BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND SPECTRAL INDEX OF EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND AT DECAMETER WAVELENGTHS

BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND SPECTRAL INDEX OF EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND AT DECAMETER WAVELENGTHS

The radio maps of distributed low-frequency radio emission for vast areas of Northern Celestial Hemisphere, including the area near the minimum of galactic radiation (42º<δ200<45º, 7h45m<α200<8h35m), were constructed based on the Northern sky survey with the UTR-2 world-largest decameter...

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Date:2015
Main Authors: Vasilenko, N. M., Sidorchuk, M. A.
Format: Article
Language:Russian
Published: Видавничий дім «Академперіодика» 2015
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metagalactic background
Т–Т plots
spectral index
decameter wavelengths
Online Access:http://rpra-journal.org.ua/index.php/ra/article/view/1216
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Radio physics and radio astronomy
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institution Radio physics and radio astronomy
baseUrl_str
datestamp_date 2017-09-26T13:28:46Z
collection OJS
language Russian
topic metagalactic background
Т–Т plots
spectral index
decameter wavelengths
spellingShingle metagalactic background
Т–Т plots
spectral index
decameter wavelengths
Vasilenko, N. M.
Sidorchuk, M. A.
BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND SPECTRAL INDEX OF EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND AT DECAMETER WAVELENGTHS
topic_facet metagalactic background
Т–Т plots
spectral index
decameter wavelengths
метагалактический фон
метод T-T диаграмм
спектральный индекс
декаметровый диапазон
метагалактичний фон
метод T-T діаграм
спектральний індекс
декаметровий діапазон
format Article
author Vasilenko, N. M.
Sidorchuk, M. A.
author_facet Vasilenko, N. M.
Sidorchuk, M. A.
author_sort Vasilenko, N. M.
title BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND SPECTRAL INDEX OF EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND AT DECAMETER WAVELENGTHS
title_short BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND SPECTRAL INDEX OF EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND AT DECAMETER WAVELENGTHS
title_full BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND SPECTRAL INDEX OF EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND AT DECAMETER WAVELENGTHS
title_fullStr BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND SPECTRAL INDEX OF EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND AT DECAMETER WAVELENGTHS
title_full_unstemmed BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND SPECTRAL INDEX OF EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND AT DECAMETER WAVELENGTHS
title_sort brightness temperature and spectral index of extragalactic background at decameter wavelengths
title_alt ЯРКОСТНАЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРА И СПЕКТРАЛЬНЫЙ ИНДЕКС ВНЕГАЛАКТИЧЕСКОГО ФОНА В ДЕКАМЕТРОВОМ ДИАПАЗОНЕ ДЛИН ВОЛН
ЯСКРАВІСНА ТЕМПЕРАТУРА ТА СПЕКТРАЛЬНИЙ ІНДЕКС ПОЗАГАЛАКТИЧНОГО ФОНУ У ДЕКАМЕТРОВОМУ ДІАПАЗОНІ ДОВЖИН ХВИЛЬ
description The radio maps of distributed low-frequency radio emission for vast areas of Northern Celestial Hemisphere, including the area near the minimum of galactic radiation (42º<δ200<45º, 7h45m<α200<8h35m), were constructed based on the Northern sky survey with the UTR-2 world-largest decameter wave radio telescope. The two-temperature dependence of the background radiation brightness temperature within 12.6 to 25 MHz is built for different frequency pairs of this range for the same coordinates (Т–Т plots). This allows to identify the differential emission spectrum of the Galaxy halo in this direction, whose spectral index is βG =2.81±0.03. In addition, the Т–Т plots multi-frequency technique provided an opportunity to determine the brightness temperatures of the isotropic extragalactic background radiation at decameter wavelength range, whose values were (60±10.0), (41.7±6.0), (30.6±4.2), (19.5±3.6) and (11.6±10.0) kK at 12.6, 14.7, 16.7, 20, and 25 MHz, respectively, with the spectral index βM =2.41±0.1. Metagalaxy contributed to about 70 % of the total emission at all frequencies in this direction.Key words: metagalactic background, Т–Т plots, spectral index, decameter wavelengthsManuscript submitted 13.05.2015Radio phys. radio astron. 