АНТАГОНІСТИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ НОВОГО ШТАМУ TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА УГРУПОВАННЯ МІКРОМІЦЕТІВ КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН КУКУРУДЗИ
Goal. To investigate the antagonistic activity of a new strain of Trichoderma viride F-100076and its effect on the formation of micromycetes populations in the root zone of corn plants underfield conditions. Methods. The antagonistic activity of T. viride F-100076 was studied by the method of mixed...
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Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine
2020
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Agriciltural microbiology| _version_ | 1871465559441276928 |
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| author | Копилов, Є. П. Павленко, А. А. Цехмістер, Г. В. Кислинська, А. С. |
| author_facet | Копилов, Є. П. Павленко, А. А. Цехмістер, Г. В. Кислинська, А. С. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Є. П. Копилов",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "А. А. Павленко",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "Г. В. Цехмістер",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "А. С. Кислинська",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
}
] |
| author_sort | Копилов, Є. П. |
| baseUrl_str | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T10:10:41Z |
| description | Goal. To investigate the antagonistic activity of a new strain of Trichoderma viride F-100076and its effect on the formation of micromycetes populations in the root zone of corn plants underfield conditions. Methods. The antagonistic activity of T. viride F-100076 was studied by the method of mixed (counter) cultures on wort agar using phytopathogenic fungi, which were isolated andidentified in the Laboratory of Plant-Microbial Interactions. The appearance and type of relationship were registered using a scale modified by Symonian and Mamikonian. The number of micromycetes was determined by the method of soil dilutions. Isolation, accounting and cultivation of fungiwas carried out according to conventional methods. Micromycetes were identified according to thedeterminants appropriate for a specific systematic group of micromycetes. Results. It was foundthat T. viride IMB F-100076 is characterized by high antagonistic activity against a wide range ofphytopathogenic fungi, showing hyperparasitism as early as on the eighth day. The highest antagonistic activity of the strain was found against: Alternaria radicina, Acremonium strictum, Acremonium сucurbitacearum, Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras, Fusarium moniliforme var. lactis, Torula expansa (5 points on the corresponding Symonian and Mamikonian scale). Data from the mycological analysis of the sod-podzolic soil of the corn rhizosphere showed that the mycocenosis ofthe sod-podzolic soil of the corn rhizosphere was formed by micromycetes belonging to the generaAcremonium Link, Cladosporium Corda, Fusarium Link:Fr, Gliocladium Corda, Mucor Mich, Penicillium Link:Fr, Rhizopus Ehrenb, Trichoderma Hers, among which the most represented were micromycetes of the genus Penicillium (59 %). The total number of fungi in the control variant was291.00 ± 79.67 thousand CFU/g of soil. The introduction of straw affected both the total number ofmicromycetes and the genus composition of fungi. The total number of fungi in the variant withstraw increased 2.6 times and amounted to 744.00 ± 114.67 thousand CFU/g of soil. The number ofrepresentatives of all studied genera of micromycetes also increased. In addition, the introductionof straw provoked the development of fungi of Bipolaris and Fusarium genera, which can be considered a negative outcome since representatives of these species are commonly recognised as pathogens of root diseases. Application of the fungus antagonist T. viride IMB F-100076 to the soilalong with straw did not significantly affect the total number of micromycetes. At the same time, a displacement of fungi of the genus Bipolaris and Fusarium from the rhizosphere of corn was registered.The number of fusaria decreased from 96.00 ± 5.44 to 23.00 ± 2.32 thousand CFU/g of soil or almost4 times and reached the level of the control variant. Fungi of the genus Bipolaris in the variant withthe introduction of trichoderma were not detected. Conclusion. The antagonist fungus T. virideF-100076, introduced into the soil along with straw, strikes root in the soil and exhibits antagonisticactivity against micromycetes of the genera Bipolaris and Fusarium, which are commonly represented by root rot pathogens of many crops. Thus, the new strain T. viride F-100076 allows increasing theantagonistic potential of the rhizosphere soil of corn and protecting plants from pathogens. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.35868/1997-3004.31.16-25 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:23:55Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
16
Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2020. Вип. 31. С. 16–25.
