Розробка та моделювання високоточного MPPT-контролера для тонкоплівкових сонячних елементів
The paper presents circuit implementations of a high-precision MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller adapted to operate with small samples of thin-film solar cells based on cadmium telluride (CdTe). The implemented circuit showed high stability during experimental studies and can operate wi...
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Technology and design in electronic equipment| _version_ | 1867750867079266304 |
|---|---|
| author | Fedenko, Vitalii Dzundza, Bogdan |
| author_facet | Fedenko, Vitalii Dzundza, Bogdan |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Vitalii Fedenko",
"institution": "Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Bogdan Dzundza",
"institution": "Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine"
}
] |
| author_sort | Fedenko, Vitalii |
| baseUrl_str | https://www.tkea.com.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-06-11T12:18:26Z |
| description | The paper presents circuit implementations of a high-precision MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller adapted to operate with small samples of thin-film solar cells based on cadmium telluride (CdTe). The implemented circuit showed high stability during experimental studies and can operate with currents from 1 μA to 3 A. The effectiveness of the selected maximum power point tracking algorithm was evaluated using a simulation model based on the pvlib library, which operates on the basis of the five-parameter De Soto model and the MPP incremental conductance tracking algorithm with specified parameters. The simulation results show a tracking efficiency of 97.88% over the year and 99.83% over the day, which ensures high efficiency considering the very low output power levels of thin-film photovoltaic cells. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15222/TKEA2025.3-4.40 |
| first_indexed | 2026-02-08T08:09:52Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Teсhnology and design in electronic equipment, 2025, N 3 – 440 ISSN 3083-6530 (Print)
ISSN 3083-6549 (Online)
1
FUNCTIONAL MICRO- AND NANOELECTRONICS
UDC 621.383
DEVELOPMENT AND SIMULATION OF A HIGH-PRECISION
MPPT CONTROLLER FOR THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS
Solar photovoltaic energy converters play a leading
role among renewable energy sources. The rapid
development and improved efficiency of photovoltaic
cells have led to the widespread adoption of this
technology in various areas of energy supply. The
operating principle of a photovoltaic cell is the generation
of charge carriers in a semiconductor under illumination,
their separation by the internal electric field, and their
transport to the contacts. To date, most photovoltaic
cells have been fabricated from silicon p – n junctions,
which have become widespread due to the high level
of manufacturing of silicon technology. However, the
production of such panels requires relatively thick silicon
wafers and significant energy consumption. In recent
years, researchers have focused on second-generation
thin-film photovoltaic (PV) cells, which can provide
efficient absorption of solar radiation while using a
significantly thinner absorber layer [1], [2]. An important
part of PV system is the maximum power point (MPP)
tracking controller, which enables the extraction of
maximum available power under variable operating
conditions, such as changes in irradiance and temperature,
soiling of the module surface, or partial shading. The
MPP tracking (MPPT) is one of the key technologies
used to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic systems.
The operating principle of an MPPT controller is based
on continuously varying the effective load seen by the
PV module so that the operating point is shifted toward
the condition where the product of voltage and current
is maximized. To achieve this, the MPPT controller
measures the voltage and current of the PV module,
determines the MPP, and adjusts the operating point
until maximum power is obtained [3]. A wide variety of
MPPT algorithms has been developed [4], [5], including
The paper presents circuit implementations of a high-precision MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller adapted
to operate with small samples of thin-film solar cells based on cadmium telluride (CdTe). The implemented circuit showed
high stability during experimental studies and can operate with currents from 1 μA to 3 A. The effectiveness of the selected
maximum power point tracking algorithm was evaluated using a simulation model based on the pvlib library, which operates
on the basis of the five-parameter De Soto model and the MPP incremental conductance tracking algorithm with specified
parameters. The simulation results show a tracking efficiency of 97.88% over the year and 99.83% over the day, which ensures
high efficiency considering the very low output power levels of thin-film photovoltaic cells.