2015, 20(3): 205-215REFERENCES1. WIELEBINSKI, R., 2004. The history of radio continuum surveys. In: B. Uyaniker, W. Reich, and R. Wielebinski, eds. The Magnetized Interstellar Medium. Katlenburg-Lindau: Copernicus GmbH, pp. 241–244. 2. REICH, P., 2003. Large scale surveys of the Galaxy. Acta Astronomica Sinica. vol. 44, pp. 130–135. 3. OLIVEIRA-COSTA, A., TEGMARK, M., GAENSLER, B. M., JONAS, J., LANDECKER, T. L. and REICH, P., 2008. A model of diffuse galactic radio emission from 10 MHz to 100 GHz. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 388, is. 1, pp. 247–260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13376.x 4. SUN, X. H., REICH, W., WAELKENS, A. and ENBLIN T. A., 2008. Radio observational constraints on Galactic 3Demission models. Astron. Astrophys. vol. 477, no. 2, pp. 573–592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20078671 5. MERTSCH, P. and SARKAR, S., 2013. Loops and spurs: The angular power spectrum of the Galactic synchrotron background. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. is. 06, id. 041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2013/06/041 6. LONGAIR, M. S. and SYUNYAEV, R. A., 1971. Electromagnetic radiation in the universe. Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk. vol. 105, pp. 41–96 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNr.0105.197109b.0041 7. SINGAL, J., STAWARZ, L., LAWRENCE, A. and PETROSIAN, V., 2010. Sources of the radio background considered. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 409, is. 3, pp. 1172–1182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17382.x 8. SHAIN, C. A., 1959. Observation of extragalactic radio emission. In: R. N. Bracewell, ed. Paris symposium on radio astronomy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 328–335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900051093 9. TURTLE, A. J., PUGH, G. F., KENDERDINE, S. and PAULINY-TOTH, I. I. K., 1962. The spectrum of the galactic radio emission. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 124, is. 4, pp. 297–312. DOI: 0.1093/mnras/124.4.297 10. YATES, K. W. and WIELEBINSKI, R., 1966. Intensityfrequency dependence of the radio sky background. Aust. J. Phys. vol. 19, pp. 389–407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/PH660389 11. BRIDLE, R. G., 1967. The spectrum of the radio background between 13 and 404 MHz. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 136, is. 2, pp. 219–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/136.2.219 12. DAVIES, R. D., WATSON, R. A. and GUTIÉRREZ, C. M., 1996. Galactic synchrotron emission at high frequencies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 278, is. 4, pp. 925–939. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/278.4.925 13. REICH, P., REICH, W. and TESTORI, J. C., 2004. Spectral index variations of Galactic emission. In: B. Uyaniker, W. Reich, and R. Wielebinski, eds. The Magnetized Interstellar Medium. Katlenburg-Lindau: Copernicus GmbH, pp. 63–68. 14. WEHUS, I. K., FUSKELAND, U., ERIKSEN, H. K., BANDAY, A. J., DICKINSON, C., GHOSH T., GORSKI, K. M., LAWRENCE, C. R., LEAHY, J. P., MAINO, D., REICH, P. and REICH, W., 2014. Monopole and dipole estimation for multi-frequency sky maps by linear regression. ArXiv.org [online]. id. arXiv:1411.7616v1 [astro-ph.CO]. 15. DE ZOTTI, G., MASSARDI, M., NEGRELLO, M. and WAL, J., 2009. Radio and millimeter continuum surveys and their astrophysical implications. Astron. Astrophys. Rev. vol. 18, is. 1, pp. 1–65. 16. GUZMÁN, A. E., MAY, J., ALVAREZ, H. and MAEDA, K., 2011. All-sky Galactic radiation at 45 MHz and spectral index between 45 and 408 MHz. Astron. Astrophys. vol. 525, id. A138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200913628 17. SUBRAHMANYAN, R. and COWSIK, R., 2013. Is there an Unaccounted for Excess in the Extragalactic Cosmic Radio Background? Astrophys. J. vol. 776, is. 1, id. 42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/776/1/42 18. FORNENGO, N., LINEROS, R. A., REGIS, M. and TAOSO, M., 2014. The isotropic radio background revisited. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. is. 04, id. 008. DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2014/04/0084 19. ABRAMENKOV, E. A., 1987. Investigation of regions of ionized hydrogen at decameter wavelengths. PhD. thesis ed. Institute of Radio Astronomy, Academy of Sciences of USSR (in Russian). 