HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS

HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS

Purpose: The main most pronounced events, which occurred in the initial period of the pulsars’ study at the decameter wavelength range, are presented. The example of the main scientific problems, which were formulated at the very beginning of pulsar research, shows how the emphasis and priorities of...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Datum:2021
1. Verfasser: Ulyanov, O. M.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:rus
Veröffentlicht: Видавничий дім «Академперіодика» 2021
Schlagworte:
aberration
frequency band
pulse
interpulse
dispersion measure
rotation measure
plasma
pulsar
radio telescope
Online Zugang:http://rpra-journal.org.ua/index.php/ra/article/view/1355
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Назва журналу:Radio physics and radio astronomy

Institution

Radio physics and radio astronomy
id oai:ri.kharkov.ua:article-1355
record_format ojs
institution Radio physics and radio astronomy
baseUrl_str
datestamp_date 2021-09-27T10:58:17Z
collection OJS
language rus
topic aberration
frequency band
pulse
interpulse
dispersion measure
rotation measure
plasma
pulsar
radio telescope
spellingShingle aberration
frequency band
pulse
interpulse
dispersion measure
rotation measure
plasma
pulsar
radio telescope
Ulyanov, O. M.
HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS
topic_facet aberration
frequency band
pulse
interpulse
dispersion measure
rotation measure
plasma
pulsar
radio telescope
aberration
frequency band
pulse
interpulse
dispersion measure
rotation measure
plasma
pulsar
radio telescope
аберація
діапазон частот
імпульс
інтерімпульс
міра дисперсії
міра обертання
плазма
пульсар
радіотелескоп
format Article
author Ulyanov, O. M.
author_facet Ulyanov, O. M.
author_sort Ulyanov, O. M.
title HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS
title_short HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS
title_full HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS
title_fullStr HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS
title_full_unstemmed HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS
title_sort history of low-frequency research of pulsars
title_alt HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS
ІСТОРІЯ НИЗЬКОЧАСТОТНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ПУЛЬСАРІВ
description Purpose: The main most pronounced events, which occurred in the initial period of the pulsars’ study at the decameter wavelength range, are presented. The example of the main scientific problems, which were formulated at the very beginning of pulsar research, shows how the emphasis and priorities of these studies have been changing over time, which tasks have finally been solved, and which are still waiting to be solved. It is shown how the ongoing modernization of the UTR-2 radio telescope have allowed to acquire new qualities in astrophysical research being made with this radio telescope and to identify new scientific directions. The example of the cited references shows how the pulsar research efforts in Ukraine have been developed and how they were integrated into the world astrophysical research of these unique objects.The purpose of this work is to show the relationship between the past and the present on the example of pulsars for longer than a semi-centennial period and to show how the scientific problems that were formulated in the past, and which could not be solved under the then-existing technical conditions, were solved by the subsequent generations of researchers.Design/methodology/approach: The methods of comparison and historical parallels show how the low-frequency studies of pulsars have been developed and evolved almost from their discovery until now.Findings: It is shown how quantitative transformations and technical development, as well as non-standard scientific approaches, unhackneyed thought and international cooperation allow to solve complex radio astronomical problems related to the low-frequency studies of pulsars.Conclusions: The paper provides a historical overview of more than half a century-long radio astronomical studies of pulsars, having been and still being made at the decameter band using the UTR-2 radio telescope. The “old” and current priorities in pulsar research are given, and it is shown how qualitatively the technical parameters of back end facility and computer performance have been changed in studying the coherent pulsar radio emission nature.Key words: aberration; frequency band; pulse; interpulse; dispersion measure; rotation measure; plasma; pulsar; radio telescopeManuscript submitted 17.05.2021Radio phys. radio astron. 2021, 26(2): 130-147REFERENCES1. HEWISH, A., BELL, S. J., PILKINGTON, J. D. H., SCOTT, P. F. and COLLINS, R. A., 1968. Observation of a rapidly pulsating radio source. Nature. vol. 217, no. 5130, pp. 709–713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/217709a02. BRAUDE, S. YA., MEGN, A. V. and SODIN, L. G., 1978. Decameter wavelength radio telescope UTR-2. Antennas. Moscow, Russia: Svyaz’ Publ., no. 26, pp. 3–14. (in Russian).3. MEGN, A. V., SODIN, L. G., SHARYKIN, N. K., BRUCK, YU. M., MEL’YANOVSKY, P. A., INYUTIN, G. A. and GONCHAROV, N. Yu., 1978. Principles of construction and characteristics of antennas of the UTR-2 radio telescope. Antennas. Moscow, Russia: Svyaz’ Publ., no 26. pp. 15–57. (in Russian).4. BRUK, YU. M., 1970. Estimates of radio emission intensity of pulsars CP 0808 and CP 1133 at 25 MHz frequency. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1814–1817. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF010329905. BRUK, YU. M., 1970. Observation of the Radio Emission of the Pulsar NP 0532 at the Frequency 25 MHz. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1818–1826. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF010329916. COMELLA, J. M., CRAFT, H. D., LOVELACE, R. V. E., SUTTON, J. M. and TYLER, G. L., 1969. Crab Nebula Pulsar NP0532. Nature. vol. 221, pp. 453–454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/221453a07. CODE, A. D., 1970. The Possible Effects of Scattering of Pulsar Radiation. Astrophys. J. vol. 159, pp. L29–L34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/1804728. STAELIN, D. H. and SUTTON, J. M., 1970. Observed Shapes of Crab Nebula Radio Pulses. Nature. vol. 226, pp. 69–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/226069a09. POPOV, M. V., KUZ’MIN, A. D., UL’YANOV, O. M., DESHPANDE, A. A., ERSHOV, A. A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KONDRAT’EV, V. I., KOSTYUK, S. V., LOSOVSKII, B. YA. and SOGLASNOV, V. A., 2006. Instantaneous Radio Spectra of Giant Pulses from the Crab Pulsar from Decimeter to Decameter Wavelengths Astron. Rep. vol. 50, is. 7, pp. 562–568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377290607006710. ULYANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KONOVALENKO, O. O., LECACHEUX, A., ROSOLEN, C. and RUCKER, H. O., 2006. Detection of Individual Pulses from Pulsars B0809+74; B0834+06; B0943+10; B0950+08 and B1133+16 in the Decameter Wavelengths. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 113–133. (in Russian).11. ULYANOV, O. M., DESHPANDE, A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., ASGEKAR, A. and SHANKAR, U., 2007. Two-Frequency Observations of Six Pulsars Using UTR-2 and GEETEE Radio Telescopes. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 5–20. (in Russian).12. UL’YANOV, O. M. and ZAKHARENKO, V. V., 2012. Energy of anomalously intense pulsar pulses at decameter wavelengths. Astron. Rep. vol. 56, is. 6. pp. 417–429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377291206005413. ULYANOV, O. M., SKORYK, A. O., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., PLAKHOV, M. S. and ULYANOVA, O. O., 2016. Detection of the Fine Structure of the Pulsar J0953+0755 Radio Emission in the Decametre Wave Range. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 455, is. 1, pp. 150–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv217214. SKORYK, A. O., ULYANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., PLAKHOV, M. S. and KRAVTSOV, I. M., 2017. Fine Structure of Anomalously Intense Pulses of PSR J0814+7429 Radio Emission in the Decameter Range. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 93–111. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/rpra22.02.09315. ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., SKORYK, A. O., VASYLIEVA, I. Y. and PLAKHOV, M. S., 2018. Time and Polarization Radiation Characteristics of PSR J0242+6256 at the Decameter Wavelength Range. Kinemat. Phys. Celest. Bodies. vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 174–183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S088459131804006216. BRUCK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU. 1973.  Decametric Pulse Radioemission from PSR 0809, PSR 1133, and PSR 1919. Nat. Phys. Sci.  vol. 242, is. 117, pp. 58–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/physci242058a017. BRUK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1973. Methods and apparatus for observation of pulsars in the decameter wavelength range. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. vol. 16, pp. 1867–1870. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0103704318. BRUK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1973. Procedure and Equipment for Observation of Pulsars in the Decameter Range of Wavelengths. Radiophys. and Quantum Electron. vol. 16, is. 12, pp. 1450–1452. