ПОШИРЕННЯ ВІРУСНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ КАРТОПЛІ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ КАРПАТСЬКОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РАЙОНУ

• Дата: 2019
• Автори: Решотько, Л. М., Дмитрук, О. О., Волкова, І. В.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2019
• Теми: phytovirological monitoring; potato viruses; potato viral diseases; фітовірусологічний моніторинг; віруси картоплі; вірусні хвороби картоплі
• Онлайн доступ: https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/73
• Назва журналу: Agriciltural microbiology

Objective. Determine the phytovirological condition of potato crops in the agrocenosis of Carpathian economic area on the basis of obtaining and systematisation of data on the composition of the viral population. Methods. The methods of visual and serological diagnostics, electronic microscopy (EM) of native specimens, biotesting were used to detect and identify potato viruses. For carrying out serological analyses, antisera were used to detect potato viruses obtained in the Virology Laboratory of the Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Manufacture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Results. The high level of contamination of potato plants by viral diseases was shown in western Ukraine in the Carpathian economic are, which includes the Region of Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi. According to the results of immunological studies in plants of examined varieties of potatoes of Ukrainian and foreign breeding, M-, S-, Y-potato viruses were identified, both as mono-infection and in the composition of pathogenic complexes. It was found that the spread of viral infection in potato varieties reaches 25-100%, latent damage to plants — 53%. The results of field testing show a high degree of contamination of potato crops and a change in the species composition of viral pathogens. In 2019, 68.7% of the selected plant material was identified as contaminated by MPV, 50% — by YPV and 40.6% — by SPV. No X- and A-viruses of potato previously diagnosed in potato agrocenoses were detected. Analysis of varietal samples revealed viruses in plants of 87.5% of varieties: in most samples the M-virus of potatoes was detected both with manifestation of twisting, wrinkling of leaves, weak mosaic in pathogenic complexes (MPV + SPV — 15.6%; MPV + YPV — 15.6%; MPV + SPV + YPV) and in case of latent infection (37.5%). Y potato virus was found in plants 50.0% for the manifestation of mosaic in the pathogenic complexes MPV + YPV — 15.6%; SPV + YPV — 6.2%; MPV + SPV + YPV — 18.7% and monoinfection — 9.37%. Conclusion. The spread of potato viral diseases in the agrocenoses of western Ukraine necessitates the careful protection and constant phytovirological control of seed material, detection of viral pathologies, identification of their pathogens using laboratory methods and modern diagnostic means.