ESI and APCI mode with pos-
itive ion fixation in SCAN mode in the range of
100–1,200 m/z. Calibration was performed us-
ing standard cytokinin solutions.
The qualitative and quantitative determina-
tion of gibberellins was performed by high-
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) us-
ing Agilent 1200 liquid chromatograph (Agilent
Technologies, USA) and Agilent G1956B mass
spectrometric detector. Separation was per-
formed on Zorbax SBC18 column (2.1 mm ×
× 150 mm, 3 μm) (Agilent Technologies, USA),
the flow rate of the mobile phase through the
column was 0.35 mL/min, temperature of the
column thermostat was 30 °C, injection volu-
me — 3 μL. The elution was carried out in ace-
tonitrile (A)/water + formic acid (B) system in
gradient mode: 20 % of A was kept for 5 min,
then changed A content by gradient from 20 to
80 % for 10 min with a subsequent increase of
A to 100 % for 0.5 minutes This ratio was kept
for the next 8.5 min.
The detection of gibberellins was carried
out using a diode-matrix detector with signal re-
cording at 198 and 210 nm. Mass spectrometric
analysis was performed with the registration of
positive and negative ions in the ratio m/z
(mass-charge) in the range of 190–400 nm. The
fluorescence detector was used at 210 nm in ex-
tinction mode and at 410 nm in emission mode.
The molecular weights of the studied gib-
berellins were determined using a single-quad-
rupole mass spectrometric detector. Ionization
was performed in electrostatic spraying (ESI)
mode with the formation of negative ions. Ion
detection was performed in SCAN and SIM (se-
lected ion monitoring) modes in the range of
200÷500 m/z. GA3, GA4 and GA7 were deter-
mined by comparing the retention time, molecu-
lar weights of the ions, and the spectral charac-
teristics of the obtained peaks. The quantitative
content of GA3, GA4 and GA7 was determined
by the external calibration method by 345, 331
and 329 m/z ions using SIM mode.
The obtained parameters of phytohormone
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2019. Вип. 29.
40
content were calculated per 1 g of dry biomass
of association of fungi T. harzianum 128 and
T. viride F100001.
Model experiments on composting poultry
manure-based organic substrate were performed
in plastic containers, where 5 kg of poultry ma-
nure with a humidity of 60–70 % was intro-
duced. In order to optimize the C : N ratio at the
level of 20 : 1, milled straw in the amount of
0.7 kg and peat — 1.9 kg were added to the ma-
nure. A suspension of T. harzianum 128 in the
corresponding variant was added to the com-
posted substrate 40 days after the start of com-
posting at the rate of 128 thous CFU/g of dry
substrate. The duration of composting was
7 months. Repetition of the experiment is quad-
ruple.
The resulting composts were soaked in tap
water in a ration of 1 : 16 for 1 hour, then fil-
tered through a folded paper filter. The presence
of phytohormones was studied in aqueous ex-
tracts of compost using biotests [15].
Statistical processing of data was performed
using a software program (Microsoft Office
Excel).
Results and discussion. An important fea-
ture of agronomically valuable microorganisms
is lack of their phytotoxicity. Bacterial or fungal
cultures are considered toxic, when causing a
decrease in seed germination of the test culture
or inhibition of growth of sprouts and roots by
not less than 30 % compared to control [14].
According to the results obtained, native cultur-
al fluid (CF) inhibits the development of corn
roots (Table 1).
At the same time, dilution of CF with water
promotes root development compared to the
control variant (soaking seeds in water). In this
case, the effect of CF on root growth is parabol-
ic, which is typical for the action of phytohor-
mones and synthetic stimulants of plant growth
and development. The greatest increase in root
length was observed during the dilution of CF in
the ratio of 1 : 1,000. The results obtained indi-
cate that the studied association of micromy-
cetes has no phytotoxic properties. Furthermore,
fungal CF has a growth-stimulating effect.