Keywords: MPPT controller, thin-film solar cell, CdTe solar cell, renewable energy, highly sensitive sensors.
perturb and observe (P&O), incremental conductance
(InC), current sweep (CS), fuzzy logic controller (FLC),
fractional open-circuit voltage, fractional short-circuit
current, artificial neural network, and others.
Literature Review
In [6], an improved maximum power point tracking
method for photovoltaic systems under partial shading
conditions is proposed. A key feature of this approach is
the detection of partial shading, achieved by combining
the popular P&O tracking method with a dedicated
subroutine that searches for the global maximum power
point through analysis of individual module voltages. The
authors evaluated the effectiveness of the method using
simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink environment
and experimental tests, and showed that the proposed
technique reduces energy losses compared with classical
methods operating under partial shading conditions.
The study [7] describes a new adaptive MPPT
controller for photovoltaic systems based on the model
reference adaptive control method, which enables fast
and accurate tracking of the maximum power point by
minimizing the error between the PV system output and
a reference model, thereby eliminating the oscillations
typical of classical P&O and InC controllers. As
reported, the proposed controller achieves an average
tracking accuracy of 99.77% and 99.69% under different
irradiance and temperature levels, as well as an extremely
fast MPP search time of about 3.6 ms.
The article [8] describes a combined approach to
improving the efficiency of photovoltaic systems by
integrating FLC maximum power point tracking with
PI control for stabilizing battery charging parameters.
In the proposed scheme, a boost converter is driven
DOI: 10.15222/TKEA2025.3-4.??
Vitalii FEDENKO, Bogdan DZUNDZA
Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk, Vasyl Stefanyk Сarpathian National University
E-mail: vitalii.fedenkoj@gmail.com
DOI: 10.15222/TKEA2025.3-4.40
Teсhnology and design in electronic equipment, 2025, N 3 – 4 41ISSN 3083-6530 (Print)
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FUNCTIONAL MICRO- AND NANOELECTRONICS
by the FLC-based MPPT controller, which operates
without the need for precise system parameters and
ensures a fast response to variations in irradiance and
temperature. At the second stage, a buck converter with
a PI controller is used to maintain a constant charging
voltage of approximately 15 V and a current of about
2.93 A, thereby minimizing losses during charging and
extending the battery lifetime. Simulation results in
MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate a tracking efficiency
of 94.8 – 99.4% under different operating conditions
(700 – 1000 W/m², 25 – 60°C) and stable output
parameters at the load.
In [9], two maximum power point tracking methods
for stand-alone photovoltaic systems are investigated:
P&O and FLC. The verification is carried out in the
Simulink environment using a boost converter, and their
performance is evaluated under different irradiance and
temperature levels. It is reported that the FLC provides
a faster dynamic response and is able to maintain the
operating point closer to the MPP, exhibiting smaller
output power oscillations and better stability compared to
P&O. The authors conclude that although P&O is simple to
implement, the use of FLC is a promising approach due to
its higher efficiency and more stable control of PV systems.
Despite numerous studies focused on the development
and enhancement of modern MPPT controllers, the of
adapting MPPT controller circuits with dynamically
adjustable loads for laboratory-fabricated thin-film
photovoltaic cells with ultra-low output power remain
unresolved. In addition, insufficient attention has been
paid to the development of circuit design solutions
capable of providing maximum power tracking for
different types of PV samples, taking into account the
diversity of materials and compounds used to fabricate
solar cells, as well as the power range from ultra-low-
power devices to medium-power samples.
Purpose of the Study
The aim of this study is to develop and check the
operation of an MPPT controller circuit capable of
operating with experimentally fabricated thin-film solar
cells, in particular CdTe-based devices, and to carry out
computer simulations of the MPPT controller operating
with low-power solar cells.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to address the
following tasks:
— to develop the concept of a high-precision MPPT
controller capable of ensuring high operational stability
and operating over a wide voltage range of photovoltaic
cells, starting from several tens of millivolts;
— to analyze the algorithms used for maximum
power point tracking and select an algorithm that will
perform well at low voltages;
— based on the Python programming language and
available libraries, develop a simulation model that will
allow the operation of the system to be simulated over
an extended period of time.