ISSN 1997-3004
https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.31.16-25
UDC 632.937.1.04:632.937.1.02:632.937.1.05:632.937.14
ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF A NEW STRAIN
OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE AND ITS EFFECT
ON MICROMYCETES POPULATIONS IN THE ROOT ZONE
OF CORN PLANTS
E. P. Kopilov, A. A. Pavlenko, G. V. Tsekhmister, A. S. Kyslynska
Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Manufacture, NAAS
97 Shevchenka str., Chernihiv, 14035, Ukraine; e-mail: tolik.pavlenko@gmail.com
Goal. To investigate the antagonistic activity of a new strain of Trichoderma viride F-100076
and its effect on the formation of micromycetes populations in the root zone of corn plants under
field conditions. Methods. The antagonistic activity of T. viride F-100076 was studied by the meth-
od of mixed (counter) cultures on wort agar using phytopathogenic fungi, which were isolated and
identified in the Laboratory of Plant-Microbial Interactions. The appearance and type of relation-
ship were registered using a scale modified by Symonian and Mamikonian. The number of micromy-
cetes was determined by the method of soil dilutions. Isolation, accounting and cultivation of fungi
was carried out according to conventional methods. Micromycetes were identified according to the
determinants appropriate for a specific systematic group of micromycetes. Results. It was found
that T. viride IMB F-100076 is characterized by high antagonistic activity against a wide range of
phytopathogenic fungi, showing hyperparasitism as early as on the eighth day. The highest antago-
nistic activity of the strain was found against: Alternaria radicina, Acremonium strictum, Acremo-
nium сucurbitacearum, Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras, Fusarium moniliforme var. lactis, To-
rula expansa (5 points on the corresponding Symonian and Mamikonian scale). Data from the my-
cological analysis of the sod-podzolic soil of the corn rhizosphere showed that the mycocenosis of
the sod-podzolic soil of the corn rhizosphere was formed by micromycetes belonging to the genera
Acremonium Link, Cladosporium Corda, Fusarium Link:Fr, Gliocladium Corda, Mucor Mich, Pen-
icillium Link:Fr, Rhizopus Ehrenb, Trichoderma Hers, among which the most represented were mi-
cromycetes of the genus Penicillium (59 %). The total number of fungi in the control variant was
291.00 ± 79.67 thousand CFU/g of soil. The introduction of straw affected both the total number of
micromycetes and the genus composition of fungi. The total number of fungi in the variant with
straw increased 2.6 times and amounted to 744.00 ± 114.67 thousand CFU/g of soil. The number of
representatives of all studied genera of micromycetes also increased. In addition, the introduction
of straw provoked the development of fungi of Bipolaris and Fusarium genera, which can be consi-
dered a negative outcome since representatives of these species are commonly recognised as path-
ogens of root diseases. Application of the fungus antagonist T. viride IMB F-100076 to the soil
along with straw did not significantly affect the total number of micromycetes. At the same time, a dis-
placement of fungi of the genus Bipolaris and Fusarium from the rhizosphere of corn was registered.
The number of fusaria decreased from 96.00 ± 5.44 to 23.00 ± 2.32 thousand CFU/g of soil or almost
4 times and reached the level of the control variant. Fungi of the genus Bipolaris in the variant with
the introduction of trichoderma were not detected. Conclusion. The antagonist fungus T. viride
F-100076, introduced into the soil along with straw, strikes root in the soil and exhibits antagonistic
activity against micromycetes of the genera Bipolaris and Fusarium, which are commonly represent-
ed by root rot pathogens of many crops. Thus, the new strain T. viride F-100076 allows increasing the
antagonistic potential of the rhizosphere soil of corn and protecting plants from pathogens.
Key words: micromycetes, antagonist fungus, Trichoderma, corn, wheat straw, phytopatho-
genic fungi.
© E. P. Kopilov, A. A. Pavlenko, G. V. Tsekhmister, A. S. Kyslynska, 2020
17
Introduction. Among the bioagents of mi-
crobial preparations for plant protection from
pathogens of root diseases, the representatives
of widespread soil micromycetes of the genus
Trichoderma Pers are of the greatest interest.
The action of fungi of the genus Trichoderma
on microorganisms is due to their ability to form
antibiotics (gliotoxin, viridine, alamecin and
others), hydrolytic enzymes, as well as the abil-
ity to actively compete with other microorgan-
isms in the consuming of nutrient substrate and
to show hyperparasitic activity against large
spectrum of micromycetes. The search for
strains of fungi of the genus Trichoderma — po-
tential agents of biopreparations, is carried out
in many scientific institutions around the world.
Trichodermin and its modifications was created
on the basis of active strains of Trichoderma
genus. Fungi of the genus Trichoderma with
high cellulase activity are also known. It is ex-
pedient and timely to search for natural highly
active strains of fungi of the genus Trichoder-
ma, which are characterized by high antagonis-
tic activity against plant disease pathogens and
the ability to destroy agricultural waste. Crea-
tion of double-acting biopreparations on the ba-
sis of such strains will accelerate the destruction
of plant residues while protecting crops from
pathogens.
Analysis of recent studies and publica-
tions. It is known that among the modern mea-
sures of crop protection the chemical method of
plant protection continues to dominate. Howev-
er, for many developed countries, the need to
reduce pesticide use has become urgent. This is
caused by a number of negative phenomena that
occur with the widespread use of chemical
methods, namely: accumulation of so-called
pesticide residues that can migrate in different
systems, resulting in contamination of agricul-
tural products and their entry into the human
body. In many cases, pesticides have a biocidal
action on a beneficial biota. Furthermore, the
adaptation of harmful species is registered eve-
rywhere, i. e. pesticide-resistant forms appear in
populations of pests and phytopathogens. The
incidence of resistant forms of pests outrides the
creation of new preparations. All this encour-
ages the limitation of chemicals and the search
for effective and environmentally friendly plant
protection systems alternative to the chemical
method. Biological method, in particular, the
use of microbial preparations, is an alternative
to the chemical method.