Determination of phytohormones in the cul-
tural fluid of micromycetes shows the ability of
microorganisms to synthesize these physiologi-
cally active substances. Thus, T. harzianum 128
association produces a significant amount of
auxins (in total, the amount of indolyl-3-acetic
Table 1. Results of determination of phyto-
toxicity of T. harzianum 128 fungal associa-
tion
Variants of experiment Length of
the root, cm Af, %
Control (soaking seeds
in water) 2.69 –
Soaking seeds in the
digest medium 2.73 –
Soaking seeds in CF of T. harzianum 128
diluted with water:
Native CF 2.52 10.0
CF, 1 : 10 2.75 –3.5
CF, 1 : 100 2.91 –13.0
CF, 1 : 1,000 3.14 –26.7
CF, 1 : 10,000 2.85 –9.5
CF, 1 : 100,000 2.73 –2.3
НІР05 0.03
acid, indole-3-acetic acid hydrazide, indole-3-
carboxylic acid, indole-3-carbinol is 13.5-fold
higher compared the appropriate parameter in
T. viride F100001) (Table 2). Auxins are known
to be responsible for the correction of a number
of processes in the plant organism, the best
known of which is rhizogenesis [17]. Further-
more, indole-3-acetic acid hydrazide is able to
inhibit the development of phytopathogenic
fungi and bacteria [18]. Therefore, we can ex-
pect complex effect of biocompost, obtained
upon introduction of T. harzianum 128 to the
substrate, on the growth and development of
crop plants when used in crop cultivation tech-
nologies.
It has been established that the studied as-
sociation of micromycetes is capable of synthe-
sis of isopentenyl-adenine. This substance be-
longing to the class of cytokinins, is able to
stimulate the synthesis of chlorophyll in plants,
and therefore can potentially positively affect
the process of photosynthesis [19]. Zeatin was
found to be much less in the CF — at the level
of 0.88 µg/g of dry matter of the producer (Tab-
le 3). The production of cytokinins by T. har-
zianum 128 is inferior to positive control.
The association of T. harzianum 128 was
found to produce gibberellic acids — GA3
(0.34 µg/g of dry matter) and GA4 — 0.23 µg/g
of dry matter in small quantities (Table 4).
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2019. Вип. 29.
41
Table 2. Content of extracellular auxins in cultural fluid of micromycetes
Variants of experiment
Content of phytohormones, µg/g of producer dry matter
1IAA 2IAA-hydr. 3ICA 4ICal 5IC total
Control
(soybean digest medium) 0.09 – 0.33 0.16 – 0.58
T. viride F100001
(soybean digest medium) 1.02 – – – 0.34 1.36
T. harzianum 128
(soybean digest medium) 0.89 16.3 0.63 – 0.51 18.33
T. harzianum 128
(Roland-Tom digest medium) – – 0.40 – – 0.40
Notes: here and in Table 3–5, errors of the arithmetic mean are not provided due to their small values (at
the level of ±0.0001–0.0002);
1IAA — indole-3-acetic acid;
2IAA-hydr.— indole-3-acetic acid hydrazide;
3ICA — indole-3-carboxylic acid;
4ICal — indole-3-carboxaldehyde;
5IC — indole-3-carbinol.
Table 3. Content of cytokines in the cultural fluid of micromycetes
Variants of experiment Zeatin Zeatin-
riboside Kinetin Isopentenyl-
adenine
Isopentenyl-
adenosine
Control
(soybean digest medium) – – – – –
T. viride F100001
(soybean digest medium) – – – 14.2 –
T. harzianum 128
(soybean digest medium) 0.88 – – 5.6 –
T. harzianum 128
(Roland-Tom digest medium) – – – – –
Table 4. Activity of production of exoge-
nous gibberellins by micromycetes
Variants of experiment
Gibber-
ellic acid
(GA3)
Gibberel-
lic acid
(GA4)
Control
(soybean digest medium) 0.02 0.36
T. viride F100001
(soybean digest medium) 0.07 0.38
T. harzianum 128
(soybean digest medium) 0.34 0.23
T. harzianum 128 (Ro-
land-Tom digest medium) Traces 0.17
T. harzianum 128 micromycetes association
is capable of synthesis of abscisic acid (Table 5).