Methods
For maximum power point tracking in this work, InC
method is used. As shown in Fig. 1, it is based on the
maximum power condition dP/dV = 0. Compared with the
popular P&O method, its advantages include the ability
to determine when the MPP has been reached, a fast
response to changes in irradiance and temperature, and
reduced oscillations around the MPP, resulting in higher
efficiency [10]. The main equations of the method can
be described in the form of [11]:
0, to the left of MPPT;
d 0, at MPPT;
d
0, to the right of MPPT.
if
P if
V
if
ì >ïïïï =íïïï <ïî
(1)
Since the power of a photovoltaic cell depends
simultaneously on both voltage and current, the change in
power with respect to voltage takes into account both the
current itself and the rate of its change, and is computed
using the product rule
d d( ) d
d d d
P VI II V
V V V
= = + . (2)
Based on these equations, InC method for determining
the maximum power point uses the following relationship
when ∆V = 0:
Δ
Δ
I I
V V
=- . (3)
It should be noted that ∆I = In – In–1, ∆V = Vn – Vn–1
are the discrete current and voltage values measured by
the microcontroller between two consecutive sampling
cycles.
The operation of the circuit shown in Fig. 2 is based
on a high-performance STM32G474 microcontroller,
which controls the load according to the selected
algorithm. The load for the solar cell under test is
implemented by transistor Q1, which, together with
the MCP617 operational amplifier, forms a software-
controlled precision current regulator. Transistors
Q2…Q6 and resistors R2…R6 form a switched
shunt, the signal from which is fed to the internal
operational amplifier and ADC of the microcontroller
with a reference voltage of 2.5 V. The operational
amplifier is driven by the STM32’s integrated 12-bit
DAC. Additionally, the circuit provides the option to
connect resistor R8 to ground via Q7, thereby creating a
controllable voltage divider for adjusting the operating
range and improving step resolution (accuracy) within
the selected range.
To simulate the operation of the InC method, a custom
Python-based model was developed using the pvlib
library [12]. The library computes the I–V characteristic
of the solar cell using the De Soto model, also known
as the five-parameter model, as a function of the cell
Teсhnology and design in electronic equipment, 2025, N 3 – 442 ISSN 3083-6530 (Print)
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FUNCTIONAL MICRO- AND NANOELECTRONICS
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the Incremental Conductance method
Start
Measure In & Un
No Yes
∆I = In – In–1,
∆V = Vn – Vn–1
∆V = 0
No YesYes No
Yes Yes
No No
Increase
operational
voltage
Increase
operational
voltage
Decrease
operational
voltage
Decrease
operational
voltage
Return
ΔI/ΔV = –I/V
ΔI/ΔV > –I/V
In – In–1 = 0
∆I > 0
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the MPPT controller
Teсhnology and design in electronic equipment, 2025, N 3 – 4 43ISSN 3083-6530 (Print)
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FUNCTIONAL MICRO- AND NANOELECTRONICS
temperature Tc and the total absorbed irradiance S, and
includes [13] the photocurrent equation
,ref sc c c,ref
ref ref
( )L L I
S MI I a T T
S M
é ù= + -ë û , (4)
where M/Mref =1 in the absence of spectral;
Sref is the irradiance of the solar cell under STC;
aIsc is the temperature coefficient of the short-circuit current;
Tc,ref is the solar cell temperature under STC.
The diode saturation current for a CdTe-based
photovoltaic cell is determined in accordance with [14]
3
g,ref g cc
0 0,ref
c,ref eV c,ref eV c
( )
exp
E E TTI I
T k T k T
é ùæ ö æ ö÷ ÷ç çê ú÷ ÷ç ç= -÷ ÷ê úç ç÷ ÷÷ ÷ç çè ø è øê úë û
, (5)
where I0,ref is the saturation current at Tc,ref;
Tс is the cell temperature;
Tс,ref is the reference cell temperature;
Eg,ref is the CdTe bandgap energy at Tс,ref;
Eg(Tc) is the CdTe bandgap energy at the temperature Tс;
keV = 8.617333262‧10–5 eV/K.