Trichoderma fungi are promising bioagents
of microbial preparations to protect crops from
pathogens. They are increasingly attracting the
attention of researchers and more than 90 % of
biofungicides are based on them [1]. T. harzi-
anum, T. viride, T. virens are the most common
strains used to control fungal diseases. Repre-
sentatives of the genus Trichoderma are antago-
nists of such phytopathogens as Phitophthora
infestans, Alternarsa alternata and Botrytis ci-
nerea [2–3], Verticillium tricorpus, V. dahliae,
V. albo-atrum [4]. Trichoderma reduces the in-
fectious background of soils, restoring their
suppressiveness, i. e. the ability to inhibit path-
ogenic microbiota in natural biocenoses [5].
High antagonistic activity of fungi of the
genus Trichoderma is due to various mecha-
nisms of action: competition, hyperparasitism
and antibiosis. One of the determining factors in
the dominance of one or another species in the
agrocenosis is the ability to grow rapidly, due to
severe competition for nutrient substrate
through the synthesis of siderophores – low mo-
lecular weight compounds of various chemical
nature. Siderophores are synthesized by soil mi-
croorganisms and efficiently bind iron ions,
which are then supplied to plants that are in
symbiotic relationships with the corresponding
microorganisms. A role of siderophores in an-
tagonistic relationships with soil phytopatho-
gens is important, since they successfully com-
pete for iron ions, being in the tissues of the host
plant. This ability has been shown for some spe-
cies of Trichoderma, but most siderophores
have not been characterized [5]. There is a char-
acteristic for only three siderophores of the fun-
gus T. virens: monohydroxymate (cis- and trans-
fusarinin), trans-fusarinin dipeptide and trimer
disdepsipeptide-copragen [5].
Hyperparasitism is based on a direct contact
between the antagonist and the pathogen. Lytic
enzymes play a leading role in this process.
Trichoderma fungi are capable of synthesizing
extracellular hydrolases, in particular, endochiti-
nases, proteases, glucanases, lipases, xylanases,
mannases, pectinases, pectinliases, amylase,
phospholipases, RNAases, DNAases and others.
Chitinolytic and glucanolytic enzymes catalyse
the hydrolysis of cell walls of phytopathogens,
as they destroy polymers that do not occur in
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2020. Вип. 31.
18
plant cells [5], and proteases reduce the enzy-
matic activity of pathogens [1].
The antibiosis involves indirect effect and is
based on the synthesis of substances that have
an inhibitory or fatal effect on phytopathogens.
More than 100 secondary metabolites are
known to be characterized by antibiotic activity,
and they are produced by Trichoderma fungi.
Among them are gliotoxin, viridine, trichoder-
min, sacucacillin, alamethicin, dermadin, etc.
[6]. Trichoderma produces both volatile (eth-
ylene, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones) and non-
volatile metabolites, including protein antibiot-
ics (peptobiols) [5]. The combined action of lyt-
ic enzymes with antibiotics provides a higher
level of antagonism compared to their action
alone. The synergistic action of hydrolases and
antibiotics is known, and the degradation of
phytopathogenic cell walls is accompanied by
inhibition of the growth rate of the fungus [5].
Trichoderma fungi are not only active an-
tagonists of phytopathogens, they are also able
to produce substances of phytohormonal nature,
which improve plant growth and development,
in particular, increase the content of chloro-
phylls, proteins, carbohydrates, germination en-
ergy, similarity, aboveground and root system
mass [7]. The recent studies have shown that
fungi of the genus Trichoderma are able to form
symbiotic associations with plants similar to
mycorrhizal fungi. Under the influence of such
symbiotic associations, the availability of nutri-
ents in plants (N, P) increases, which contrib-
utes to their better growth and development.
Furthermore, such plants are more resistant to
phytopathogens. For example, the positive ef-
fect of T. harzianum on the root system and
aboveground mass of cucumber plants was not-
ed [1]. It is emphasised that the synthesis of
substances with restrictive properties helps the
trichoderma to colonize the roots of plants and
promotes the formation of associations, causing
the functional interactions between micro- and
macro-organism [8].
Data are available that T. harzianum is able
to penetrate the epidermis of the root of cucum-
ber plants, thereby inducing the synthesis of pe-
roxidases and phenolic compounds, which in
turn strengthened the cell wall of plants and
partially limited the penetration of pathogens
by inducing systemic immunity [9]. Trichoder-
ma synthesizes 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6PP)
and peptobiols, which act as elicitors and acti-
vate protective mechanisms in the host plant
[10–11].
The increase in crop yield under the influ-
ence of fungi of the genus Trichoderma is due
to the synergistic effect of the mechanisms de-
scribed above.
Therefore, the search for new effective
strains of antagonist fungi of the genus Tricho-
derma and the development of biopreparations
on their basis is an essential condition for the
successful application of new plant protection
products that can protect yields and improve the
environment.
