Еколого-енергетична оцінка доцільності отримання альтернативного палива піролізом пластикових відходів

• Дата: 2025
• Автори: Boichenko, Serhii, Zholtaily, Sofiia, Shkilniuk, Iryna, Yakovlieva, Anna, Levandovskyi, Іhor, Muhenov, Daniil, Futa, Kostiantyn
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2025
• Теми: пластикові відходи; піроліз пластикових відходів; альтернативне паливо; енергетичний потенціал пластикових відходів; екологічна оцінка; екологістика збору небезпечних відходів; енергетична безпека.
• Онлайн доступ: https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/931
• Назва журналу: System Research in Energy

The article presents an ecological and energy assessment of the feasibility of obtaining alternative fuel in Ukraine through the pyrolysis of plastic waste. Plastic waste is a global problem due to its long decomposition time and toxicity to the environment. At the same time, in Ukraine, in addition to the high level of waste intensity, there is a problem of a low level of domestic fuel production and a high level of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. In particular, the last 2 problems have become more acute with military operations: fuel imports from Europe have been established, but the issue of import dependence remains and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere due to frontline zones and ground attacks have significantly increased. The purpose of this study is to determine the energy potential of obtaining domestic alternative fuel from plastic waste and an ecological assessment of the annual reduction in CO2-eq. emissions in Ukraine due to the establishment of the ecologistics of the collection and disposal of plastic waste by the pyrolysis process. The object of the study is the disposal of plastic waste in Ukraine. The subject of the study is plastic waste in Ukraine, its energy potential for replacing traditional fuels through pyrolysis, CO2 and CO2-eq. emissions from the pyrolysis process of plastic waste, CO2-eq. emissions during storage of plastic in landfills and disposal by incineration. Research methods are an analytical review of scientific research on the feasibility of pyrolysis and process characteristics, mathematical methods for calculating and comparing disposal scenarios. As a result of the study, it was found that an average of 1,444 thousand tons/year of plastic waste is generated in Ukraine every year, from which it is approximately possible to obtain 838 thousand tons/year of alternative fuel through pyrolysis. This fuel can replace approximately 13 % of annual diesel fuel consumption in Ukraine, which is undoubtedly a significant contribution to reducing the country's import dependence, and therefore − increasing energy security. Direct CO2 emissions from the pyrolysis of plastic waste are 361 thousand tons/year and 5,646.4 thousand tons of CO2-eq. per year. Emissions from CO2-eq. when burning this plastic waste are 26,800.6 thousand tons of CO2-eq./year, when landfilling − 25,270 thousand tons of CO2-eq./year. Therefore, in the substitution scenario "incineration of plastic waste → pyrolysis" it is possible to avoid 21,154.2 thousand tons of CO2-eq./year, and in the substitution scenario "landfilling of plastic waste in landfills → pyrolysis" it is possible to avoid 19,623.6 thousand tons of CO2-eq./year. This proves the feasibility of establishing the ecologistics of plastic waste collection for the production of alternative fuel in Ukraine. In further studies, it is worth carrying out an ecological and energy assessment of waste of worn tires, waste vegetable oils and animal waste for the production of alternative fuel.