Series resistance Rs, parallel shunt Rsh(S) and bandgap
energy Eg(Tc) are determined in accordance with
Rs = const; (6)
Rsh(S) = Rsh,ref ·Sref / S; (7)
Eg(Tc) = Eg(Tref )[1 – 0.0002677(Tc – Tref)]. (8)
It is also assumed that the diode ideality factor n is
constant. Short-circuit current Isc,ref as a function of the
sample area А:
Isc,ref = Jsc,ref ‧A, (9)
where Jsc,ref is the short-circuit current density under STC.
The value of IL,ref represents the light-generated
current under STC and is assumed to be approximately
equal to IL,ref ≈ Isc,ref .
The thermal voltage is given by [15]:
VT = kev Tc (10)
Complete equation of the single-diode model [16]:
s s
0
s sh
exp 1L
T
V IR V IRI I I
nN V R
é ùæ ö+ +÷çê ú÷= - - -ç ÷ê úç ÷çè øê úë û
, (11)
where Ns is the number of series-connected cells.
Exponential parameter:
a(T) = n NsVT. (12)
Limits of the curve:
oc
0
ꞏln 1LIV a
I
æ ö÷ç ÷» +ç ÷ç ÷çè ø
; (13)
Isc ≈ IL. (14)
Power and P – V characteristic:
P(V) = V·I(V). (15)
Analytical determination of Vmpp, Impp:
d d0
d d
P I I
V V V
= =- . (16)
Calculation of the I–V curve fill factor:
mpp mpp
oc sc
V I
FF
V I
= . (17)
To obtain data on the variation of solar irradiance
and temperature throughout the day, the model uses
data from the open National Solar Radiation Database
(NSRDB) provided by NREL (USA) [16]. The NSRDB
dataset Prime Meridian: Africa and Europe, derived from
images of the Meteosat geostationary satellites, provides
irradiance and temperature data with a 15-minute
temporal resolution and includes records for the year
2022.
Results and Discussion
To evaluate the stability of the circuit operation
and the dynamic response of the current regulator, the
regulator’s response to a triangle-wave input signal (Fig. 3)
and to a square-wave input signal (Fig. 4) at different
frequencies was investigated.
At frequencies above 10 kHz, slight signal distortion
is observed, but this does not effect of the operation MPPT
controller, since the operating frequency of the algorithm
is significantly lower. The oscillograms obtained indicate
an increase in delay between the generator control signal
and the shunt current signal as the shunt resistance is
reduced, amounting to 28 µs for a 1000 Ω shunt; 40 µs
for a 100 Ω shunt and 48 µs for a 1 Ω shunt.
Since a few hertz are sufficient for the MPPT
algorithm to operate due to the smooth change in
illumination, the obtained result confirms the high
stability of the circuit and ensures the fast operation of
the MPPT controller.
The parameters of the CdS/CdTe/Cu/Au (see the
Тable) thin films were determined based on the results
reported by the authors of [17] for a CdTe absorber
thickness of 3 μm.
For the simulations, irradiance and temperature data
from Ivano-Frankivsk were used, which made it possible
to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm under
operating conditions typical of the western region of
Ukraine. The model settings were chosen for operation
with very small-area photovoltaic converter samples
and the correspondingly low open-circuit voltage Voc.
The voltage perturbation step ∆V is defined as a relative
fraction of Voc equal to 0.2% with a hard lower bound
of 0.002 V, which ensures correct algorithm operation
at very low Voc values, since a smaller step would be
inappropriate and uninformative. The deadband is set
to 0.3% of the actual power change. In addition, the
operating voltage range is limited to Vlow = 0.05Voc and
Vhigh = 0.98Voc, and the operating point is initialized
Teсhnology and design in electronic equipment, 2025, N 3 – 444 ISSN 3083-6530 (Print)
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5
FUNCTIONAL MICRO- AND NANOELECTRONICS
after night-time or data errors at Vop = 0.7Voc, to improve
model stability. The results of the year-long algorithm
simulation are presented in Fig 5.