Materials and methods. Determination of
antagonistic activity was performed using phy-
topathogenic fungi, which were isolated and
identified in the Laboratory of Plant-Microbial
Interactions at the Institute of Agricultural Mi-
crobiology and Agroindustrial Manufacture of
the NAAS, namely: Alternaria radicina, which
causes early blight of potatoes, tomatoes, car-
rots; Acremoniumstrictum — phytopathogen of
most monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous
crops, which causes wilting of plant leaves;
Acremonium сucurbitacearum, which is the
causative agent of pumpkin family acremonia-
sis; Aureobasidium pullulans is a phytopathogen
that causes diseases of shoots of agricultural
plants; Fusarium oxysporum is the causative
agent of root rot and fusarium wilt, Fusarium
oxysporum var. orthoceras is a phytopathogen
that causes vascular (tracheomycosis) wilting of
crops: wheat, rapeseed, tomatoes; Fusarium
moniliforme var. lactis which is the causative
agent of fusarium rot of corn stalks; Fusarium
solani is the causative agent of root diseases of
nightshade family and cereals; Rhizoctonia vio-
laceae which causes red root rot or rhizoctenia-
sis; Stachybotrys alternans affects roughage
(mainly straw); Thielaviopsis basicola affects
the roots and root system of legumes; Torula
expansa affects roughage.
The antagonistic activity of T. viride
F-100076 was studied by the method of mixed
(counter) cultures [12–13] on wort agar (4–5 %
dry matter) in 90 mm Petri dishes with a layer
of medium 6 mm thick. Petri dishes were placed
in a thermostat at 26 ± 2 °C. The experiment
was repeated three times. Accounting was per-
formed on the day 3 and 8 of cultivation.
The study of the mycocenosis of the root
zone of corn plants was carried out under the
conditions of a field experiment with corn,
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2020. Вип. 31.
19
which was performed according to the scheme:
1 — control; 2 — Introduction of straw; 3 —
introduction of straw treated with T. viride
F-100076 (2 × 105 CFU per 1 g of straw). In the
experiment, corn hybrid Kremin 200 SV was
cultivated. Straw and nitrogen fertilizers were
applied during autumn plowing at the rate of
15 kg of active substance per 1 tonne of straw.
Mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60P30K90 were
introduced during spring plowing. The account-
able area of the plot is 8.5 m2. The experiment
was repeated 5 times.
The number of micromycetes was deter-
mined by the method of Waksman soil dilu-
tions. Isolation, accounting and cultivation of
fungi was carried out according to generally ac-
cepted methods [14]. Cultural and morphologi-
cal characteristics of the fungi were studied on
wort agar with the addition of streptomycin in
the amount of 240 IU per 1 mL of medium to
inhibit bacterial growth. On the day 3–4, the
number of colony-forming units (CFU) was
counted, and on the day 7–8, micromycetes
were isolated in pure culture for further deter-
mination according to the described methods
[14].
Morphological features of micromycetes
were studied using a light microscope Delta
Optical Evolution 300 in accordance with the
relevant determinants [15–21].
Results and discussion. The study of an-
tagonistic activity of T. viride F-100076 was
performed by the method of counter cultures.
The obtained results showed that T. viride IMB
F-100076 is characterized by high antagonistic
activity against a wide range of phytopathogenic
fungi, showing hyperparasitism as early as on
the eighth day (Table 1). The highest antagonis-
tic activity of the strain was found in relation to:
Al. radicina, Ac. strictum, Ac. сucurbitacearum,
F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. oxysporum var. or-
thoceras, F. moniliforme var. lactis, T. expansa
(5 points respectively by Symonian and Ma-
mikonian scale) (Fig. 1–3). At the same time,
T. viride F-100076 inhibited growth and com-
pletely colonized pathogenic colonies showing
hyperparasitism.
Table 1. Antagonistic activity of Tricho-
derma viride IMB F-100076 against phyto-
pathogenic fungi (laboratory experiment, day 8)
Strains Reaction
type Points
Alternaria radicina E 5
Acremonium strictum E 5
Acremonium
сucurbitacearum E 5
Fusarium oxysporum Е 5
Fusarium solani Е 5
Fusarium oxysporum
var. orthoceras E 5
Fusarium moniliforme
var. lactis E 5
Torula expansa E 5
Rhizoctonia violaceae D 4
Aureobasidium pullulans D 4
Stachybotrys alternans D 4
Fig. 1. Antagonistic interaction between T. viride IMB F-100076 and phytopathogenic micro-
mycete Aureobasidium pullulans (8 days): 1 — A. pullulans; 2 — T. viride IMB F-100076.
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2020. Вип. 31.
20
Fig. 2. Antagonistic interaction between T. viride IMB F-100076 and phytopathogenic micro-
mycete Stachybotrys alternans (8 days): 1 — S. alternans; 2 — T. viride IMB F-100076.
Fig. 3. Antagonistic interaction between T. viride IMB F-100076 and phytopathogenic micro-
mycetes (8 days): 1 — Fusarium solani; 2 — Fusarium oxysporum; 3 — Fusarium moliniforme
var. lactis; 4 — Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras; 5 — T. viride IMB F-100076.
T. viride IMB F-100076 had a relatively
high activity (4 points) against Rhizoctonia vio-
laceae, Aureobasidium pullulans, Stachybotrys
alternans (Table 1).
Thus, the new strain T. viride IMB
F-100076, showing high activity against phyto-
pathogenic fungi, can be used for pre-sowing
treatment of crops in order to protect them from
pathogens of root diseases.
It is known that the nature of the interaction
between introduced and aboriginal microorgan-
isms can change when introduced into the soil.