The production of this phytohormone is several
times less than that of T. viride F100001. It is
known that a high content of abscisic acid can
inhibit plant growth and development, at the
same time it is a known anti-stress substance
and its presence in the cultural fluid may indi-
cate the ability to initiate plant resistance to
stress conditions using T. harzianum 128-enri-
ched compost.
Phytohormones produced by T. harzianum
128 association can potentially have a positive
effect on plant growth and development, and
play a protective role under adverse environ-
mental conditions. The ability of T. harzianum
128 association to produce phytohormones may
indirectly indicate the possibility of enrichment
of the composted substrate by phytohormones,
which will positively affect the quality of the
finished compost.
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2019. Вип. 29.
42
Table 5. Production of abscisic acid by
micromycetes
Variants of experiment Abscisic acid,
µg/g dry matter
Control
(soybean digest medium) 0.37
T. viride F100001
(soybean digest medium) 24.0
T. harzianum 128
(soybean digest medium) 5.30
T. harzianum 128
(Roland-Tom digest medium) –
In this regard, it is necessary to determine
their content in compost obtained from
T. harzianum 128. However, the instrumental
determination of the quantitative composition of
phytohormones in compost has significant
methodological difficulties. This is primarily
due to the high content of humic compound in
substrate capable of masking and distorting re-
sults. These circumstances led to further re-
search on the use of specific biotests [15].
The obtained results of biotesting indicate
the presence of a large number of auxins in the
compost obtained under exposure to T. harzi-
anum 128 selected association. When treating
wheat coleoptiles with biocompost extract at a
dilution of 1 : 16, 27 % increment in their length
is observed relative to control (water treatment)
(Table 6).
Table 6. Results of auxin biotest in wheat
colleoptiles
Variant of experiment Wheat colleoptiles
increment, %
Control (water) –
IAA 10–5 М 22.0
Compost obtained without
microorganism introduction 8.5
Compost with
T. harzianum 128 27.0
Note: aqueous extract of composts was obtained
at water ratio of 1 : 16.
The presence of cytokinins in biocompost
was determined by cytokinin biotest on cucum-
ber cotyledons. The results obtained indicate
that the weight of the cotyledons increased by
120 % when treated with compost extract ex-
posed to T. harzianum 128 relative to the con-
trol (Table 7).
Table 7. Results of cytokine biotest in cu-
cumber cotyledons
Variants of experiment
Increment in
cucumber cotyle-
don weight, %
Control (water) –
BAP 10–4 М 196.3
Compost obtained without
microorganism introduction 74.0
Compost with
T. harzianum 128 120.1
Note: aqueous extract of composts was obtained
at water ratio of 1 : 16.
It should be noted that compost obtained
without the introduction of micromycetes is sig-
nificantly inferior to experimental compost in
terms of both auxins and cytokinins.
The results of gibberellin biotest on corn
mesocotyles showed that gibberellins in com-
post are present in small quantities. This corre-
lates with data on the content of exogenous gib-
berellins in T. harzianum 128 cultural fluid.
Thus, the results of biotests demonstrate
that the introduction of T. harzianum 128 to
compost contributes to the accumulation of phy-
tohormones of the auxin and cytokinin nature.
Conclusion. T. harzianum 128 micromy-
cetes association is capable of synthesizing ex-
ogenous phytohormones, which can have a posi-
tive effect on plant growth and development,
and play a protective role under adverse envi-
ronmental conditions. Upon the introduction of
the studied fungi association to the composted
substrate, compost accumulates significant
amounts of physiologically active substances,
which indicates the achievement of new, posi-
tive features for optimization of the production
process of crops by biofertilizer.
