Обґрунтування доцільності використання фотоелектричних станцій для задач декарбонізації теплових електростанцій

• Datum: 2025
• 1. Verfasser: Matushkin, Dmytro
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: English
• Veröffentlicht: General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2025
• Schlagworte: фотоелектричні станції; декарбонізація; теплові електростанції; відновлювані джерела енергії; скорочення викидів СО₂; енергетична трансформація.
• Online Zugang: https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/910
• Назва журналу: System Research in Energy

The paper explores the potential of photovoltaic power plants as a tool for partial decarbonisation of thermal power plants, which remain a major source of pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. The relevance of integrating renewable energy sources into national energy systems is substantiated by reducing dependence on fossil fuels, decreasing CO₂ emissions, and achieving climate goals. The current state of thermal power plants, their role in ensuring energy balance, and the key environmental challenges associated with their operation are analyzed. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of the economic and environmental efficiency of integrating photovoltaic power plants into thermal power plants. The economic assessment includes key indicators such as Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). The environmental aspect is evaluated using the Carbon Abatement Cost (CAC) and Energy Return on Investment (EROI). Six integration scenarios for photovoltaic power plants in thermal power plants are proposed, differing in terms of fossil fuel substitution levels, economic feasibility, and technological complexity. The baseline scenario of partial daytime substitution enables for a 41.6 % reduction in fuel consumption and an annual CO₂ emissions reduction of 300 thousand tons. Implementing hybrid battery storage systems or AI-based management enables achieving a 50−55 % substitution rate, leading to a maximum CO₂ emissions reduction of up to 396 thousand tons per year and operational cost savings of up to $26.4 million annually. The study also identifies key barriers to implementing these solutions, including the technical complexity of integrating photovoltaic power plants into the existing thermal power plant infrastructure, insufficient regulatory frameworks, and the need for significant investment.