Underestimation of the ability of the microor-
ganism to take root in the soil and counteract the
pathogenic microbiota can lead to a lack of
positive effect. The use of antagonist fungi to
protect plants from pathogens can be effective
only taking into account the influence of envi-
ronmental factors, species composition of sapro-
trophic and pathogenic microorganisms, soil
and climatic characteristics, as well as the rela-
tionship between aboriginal and introduced mi-
croorganisms. To determine the effect of the
fungus antagonist T. viride IMB F-100076 on
micromycetes directly in the soil, a field exper-
iment was conducted, which provided variants
with and without the introduction of winter
wheat straw at a rate of 70 kg/ha.
The obtained data of mycological analysis
of sod-podzolic soil of corn rhizosphere are
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2020. Вип. 31.
21
provided in Table 2. The obtained data suggest
that the mycocenosis of the sod-podzolic soil of
the corn rhizosphere was formed by micromy-
cetes belonging to the genera Acremonium Link,
Cladosporium Corda, Fusarium Link:Fr, Glio-
cladium Corda, Mucor Mich, Penicillium Link:Fr,
Rhizopus Ehrenb, Trichoderma Hers, among
which micromycetes of the genus Penicillium
were the most represented (59 %). The total
number of fungi in the control variant was 291 ±
± 79.67 thousand CFU (Table 2).
The introduction of straw affected both the
total number of micromycetes and the genus
composition of fungi. The total number of fungi
in the variant with straw increased 2.6 times and
amounted to 744 ± 114.67 thousand CFU/g of
soil. The number of representatives of all stud-
ied genera of micromycetes also increased. In
addition, the introduction of straw provoked the
development of micromycetes of the genus Bi-
polaris, which can be considered a negative
outcome since it is known that causative agents
of helminthosporium blight is common among
representatives of this species. Helminthospori-
um blight of corn leaves is a characteristic dis-
ease for the zone of Ukrainian Polissia, the
harmfulness of which is 6 to 27 %. The number
of micromycetes of the genus Bipolaris in the
variant with straw was at the level of 21 ± 3.10
thousand CFU/g of soil. The introduction of
straw also led to a significant increase in the
number of micromycetes of the genus Fusari-
um: from 25 ± 3.12 to 96 ± 5.44 thousand
CFU/g of soil or almost 4 fold (Table 2). This
can also be considered as an undesirable trend,
as fusaria can cause root rot and adversely affect
crop yields, in particular corn.
The introduction of the antagonist fungus
T. viride IMB F-100076 into the soil along with
straw had almost no effect on the total number
of micromycetes, but there was a displacement
of fungi of the genus Bipolaris and Fusarium
from the corn plant rhizosphere. The number of
fusaria decreased from 96 ± 5.44 to 23 ± 2.32
thousand CFU/g of soil or almost 4-fold and
reached the level of the control variant. Bipo-
laris fungi in the variant with the introduction of
trichoderma were not detected at all (Table 2).
Conclusion. The antagonist fungus T. viri-
de F-100076, introduced into the soil along with
the straw, takes root in the soil and exhibits an-
tagonistic activity against micromycetes of the
genera Bipolaris and Fusarium, among which
root rot pathogens of many crops are common.
Thus, the new strain T. viride F-100076 allows
to increase the antagonistic potential of the rhi-
zosphere soil of corn and to protect plants from
pathogens.
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potential of Trichoderma harzianum in controlling
wilt disease of pistachio caused by Verticillium dah-
lia. J. Plant Prot. Res., 57, 185–193. https://doi.org/
10.1515/jppr-2017-0025
5. Alimova, F. K. (2005). Sovremennaya siste-
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9. Yedidia, I., Benhamou, N., & Chet, I. (1999).
Induction of defense responses in cucumber plants
(Cucumis sativus L.) by the biological agent Tricho-
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2020. Вип. 31.
22
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2020. Вип. 31.
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23
derma harzianum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65(3),
1061–1070. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.3.1061-
1070.1999
10. Vinale, F., Sivasithamparam, K., Ghisalber-
ti, E.L., Marra, R., Woo, S. L., & Lorito, M. (2008).
Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions. Soil Biol
Biochem., 40, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.
2007.07.002
11. Viterbo, A., Wiest, A., Brotman, Y., Chet, I.,
& Kenerley, C. (2007). The 18mer peptaibols from
Trichoderma virens elicit plant defence responses.
Mol Plant Pathol., 8, 737–746. https://doi.org/
10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00430.x
12. Volkogon, V. V. (Ed.). (2010). Eksperimen-
talna gruntova mikrobiologiya: monografiia [Expe-
rimental soil microbiology: Monograph]. Kyiv:
Agrarna nauka [in Ukrainian].
13. Simonyan, S. A., & Mamikonyan, T. S.
(1982). Vzaimodeytvie komponentov karpofilnykh
mikosinuziy v eksperimente [The interaction of the
components of carpophilic mycosinusia in the
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14. Bilay, V. I. (Ed.). (1982). Metody eksperi-
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vennykh gribov [Atlas of genera of soil fungi]. Kiev:
Naukova Dumka [in Russian].
16. Bilay, V. I. (Ed.). (1984). Mikromitsety
pochv [Soil micromycetes]. Kiev: Naukova Dumka
[in Russian].