The year-long simulation plots are presented with
power integrated over each day, on the basis of which
the annual energy yield and the annual maximum power
point tracking efficiency were obtained.
To evaluate the performance of the model over a short
time interval, a one-day simulation was carried out; as
an example, irradiance and temperature data for May 30,
2022 from the NSRDB were used. In the daily plot in
Fig. 6, the time dependences of the calculated power
at the ideal maximum power point and the operating
efficiency of the InC algorithm are shown.
Fig. 3. Current oscillogram (shunt signal — upper curve)
during variation of the triangular reference signal (lower
curve) at a frequency of 1 kHz (a) and 10 kHz (b) for the shunt
resistance is 100 Ω
a)
b)
Fig. 4. Current oscillogram (shunt signal — upper curve) during
variation of the square-wave reference signal (lower curve) at
a frequency of 1 kHz for the shunt resistance is 1000 Ω (a)
and 100 Ω (b)
a)
b)
Parameters of CdS/CdTe/Cu/Au films according to data [17]
Voc, mV Jsc, mA/cm2 Rs, Ohm‧cm2 Rsh, Ohm‧cm2 J0, A/cm2 Jph, mA/cm2 n
682 20.8 7.4 127 1.6‧10-6 21.0 2.7
Fig. 5. Simulation results of the MPPT algorithm for one year:
a — ideal calculated daily energy at the MPP; b — daily MPP-
tracking efficiency of the InC algorithm
a)
2022 Mar May Jul Sep Nov 2023
Date
En
er
gy
, W
h 0.015
0.010
0.005
0
b)
Tr
ac
ki
ng
effi
ci
en
cy
, % 100
96
92
2022 Mar May Jul Sep Nov 2023
Date
Fig. 6. Simulation results of the MPPT algorithm for one day:
a — ideal calculated instantaneous power at the MPP;
b — instantaneous MPP-tracking efficiency of the InC algorithm
a)
06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00
Time
Po
w
er
, W
0.015
0.010
0.005
0
b)
100
98
96
06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00
Time
Tr
ac
ki
ng
effi
ci
en
cy
, %
Teсhnology and design in electronic equipment, 2025, N 3 – 4 45ISSN 3083-6530 (Print)
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6
FUNCTIONAL MICRO- AND NANOELECTRONICS
To calculate the maximum power point tracking
efficiency, equation (18) is applied:
op,
true,mp,
Δ
η 100%
Δ
k k
k k
P t
P t
= å
å
, (18)
where Pop,k is the power delivered by the system at the
operating voltage set by the algorithm at time step k;
Ptrue,mp,k is the “true” power at the MPP at time step k;
∆tk is the duration of the time interval between
measurements.
The obtained results with the specified settings show
a maximum power point tracking efficiency of 97.88%
over a one-year period and 99.83% over a single day,
which is a good result given the low output power of the
CdTe-based photovoltaic samples.
Conclusion
The implemented MPPT controller circuit based
on a modern STM32G474 microcontroller made it
possible to design a setup adapted to the fabricated
laboratory samples of photovoltaic cells, with a voltage
measurement resolution of approximately 5 mV and
the capability to investigate samples with power levels
ranging from tens of milliwatts to several watts. The
maximum voltage and current ranges are 0 – 20 V and
1 µA – 3A, which is limited by the maximum power that
can be dissipated by the transistor. Experimental studies
have demonstrated high stability and measurement
accuracy under varying conditions. The mathematical
model developed in Python using the pvlib library and
the incremental conductance MPPT algorithm made
it possible to simulate the algorithm’s performance
under the conditions of the western region of Ukraine.
The results indicate high tracking efficiency, reaching
97.88% over a one-year period and 99.83% over a single
day, which is a very good result for small thin-film
photovoltaic samples.