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3(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2017.07.003
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(2015). Trichoderma harzianum T-78 supplementa-
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Received 22.05.2019
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44
https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.29.37-45
УДК 579.22: 631.147:631.461
ЕКЗОГЕННІ ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНО АКТИВНІ РЕЧОВИНИ
TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 ТА ЇХ СИНТЕЗ ЗА ІНТРОДУКЦІЇ
МІКРОМІЦЕТІВ ДО КОМПОСТОВАНОГО СУБСТРАТУ
С. М. Деркач, В. В. Волкогон, В. П. Горбань
Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН, м. Чернігів
e-mail: volkogon@ukr.net
Мета. Дослідити можливість продукування фізіологічно активних речовин асоціацією
мікроміцетів Trichoderma harzianum 128, яка використовується для збагачення компосто-
ваних субстратів на основі курячого посліду. Методи. Мікробіологічні, фізіологічні, нако-
пичувальної тонкошарової хроматографії, високоефективної рідинної хроматографії
(HPLC/MS). Результати. T. harzianum 128 продукує значну кількість фізіологічно активних
рістстимулювальних речовин. Замочування насіння кукурудзи у культуральній рідині асоціа-
ції мікроміцетів, розбавленій водою у 100–10 000 разів, забезпечує достовірне стимулювання
росту проростків і свідчить про відсутність фітотоксичності у мікроорганізмів. Інстру-
ментальне визначення вмісту екзогенних фітогормонів у попередньо очищених і сконцент-
рованих фітогормональних екстрактах свідчить про значну кількість ауксинів у культура-
льній рідині — їх сумарна кількість сягає 18,33 мкг/г сухої біомаси продуцента — та цито-
кінінів, зокрема, ізопентеніладеніну (5,6 мкг/г сухої біомаси) і зеатину (0,88 мкг/г сухої
біомаси). Асоціація T. harzianum 128 у незначних кількостях продукує гіберелові кислоти —
ГК3 (0,34 мкг/г сухої біомаси) і ГК4 — 0,23 мкг/г сухої біомаси). У культуральній рідині та-
кож виявлено абсцизову кислоту (5,3 мкг/г сухої біомаси), проте її кількість у чотири рази
менша за відповідний показник у відомого штаму T. viride F100001, який використовували в
дослідженнях як позитивний контроль. За інтродукції до компостованого субстрату на ос-
нові курячого посліду асоціації T. harzianum 128 отриманий компост проявляє високу аукси-
нову та цитокінінову активність. Висновки. Фітогормони, що продукує асоціація мікромі-
цетів T. harzianum 128, можуть позитивно впливати на ріст і розвиток рослин, відігравати
захисну роль за несприятливих умов навколишнього середовища. За інтродукції досліджува-
ної асоціації грибів до компостованого субстрату на основі курячого посліду у ньому нако-
пичуються значні кількості фізіологічно активних речовин ауксинової та цитокінінової дії.
За цих умов компост набуває нових якісних ознак.
Ключові слова: Trichoderma harzianum, фізіологічно активні речовини, фітогормони,
ауксини, цитокініни, гіббереліни, абсцизова кислота, компости.
ЦИТОВАНА ЛІТЕРАТУРА
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Российская Федерация. МПК С05F3/00, C05F11/10,
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тообладатели: В. В. Мохов, Е. В. Фомичёва.
№2007144781/12; заявл: 03.12.2007; опубл.
10.07.2009, Бюл. № 11.
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ция. МПК C12N1/20, CO5F11/08, Е. М. Кулагина,
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3. Биокомпост: пат. 2057103 Российская Фе-
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4. Способ микробиологической переработки
птичьего помета: пат. 2437864 Российская Феде-
рация. МПК C05F11/08, C05F3/00, A01C3/00,
В. И. Дмитриев, И. В. Мартынова, Л. И. Кочкина;
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биотех». № 2010133029/13; заявл. 05.08.2010;
опубл. 27.12.2011, Бюл. № 36.