17. Litvinov, M. A. (1967). Opredelitel mikros-
kopicheskikh pochvennykh gribov [Key to micro-
scopic soil fungi]. Leningrad: Science [in Russian].
18. Bilay, V. I. (1977). Fuzarii [Fusaria]. Kiev:
Naukova Dumka [in Russian].
19. Pidoplichko, N. M. (1977). Griby-parazity
kulturnykh rasteniy (T. 2) [Fungi parasites of culti-
vated plants (Vol. 2)]. Kiev: Naukova Dumka [in
Russian].
20. Pidoplichko, N. M. (1977). Griby-parazity
kulturnykh rasteniy (T. 1) [Fungi parasites of culti-
vated plants (Vol. 1)]. Kiev: Naukova Dumka [in
Russian].
21. Pidoplichko, N. M. (1978). Griby-parazity
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Received 03.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.31.16-25
УДК 632.937.1.04:632.937.1.02:632.937.1.05:632.937.14
АНТАГОНІСТИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ НОВОГО ШТАМУ
TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА УГРУПОВАННЯ
МІКРОМІЦЕТІВ КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН КУКУРУДЗИ
Є. П. Копилов, А. А. Павленко, Г. В. Цехмістер, А. С. Кислинська
Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН, м.Чернігів
e-mail: tolik.pavlenko@gmail.com
Мета. Дослідити антагоністичну активність нового штаму T. viride F-100076 та його
вплив на формування угруповання мікроміцетів кореневої зони рослин кукурудзи за умов
польового досліду. Методи. Антагоністичну активність Trichoderma viride F-100076 дослі-
джували методом змішаних (зустрічних) культур на сусло-агарі з використанням фітопа-
тогенних грибів, які було виділено та ідентифіковано в лабораторії рослинно-мікробних вза-
ємодій. Відзначали зовнішній вигляд і тип відносин, використовуючи шкалу в модифікації
Симоняна і Маміконяна. Визначення чисельності мікроміцетів здійснювали за методом ґру-
нтових розведень. Виділення, облік і культивування грибів здійснювали за загальноприйня-
тими методиками. Ідентифікацію мікроміцетів проводили за відповідними для конкретної
систематичної групи мікроміцетів визначниками. Результати. Встановлено, що T. viride
IMB F-100076 характеризується високою антагоністичною активністю щодо широкого
спектру фітопатогенних грибів, виявляючи гіперпаразитизм вже на восьму добу. Найвищу
антагоністичну активність штам виявив щодо: Alternaria radicina, Acremonium strictum,
Acremonium сucurbitacearum, Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras, Fusarium moniliforme var.
ISSN 1997-3004 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія. 2020. Вип. 31.
24
lactis, Torula expansa (5 балів за відповідною шкалою Симоняна та Маміконяна). Дані міколо-
гічного аналізу дерново-підзолистого ґрунту ризосфери кукурудзи засвідчили, що мікоценоз
дерново-підзолистого ґрунту ризосфери кукурудзи формували мікроміцети, які належали до
родів Acremonium Link, Cladosporium Corda, Fusarium Link:Fr, Gliocladium Corda, Mucor
Mich, Penicillium Link:Fr, Rhizopus Ehrenb, Trichoderma Hers, серед яких найбільш представ-
леними були мікроміцети роду Penicillium (59 %). Загальна кількість грибів у контрольному
варіанті складала 291,00 ± 79,67 тис. КУО/г грунту. Внесення соломи позначилося як на за-
гальній кількості мікроміцетів, так і на родовому складі грибів. Загальна кількість грибів у
варіанті з соломою збільшилася в 2,6 раза і склала 744,00 ± 114,67 тис. КУО/г грунту. Збі-
льшилася також і чисельність представників всіх досліджених родів мікроміцетів. Крім
того, внесення соломи спровокувало розвиток грибів родів Bipolaris та Fusarium, що можна
вважати негативним наслідком, адже відомо, що серед представників зазначених видів ча-
сто трапляються збудники кореневих хвороб. Внесення в ґрунт одночасно із соломою гриба-
антагоніста T. viride IMB F-100076 не впливало істотно на загальну кількість мікроміцетів.
Водночас мало місце витіснення з ризосфери кукурудзи грибів роду Bipolaris і Fusarium, а чи-
сельність фузаріїв зменшилася з 96,00 ± 5,44 до 23,00 ± 2,32 тис. КУО/г грунту або майже у
4 рази і досягла рівня контрольного варіанту. Гриби роду Bipolaris у варіанті з внесенням
триходерми не виявлялися. Висновки. Гриб-антагоніст T. viride F-100076, внесений у ґрунт
одночасно із соломою, приживається в ґрунті та виявляє антагоністичну активність щодо
мікроміцетів родів Bipolaris і Fusarium, серед яких часто трапляються збудники кореневих
гнилей багатьох сільськогосподарських культур. Отже, новий штам T. viride F-100076 до-
зволяє підвищити антагоністичний потенціал ризосферного ґрунту кукурудзи та захистити
рослини від збудників захворювань.
Ключові слова: мікроміцети, гриб-антагоніст, Trichoderma, кукурудза, пшенична соло-
ма, фітопатогенні гриби.
