Світові тенденції в розвитку геотермальної енергетики. Частина 2. Найновіші технології – основа розвитку геотермальної енергетики

• Datum: 2019
• 1. Verfasser: Shurchkova
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainian
• Veröffentlicht: General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2019
• Schlagworte: геотермальна; енергетика; проблеми; технології; екологія; конкурентоспроможність.
• Online Zugang: https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/705
• Назва журналу: System Research in Energy

This article discusses the state of geothermal energy in the world. Up to now, geothermal resources have been identified almost in 90 countries, and, in more than 80 countries, they are used and there is a tendency to expand world territories using the heat of the Earth depths. The main growth is expected in the Asia-Pacific region, mainly in Indonesia, East African rift valley, Central and South America, as well as in the United States, Japan, and New Zealand. China, Hungary, Mexico, Iceland, and New Zealand are intensely developing their geothermal energy programs. A series of potential facilities is being developed in South Australia. According to data of the International Energy Agency, the share of geothermal energy in the total energy balance of the world is about 0.3 percent, with the prospect of growth up to 0.5 percent by 2030.The development of geothermal energy is determined by the creation of new technologies for the use of low-potential underground fluids and technologies for the application of high-grade heat carriers in the form of hot rocks and magma. Among the innovative solutions, which in the future can be widely used, we should mention projects for creating hybrid plants operating on geothermal sources in combination with other alternative sources.There exists a tendency to increase investment in the scientific-research and experimental-industrial works as wellas in the creation of regional programs for the development of renewable energy sources, which allows us to predict a reduction of the prime cost of technologies,  the risks of their implementation, and increase in the competitiveness of geothermal energyThe main problems that restrain the widespread use of geothermal energy lie in the fact that cost-efficient high-potential resources are geographically distributed in a limited number of regions and are not always readily available; geothermal projects have high risks, long terms of their implementation and require significant investments; in most developing countries and in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, there are no legally established methods for assessing geothermal resources, and environmental issues have not been resolved.The promotion of geothermal energy, research coordination, and advance of geothermal programs and projects are carried out by the International Geothermal Community in the form of the World Geothermal Congress, the International Geothermal Association, the European Geothermal Congress, the European Council on Geothermal Energy, and the European Geothermal Energy Company.