5. Способ микробиологической переработки
птичьего помета: пат. 2522523 Российская Фе-
дерация. МПК C05F11/08, М. Я. Тремасов,
Л. Е. Матросова, А. А. Иванов, В. Ю. Титова,
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заявитель и патентообладатель: ФГБУ «ФЦТРБ–
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ВНИВИ». № 2013101084; заявл. 09.01.2013;
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jsfa.6936
10. Біоорганічне добриво: пат. 113809 Укра-
їна. МПК C05F15/00, C05F11/02, C05F11/08,
C05F17/00, C12R1/885, В. В. Волкогон, С. М. Дер-
кач, С. Б. Дімова, М. В. М’ягка, Л. Т. Наконечна,
Н. В. Луценко; заявник і патентовласник: Інститут
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Отримано 22.05.2019
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2019. Вип. 29.
|
| id | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-59 |
| institution | Agriciltural microbiology |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:03:15Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | smicinua/f3/969f53c94801e2c6167c7033fd4edef3.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-592026-07-22T10:10:40Z EXOGENOUS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 AND THEIR SYNTHESIS WHILE INTRODUCTION OF MICROMYCETES INTO COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE EXOGENOUS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 AND THEIR SYNTHESIS WHILE INTRODUCTION OF MICROMYCETES INTO COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE Derkach, S. М. Volkohon, V. V. Horban, V. P. Trichoderma harzianum physiologically active substances phytohormones aux-ins cytokinins gibberellins abscisic acid composts Trichoderma harzianum physiologically active substances phytohormones aux¬ins cytokinins gibberellins abscisic acid composts Objective. To study the possibility of production of physiologically active substances by the as-sociation of micromycetes Trichoderma harzianum 128, which is used for enrichment composted substrates based on chicken litter. Methods. Microbiological, physiological, accumulative thin lay-er chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC / MS). Results. T. harzianum 128 produces a significant amount of physiologically active growth stimulanting substances. Soak-ing of corn seeds in the culture liquid of micromycetes association, diluted with water in 100– 10,000 times, provides a reliable growth stimulation of seedlings and indicates the absence of phy-totoxicity in microorganisms. The instrumental determination of the content of exogenous phyto-hormones in pre-purified and concentrated phytohormonal extracts shows a significant amount of auxins in a culture fluid — their total amount reaches 18.33 μg/g of dry biomass of the producer, and of cytokinins, in particular, isopentenylidenidine (5.6 μg/g of dry biomass) and zeatin (0.88 μg/g dry biomass). Association T. harzianum 128 in small quantities produces gibberellic acids — GK3 (0.34 μg/g dry biomass) and GK4 — 0.23 μg/g of dry biomass). Absorbent acid was also found in the culture fluid (5.3 μg/g dry biomass), but its amount is four times less than the cor-responding measures in the known strain T. viride F100001, which was used as a positive control in the studies. While the introduction of association T. harzianum 128 into the composted chicken litter substrate, the obtained compost shows high auxin and cytokinin activity. Conclusion. Phyto-hormones, which are produced by the micromycetes association of T. harzianum 128, can positively influence the growth and development of plants, play a protective role in adverse environmental conditions. After introduction of the investigated fungi association to a composted substrate on the basis of chicken litter it accumulates significant amounts of physiologically active substances of auxin and cytokinin action. Under these conditions compost acquires new qualitative features. Objective. To study the possibility of production of physiologically active substances by the as-sociation of micromycetes Trichoderma harzianum 128, which is used for enrichment composted substrates based on chicken litter. Methods. Microbiological, physiological, accumulative thin lay-er chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC / MS). Results. T. harzianum 128 produces a significant amount of physiologically active growth stimulanting substances. Soak-ing of corn seeds in the culture liquid of micromycetes association, diluted with water in 100– 10,000 times, provides a reliable growth stimulation of seedlings and indicates the absence of phy-totoxicity in microorganisms. The instrumental determination of the content of exogenous