Газотурбінні та газопоршневі електростанції для децентралізованої енергетики України

• Дата: 2025
• Автори: Khalatov, Artem, Fialko, Nataliia
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2025
• Теми: газова турбіна; мікротурбіна; газопоршнева машина; децентралізована енергетика.
• Онлайн доступ: https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/882
• Назва журналу: System Research in Energy

In this paper the analysis of gas-turbine and gas-piston power plants widely employed for the electricity, heat and cold production is given. Currently a wide range of gas turbines are produced worldwide with power of 200−300 MW in the simple cycle (efficiency is 35−40 %) and up to 600 MW in the combined cycle (efficiency is 60 % and over). The micro-turbine is the class of low-power gas turbines (10−400 kW) for the electricity, heat and cold production having the efficiency of 15−19 % in the simple cycle and 25−28 % in the combined cycle. If necessary, they unite into clusters. The range of electrical power of gas-piston electrical power plants is from a few kW up to 20 MW, they form modular power stations and block stations for the heat and electricity production. In the near future these technologies will be basis of distributed energy configuration of Ukraine. This will increase its stability and reliability, as well as ability to operate in an uninterrupted mode in the war- and post-war conditions. They demonstrate a few positive features, such as a high electrical efficiency, relatively low noise and vibrations during operation the wide power range, low power loss, economical operation in partial modes, serial production and developed service, using of different fuels. The electrical efficiency of gas-piston machines is 3−10 % greater, however the fuel efficiency of gas turbine on co-generation mode is close to the gas-piston machine. The gas-turbine and gas-piston power stations can be widely employed in the urban and rural areas, in industrial enterprises, oil and gas fields, as well as on costal vessels and railway platforms to supply electricity in the regions, where there is no electricity or where their construction is not economically feasible. The ecological characteristics including gas-piston power plants meet the requirements for emissions of harmful products into the atmosphere, if necessary they can be reduced via installation of the catalytic systems at the exit. The gas-turbine and gas-piston power stations of low and medium power are supplied in a block-contained design and put into operation within 6−12 months.