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Received 20.10 2025
Copyright: © 2025, The author(s). Licensee: Politekhperiodika, Odesa, Ukraine. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Teсhnology and design in electronic equipment, 2025, N 3 – 446 ISSN 3083-6530 (Print)
ISSN 3083-6549 (Online)
7
FUNCTIONAL MICRO- AND NANOELECTRONICS
DOI: 10.15222/TKEA2025.3-4.??
УДК 621.383
Віталій ФЕДЕНЬКО, Богдан ДЗУНДЗА
Україна, м. Івано-Франківськ,
Карпатський національний університет
імені Василя Стефаника
E-mail: vitalii.fedenkoj@gmail.com
РОЗРОБКА ТА МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ВИСОКОТОЧНОГО MPPT-КОНТРОЛЕРА
ДЛЯ ТОНКОПЛІВКОВИХ СОНЯЧНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ
Фотоелектричні перетворювачі сонячної енергії є провідним напрямом у сфері відновлюваних джерел енергії.
Традиційні кремнієві фотоелементи забезпечили широке поширення технології, проте їх виробництво потре-
бує значних енергетичних витрат та товстих пластин. Натомість тонкоплівкові перетворювачі другого по-
коління здатні ефективно поглинати сонячне випромінювання при значно меншій товщині поглинального шару,
що робить їх перспективними для подальшого розвитку. Важливим елементом таких систем є контролер від-
стеження точки максимальної потужності (MPPT), який дозволяє забезпечити максимальну електрогенера-
цію в умовах змінного освітлення, температури чи часткового затінення.
У роботі представлено комплексне дослідження схемотехнічних та програмних рішень високоточного кон-
тролера відстеження точки MPPT, створеного на базі сучасного мікроконтролера STM32F407. Основною ме-
тою розробки було забезпечення можливості дослідження малопотужних тонкоплівкових фотоелектричних
перетворювачів, зокрема на основі телуриду кадмію (CdTe), які характеризуються малими значеннями вихідних
параметрів та потребують високої точності вимірювань. Реалізована установка дозволяє працювати з діа-
пазоном напруги від 0 до ~20 В та струмів від 1 мкА до 3 А, що охоплює широкий спектр лабораторних зразків
потужністю від десятків міліват до кількох ват. Точність вимірювання близько 5 мВ забезпечує коректне від-
стеження навіть за умов значних коливань зовнішніх факторів.
Експериментальні дослідження підтвердили високу стабільність роботи контролера та його здатність під-
тримувати точність вимірювань у змінних умовах навколишнього середовища. Для оцінки ефективності ал-
горитму Incremental Conductance було створено математичну модель на основі бібліотеки pvlib, яка реалізує
п’ятипараметричну модель De Soto. Моделювання проводилося для умов західного регіону України, що дозволи-
ло врахувати реальні кліматичні та інсоляційні параметри.
Результати моделювання показали ефективність відстеження точки максимальної потужності на рівні
97,88% протягом року та 99,83% протягом одного дня. Такі показники засвідчують високу ефективність роз-
робленої системи для дослідження та оптимізації роботи тонкоплівкових фотоперетворювачів малої потуж-
ності, а також підтверджують перспективність застосування запропонованого підходу для створення лабо-
раторних стендів і навчальних установок.Отримані результати мають практичне значення для подальшого
розвитку технологій тонкоплівкової фотовольтаїки та впровадження високоточних методів контролю в умо-
вах змінної сонячної інсоляції.
Ключові слова: MPPT-контролер, тонкоплівковий сонячний елемент, CdTe, відновлювана енергія, високочутли-
ві сенсори.