phyto-hormones in pre-purified and concentrated phytohormonal extracts shows a significant amount of auxins in a culture fluid — their total amount reaches 18.33 μg/g of dry biomass of the producer, and of cytokinins, in particular, isopentenylidenidine (5.6 μg/g of dry biomass) and zeatin (0.88 μg/g dry biomass). Association T. harzianum 128 in small quantities produces gibberellic acids — GK3 (0.34 μg/g dry biomass) and GK4 — 0.23 μg/g of dry biomass). Absorbent acid was also found in the culture fluid (5.3 μg/g dry biomass), but its amount is four times less than the cor-responding measures in the known strain T. viride F100001, which was used as a positive control in the studies. While the introduction of association T. harzianum 128 into the composted chicken litter substrate, the obtained compost shows high auxin and cytokinin activity. Conclusion. Phyto-hormones, which are produced by the micromycetes association of T. harzianum 128, can positively influence the growth and development of plants, play a protective role in adverse environmental conditions. After introduction of the investigated fungi association to a composted substrate on the basis of chicken litter it accumulates significant amounts of physiologically active substances of auxin and cytokinin action. Under these conditions compost acquires new qualitative features. Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2019-10-17 Article Article Рецензована Стаття application/pdf https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/59 10.35868/1997-3004.29.37-45 Agricultural microbiology; Vol. 29 (2019): Agriciltural microbiology; 37-45 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; Том 29 (2019): Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; 37-45 1997-3004 10.35868/1997-3004.29 en https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/59/51 Авторське право (c) 2019 S. М. Derkach, V. V. Volkohon, V. P. Horban https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Trichoderma harzianum physiologically active substances phytohormones aux¬ins cytokinins gibberellins abscisic acid composts Derkach, S. М. Volkohon, V. V. Horban, V. P. EXOGENOUS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 AND THEIR SYNTHESIS WHILE INTRODUCTION OF MICROMYCETES INTO COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE |
| title | EXOGENOUS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 AND THEIR SYNTHESIS WHILE INTRODUCTION OF MICROMYCETES INTO COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE |
| title_alt | EXOGENOUS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 AND THEIR SYNTHESIS WHILE INTRODUCTION OF MICROMYCETES INTO COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE |
| title_full | EXOGENOUS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 AND THEIR SYNTHESIS WHILE INTRODUCTION OF MICROMYCETES INTO COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE |
| title_fullStr | EXOGENOUS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 AND THEIR SYNTHESIS WHILE INTRODUCTION OF MICROMYCETES INTO COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE |
| title_full_unstemmed | EXOGENOUS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 AND THEIR SYNTHESIS WHILE INTRODUCTION OF MICROMYCETES INTO COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE |
| title_short | EXOGENOUS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 AND THEIR SYNTHESIS WHILE INTRODUCTION OF MICROMYCETES INTO COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE |
| title_sort | exogenous physiologically active substances of trichoderma harzianum 128 and their synthesis while introduction of micromycetes into composted substrate |
| topic | Trichoderma harzianum physiologically active substances phytohormones aux¬ins cytokinins gibberellins abscisic acid composts |
| topic_facet | Trichoderma harzianum physiologically active substances phytohormones aux-ins cytokinins gibberellins abscisic acid composts Trichoderma harzianum physiologically active substances phytohormones aux¬ins cytokinins gibberellins abscisic acid composts |
| url | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/59 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT derkachsm exogenousphysiologicallyactivesubstancesoftrichodermaharzianum128andtheirsynthesiswhileintroductionofmicromycetesintocompostedsubstrate AT volkohonvv exogenousphysiologicallyactivesubstancesoftrichodermaharzianum128andtheirsynthesiswhileintroductionofmicromycetesintocompostedsubstrate AT horbanvp exogenousphysiologicallyactivesubstancesoftrichodermaharzianum128andtheirsynthesiswhileintroductionofmicromycetesintocompostedsubstrate |