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0103704319. BRUCK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1977. The Interpulse Radio Emission of the Pulsar PSR 191+21 at the Frequencies 16.7–38 MHz. Astrophys. Space Sci. vol. 51, pp. 225–227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0064247420. BRUCK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1979. The Interpulse Emission Structure in Pulsars. Astron. Astrophys. vol. 80, pp. 170–173.21. BRUK, YU. M., DAVIES, J. G., KUZ’MIN, A. D., LYNE, A. G., MALOFEEV, V. M., ROWSON, B., USTIMENKO, B. YU. and SHITOV, YU. P., 1978. Radio-emission spectra of five pulsars in the 17–1420 MHz range. Sov. Astron. vol. 22, pp. 588–593.22. NOVIKOV, A. YU., POPOV, M. V., SOGLASNOV, V. A., BRUK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1984. Observations of pulsar PSR 0809+74 at a frequency of 25 MHz with a time resolution of 100 msec. Sov. Astron. vol. 28, is. 2, pp. 199–201.23. UL’YANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V. and BRUK, YU. M., 2008. The parameters of pulsar subpulse emission at decameter wavelengths. Astron. Rep. vol. 52, is. 11, pp. 917–924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377290811006124. SHITOV, YU. P., 1983. Period dependence of the spectrum and the phenomenon of twisting of the magnetic fields of pulsars. Sov. Astron. vol. 27, is. 3, pp. 314–321.25. DAVIES, J. G., LYNE, A. G., SMITH, F. G., IZVEKOVA, V. A., KUZMIN, A. D. and SHITOV, YU. P., 1984. The magnetic field structure of PSR 0809+74. Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc. vol. 211, is. 1, pp. 57–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/211.1.5726. SHITOV, YU. P., 1985. Pulsar radio polarization and the magnetic-field twist effect. Sov. Astron. vol. 29, is. 1, pp. 33–39.27. SHITOV, YU. P. and MALOFEEV, V. M., 1985. A superdispersion delay of the meter-wave pulses of PSR 0809+74. Sov. Astron. Lett. vol. 11, is. 1, pp. 39–42.28. SHITOV, YU. P., MALOFEEV, V. M. and IZVEKOVA, V. A., 1988. Superdispersion delay of low-frequency pulsar pulses. Sov. Astron. Lett. vol. 14, is. 3, pp. 181–185.29. ULYANOV, O. M., 1990. Aberration, retardation, and twist effects in pulsar radio emission observations. Kinematika i fizika nebesnyh tel. vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 63–67. (in Ukrainian).30. KONDRATIEV, V., 2012. New results from LOFAR. In: J. VAN LEEUWEN, ed. Neutron Stars and Pulsars: Challenges and Opportunities after 80 years. Proceedings IAU, Vol. 8, Symposium No. 291. pp 47–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S174392131202312531. RYABOV, B. P. and GERASIMOVA, N. N., 1990. Sporadic radio emission of Jupiter at decameter wavelength. Kiev, Ukraine: Naukova Dumka Publ. (in Russian).32. BOEV, A. G. and LUK’IANOV, M. IU., 1989. On the theory of Cherenkov’s radiation of plasma waves by the charge moving in the magnetoactive plasma. Ukrainskii Fizicheskii Zhurnal. vol. 34, is. 4, pp. 554–558. (in Russian).33. BOEV, A. G. and LUK’IANOV, M. IU., 1990. Mechanism of the decametric S-emission of Jupiter. Dopovidi Akademii Nauk Ukrains’koi RSR. Ser. A. pp. 52–55. (in Ukrainian).34. BRAUDE, S. YA. and BRUK, YU. M., 1980. The analogy between the decameter radio emission of pulsars and that of Jupiter. Sov. Astron. Lett. vol. 6, is. 3, pp. 166–168.35. BRUK, YU. M. and ZAKHARENKO, V. V., 1993. Broad-Band Compensation for Dynamic-Range Measurements by Intermodulation. Instrum. Exp. Tech. vol. 36, pp. 557–562.36. ABRANIN, E. P., BRUK, YU. M. and ZAKHARENKO, V. V., 1997. Structure and Parameters of New System of Antenna Applification of Radio Telescope UTR-2. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 95–102. (in Russian).37. ABRANIN, E. P., BRUCK, YU. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V. and KONOVALENKO, A. A., 2001. The New Preamplification System for the UTR-2 Radio Telescope. Exp. Astron. vol. 11, pp. 85–112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101110912828438. ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., MUKHA D. V. and SEREDKINA, A. A., 2013. Investigation of the Earth Ionosphere Using the Radio Emission of Pulsars. Baltic Astron. vol. 22, pp. 53–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/astro-2017-014739. ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I. and SKORYK, A. O., 2013. Polarization Sounding of Pulsar Magnetosphere. Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 159–168. (in Russian).40. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ULYANOV, O. M., SERYLAK, M., ZARKA, P., GRIEßMEIER, J.-M., COGNARD, I. and NIKOLAENKO, V. S., 2013. Detection of decametre-wavelength pulsed radio emission of 40 known pulsars. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 431, is. 4, pp. 3624–3641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt47041. VASYLIEVA, I. Y., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ZARKA, P., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I. and SKORYK, A. O., 2014. Decameter pulsar/transient survey of Northen sky. First results. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 197–205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/rpra19.03.19742. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KRAVTSOV, I. P., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., MYKHAILOVA, S. S., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., SKORYK, A. O., ZARKA, P. and KONOVALENKO, O. O., 2015. Decameter Pulsars and Transients Survey of the Northern Sky. Status, First Results, Multiparametric Pipeline for Candidate Selection. Odessa Astronomical Publications. vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 252–255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18524/1810-4215.2015.28.7104743. KRAVTSOV, I. P., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., MYKHAILOVA, S. S., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I. and SKORYK, A. O., 2016. Parameters of the transient signals detected in the decameter survey of the Northern sky. Odessa Astronomical Publications. vol. 29, pp. 179–183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18524/1810-4215.2016.29.8521044. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., NIKOLAENKO, V. S., ULYANOV, O. M. and MOTIYENKO, R. A., 2007. A waveform receiver for continuous registration of fast processes in pulsar radio emission. In: 2007 International Kharkov Symposium Physics and Engrg. of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves (MSMW). vol. 2, pp. 745–747. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2007.429480045. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., NIKOLAENKO, V. S., ULYANOV, O. M. and MOTIYENKO, R. A., 2007. A High Time Resolution Receiver for Radio Emission Investigation. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. 2007. vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 233–241. (in Russian).46. ZAKHARENKO, V., KONOVALENKO, A., ZARKA, P., ULYANOV, O., SIDORCHUK, M., STEPKIN, S., KOLIADIN, V., KALINICHENKO, N., STANISLAVSKY, A., DOROVSKYY, V., SHEPELEV, V., BUBNOV, I., YERIN, S., MELNIK, V., KOVAL, A., SHEVCHUK, N., VASYLIEVA, I., MYLOSTNA, K., SHEVTSOVA, A., SKORYK, A., KRAVTSOV, I., VOLVACH, Y., PLAKHOV, M., VASILENKO, N., VASYLKIVSKYI, Y., VAVRIV, D., VINOGRADOV, V., KOZHIN, R., KRAVTSOV, A., BULAKH, E., KUZIN, A., VASILYEV, A., RYABOV, V., REZNICHENKO, A., BORTSOV,V., LISACHENKO, V., KVASOV, G., MUKHA, D., LITVINENKO, G., BRAZHENKO, A., VASHCHISHIN, R., PYLAEV, O., KOSHOVYY, V., LOZINSKY, A., IVANTYSHYN, O., RUCKER, H. O., PANCHENKO, M., FISCHER, G., LECACHEUX, A., DENIS, L., COFFRE, A. and GRIEßMEIER, J-M., 2016. Digital Receivers for Low-Frequency Radio Telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT. J. Astron. Instrum. vol. 5, no. 4, id. 1641010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S225117171641010547. KONOVALENKO, O. O., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., LYTVYNENKO, L. M., ULYANOV, O. M., SIDORCHUK, M. A., STEPKIN, S. V., SHEPELEV, V. A., ZARKA, P., RUCKER, H. O., LECACHEUX, A., PANCHENKO, M., BRUCK, YU. M., TOKARSKY, P. L., BUBNOV, I. M., YERIN, S. M., KOLIADIN, V. L., MELNIK, V. M., KALINICHENKO, M. M., STANISLAVSKY, O. O., DOROVSKYY, V. V., KHRISTENKO, O. D., SHEVCHENKO, V. V., BELOV, O. S., GRIDIN, A. O., ANTONOV, O. V., BOVKUN, V. P., REZNICHENKO, O. M., BORTSOV, V. M., KVASOV, G. V., OSTAPCHENKO, L. M., SHEVCHUK, M. V., SHEVCHENKO, V. A., YATSKIV, YA. S., VAVILOVA, I. B., BRAUDE, I. S., SHKURATOV, Y. G., RYABOV, V. B., PIDGORNY, G. I., TYMOSHEVSKY, A. G., LYTVYNENKO, O. O., GALANIN, V. V., RYABOV, M. I., BRAZHENKO, A. I., VASHCHISHIN, R. V., FRANTSUZENKO, A. V., KOSHOVYY, V. V., IVANTYSHYN, O. L., LOZINSKY, A. B., KHARCHENKO, B. S., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., KRAVTSOV, I. P., VASYLKIVSKY, Y. V., LITVINENKO, G. V., MUKHA, D. V., VASYLENKO, N. V., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., MIROSHNICHENKO, A. P., KUHAI, N. V., SOBOLEV, YA. M. and TSVYK, N. O., 2021. The Founder of the Decameter Radio Astronomy in Ukraine Academician of NAS of Ukraine Semen Yakovych Braude is 110 Years Old: History of Creation and Development of the National Experimental Base for the Last Half Century. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 5–73. (in Ukrainian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/rpra26.01.00548. BRAZHENKO, A. I., BULATSEN, V. G., VASHCHISHIN, R. V., FRANTSUZENKO, A. V., KONOVALENKO, A. A., FALKOVICH, I. S., ABRANIN, E. P., ULYANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., LECACHEUX, A. and RUCKER, H., 2005. New Decameter Radiopolarimeter URAN-2. Kinematika i fizika nebesnyh tel. vol. 21, no. 5 (suppl.), pp. 43–46.49. SHKURATOV, Y. G., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., STANISLAVSKY, A. A., BANNIKOVA, E. Y., KAYDASH, V. G., STANKEVICH, D. G., KOROKHIN, V. V., VAVRIV, D. M., GALUSHKO, V. G., YERIN, S. N., BUBNOV, I. N., TOKARSKY, P. L., ULYANOV, O. M., STEPKIN, S. V., LYTVYNENKO, L. N., YATSKIV, Y. S., VIDEEN, G., ZARKA, P. and RUCKER, H. O., 2018. Ukrainian mission to the Moon: How to and with what. Space Sci. Technol. vol 24, no. 1, pp. 3–30. (in Ukrainian). DOI: 0.15407/knit2018.01.00350. SHKURATOV, Y. G., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., STANISLAVSKY, A. A., BANNIKOVA, E. Y., KAYDASH, V. G., STANKEVICH, D. G., KOROKHIN, V. V., VAVRIV, D. M., GALUSHKO, V. G., YERIN, S. N., BUBNOV, I. N., TOKARSKY, P. L., ULYANOV, O. M., STEPKIN, S. V., LYTVYNENKO, L. N., YATSKIV, Y. S., VIDEEN, G., ZARKA, P. and RUCKER, H. O., 2019. A twofold mission to the moon: Objectives and payloads. Acta Astronaut. vol. 154, pp. 214–226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.03.03851. ZAKHARENKO, V., MYLOSTNA, C., KONOVALENKO, A., ZARKA, P., FISCHER, G., GRIEßMEIER, J-M., LITVINENKO, G., RUCKER, H., SIDORCHUK, M., RYABOV, B., VAVRIV, D., RYABOV, V., CECCONI, B., COFFRE, A., DENIS, L., FABRICE, C., PALLIER, L., SCHNEIDER, J., KOZHYN, R., VINOGRADOV, V., MUKHA, D., WEBER, R., SHEVCHENKO, V. and NIKOLAENKO, V., 2012. Ground-based and spacecraft observations of lightning activity on Saturn. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 61, is. 1, pp. 53–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.07.02152. KONOVALENKO, A. A., KALINICHENKO, N. N., RUCKER, H O., LECACHEUX, A., FISCHER, G., ZARKA, P., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., MYLOSTNA, K. Y., GRIEßMEIER, J.-M., ABRANIN, E. P., FALKOVICH, I. S., SIDORCHUK, K. M., KURTH, W. S., KAISER, M. L. and GURNETT, D. A., 2012. Earliest recorded ground-based decameter wavelength observations of Saturn’s lightning during the giant E-storm detected by Cassini spacecraft in early 2006. Icarus. vol. 224, is. 1, pp. 14–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.02453. KRAVTSOV, I. P., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., MYKHAILOVA, S. S., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., SKORYK, A. O., ZARKA, P. and KONOVALENKO, O. O., 2016. Search for Transient Signals in the data of Decameter Survey of the Northern Sky. Adv. Astron. Space Phys. vol. 6, is. 2, pp. 79–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/2227-1481.6.79-84
publisher Видавничий дім «Академперіодика»
publishDate 2021
url http://rpra-journal.org.ua/index.php/ra/article/view/1355
work_keys_str_mv AT ulyanovom historyoflowfrequencyresearchofpulsars
AT ulyanovom ístoríânizʹkočastotnihdoslídženʹpulʹsarív
first_indexed 2025-07-17T11:26:01Z
last_indexed 2025-07-17T11:26:01Z
_version_ 1838500121166217216
spelling oai:ri.kharkov.ua:article-13552021-09-27T10:58:17Z HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS ІСТОРІЯ НИЗЬКОЧАСТОТНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ПУЛЬСАРІВ Ulyanov, O. M. aberration; frequency band; pulse; interpulse; dispersion measure; rotation measure; plasma; pulsar; radio telescope aberration; frequency band; pulse; interpulse; dispersion measure; rotation measure; plasma; pulsar; radio telescope аберація; діапазон частот; імпульс; інтерімпульс; міра дисперсії; міра обертання; плазма; пульсар; радіотелескоп Purpose: The main most pronounced events, which occurred in the initial period of the pulsars’ study at the decameter wavelength range, are presented. The example of the main scientific problems, which were formulated at the very beginning of pulsar research, shows how the emphasis and priorities of these studies have been changing over time, which tasks have finally been solved, and which are still waiting to be solved. It is shown how the ongoing modernization of the UTR-2 radio telescope have allowed to acquire new qualities in astrophysical research being made with this radio telescope and to identify new scientific directions. The example of the cited references shows how the pulsar research efforts in Ukraine have been developed and how they were integrated into the world astrophysical research of these unique objects.The purpose of this work is to show the relationship between the past and the present on the example of pulsars for longer than a semi-centennial period and to show how the scientific problems that were formulated in the past, and which could not be solved under the then-existing technical conditions, were solved by the subsequent generations of researchers.Design/methodology/approach: The methods of comparison and historical parallels show how the low-frequency studies of pulsars have been developed and evolved almost from their discovery until now.Findings: It is shown how quantitative transformations and technical development, as well as non-standard scientific approaches, unhackneyed thought and international cooperation allow to solve complex radio astronomical problems related to the low-frequency studies of pulsars.Conclusions: The paper provides a historical overview of more than half a century-long radio astronomical studies of pulsars, having been and still being made at the decameter band using the UTR-2 radio telescope. The “old” and current priorities in pulsar research are given, and it is shown how qualitatively the technical parameters of back end facility and computer performance have been changed in studying the coherent pulsar radio emission nature.Key words: aberration; frequency band; pulse; interpulse; dispersion measure; rotation measure; plasma; pulsar; radio telescopeManuscript submitted 17.05.2021Radio phys. radio astron. 2021, 26(2): 130-147REFERENCES1. HEWISH, A., BELL, S. J., PILKINGTON, J. D. H., SCOTT, P. F. and COLLINS, R. A., 1968. Observation of a rapidly pulsating radio source. Nature. vol. 217, no. 5130, pp. 709–713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/217709a02. BRAUDE, S. YA., MEGN, A. V. and SODIN, L. G., 1978. Decameter wavelength radio telescope UTR-2. Antennas. Moscow, Russia: Svyaz’ Publ., no. 26, pp. 3–14. (in Russian).3. MEGN, A. V., SODIN, L. G., SHARYKIN, N. K., BRUCK, YU. M., MEL’YANOVSKY, P. A., INYUTIN, G. A. and GONCHAROV, N. Yu., 1978. Principles of construction and characteristics of antennas of the UTR-2 radio telescope. Antennas. Moscow, Russia: Svyaz’ Publ., no 26. pp. 15–57. (in Russian).4. BRUK, YU. M., 1970. Estimates of radio emission intensity of pulsars CP 0808 and CP 1133 at 25 MHz frequency. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1814–1817. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF010329905. BRUK, YU. M., 1970. Observation of the Radio Emission of the Pulsar NP 0532 at the Frequency 25 MHz. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1818–1826. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF010329916. COMELLA, J. M., CRAFT, H. D., LOVELACE, R. V. E., SUTTON, J. M. and TYLER, G. L., 1969. Crab Nebula Pulsar NP0532. Nature. vol. 221, pp. 453–454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/221453a07. CODE, A. D., 1970. The Possible Effects of Scattering of Pulsar Radiation. Astrophys. J. vol. 159, pp. L29–L34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/1804728. STAELIN, D. H. and SUTTON, J. M., 1970. Observed Shapes of Crab Nebula Radio Pulses. Nature. vol. 226, pp. 69–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/226069a09. POPOV, M. V., KUZ’MIN, A. D., UL’YANOV, O. M., DESHPANDE, A. A., ERSHOV, A. A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KONDRAT’EV, V. I., KOSTYUK, S. V., LOSOVSKII, B. YA. and SOGLASNOV, V. A., 2006. Instantaneous Radio Spectra of Giant Pulses from the Crab Pulsar from Decimeter to Decameter Wavelengths Astron. Rep. vol. 50, is. 7, pp. 562–568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377290607006710. ULYANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KONOVALENKO, O. O., LECACHEUX, A., ROSOLEN, C. and RUCKER, H. O., 2006. Detection of Individual Pulses from Pulsars B0809+74; B0834+06; B0943+10; B0950+08 and B1133+16 in the Decameter Wavelengths. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 113–133. (in Russian).11. ULYANOV, O. M., DESHPANDE, A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., ASGEKAR, A. and SHANKAR, U., 2007. Two-Frequency Observations of Six Pulsars Using UTR-2 and GEETEE Radio Telescopes. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 5–20. (in Russian).12. UL’YANOV, O. M. and ZAKHARENKO, V. V., 2012. Energy of anomalously intense pulsar pulses at decameter wavelengths. Astron. Rep. vol. 56, is. 6. pp. 417–429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377291206005413. ULYANOV, O. M., SKORYK, A. O., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., PLAKHOV, M. S. and ULYANOVA, O. O., 2016. Detection of the Fine Structure of the Pulsar J0953+0755 Radio Emission in the Decametre Wave Range. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 455, is. 1, pp. 150–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv217214. SKORYK, A. O., ULYANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., PLAKHOV, M. S. and KRAVTSOV, I. M., 2017. Fine Structure of Anomalously Intense Pulses of PSR J0814+7429 Radio Emission in the Decameter Range. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 93–111. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/rpra22.02.09315. ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., SKORYK, A. O., VASYLIEVA, I. Y. and PLAKHOV, M. S., 2018. Time and Polarization Radiation Characteristics of PSR J0242+6256 at the Decameter Wavelength Range. Kinemat. Phys. Celest. Bodies. vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 174–183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S088459131804006216. BRUCK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU. 1973.  Decametric Pulse Radioemission from PSR 0809, PSR 1133, and PSR 1919. Nat. Phys. Sci.  vol. 242, is. 117, pp. 58–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/physci242058a017. BRUK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1973. Methods and apparatus for observation of pulsars in the decameter wavelength range. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. vol. 16, pp. 1867–1870. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0103704318. BRUK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1973. Procedure and Equipment for Observation of Pulsars in the Decameter Range of Wavelengths. Radiophys. and Quantum Electron. vol. 16, is. 12, pp. 1450–1452. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0103704319. BRUCK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1977. The Interpulse Radio Emission of the Pulsar PSR 191+21 at the Frequencies 16.7–38 MHz. Astrophys. Space Sci. vol. 51, pp. 225–227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0064247420. BRUCK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1979. The Interpulse Emission Structure in Pulsars. Astron. Astrophys. vol. 80, pp. 170–173.21. BRUK, YU. M., DAVIES, J. G., KUZ’MIN, A. D., LYNE, A. G., MALOFEEV, V. M., ROWSON, B., USTIMENKO, B. YU. and SHITOV, YU. P., 1978. Radio-emission spectra of five pulsars in the 17–1420 MHz range. Sov. Astron. vol. 22, pp. 588–593.22. NOVIKOV, A. YU., POPOV, M. V., SOGLASNOV, V. A., BRUK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1984. Observations of pulsar PSR 0809+74 at a frequency of 25 MHz with a time resolution of 100 msec. Sov. Astron. vol. 28, is. 2, pp. 199–201.23. UL’YANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V. and BRUK, YU. M., 2008. The parameters of pulsar subpulse emission at decameter wavelengths. Astron. Rep. vol. 52, is. 11, pp. 917–924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377290811006124. SHITOV, YU. P., 1983. Period dependence of the spectrum and the phenomenon of twisting of the magnetic fields of pulsars. Sov. Astron. vol. 27, is. 3, pp. 314–321.25. DAVIES, J. G., LYNE, A. G., SMITH, F. G., IZVEKOVA, V. A., KUZMIN, A. D. and SHITOV, YU. P., 1984. The magnetic field structure of PSR 0809+74. Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc. vol. 211, is. 1, pp. 57–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/211.1.5726. SHITOV, YU. P., 1985. Pulsar radio polarization and the magnetic-field twist effect. Sov. Astron. vol. 29, is. 1, pp. 33–39.27. SHITOV, YU. P. and MALOFEEV, V. M., 1985. A superdispersion delay of the meter-wave pulses of PSR 0809+74. Sov. Astron. Lett. vol. 11, is. 1, pp. 39–42.28. SHITOV, YU. P., MALOFEEV, V. M. and IZVEKOVA, V. A., 1988. Superdispersion delay of low-frequency pulsar pulses. Sov. Astron. Lett. vol. 14, is. 3, pp. 181–185.29. ULYANOV, O. M., 1990. Aberration, retardation, and twist effects in pulsar radio emission observations. Kinematika i fizika nebesnyh tel. vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 63–67. (in Ukrainian).30. KONDRATIEV, V., 2012. New results from LOFAR. In: J. VAN LEEUWEN, ed. Neutron Stars and Pulsars: Challenges and Opportunities after 80 years. Proceedings IAU, Vol. 8, Symposium No. 291. pp 47–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S174392131202312531. RYABOV, B. P. and GERASIMOVA, N. N., 1990. Sporadic radio emission of Jupiter at decameter wavelength. Kiev, Ukraine: Naukova Dumka Publ. (in Russian).32. BOEV, A. G. and LUK’IANOV, M. IU., 1989. On the theory of Cherenkov’s radiation of plasma waves by the charge moving in the magnetoactive plasma. Ukrainskii Fizicheskii Zhurnal. vol. 34, is. 4, pp. 554–558. (in Russian).33. BOEV, A. G. and LUK’IANOV, M. IU., 1990. Mechanism of the decametric S-emission of Jupiter. Dopovidi Akademii Nauk Ukrains’koi RSR. Ser. A. pp. 52–55. (in Ukrainian).34. BRAUDE, S. YA. and BRUK, YU. M., 1980. The analogy between the decameter radio emission of pulsars and that of Jupiter. Sov. Astron. Lett. vol. 6, is. 3, pp. 166–168.35. BRUK, YU. M. and ZAKHARENKO, V. V., 1993. Broad-Band Compensation for Dynamic-Range Measurements by Intermodulation. Instrum. Exp. Tech. vol. 36, pp. 557–562.36. ABRANIN, E. P., BRUK, YU. M. and ZAKHARENKO, V. V., 1997. Structure and Parameters of New System of Antenna Applification of Radio Telescope UTR-2. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 95–102. (in Russian).37. ABRANIN, E. P., BRUCK, YU. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V. and KONOVALENKO, A. A., 2001. The New Preamplification System for the UTR-2 Radio Telescope. Exp. Astron. vol. 11, pp. 85–112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101110912828438. ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., MUKHA D. V. and SEREDKINA, A. A., 2013. Investigation of the Earth Ionosphere Using the Radio Emission of Pulsars. Baltic Astron. vol. 22, pp. 53–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/astro-2017-014739. ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I. and SKORYK, A. O., 2013. Polarization Sounding of Pulsar Magnetosphere. Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 159–168. (in Russian).40. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ULYANOV, O. M., SERYLAK, M., ZARKA, P., GRIEßMEIER, J.-M., COGNARD, I. and NIKOLAENKO, V. S., 2013. Detection of decametre-wavelength pulsed radio emission of 40 known pulsars. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 431, is. 4, pp. 3624–3641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt47041. VASYLIEVA, I. Y., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ZARKA, P., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I. and SKORYK, A. O., 2014. Decameter pulsar/transient survey of Northen sky. First results. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 197–205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/rpra19.03.19742. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KRAVTSOV, I. P., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., MYKHAILOVA, S. S., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., SKORYK, A. O., ZARKA, P. and KONOVALENKO, O. O., 2015. Decameter Pulsars and Transients Survey of the Northern Sky. Status, First Results, Multiparametric Pipeline for Candidate Selection. Odessa Astronomical Publications. vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 252–255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18524/1810-4215.2015.28.7104743. KRAVTSOV, I. P., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., MYKHAILOVA, S. S., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I. and SKORYK, A. O., 2016. Parameters of the transient signals detected in the decameter survey of the Northern sky. Odessa Astronomical Publications. vol. 29, pp. 179–183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18524/1810-4215.2016.29.8521044. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., NIKOLAENKO, V. S., ULYANOV, O. M. and MOTIYENKO, R. A., 2007. A waveform receiver for continuous registration of fast processes in pulsar radio emission. In: 2007 International Kharkov Symposium Physics and Engrg. of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves (MSMW). vol. 2, pp. 745–747. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2007.429480045. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., NIKOLAENKO, V. S., ULYANOV, O. M. and MOTIYENKO, R. A., 2007. A High Time Resolution Receiver for Radio Emission Investigation. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. 2007. vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 233–241. (in Russian).46. ZAKHARENKO, V., KONOVALENKO, A., ZARKA, P., ULYANOV, O., SIDORCHUK, M., STEPKIN, S., KOLIADIN, V., KALINICHENKO, N., STANISLAVSKY, A., DOROVSKYY, V., SHEPELEV, V., BUBNOV, I., YERIN, S., MELNIK, V., KOVAL, A., SHEVCHUK, N., VASYLIEVA, I., MYLOSTNA, K., SHEVTSOVA, A., SKORYK, A., KRAVTSOV, I., VOLVACH, Y., PLAKHOV, M., VASILENKO, N., VASYLKIVSKYI, Y., VAVRIV, D., VINOGRADOV, V., KOZHIN, R., KRAVTSOV, A., BULAKH, E., KUZIN, A., VASILYEV, A., RYABOV, V., REZNICHENKO, A., BORTSOV,V., LISACHENKO, V., KVASOV, G., MUKHA, D., LITVINENKO, G., BRAZHENKO, A., VASHCHISHIN, R., PYLAEV, O., KOSHOVYY, V., LOZINSKY, A., IVANTYSHYN, O., RUCKER, H. O., PANCHENKO, M., FISCHER, G., LECACHEUX, A., DENIS, L., COFFRE, A. and GRIEßMEIER, J-M., 2016. Digital Receivers for Low-Frequency Radio Telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT. J. Astron. Instrum. vol. 5, no. 4, id. 1641010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S225117171641010547. KONOVALENKO, O. O., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., LYTVYNENKO, L. M., ULYANOV, O. M., SIDORCHUK, M. A., STEPKIN, S. V., SHEPELEV, V. A., ZARKA, P., RUCKER, H. O., LECACHEUX, A., PANCHENKO, M., BRUCK, YU. M., TOKARSKY, P. L., BUBNOV, I. M., YERIN, S. M., KOLIADIN, V. L., MELNIK, V. M., KALINICHENKO, M. M., STANISLAVSKY, O. O., DOROVSKYY, V. V., KHRISTENKO, O. D., SHEVCHENKO, V. V., BELOV, O. S., GRIDIN, A. O., ANTONOV, O. V., BOVKUN, V. P., REZNICHENKO, O. M., BORTSOV, V. M., KVASOV, G. V., OSTAPCHENKO, L. M., SHEVCHUK, M. V., SHEVCHENKO, V. A., YATSKIV, YA. S., VAVILOVA, I. B., BRAUDE, I. S., SHKURATOV, Y. G., RYABOV, V. B., PIDGORNY, G. I., TYMOSHEVSKY, A. G., LYTVYNENKO, O. O., GALANIN, V. V., RYABOV, M. I., BRAZHENKO, A. I., VASHCHISHIN, R. V., FRANTSUZENKO, A. V., KOSHOVYY, V. V., IVANTYSHYN, O. L., LOZINSKY, A. B., KHARCHENKO, B. S., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., KRAVTSOV, I. P., VASYLKIVSKY, Y. V., LITVINENKO, G. V., MUKHA, D. V., VASYLENKO, N. V., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., MIROSHNICHENKO, A. P., KUHAI, N. V., SOBOLEV, YA. M. and TSVYK, N. O., 2021. The Founder of the Decameter Radio Astronomy in Ukraine Academician of NAS of Ukraine Semen Yakovych Braude is 110 Years Old: History of Creation and Development of the National Experimental Base for the Last Half Century. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 5–73. (in Ukrainian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/rpra26.01.00548. BRAZHENKO, A. I., BULATSEN, V. G., VASHCHISHIN, R. V., FRANTSUZENKO, A. V., KONOVALENKO, A. A., FALKOVICH, I. S., ABRANIN, E. P., ULYANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., LECACHEUX, A. and RUCKER, H., 2005. New Decameter Radiopolarimeter URAN-2. Kinematika i fizika nebesnyh tel. vol. 21, no. 5 (suppl.), pp. 43–46.49. SHKURATOV, Y. G., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., STANISLAVSKY, A. A., BANNIKOVA, E. Y., KAYDASH, V. G., STANKEVICH, D. G., KOROKHIN, V. V., VAVRIV, D. M., GALUSHKO, V. G., YERIN, S. N., BUBNOV, I. N., TOKARSKY, P. L., ULYANOV, O. M., STEPKIN, S. V., LYTVYNENKO, L. N., YATSKIV, Y. S., VIDEEN, G., ZARKA, P. and RUCKER, H. O., 2018. Ukrainian mission to the Moon: How to and with what. Space Sci. Technol. vol 24, no. 1, pp. 3–30. (in Ukrainian). DOI: 0.15407/knit2018.01.00350. SHKURATOV, Y. G., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., STANISLAVSKY, A. A., BANNIKOVA, E. Y., KAYDASH, V. G., STANKEVICH, D. G., KOROKHIN, V. V., VAVRIV, D. M., GALUSHKO, V. G., YERIN, S. N., BUBNOV, I. N., TOKARSKY, P. L., ULYANOV, O. M., STEPKIN, S. V., LYTVYNENKO, L. N., YATSKIV, Y. S., VIDEEN, G., ZARKA, P. and RUCKER, H. O., 2019. A twofold mission to the moon: Objectives and payloads. Acta Astronaut. vol. 154, pp. 214–226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.03.03851. ZAKHARENKO, V., MYLOSTNA, C., KONOVALENKO, A., ZARKA, P., FISCHER, G., GRIEßMEIER, J-M., LITVINENKO, G., RUCKER, H., SIDORCHUK, M., RYABOV, B., VAVRIV, D., RYABOV, V., CECCONI, B., COFFRE, A., DENIS, L., FABRICE, C., PALLIER, L., SCHNEIDER, J., KOZHYN, R., VINOGRADOV, V., MUKHA, D., WEBER, R., SHEVCHENKO, V. and NIKOLAENKO, V., 2012. Ground-based and spacecraft observations of lightning activity on Saturn. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 61, is. 1, pp. 53–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.07.02152. KONOVALENKO, A. A., KALINICHENKO, N. N., RUCKER, H O., LECACHEUX, A., FISCHER, G., ZARKA, P., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., MYLOSTNA, K. Y., GRIEßMEIER, J.-M., ABRANIN, E. P., FALKOVICH, I. S., SIDORCHUK, K. M., KURTH, W. S., KAISER, M. L. and GURNETT, D. A., 2012. Earliest recorded ground-based decameter wavelength observations of Saturn’s lightning during the giant E-storm detected by Cassini spacecraft in early 2006. Icarus. vol. 224, is. 1, pp. 14–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.02453. KRAVTSOV, I. P., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., MYKHAILOVA, S. S., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., SKORYK, A. O., ZARKA, P. and KONOVALENKO, O. O., 2016. Search for Transient Signals in the data of Decameter Survey of the Northern Sky. Adv. Astron. Space Phys. vol. 6, is. 2, pp. 79–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/2227-1481.6.79-84 Purpose: The main most pronounced events, which occurred in the initial period of the pulsars’ study at the decameter wavelength range, are presented. The example of the main scientific problems, which were formulated at the very beginning of pulsar research, shows how the emphasis and priorities of these studies have been changing over time, which tasks have finally been solved, and which are still waiting to be solved. It is shown how the ongoing modernization of the UTR-2 radio telescope have allowed to acquire new qualities in astrophysical research being made with this radio telescope and to identify new scientific directions. The example of the cited references shows how the pulsar research efforts in Ukraine have been developed and how they were integrated into the world astrophysical research of these unique objects.The purpose of this work is to show the relationship between the past and the present on the example of pulsars for longer than a semi-centennial period and to show how the scientific problems that were formulated in the past, and which could not be solved under the then-existing technical conditions, were solved by the subsequent generations of researchers.Design/methodology/approach: The methods of comparison and historical parallels show how the low-frequency studies of pulsars have been developed and evolved almost from their discovery until now.Findings: It is shown how quantitative transformations and technical development, as well as non-standard scientific approaches, unhackneyed thought and international cooperation allow to solve complex radio astronomical problems related to the low-frequency studies of pulsars.Conclusions: The paper provides a historical overview of more than half a century-long radio astronomical studies of pulsars, having been and still being made at the decameter band using the UTR-2 radio telescope. The “old” and current priorities in pulsar research are given, and it is shown how qualitatively the technical parameters of back end facility and computer performance have been changed in studying the coherent pulsar radio emission nature.Key words: aberration; frequency band; pulse; interpulse; dispersion measure; rotation measure; plasma; pulsar; radio telescopeManuscript submitted 17.05.2021Radio phys. radio astron. 2021, 26(2): 130-147REFERENCES1. HEWISH, A., BELL, S. J., PILKINGTON, J. D. H., SCOTT, P. F. and COLLINS, R. A., 1968. Observation of a rapidly pulsating radio source. Nature. vol. 217, no. 5130, pp. 709–713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/217709a02. BRAUDE, S. YA., MEGN, A. V. and SODIN, L. G., 1978. Decameter wavelength radio telescope UTR-2. Antennas. Moscow, Russia: Svyaz’ Publ., no. 26, pp. 3–14. (in Russian).3. MEGN, A. V., SODIN, L. G., SHARYKIN, N. K., BRUCK, YU. M., MEL’YANOVSKY, P. A., INYUTIN, G. A. and GONCHAROV, N. Yu., 1978. Principles of construction and characteristics of antennas of the UTR-2 radio telescope. Antennas. Moscow, Russia: Svyaz’ Publ., no 26. pp. 15–57. (in Russian).4. BRUK, YU. M., 1970. Estimates of radio emission intensity of pulsars CP 0808 and CP 1133 at 25 MHz frequency. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1814–1817. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF010329905. BRUK, YU. M., 1970. Observation of the Radio Emission of the Pulsar NP 0532 at the Frequency 25 MHz. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1818–1826. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF010329916. COMELLA, J. M., CRAFT, H. D., LOVELACE, R. V. E., SUTTON, J. M. and TYLER, G. L., 1969. Crab Nebula Pulsar NP0532. Nature. vol. 221, pp. 453–454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/221453a07. CODE, A. D., 1970. The Possible Effects of Scattering of Pulsar Radiation. Astrophys. J. vol. 159, pp. L29–L34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/1804728. STAELIN, D. H. and SUTTON, J. M., 1970. Observed Shapes of Crab Nebula Radio Pulses. Nature. vol. 226, pp. 69–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/226069a09. POPOV, M. V., KUZ’MIN, A. D., UL’YANOV, O. M., DESHPANDE, A. A., ERSHOV, A. A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KONDRAT’EV, V. I., KOSTYUK, S. V., LOSOVSKII, B. YA. and SOGLASNOV, V. A., 2006. Instantaneous Radio Spectra of Giant Pulses from the Crab Pulsar from Decimeter to Decameter Wavelengths Astron. Rep. vol. 50, is. 7, pp. 562–568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377290607006710. ULYANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KONOVALENKO, O. O., LECACHEUX, A., ROSOLEN, C. and RUCKER, H. O., 2006. Detection of Individual Pulses from Pulsars B0809+74; B0834+06; B0943+10; B0950+08 and B1133+16 in the Decameter Wavelengths. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 113–133. (in Russian).11. ULYANOV, O. M., DESHPANDE, A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., ASGEKAR, A. and SHANKAR, U., 2007. Two-Frequency Observations of Six Pulsars Using UTR-2 and GEETEE Radio Telescopes. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 5–20. (in Russian).12. UL’YANOV, O. M. and ZAKHARENKO, V. V., 2012. Energy of anomalously intense pulsar pulses at decameter wavelengths. Astron. Rep. vol. 56, is. 6. pp. 417–429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377291206005413. ULYANOV, O. M., SKORYK, A. O., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., PLAKHOV, M. S. and ULYANOVA, O. O., 2016. Detection of the Fine Structure of the Pulsar J0953+0755 Radio Emission in the Decametre Wave Range. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 455, is. 1, pp. 150–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv217214. SKORYK, A. O., ULYANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., PLAKHOV, M. S. and KRAVTSOV, I. M., 2017. Fine Structure of Anomalously Intense Pulses of PSR J0814+7429 Radio Emission in the Decameter Range. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 93–111. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/rpra22.02.09315. ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., SKORYK, A. O., VASYLIEVA, I. Y. and PLAKHOV, M. S., 2018. Time and Polarization Radiation Characteristics of PSR J0242+6256 at the Decameter Wavelength Range. Kinemat. Phys. Celest. Bodies. vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 174–183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S088459131804006216. BRUCK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU. 1973.  Decametric Pulse Radioemission from PSR 0809, PSR 1133, and PSR 1919. Nat. Phys. Sci.  vol. 242, is. 117, pp. 58–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/physci242058a017. BRUK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1973. Methods and apparatus for observation of pulsars in the decameter wavelength range. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. vol. 16, pp. 1867–1870. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0103704318. BRUK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1973. Procedure and Equipment for Observation of Pulsars in the Decameter Range of Wavelengths. Radiophys. and Quantum Electron. vol. 16, is. 12, pp. 1450–1452. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0103704319. BRUCK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1977. The Interpulse Radio Emission of the Pulsar PSR 191+21 at the Frequencies 16.7–38 MHz. Astrophys. Space Sci. vol. 51, pp. 225–227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0064247420. BRUCK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1979. The Interpulse Emission Structure in Pulsars. Astron. Astrophys. vol. 80, pp. 170–173.21. BRUK, YU. M., DAVIES, J. G., KUZ’MIN, A. D., LYNE, A. G., MALOFEEV, V. M., ROWSON, B., USTIMENKO, B. YU. and SHITOV, YU. P., 1978. Radio-emission spectra of five pulsars in the 17–1420 MHz range. Sov. Astron. vol. 22, pp. 588–593.22. NOVIKOV, A. YU., POPOV, M. V., SOGLASNOV, V. A., BRUK, YU. M. and USTIMENKO, B. YU., 1984. Observations of pulsar PSR 0809+74 at a frequency of 25 MHz with a time resolution of 100 msec. Sov. Astron. vol. 28, is. 2, pp. 199–201.23. UL’YANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V. and BRUK, YU. M., 2008. The parameters of pulsar subpulse emission at decameter wavelengths. Astron. Rep. vol. 52, is. 11, pp. 917–924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377290811006124. SHITOV, YU. P., 1983. Period dependence of the spectrum and the phenomenon of twisting of the magnetic fields of pulsars. Sov. Astron. vol. 27, is. 3, pp. 314–321.25. DAVIES, J. G., LYNE, A. G., SMITH, F. G., IZVEKOVA, V. A., KUZMIN, A. D. and SHITOV, YU. P., 1984. The magnetic field structure of PSR 0809+74. Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc. vol. 211, is. 1, pp. 57–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/211.1.5726. SHITOV, YU. P., 1985. Pulsar radio polarization and the magnetic-field twist effect. Sov. Astron. vol. 29, is. 1, pp. 33–39.27. SHITOV, YU. P. and MALOFEEV, V. M., 1985. A superdispersion delay of the meter-wave pulses of PSR 0809+74. Sov. Astron. Lett. vol. 11, is. 1, pp. 39–42.28. SHITOV, YU. P., MALOFEEV, V. M. and IZVEKOVA, V. A., 1988. Superdispersion delay of low-frequency pulsar pulses. Sov. Astron. Lett. vol. 14, is. 3, pp. 181–185.29. ULYANOV, O. M., 1990. Aberration, retardation, and twist effects in pulsar radio emission observations. Kinematika i fizika nebesnyh tel. vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 63–67. (in Ukrainian).30. KONDRATIEV, V., 2012. New results from LOFAR. In: J. VAN LEEUWEN, ed. Neutron Stars and Pulsars: Challenges and Opportunities after 80 years. Proceedings IAU, Vol. 8, Symposium No. 291. pp 47–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S174392131202312531. RYABOV, B. P. and GERASIMOVA, N. N., 1990. Sporadic radio emission of Jupiter at decameter wavelength. Kiev, Ukraine: Naukova Dumka Publ. (in Russian).32. BOEV, A. G. and LUK’IANOV, M. IU., 1989. On the theory of Cherenkov’s radiation of plasma waves by the charge moving in the magnetoactive plasma. Ukrainskii Fizicheskii Zhurnal. vol. 34, is. 4, pp. 554–558. (in Russian).33. BOEV, A. G. and LUK’IANOV, M. IU., 1990. Mechanism of the decametric S-emission of Jupiter. Dopovidi Akademii Nauk Ukrains’koi RSR. Ser. A. pp. 52–55. (in Ukrainian).34. BRAUDE, S. YA. and BRUK, YU. M., 1980. The analogy between the decameter radio emission of pulsars and that of Jupiter. Sov. Astron. Lett. vol. 6, is. 3, pp. 166–168.35. BRUK, YU. M. and ZAKHARENKO, V. V., 1993. Broad-Band Compensation for Dynamic-Range Measurements by Intermodulation. Instrum. Exp. Tech. vol. 36, pp. 557–562.36. ABRANIN, E. P., BRUK, YU. M. and ZAKHARENKO, V. V., 1997. Structure and Parameters of New System of Antenna Applification of Radio Telescope UTR-2. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 95–102. (in Russian).37. ABRANIN, E. P., BRUCK, YU. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V. and KONOVALENKO, A. A., 2001. The New Preamplification System for the UTR-2 Radio Telescope. Exp. Astron. vol. 11, pp. 85–112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101110912828438. ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., MUKHA D. V. and SEREDKINA, A. A., 2013. Investigation of the Earth Ionosphere Using the Radio Emission of Pulsars. Baltic Astron. vol. 22, pp. 53–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/astro-2017-014739. ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I. and SKORYK, A. O., 2013. Polarization Sounding of Pulsar Magnetosphere. Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 159–168. (in Russian).40. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ULYANOV, O. M., SERYLAK, M., ZARKA, P., GRIEßMEIER, J.-M., COGNARD, I. and NIKOLAENKO, V. S., 2013. Detection of decametre-wavelength pulsed radio emission of 40 known pulsars. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 431, is. 4, pp. 3624–3641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt47041. VASYLIEVA, I. Y., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ZARKA, P., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I. and SKORYK, A. O., 2014. Decameter pulsar/transient survey of Northen sky. First results. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 197–205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/rpra19.03.19742. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., KRAVTSOV, I. P., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., MYKHAILOVA, S. S., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., SKORYK, A. O., ZARKA, P. and KONOVALENKO, O. O., 2015. Decameter Pulsars and Transients Survey of the Northern Sky. Status, First Results, Multiparametric Pipeline for Candidate Selection. Odessa Astronomical Publications. vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 252–255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18524/1810-4215.2015.28.7104743. KRAVTSOV, I. P., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., MYKHAILOVA, S. S., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I. and SKORYK, A. O., 2016. Parameters of the transient signals detected in the decameter survey of the Northern sky. Odessa Astronomical Publications. vol. 29, pp. 179–183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18524/1810-4215.2016.29.8521044. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., NIKOLAENKO, V. S., ULYANOV, O. M. and MOTIYENKO, R. A., 2007. A waveform receiver for continuous registration of fast processes in pulsar radio emission. In: 2007 International Kharkov Symposium Physics and Engrg. of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves (MSMW). vol. 2, pp. 745–747. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2007.429480045. ZAKHARENKO, V. V., NIKOLAENKO, V. S., ULYANOV, O. M. and MOTIYENKO, R. A., 2007. A High Time Resolution Receiver for Radio Emission Investigation. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. 2007. vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 233–241. (in Russian).46. ZAKHARENKO, V., KONOVALENKO, A., ZARKA, P., ULYANOV, O., SIDORCHUK, M., STEPKIN, S., KOLIADIN, V., KALINICHENKO, N., STANISLAVSKY, A., DOROVSKYY, V., SHEPELEV, V., BUBNOV, I., YERIN, S., MELNIK, V., KOVAL, A., SHEVCHUK, N., VASYLIEVA, I., MYLOSTNA, K., SHEVTSOVA, A., SKORYK, A., KRAVTSOV, I., VOLVACH, Y., PLAKHOV, M., VASILENKO, N., VASYLKIVSKYI, Y., VAVRIV, D., VINOGRADOV, V., KOZHIN, R., KRAVTSOV, A., BULAKH, E., KUZIN, A., VASILYEV, A., RYABOV, V., REZNICHENKO, A., BORTSOV,V., LISACHENKO, V., KVASOV, G., MUKHA, D., LITVINENKO, G., BRAZHENKO, A., VASHCHISHIN, R., PYLAEV, O., KOSHOVYY, V., LOZINSKY, A., IVANTYSHYN, O., RUCKER, H. O., PANCHENKO, M., FISCHER, G., LECACHEUX, A., DENIS, L., COFFRE, A. and GRIEßMEIER, J-M., 2016. Digital Receivers for Low-Frequency Radio Telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT. J. Astron. Instrum. vol. 5, no. 4, id. 1641010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S225117171641010547. KONOVALENKO, O. O., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., LYTVYNENKO, L. M., ULYANOV, O. M., SIDORCHUK, M. A., STEPKIN, S. V., SHEPELEV, V. A., ZARKA, P., RUCKER, H. O., LECACHEUX, A., PANCHENKO, M., BRUCK, YU. M., TOKARSKY, P. L., BUBNOV, I. M., YERIN, S. M., KOLIADIN, V. L., MELNIK, V. M., KALINICHENKO, M. M., STANISLAVSKY, O. O., DOROVSKYY, V. V., KHRISTENKO, O. D., SHEVCHENKO, V. V., BELOV, O. S., GRIDIN, A. O., ANTONOV, O. V., BOVKUN, V. P., REZNICHENKO, O. M., BORTSOV, V. M., KVASOV, G. V., OSTAPCHENKO, L. M., SHEVCHUK, M. V., SHEVCHENKO, V. A., YATSKIV, YA. S., VAVILOVA, I. B., BRAUDE, I. S., SHKURATOV, Y. G., RYABOV, V. B., PIDGORNY, G. I., TYMOSHEVSKY, A. G., LYTVYNENKO, O. O., GALANIN, V. V., RYABOV, M. I., BRAZHENKO, A. I., VASHCHISHIN, R. V., FRANTSUZENKO, A. V., KOSHOVYY, V. V., IVANTYSHYN, O. L., LOZINSKY, A. B., KHARCHENKO, B. S., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., KRAVTSOV, I. P., VASYLKIVSKY, Y. V., LITVINENKO, G. V., MUKHA, D. V., VASYLENKO, N. V., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., MIROSHNICHENKO, A. P., KUHAI, N. V., SOBOLEV, YA. M. and TSVYK, N. O., 2021. The Founder of the Decameter Radio Astronomy in Ukraine Academician of NAS of Ukraine Semen Yakovych Braude is 110 Years Old: History of Creation and Development of the National Experimental Base for the Last Half Century. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 5–73. (in Ukrainian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/rpra26.01.00548. BRAZHENKO, A. I., BULATSEN, V. G., VASHCHISHIN, R. V., FRANTSUZENKO, A. V., KONOVALENKO, A. A., FALKOVICH, I. S., ABRANIN, E. P., ULYANOV, O. M., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., LECACHEUX, A. and RUCKER, H., 2005. New Decameter Radiopolarimeter URAN-2. Kinematika i fizika nebesnyh tel. vol. 21, no. 5 (suppl.), pp. 43–46.49. SHKURATOV, Y. G., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., STANISLAVSKY, A. A., BANNIKOVA, E. Y., KAYDASH, V. G., STANKEVICH, D. G., KOROKHIN, V. V., VAVRIV, D. M., GALUSHKO, V. G., YERIN, S. N., BUBNOV, I. N., TOKARSKY, P. L., ULYANOV, O. M., STEPKIN, S. V., LYTVYNENKO, L. N., YATSKIV, Y. S., VIDEEN, G., ZARKA, P. and RUCKER, H. O., 2018. Ukrainian mission to the Moon: How to and with what. Space Sci. Technol. vol 24, no. 1, pp. 3–30. (in Ukrainian). DOI: 0.15407/knit2018.01.00350. SHKURATOV, Y. G., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., STANISLAVSKY, A. A., BANNIKOVA, E. Y., KAYDASH, V. G., STANKEVICH, D. G., KOROKHIN, V. V., VAVRIV, D. M., GALUSHKO, V. G., YERIN, S. N., BUBNOV, I. N., TOKARSKY, P. L., ULYANOV, O. M., STEPKIN, S. V., LYTVYNENKO, L. N., YATSKIV, Y. S., VIDEEN, G., ZARKA, P. and RUCKER, H. O., 2019. A twofold mission to the moon: Objectives and payloads. Acta Astronaut. vol. 154, pp. 214–226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.03.03851. ZAKHARENKO, V., MYLOSTNA, C., KONOVALENKO, A., ZARKA, P., FISCHER, G., GRIEßMEIER, J-M., LITVINENKO, G., RUCKER, H., SIDORCHUK, M., RYABOV, B., VAVRIV, D., RYABOV, V., CECCONI, B., COFFRE, A., DENIS, L., FABRICE, C., PALLIER, L., SCHNEIDER, J., KOZHYN, R., VINOGRADOV, V., MUKHA, D., WEBER, R., SHEVCHENKO, V. and NIKOLAENKO, V., 2012. Ground-based and spacecraft observations of lightning activity on Saturn. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 61, is. 1, pp. 53–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.07.02152. KONOVALENKO, A. A., KALINICHENKO, N. N., RUCKER, H O., LECACHEUX, A., FISCHER, G., ZARKA, P., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., MYLOSTNA, K. Y., GRIEßMEIER, J.-M., ABRANIN, E. P., FALKOVICH, I. S., SIDORCHUK, K. M., KURTH, W. S., KAISER, M. L. and GURNETT, D. A., 2012. Earliest recorded ground-based decameter wavelength observations of Saturn’s lightning during the giant E-storm detected by Cassini spacecraft in early 2006. Icarus. vol. 224, is. 1, pp. 14–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.02453. KRAVTSOV, I. P., ZAKHARENKO, V. V., VASYLIEVA, I. Y., MYKHAILOVA, S. S., ULYANOV, O. M., SHEVTSOVA, A. I., SKORYK, A. O., ZARKA, P. and KONOVALENKO, O. O., 2016. Search for Transient Signals in the data of Decameter Survey of the Northern Sky. Adv. Astron. Space Phys. vol. 6, is. 2, pp. 79–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/2227-1481.6.79-84 Предмет i мета роботи: Наведені основні найяскравіші події, які відбувались в початковий період дослідження пульсарів в декаметровому діапазоні. На прикладі головних наукових задач, сформульованих ще на початку цих досліджень, показано, як змінювались акценти та пріоритети досліджень з плином часу, які задачі врешті-решт були вирішені, а які все ще очікують на своє вирішення. Показано, як невпинна модернізація радіотелескопу УТР-2 дозволила набути нових якостей астрофізичним дослідженням, що проводяться на цьому радіотелескопі, та визначити в них нові наукові напрямки. На прикладі цитованих літературних посилань показано, як розвивались дослідження пульсарів в Україні і як вони інтегрувались в світові астрофізичні дослідження цих унікальних об’єктів.Мета цієї роботи – на прикладі дослідження пульсарів показати взаємозв’язок між минулим і сьогоденням на більш ніж півсторічному інтервалі часу та продемонструвати, як ті наукові задачі, що були сформульовані в минулому та які неможливо було розв’язати з тодішніми технічними умовами, були розв’язані наступними поколіннями дослідників.Методи і методологія: Методами порівнянь та історичних паралелей показано, як розвивались та еволюціонували низькочастотні дослідження пульсарів майже від їх відкриття аж дотепер.Результати: Показано, як кількісні перетворення і технічний розвиток, а також нестандартні наукові підходи, оригінальне мислення та міжнародна співпраця дозволяють вирішувати складні радіоастрономічні задачі, пов’язані з низькочастотними дослідженнями пульсарів.Висновки: Наведено історичний огляд понад півсторічних радіоастрономічних досліджень пульсарів, які проводилися та продовжують проводитися в декаметровому діапазоні за допомогою радіотелескопу УТР-2. Висвітлені “старі” та сучасні пріоритети в дослідженнях пульсарів і показано, як якісно змінились технічні параметри приймально-реєструвальної апаратури та комп’ютерні можливості, які були доступні в минулому, та ті, що використовуються зараз для вивчення природи когерентного радіовипромінювання пульсарів.Ключові слова: аберація; діапазон частот; імпульс; інтерімпульс; міра дисперсії; міра обертання; плазма; пульсар; радіотелескопManuscript submitted 17.05.2021Radio phys. radio astron. 2021, 26(2): 130-147СПИСОК ЛІТЕРАТУРИ1. Hewish A., Bell S. J., Pilkington J. D. H., Scott P. F., and Collins R. A. Observation of a rapidly pulsating radio source. Nature. 1968. Vol. 217, No. 5130. P. 709–713. DOI: 10.1038/217709a02. Брауде С. Я., Мень А. В., Содин Л. Г. Радиотелескоп декаметрового диапазона волн УТР-2. Антенны. Москва: Связь, 1978. Вып. 26. С. 3–14.3. Мень А. В., Содин Л. Г., Шарыкин Н. К., Брук Ю. М., Мельяновский П. А., Инютин Г. А., Гончаров Н. Ю. Принципы построения и характеристики антенн радиотелескопа УТР-2. Антенны. Москва: Связь, 1978. Вып. 26. С. 15–57.4. Bruk Yu. M. Estimates of radio emission intensity of pulsars CP 0808 and CP 1133 at 25 MHz frequency. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. 1970. Vol. 13, No. 12. P. 1814–1817. (in Russian).5. Bruk Yu. M. Observation of the Radio Emission of the Pulsar NP 0532 at the Frequency 25 MHz. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. 1970, Vol. 13, No. 12. P. 1818–1826, (in Russian).6. Comella J. M., Craft H. D.., Lovelace R. V. E., Sutton J. M., and Tyler G. L. Crab Nebula Pulsar NP0532. Nature. 1969. Vol. 221. P. 453–454. DOI: 10.1038/221453a07. Code A. D. The Possible Effects of Scattering of Pulsar Radiation. Astrophys. J. 1970. Vol. 159. P. L29–L34.8. Staelin D. H. and Sutton J. M. Observed Shapes of Crab Nebula Radio Pulses. Nature. 1970. Vol. 226. P. 69–70. DOI: 10.1038/226069a09. Popov M. V., Kuz’min A. D., Ul’yanov O. M., Deshpande A. A., Ershov A. A., Zakharenko V. V.,. Kondrat’ev V. I, Kostyuk S. V., Losovskii B. Ya., and Soglasnov V. A. Instantaneous Radio Spectra of Giant Pulses from the Crab Pulsar from Decimeter to Decameter Wavelengths Astron. Rep. 2006. Vol. 50, Is. 7. P. 562–568. DOI: 10.1134/S106377290607006710. Ульянов О. М., Захаренко В. В., Коноваленко А. А., Лекашо А., Розолен К., Рукер Х. О. Обнаружение индивидуальных импульсов пульсаров В0809+74; В0834+06; В0943+10; В0950+08; В1133+16 в декаметровом диапазоне волн. Радіофізика і радіоастрономія. 2006. Т. 11, № 2. С. 113–133.11. Ульянов О. М., Дешпанде А., Захаренко В. В., Асгекар А., Шанкар У. Двухчастотные наблюдения шести пульсаров с использованием УТР-2 и GEETEE радиотелескопов. Радіофізика і радіоастрономія. 2007. Т. 12, № 1. С. 5–20.12. Ul’yanov O. M. and Zakharenko V. V. Energy of anomalously intense pulsar pulses at decameter wavelengths. Astron. Rep. 2012. Vol. 56, Is. 6. P. 417–429. DOI: 10.1134/S106377291206005413. Ulyanov O. M., Skoryk A. O., Shevtsova A. I., Plakhov M. S., and Ulyanova O. O. Detection of the Fine Structure of the Pulsar J0953+0755 Radio Emission in the Decametre Wave Range. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2016. Vol. 455, Is. 1. P. 150–157. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv217214. Скорик А. А., Ульянов О. М., Захаренко В. В., Шевцова А. И., Васильева Я. Ю., Плахов М. С., Кравцов И. П. Тонкая структура аномально интенсивных импульсов пульсара J0814+7429 в декаметровом диапазоне. Радіофізика і радіоастрономія. 2017. T. 22, № 2. С. 93–111. DOI: 10.15407/rpra22.02.093.15. Ulyanov O. M., Shevtsova A. I., Zakharenko V. V., Skoryk A. O., Vasylieva I. Y., and Plakhov M. S. Time and Polarization Radiation Characteristics of PSR J0242+6256 at the Decameter Wavelength Range. Kinemat. Phys. Celest. Bodies. 2018. Vol. 34, No. 4. P. 174–183. DOI: 10.3103/S088459131804006216. Bruck Yu. M. and Ustimenko B. Yu. Decametric Pulse Radioemission from PSR 0809, PSR 1133, and PSR 1919. Nat. Phys. Sci. 1973. Vol. 242, Is. 117. P. 58–59. DOI: 10.1038/physci242058a017. Bruk Yu. M. and Ustimenko B. Yu. Methods and apparatus for observation of pulsars in the decameter wavelength range. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. 1973. Vol. 16. P. 1867–1870. (in Russian).18. Bruk Yu. M. and Ustimenko B. Yu. Procedure and Equipment for Observation of Pulsars in the Decameter Range of Wavelengths. Radiophys. and Quantum Electron. 1973. Vol. 16, Is. 12. P. 1450–1452. DOI: 10.1007/BF0103704319. Bruck Yu. M. and Ustimenko B. Yu. The Interpulse Radio Emission of the Pulsar PSR 191+21 at the Frequencies 16.7–38 MHz. Astrophys. Space Sci. 1977. Vol. 51. P. 225–227. DOI: 10.1007/BF0064247420. Bruck Yu. M. and Ustimenko B. Yu. The Interpulse Emission Structure in Pulsars. Astron. Astrophys. 1979. Vol. 80. P. 170–173.21. Bruk Yu. M., Davies J. G., Kuz’min A. D, Lyne A. G., Malofeev V. M., Rowson, B., Ustimenko, B. Yu., and Shitov Yu. P. Radio-emission spectra of five pulsars in the 17–1420 MHz range. Sov. Astron. 1978. Vol. 22. P. 588–593.22. Novikov A. Yu, Popov M. V., Soglasnov V. A., Bruk Yu. M., and Ustimenko, B. Yu. Observations of pulsar PSR 0809+74 at a frequency of 25 MHz with a time resolution of 100 msec. Sov. Astron. 1984. Vol. 28, Is. 2. P. 199–201.23. Ul’yanov O. M., Zakharenko V. V., and Bruk Yu. M. The parameters of pulsar subpulse emission at decameter wavelengths. Astron. Rep. 2008. Vol. 52, Is. 11. P. 917–924. DOI: 10.1134/S106377290811006124. Shitov Yu. P. Period dependence of the spectrum and the phenomenon of twisting of the magnetic fields of pulsars. Sov. Astron. 