ЦИТОВАНА ЛІТЕРАТУРА
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Trichoderma harzianum in controlling wilt disease
of pistachio caused by Verticillium dahlia. J. Plant
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10.1515/jppr-2017-0025
5. Алимова Ф. К. Современная система Tri-
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цына Ю. Н. Влияние грибов рода Trichoderma на
ростовые процесы пшеницы. Иследовано в
России. 2008. № 13. С. 173–182.
8. Howell C. R. Mechanisms employed by Tri-
choderma species in the biological control of plant
diseases: the history and evolution of current
concepts. Plant Dis. 2003. № 87. P. 4–10.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.1.4
9. Yedidia I., Benhamou, N., Chet I. Induction
of defense responses in cucumber plants (Cucumis
sativus L.) by the biological agent Trichoderma har-
zianum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1999. № 65(3).
P. 1061–1070. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.3.
1061-1070.1999
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plant-pathogen interactions. Soil Biol Biochem.
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Отримано 03.06.2020
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|
| id | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-89 |
| institution | Agriciltural microbiology |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:03:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | smicinua/85/ead76841c308cf5804af0e9cf7004785.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-892026-07-22T10:10:41Z ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF A NEW STRAIN OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE AND ITS EFFECT ON MICROMYCETES POPULATIONS IN THE ROOT ZONE OF CORN PLANTS АНТАГОНІСТИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ НОВОГО ШТАМУ TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА УГРУПОВАННЯ МІКРОМІЦЕТІВ КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН КУКУРУДЗИ Копилов, Є. П. Павленко, А. А. Цехмістер, Г. В. Кислинська, А. С. Goal. To investigate the antagonistic activity of a new strain of Trichoderma viride F-100076and its effect on the formation of micromycetes populations in the root zone of corn plants underfield conditions. Methods. The antagonistic activity of T. viride F-100076 was studied by the method of mixed (counter) cultures on wort agar using phytopathogenic fungi, which were isolated andidentified in the Laboratory of Plant-Microbial Interactions. The appearance and type of relationship were registered using a scale modified by Symonian and Mamikonian. The number of micromycetes was determined by the method of soil dilutions. Isolation, accounting and cultivation of fungiwas carried out according to conventional methods. Micromycetes were identified according to thedeterminants appropriate for a specific systematic group of micromycetes. Results. It was foundthat T. viride IMB F-100076 is characterized by high antagonistic activity against a wide range ofphytopathogenic fungi, showing hyperparasitism as early as on the eighth day. The highest antagonistic activity of the strain was found against: Alternaria radicina, Acremonium strictum, Acremonium сucurbitacearum, Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras, Fusarium moniliforme var. lactis, Torula expansa (5 points on the corresponding Symonian and Mamikonian scale). Data from the mycological analysis of the sod-podzolic soil of the corn rhizosphere showed that the mycocenosis ofthe sod-podzolic soil of the corn rhizosphere was formed by micromycetes belonging to the generaAcremonium Link, Cladosporium Corda, Fusarium Link:Fr, Gliocladium Corda, Mucor Mich, Penicillium Link:Fr, Rhizopus Ehrenb, Trichoderma Hers, among which the most represented were micromycetes of the genus Penicillium (59 %). The total number of fungi in the control variant was291.00 ± 79.67 thousand CFU/g of soil. The introduction of straw affected both the total number ofmicromycetes and the genus composition of fungi. The total number of fungi in the variant withstraw increased 2.6 times and amounted to 744.00 ± 114.67 thousand CFU/g of soil. The number ofrepresentatives of all studied genera of micromycetes also increased. In addition, the introductionof straw provoked the development of fungi of Bipolaris and Fusarium genera, which can be considered a negative outcome since representatives of these species are commonly recognised as pathogens of root diseases. Application of the fungus antagonist T. viride IMB F-100076 to the soilalong with straw did not significantly affect the total number of micromycetes. At the same time, a displacement of fungi of the genus Bipolaris and Fusarium from the rhizosphere of corn was registered.The number of fusaria decreased from 96.00 ± 5.44 to 23.00 ± 2.32 thousand CFU/g of soil or almost4 times and reached the level of the control variant. Fungi of the genus Bipolaris in the variant withthe introduction of trichoderma were not detected. Conclusion. The antagonist fungus T. virideF-100076, introduced into the soil along with straw, strikes root in the soil and exhibits antagonisticactivity against micromycetes of the genera Bipolaris and Fusarium, which are commonly represented by root rot pathogens of many crops. Thus, the new strain T. viride F-100076 allows increasing theantagonistic potential of the rhizosphere soil of corn and protecting plants from pathogens. Мета. Дослідити антагоністичну активність нового штаму T. viride F-100076 та йоговплив на формування угруповання мікроміцетів кореневої зони рослин кукурудзи