DOI: 10.15222/TKEA2025.3-4.40
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| id | oai:tkea.com.ua:article-428 |
| institution | Technology and design in electronic equipment |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-12T01:00:31Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | PE "Politekhperiodika", Book and Journal Publishers |
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| resource_txt_mv | wwwtkeacomua/e4/e0d63562ebfbea91c6deb96d04c1f9e4.pdf |
| spelling | oai:tkea.com.ua:article-4282026-06-11T12:18:26Z Development and simulation of a high-precision MPPT controller for thin-film solar cells Розробка та моделювання високоточного MPPT-контролера для тонкоплівкових сонячних елементів Fedenko, Vitalii Dzundza, Bogdan MPPT controller thin-film solar cell renewable energy highly sensitive sensors CdTe MPPT-контролер тонкоплівковий сонячний елемент CdTe відновлювана енергія високочутливі сенсори The paper presents circuit implementations of a high-precision MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller adapted to operate with small samples of thin-film solar cells based on cadmium telluride (CdTe). The implemented circuit showed high stability during experimental studies and can operate with currents from 1 μA to 3 A. The effectiveness of the selected maximum power point tracking algorithm was evaluated using a simulation model based on the pvlib library, which operates on the basis of the five-parameter De Soto model and the MPP incremental conductance tracking algorithm with specified parameters. The simulation results show a tracking efficiency of 97.88% over the year and 99.83% over the day, which ensures high efficiency considering the very low output power levels of thin-film photovoltaic cells. Наведено схемотехнічні рішення високоточного контролера відстеження точки максимальної потужності (MPPT), адаптованого для роботи з невеликими зразками тонкоплівкових фотоперетворювачів на основі телуриду кадмію (CdTe). Реалізована схема продемонструвала високу стабільність під час експериментальних досліджень та здатність працювати зі струмами в діапазоні від 1 мкА до 3 А.&nbsp;Дослідження ефективності обраного алгоритму відстеження точки максимальної потужності проведено на імітаційній моделі, побудованій на основі бібліотеки pvlib, яка реалізує розрахунок п’ятипараметричної моделі De Soto та алгоритм Incremental Conductance із заданими параметрами.&nbsp;Результати моделювання свідчать про точність відстеження 97,88% протягом року та 99,83% протягом одного дня, що підтверджує високу ефективність роботи навіть за умов дуже низьких вихідних параметрів тонкоплівкових фотоперетворювачів.&nbsp; PE "Politekhperiodika", Book and Journal Publishers 2025-12-30 Article Article Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://www.tkea.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/TKEA2025.3-4.40 10.15222/TKEA2025.3-4.40 Technology and design in electronic equipment; No. 3–4 (2025): Technology and design in electronic equipment; 40-46 Технологія та конструювання в електронній апаратурі; № 3–4 (2025): Технологія та конструювання в електронній апаратурі; 40-46 3083-6549 3083-6530 10.15222/TKEA2025.3-4 en https://www.tkea.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/TKEA2025.3-4.40/724 Copyright (c) 2025 Vitalii Fedenko, Bogdan Dzundza http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| spellingShingle | MPPT-контролер тонкоплівковий сонячний елемент CdTe відновлювана енергія високочутливі сенсори Fedenko, Vitalii Dzundza, Bogdan Розробка та моделювання високоточного MPPT-контролера для тонкоплівкових сонячних елементів |
| title | Розробка та моделювання високоточного MPPT-контролера для тонкоплівкових сонячних елементів |
| title_alt | Development and simulation of a high-precision MPPT controller for thin-film solar cells |
| title_full | Розробка та моделювання високоточного MPPT-контролера для тонкоплівкових сонячних елементів |
| title_fullStr | Розробка та моделювання високоточного MPPT-контролера для тонкоплівкових сонячних елементів |
| title_full_unstemmed | Розробка та моделювання високоточного MPPT-контролера для тонкоплівкових сонячних елементів |
| title_short | Розробка та моделювання високоточного MPPT-контролера для тонкоплівкових сонячних елементів |
| title_sort | розробка та моделювання високоточного mppt-контролера для тонкоплівкових сонячних елементів |
| topic | MPPT-контролер тонкоплівковий сонячний елемент CdTe відновлювана енергія високочутливі сенсори |
| topic_facet | MPPT controller thin-film solar cell renewable energy highly sensitive sensors CdTe MPPT-контролер тонкоплівковий сонячний елемент CdTe відновлювана енергія високочутливі сенсори |
| url | https://www.tkea.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/TKEA2025.3-4.40 |
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