1983. Vol. 27, Is. 3. P. 314–321.25. Davies J. G., Lyne A. G., Smith F. G., Izvekova V. A., Kuzmin A. D., and Shitov Yu. P. The magnetic field structure of PSR 0809+74. Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc. 1984. Vol. 211, Is. 1. P. 57–68. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/211.1.5726. Shitov Yu. P. Pulsar radio polarization and the magnetic-field twist effect. Sov. Astron. 1985. Vol. 29, Is. 1. P. 33–39.27. Shitov Yu. P. and Malofeev V. M. A superdispersion delay of the meter-wave pulses of PSR 0809+74. Sov. Astron. Lett. 1985. Vol. 11, Is. 1. P. 39–42.28. Shitov Yu. P., Malofeev V. M., and Izvekova V. A. Superdispersion delay of low-frequency pulsar pulses. Sov. Astron. Lett. 1988. Vol. 14, Is. 3. P. 181–185.29. Ульянов О. М. Ефекти аберації, ретардації і скручування при спостереженні радіовипромінювання пульсарів. Кінематика і фізика небесних тіл. 1990. Т. 6, № 4. C. 63–67.30. Kondratiev V. New results from LOFAR. In: J. van Leeuwen, ed. Neutron Stars and Pulsars: Challenges and Opportunities after 80 years. Proceedings IAU, Vol. 8, Symposium No. 291. 2012. P. 47–52. DOI: 10.1017/S174392131202312531. Рябов Б. П., Герасимова Н. Н. Декаметровое спародическое радиоизлучение Юпитера. Киев: Наукова Думка, 1990. 236 с.32. Боев А. Г., Лукьянов М. Ю. К теории черенковского излучения плазменных волн зарядом, движущимся в магнитоактивной плазме. Украинский физический унал. 1989. Т. 34, № 4. С. 554–558.33. Boev A. G. and Luk’ianov M. Iu. Mechanism of the decametric S-emission of Jupiter. Dopovidi Akademii Nauk Ukrains’koi RSR. Ser. A. 1990. P. 52–55. (in Ukrainian).34. Braude S. Ya. and Bruk Yu. M. The analogy between the decameter radio emission of pulsars and that of Jupiter. Sov. Astron. Lett. 1980. Vol. 6, Is. 3. P. 166–168.35. Bruk Yu. M. and Zakharenko V. V. Broad-Band Compensation for Dynamic-Range Measurements by Intermodulation. Instrum. Exp. Tech. 1993. Vol 36. P. 557–562.36. Абранин Э. П., Брук Ю. М., Захаренко В. В., Коноваленко А. А. Структура и параметры новой системы антенного усиления радиотелескопа УТР-2. Радіофізика і радіоастрономія. 1997. Т. 2, № 1. С. 95–102.37. Abranin E. P., Bruck Yu. M., Zakharenko V. V., and Konovalenko A. A. The New Preamplification System for the UTR-2 Radio Telescope. Exp. Astron. 2001. Vol. 11. P. 85–112. DOI: 10.1023/A:101110912828438. Ulyanov O. M., Shevtsova A. I., Mukha D. V., and Seredkina A. A. Investigation of the Earth Ionosphere Using the Radio Emission of Pulsars. Baltic Astron. 2013. Vol. 22. P. 53–65.39. Ульянов О. М., Шевцова А. И., Скорик А. О. Поляризационное зондирование магнитосферы пульсаров. Известия Крымской астрофизической обсерватории. 2013. Т. 109, № 4. С. 159–168.40. Zakharenko V. V., Vasylieva I. Y., Konovalenko A. A., Ulyanov O. M., Serylak M., Zarka P., Grießmeier J.-M., Cognard I., and Nikolaenko V. S. Detection of decametre-wavelength pulsed radio emission of 40 known pulsars. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2013. Vol. 431, Is. 4. P. 3624–3641. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stt47041. Vasylieva I. Y., Zakharenko V. V., Konovalenko A. A., Zarka P., Ulyanov O. M., Shevtsova A. I., and Skoryk A. O. Decameter pulsar/transient survey of Northen sky. First results. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. 2014. Vol. 19, No. 3. P. 197–205. DOI: 10.15407/rpra19.03.19742. Zakharenko V. V., Kravtsov I. P., Vasylieva I. Y., Mykhailova S. S., Ulyanov O. M., Shevtsova A. I., Skoryk A. O., Zarka P., and Konovalenko O. O. Decameter Pulsars and Transients Survey of the Northern Sky. Status, First Results, Multiparametric Pipeline for Candidate Selection. Odessa Astronomical Publications. 2015. Vol. 28, No. 2. P. 252–255. DOI: 10.18524/1810-4215.2015.28.7104743. Kravtsov I. P., Zakharenko V. V., Vasylieva I. Y., Mykhailova S. S., Ulyanov O. M., Shevtsova A. I., and Skoryk A. O. Parameters of the transient signals detected in the decameter survey of the Northern sky. Odessa Astronomical Publications. 2016. Vol. 29. P. 179–183. DOI: 10.18524/1810-4215.2016.29.8521044. Zakharenko V V., Nikolaenko V. S., Ulyanov O. M., and Motiyenko R. A. A waveform receiver for continuous registration of fast processes in pulsar radio emission. In: 2007 International Kharkov Symposium Physics and Engrg. of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves (MSMW). 2007. Vol. 2. P. 745–747. DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2007.429480045. Захаренко В. В., Николаенко В. С., Ульянов О. М., Мотиенко Р. А. Приемник с высоким временным разрешением для исследования радиоизлучения. Радіофізика і радіоастрономія. 2007. Т. 12, № 3. С. 233–241.46. Zakharenko V., Konovalenko A., Zarka P., Ulyanov O., Sidorchuk M., Stepkin S., Koliadin V., Kalinichenko N., Stanislavsky A., Dorovskyy V., Shepelev V., Bubnov I., Yerin S., Melnik V., Koval A., Shevchuk N., Vasylieva I., Mylostna K., Shevtsova A., Skoryk A., Kravtsov I., Volvach Y., Plakhov M., Vasilenko N., Vasylkivskyi Y., Vavriv D., Vinogradov V., Kozhin R., Kravtsov A., Bulakh E., Kuzin A., Vasilyev A., Ryabov V., Reznichenko A., Bortsov V., Lisachenko V., Kvasov G., Mukha D., Litvinenko G., Brazhenko A., Vashchishin R., Pylaev O., Koshovyy V., Lozinsky A., Ivantyshyn O., Rucker H. O., Panchenko M., Fischer G., Lecacheux A., Denis L., Coffre A., and Grießmeier J-M. Digital Receivers for Low-Frequency Radio Telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT. J. Astron. Instrum. 2016. Vol. 5, No. 4. id. 1641010. DOI: 10.1142/S225117171641010547. Коноваленко О. О., Захаренко В. В., Литвиненко Л. М., Ульянов О. М., Сидорчук М. А., Стьопкін С. В., Шепелєв В. О., Зарка Ф., Рукер Г. О., Лекашо А., Панченко М., Брук Ю. М., Токарський П. Л., Бубнов І. М., Єрін С. М., Колядін В. Л., Мельник В. М., Калініченко М. М., Станіславський О. О., Доровський В. В., Христенко О. Д., Шевченко В. В., О. С. Бєлов, Грідін А. О., Антонов О. В., Бовкун В. П., Резніченко О. М., Борцов В. М., Квасов Г. В., Остапченко Л. М., Шевчук М. B., Шевченко В. А., Яцків Я. С., Вавілова І. Б., І. С. Брауде, Шкуратов Ю. Г., Рябов В. Б., Підгорний Г. І., Тимошевський А. Г., Литвиненко О. О., Галанін В. В., Рябов М. І., А. І. Браженко, Ващишин Р. В., Французенко А. В., Кошовий В. В., Івантишин О. Л., Лозінський А. Б., Харченко Б. С., Васильева Я. Ю., Кравцов І. П., Васильківський Є. В., Литвиненко Г. В., Муха Д. В., Василенко Н. В., Шевцова А. І., Мірошніченко А. П., Кугай Н. Н., Соболєв Я. M., Цвик Н. O. Засновнику декаметрової радіоастрономії в Україні академіку НАН України Семену Яковичу Брауде 110 років: Історія створення та розвитку вітчизняної експериментальної бази впродовж останнього півстоліття. Радіофізика і радіоастрономія. 2021. Т. 26, № 1. С. 5–73. DOI: 10.15407/rpra26.01.00548. Brazhenko A. I., Bulatsen V. G., Vashchishin R. V., Frantsuzenko A. V., Konovalenko A. A., Falkovich I. S., Abranin E. P., Ulyanov O. M., Zakharenko V. V., Lecacheux A., and Rucker H. New Decameter Radiopolarimeter URAN-2. Кинематика и физика небесных тел. 2005. Т. 21, № 5 (додаток). С. 43–46.49. Шкуратов Ю. Г., Коноваленко О. О., Захаренко В. В., Станіславський О. О., Баннікова О. Ю., Кайдаш В. Г., Станкевич Д. Г., Корохін В. В., Ваврів Д. М., Галушко В. Г., Єрін С. М., Бубнов І. М., Токарський П. Л., Ульянов О. М., Степкін С. В., Литвиненко Л. М., Яцків Я. С., Вайдін Г., Зарка Ф., Рукер Х. О. Українська місія на Місяць: цілі та корисне навантаження. Космічна наука і технологія. 2018. Т. 24. № 1. С. 3–30. DOI: 0.15407/knit2018.01.00350. Shkuratov Y. G., Konovalenko A. A., Zakharenko V. V., Stanislavsky A. A., Bannikova E. Y., Kaydash V. G., Stankevich D. G., Korokhin V. V., Vavriv D. M., Galushko V. G., Yerin S. N., Bubnov I. N., Tokarsky P. L., Ulyanov O. M., Stepkin S. V., Lytvynenko L. N., Yatskiv Y. S., Videen G., Zarka P., and Rucker H. O. A twofold mission to the moon: Objectives and payloads. Acta Astronaut. 2019. Vol. 154. P. 214–226. DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.03.03851. Zakharenko V., Mylostna C., Konovalenko A., Zarka P., Fischer G., Grießmeier J-M., Litvinenko G., Rucker H., Sidorchuk M., Ryabov B., Vavriv D., Ryabov V., Cecconi B., Coffre A., Denis L., Fabrice C., Pallier L., Schneider J., Kozhyn R., Vinogradov V., Mukha D., Weber R., Shevchenko V., and Nikolaenko V. Ground-based and spacecraft observations of lightning activity on Saturn. Planet. Space Sci. 2012. Vol. 61, Is. 1. P. 53–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2011.07.02152. Konovalenko A. A., Kalinichenko N. N., Rucker H O., Lecacheux A., Fischer G., Zarka P., Zakharenko V. V., Mylostna K. Y., Grießmeier J.-M., Abranin E. P., Falkovich I. S., Sidorchuk K. M., Kurth W. S., Kaiser M. L., and Gurnett D. A. Earliest recorded ground-based decameter wavelength observations of Saturn’s lightning during the giant E-storm detected by Cassini spacecraft in early 2006. Icarus. 2012. Vol. 224, Is. 1. P. 14–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.02453. Kravtsov I. P., Zakharenko V. V., Vasylieva I. Y., Mykhailova S. S., Ulyanov O. M., Shevtsova A. I., Skoryk A. O., Zarka P., and Konovalenko O. O. Search for Transient Signals in the data of Decameter Survey of the Northern Sky. Adv. Astron. Space Phys. 2016. Vol. 6, Is. 2. P. 79–84. DOI: 10.17721/2227-148 Видавничий дім «Академперіодика» 2021-06-22 Article Article application/pdf http://rpra-journal.org.ua/index.php/ra/article/view/1355 10.15407/rpra26.02.130 РАДИОФИЗИКА И РАДИОАСТРОНОМИЯ; Vol 26, No 2 (2021); 130 RADIO PHYSICS AND RADIO ASTRONOMY; Vol 26, No 2 (2021); 130 РАДІОФІЗИКА І РАДІОАСТРОНОМІЯ; Vol 26, No 2 (2021); 130 2415-7007 1027-9636 10.15407/rpra26.02 rus http://rpra-journal.org.ua/index.php/ra/article/view/1355/pdf Copyright (c) 2021 RADIO PHYSICS AND RADIO ASTRONOMY

Ähnliche Einträge