за умовпольового досліду. Методи. Антагоністичну активність Trichoderma viride F-100076 досліджували методом змішаних (зустрічних) культур на сусло-агарі з використанням фітопатогенних грибів, які було виділено та ідентифіковано в лабораторії рослинно-мікробних взаємодій. Відзначали зовнішній вигляд і тип відносин, використовуючи шкалу в модифікаціїСимоняна і Маміконяна. Визначення чисельності мікроміцетів здійснювали за методом ґрунтових розведень. Виділення, облік і культивування грибів здійснювали за загальноприйнятими методиками. Ідентифікацію мікроміцетів проводили за відповідними для конкретноїсистематичної групи мікроміцетів визначниками. Результати. Встановлено, що T. virideIMB F-100076 характеризується високою антагоністичною активністю щодо широкогоспектру фітопатогенних грибів, виявляючи гіперпаразитизм вже на восьму добу. Найвищуантагоністичну активність штам виявив щодо: Alternaria radicina, Acremonium strictum,Acremonium сucurbitacearum, Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras, Fusarium moniliforme var. lactis, Torula expansa (5 балів за відповідною шкалою Симоняна та Маміконяна). Дані мікологічного аналізу дерново-підзолистого ґрунту ризосфери кукурудзи засвідчили, що мікоценоздерново-підзолистого ґрунту ризосфери кукурудзи формували мікроміцети, які належали дородів Acremonium Link, Cladosporium Corda, Fusarium Link:Fr, Gliocladium Corda, MucorMich, Penicillium Link:Fr, Rhizopus Ehrenb, Trichoderma Hers, серед яких найбільш представленими були мікроміцети роду Penicillium (59 %). Загальна кількість грибів у контрольномуваріанті складала 291,00 ± 79,67 тис. КУО/г грунту. Внесення соломи позначилося як на загальній кількості мікроміцетів, так і на родовому складі грибів. Загальна кількість грибів уваріанті з соломою збільшилася в 2,6 раза і склала 744,00 ± 114,67 тис. КУО/г грунту. Збільшилася також і чисельність представників всіх досліджених родів мікроміцетів. Крімтого, внесення соломи спровокувало розвиток грибів родів Bipolaris та Fusarium, що можнавважати негативним наслідком, адже відомо, що серед представників зазначених видів часто трапляються збудники кореневих хвороб. Внесення в ґрунт одночасно із соломою грибаантагоніста T. viride IMB F-100076 не впливало істотно на загальну кількість мікроміцетів.Водночас мало місце витіснення з ризосфери кукурудзи грибів роду Bipolaris і Fusarium, а чисельність фузаріїв зменшилася з 96,00 ± 5,44 до 23,00 ± 2,32 тис. КУО/г грунту або майже у4 рази і досягла рівня контрольного варіанту. Гриби роду Bipolaris у варіанті з внесеннямтриходерми не виявлялися. Висновки. Гриб-антагоніст T. viride F-100076, внесений у ґрунтодночасно із соломою, приживається в ґрунті та виявляє антагоністичну активність щодомікроміцетів родів Bipolaris і Fusarium, серед яких часто трапляються збудники кореневихгнилей багатьох сільськогосподарських культур. Отже, новий штам T. viride F-100076 дозволяє підвищити антагоністичний потенціал ризосферного ґрунту кукурудзи та захиститирослини від збудників захворювань. Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2020-07-07 Article Article Рецензована Стаття application/pdf https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/89 10.35868/1997-3004.31.16-25 Agricultural microbiology; Vol. 31 (2020): Agriciltural microbiology; 16-25 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; Том 31 (2020): Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; 16-25 1997-3004 10.35868/1997-3004.31 en https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/89/78 Авторське право (c) 2020 E. P. Kopilov, A. A. Pavlenko, G. V. Tsekhmister, A. S. Kyslynska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Копилов, Є. П. Павленко, А. А. Цехмістер, Г. В. Кислинська, А. С. АНТАГОНІСТИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ НОВОГО ШТАМУ TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА УГРУПОВАННЯ МІКРОМІЦЕТІВ КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН КУКУРУДЗИ |
| title | АНТАГОНІСТИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ НОВОГО ШТАМУ TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА УГРУПОВАННЯ МІКРОМІЦЕТІВ КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН КУКУРУДЗИ |
| title_alt | ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF A NEW STRAIN OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE AND ITS EFFECT ON MICROMYCETES POPULATIONS IN THE ROOT ZONE OF CORN PLANTS |
| title_full | АНТАГОНІСТИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ НОВОГО ШТАМУ TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА УГРУПОВАННЯ МІКРОМІЦЕТІВ КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН КУКУРУДЗИ |
| title_fullStr | АНТАГОНІСТИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ НОВОГО ШТАМУ TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА УГРУПОВАННЯ МІКРОМІЦЕТІВ КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН КУКУРУДЗИ |
| title_full_unstemmed | АНТАГОНІСТИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ НОВОГО ШТАМУ TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА УГРУПОВАННЯ МІКРОМІЦЕТІВ КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН КУКУРУДЗИ |
| title_short | АНТАГОНІСТИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ НОВОГО ШТАМУ TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА УГРУПОВАННЯ МІКРОМІЦЕТІВ КОРЕНЕВОЇ ЗОНИ РОСЛИН КУКУРУДЗИ |
| title_sort | антагоністична активність нового штаму trichoderma viride та його вплив на угруповання мікроміцетів кореневої зони рослин кукурудзи |
| url | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/89 |
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