20. LONGAIR, M. S., 1995. The radio background emission – the long and shot of it. In: D. Calzetti, M. Livio, P. Madau, eds. Extragalactic Background Radiation. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 223–236. 21. SCHEUER, P. A. G., 1957. A statistical method for analyzing observations of faint radio stars. Math. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. vol. 53, is. 3, pp. 764–773. 22. HEWISH, A., 1961. Extrapolation of the number-flux density relation of radio stars by Scheuer's statistical method. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 123, is. 2, pp. 167–181. Doi: 10.1093/mnras/123.2.167123 23. GERVASI, M., TARTARI, A., ZANNONI, M., BOELLA, G. and SIRONI, G., 2008. The Contribution of the Unresolved Extragalactic Radio Sources to the Brightness Temperature of the Sky. Astrophys. J. vol. 682, no. 2,  pp. 223–230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/588628 24. VERNSTROM, T., SCOTT DOUGLAS and WALL, J. V., 2011. Contribution to the diffuse radio background from extragalactic radio sources. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 415, is. 4, pp. 3641–3648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18990.x 25. SOKOLOV, K. P., 1986. Space Distribution Parameters of Extragalactic Decameter Sources Counted at 25-MHz. Astronomicheskii Zhurnal. vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 426–433 (in Russian). 26. SOKOLOV, K. P.,  1986. Cosmological evolution effects in extragalactic decameter sources. Pisma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal. vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 259–265 (in Russian). 27. SOKOLOV, K. P.,  1988. Determination of the parameters of the spatial distribution of extragalactic radio sources observed in the decameter range. P(D) analysis at 25 MHz. Astronomicheskii Zhurnal. vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 236–247 (in Russian). 28. BRAUDE, S. Ya., SIDORCHUK, K. M., SIDORCHUK, M. A., RASHKOVSKY, S. L., MIROSHNICHENKO, A. P. and ZAKHARENKO, S. M., 2006. Decameter Discrete Sources Survey of the Northern Sky using the UTR-2 Radio Telescope. In: Long Wavelength Astrophysics: 26th meeting of the IAU. Abstract book. Prague, Czech Republic, p. 370. 29. ZHANG, X., REICH, W., REICH, P. and WIELEBINSKI, R., 2003. New results on the spectral index–flux density relation from the WENSS/NVSS catalogs. Astron. Astrophys. vol. 404, no. 1, pp. 57–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20030476 30. SEIFFERT, M., FIXSEN, D. J., KOGUT, A., LEVIN, S. M., LIMON, M., LUBIN, P. M., MIREL, P., SINGAL, J., VILLELA, T., WOLLACK, E. and WUENSCHE, C. A., 2009. Interpretation of the extragalactic radio background. ArXiv.org [online]. id. arXiv:0901.0559 [astro-ph.CO]. 31. ROGER, R. S., COSTAIN, C. H., LANDECKER, T. L. and SWERDLYK, C. M., 1999. The radio emission from the Galaxy at 22 MHz. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. Vol. 137, No. 1. – P. 7–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1999239 32. VASILENKO, N. M., SIDORCHUK, M. A., MUKHA, D. V., and ZAKHARENKO, S. M., 2006. Very Low Frequency Continuum Survey of the Northern Sky. In: Long Wavelength Astrophysics: 26th meeting of the IAU. Abstract book. Prague, Czech Republic, p. 370. 33. SIRONI, G., 1974. The spectrum of the galactic non-thermal background radiation. 1. Observations at 151.5 and 408 MHz. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 166, is. 2, pp. 345–353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/166.2.345 34. WEBSTER, A. 1975. The radio halo of the Galaxy. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 171, is. 2, pp. 243–257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/171.2.243 35. BEREZINSKII, V. S.,BULANOV, S. V., GINZBURG, V. L. (ed.), DOGIEL, V. A. and PTUSKIN, V. S, 1984. Astrophysics of cosmic rays. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian). 36. TOKAREV, Yu. V., 1970. Metagalactic background of radio emission. Izvesniya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika. vol. 13, pp. 1571–1574 (in Russian). 37. REICH, P. and REICH, W., 2008. Measuring and calibrating Galactic synchrotron emission. Proc. IAU. vol. 4, S259, pp. 603–612. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743921309031433 38. HOGG, D. W., BOVY, J. and LANG, D., 2010. Data analysis recipes: Fitting a model to data. ArXiv.org [online]. id. arXiv:1008.4686v1 [astro-ph.IM]. 39. BRAUDE, S. Ya., MEGN, A. V., RYABOV, B. P., SHARYKIN N. K. and ZHOUCK, I. N., 1978. Decametric survey of discrete sources in the Northern sky. I. The UTR-2 radio telescope: Experimental techniques and data processing. Astrophys. Space Sci. vol. 54, is. 1, pp. 3–36. 40. KRYMKIN, V. V., 1978. Observations of the Rosette nebula NGC2237 at decametric wavelength. Astrophys. Space Sci. vol. 54, is. 1, pp. 187–197. 41. VERNSTROM, T., DOUGLAS SCOTT, WALL, J. V., CONDON, J. J., COTTON, W. D., FOMALONT, E. B., KELLERMANN, K. I., MILLER, N. and PERLEY, R. A., 2014. Deep 3 GHz number counts from a P(D) fluctuationanalysis. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 440, is. 3, pp. 2791–2809. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu470 42. VERNSTROM, T., NORRIS RAY, P., DOUGLAS SCOTT and WALL, J. V., 2015. The deep diffuse extragalactic radio sky at 1.75 GHz. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 447, is. 3, pp. 2243–2260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2595 43. FIXSEN, D. J., KOGUT, A., LEVIN, S., LIMON, M., MIREl, P., SEIFFERT, M., SINGAl, J., WOLLACK, E., VILLELA, T. and WUENSCHE C. A., 2011. ARCADE 2 measurement of the absolute sky brightness at 3-90 GHz. Astrophys. J. vol. 734, is.1, pp. 1–11. DOI: 10.1088/0004- 637X/734/1/5  
publisher Видавничий дім «Академперіодика»
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url http://rpra-journal.org.ua/index.php/ra/article/view/1216
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spelling rpra-journalorgua-article-12162017-09-26T13:28:46Z BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND SPECTRAL INDEX OF EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND AT DECAMETER WAVELENGTHS ЯРКОСТНАЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРА И СПЕКТРАЛЬНЫЙ ИНДЕКС ВНЕГАЛАКТИЧЕСКОГО ФОНА В ДЕКАМЕТРОВОМ ДИАПАЗОНЕ ДЛИН ВОЛН ЯСКРАВІСНА ТЕМПЕРАТУРА ТА СПЕКТРАЛЬНИЙ ІНДЕКС ПОЗАГАЛАКТИЧНОГО ФОНУ У ДЕКАМЕТРОВОМУ ДІАПАЗОНІ ДОВЖИН ХВИЛЬ Vasilenko, N. M. Sidorchuk, M. A. metagalactic background; Т–Т plots; spectral index; decameter wavelengths метагалактический фон; метод T-T диаграмм; спектральный индекс; декаметровый диапазон метагалактичний фон; метод T-T діаграм; спектральний індекс; декаметровий діапазон The radio maps of distributed low-frequency radio emission for vast areas of Northern Celestial Hemisphere, including the area near the minimum of galactic radiation (42º<δ200<45º, 7h45m<α200<8h35m), were constructed based on the Northern sky survey with the UTR-2 world-largest decameter wave radio telescope. The two-temperature dependence of the background radiation brightness temperature within 12.6 to 25 MHz is built for different frequency pairs of this range for the same coordinates (Т–Т plots). This allows to identify the differential emission spectrum of the Galaxy halo in this direction, whose spectral index is βG =2.81±0.03. In addition, the Т–Т plots multi-frequency technique provided an opportunity to determine the brightness temperatures of the isotropic extragalactic background radiation at decameter wavelength range, whose values were (60±10.0), (41.7±6.0), (30.6±4.2), (19.5±3.6) and (11.6±10.0) kK at 12.6, 14.7, 16.7, 20, and 25 MHz, respectively, with the spectral index βM =2.41±0.1. Metagalaxy contributed to about 70 % of the total emission at all frequencies in this direction.Key words: metagalactic background, Т–Т plots, spectral index, decameter wavelengthsManuscript submitted 13.05.2015Radio phys. radio astron. 2015, 20(3): 205-215REFERENCES1. WIELEBINSKI, R., 2004. The history of radio continuum surveys. In: B. Uyaniker, W. Reich, and R. Wielebinski, eds. The Magnetized Interstellar Medium. Katlenburg-Lindau: Copernicus GmbH, pp. 241–244. 2. REICH, P., 2003. Large scale surveys of the Galaxy. Acta Astronomica Sinica. vol. 44, pp. 130–135. 3. OLIVEIRA-COSTA, A., TEGMARK, M., GAENSLER, B. M., JONAS, J., LANDECKER, T. L. and REICH, P., 2008. A model of diffuse galactic radio emission from 10 MHz to 100 GHz. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 388, is. 1, pp. 247–260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13376.x 4. SUN, X. H., REICH, W., WAELKENS, A. and ENBLIN T. A., 2008. Radio observational constraints on Galactic 3Demission models. Astron. Astrophys. vol. 477, no. 2, pp. 573–592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20078671 5. MERTSCH, P. and SARKAR, S., 2013. Loops and spurs: The angular power spectrum of the Galactic synchrotron background. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. is. 06, id. 041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2013/06/041 6. LONGAIR, M. S. and SYUNYAEV, R. A., 1971. Electromagnetic radiation in the universe. Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk. vol. 105, pp. 41–96 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNr.0105.197109b.0041 7. SINGAL, J., STAWARZ, L., LAWRENCE, A. and PETROSIAN, V., 2010. Sources of the radio background considered. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 409, is. 3, pp. 1172–1182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17382.x 8. SHAIN, C. A., 1959. Observation of extragalactic radio emission. In: R. N. Bracewell, ed. Paris symposium on radio astronomy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 328–335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900051093 9. TURTLE, A. J., PUGH, G. F., KENDERDINE, S. and PAULINY-TOTH, I. I. K., 1962. The spectrum of the galactic radio emission. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 124, is. 4, pp. 297–312. DOI: 0.1093/mnras/124.4.297 10. YATES, K. W. and WIELEBINSKI, R., 1966. Intensityfrequency dependence of the radio sky background. Aust. J. Phys. vol. 19, pp. 389–407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/PH660389 11. BRIDLE, R. G., 1967. The spectrum of the radio background between 13 and 404 MHz. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 136, is. 2, pp. 219–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/136.2.219 12. DAVIES, R. D., WATSON, R. A. and GUTIÉRREZ, C. M., 1996. Galactic synchrotron emission at high frequencies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 278, is. 4, pp. 925–939. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/278.4.925 13. REICH, P., REICH, W. and TESTORI, J. C., 2004. Spectral index variations of Galactic emission. In: B. Uyaniker, W. Reich, and R. Wielebinski, eds. The Magnetized Interstellar Medium. Katlenburg-Lindau: Copernicus GmbH, pp. 63–68. 14. WEHUS, I. K., FUSKELAND, U., ERIKSEN, H. K., BANDAY, A. J., DICKINSON, C., GHOSH T., GORSKI, K. M., LAWRENCE, C. R., LEAHY, J. P., MAINO, D., REICH, P. and REICH, W., 2014. Monopole and dipole estimation for multi-frequency sky maps by linear regression. ArXiv.org [online]. id. arXiv:1411.7616v1 [astro-ph.CO]. 15. DE ZOTTI, G., MASSARDI, M., NEGRELLO, M. and WAL, J., 2009. Radio and millimeter continuum surveys and their astrophysical implications. Astron. Astrophys. Rev. vol. 18, is. 1, pp. 1–65. 16. GUZMÁN, A. E., MAY, J., ALVAREZ, H. and MAEDA, K., 2011. All-sky Galactic radiation at 45 MHz and spectral index between 45 and 408 MHz. Astron. Astrophys. vol. 525, id. A138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200913628 17. SUBRAHMANYAN, R. and COWSIK, R., 2013. Is there an Unaccounted for Excess in the Extragalactic Cosmic Radio Background? Astrophys. J. vol. 776, is. 1, id. 42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/776/1/42 18. FORNENGO, N., LINEROS, R. A., REGIS, M. and TAOSO, M., 2014. The isotropic radio background revisited. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. is. 04, id. 008. DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2014/04/0084 19. ABRAMENKOV, E. A., 1987. Investigation of regions of ionized hydrogen at decameter wavelengths. PhD. thesis ed. Institute of Radio Astronomy, Academy of Sciences of USSR (in Russian). 20. LONGAIR, M. S., 1995. The radio background emission – the long and shot of it. In: D. Calzetti, M. Livio, P. Madau, eds. Extragalactic Background Radiation. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 223–236. 21. SCHEUER, P. A. G., 1957. A statistical method for analyzing observations of faint radio stars. Math. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. vol. 53, is. 3, pp. 764–773. 22. HEWISH, A., 1961. Extrapolation of the number-flux density relation of radio stars by Scheuer's statistical method. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 123, is. 2, pp. 167–181. Doi: 10.1093/mnras/123.2.167123 23. GERVASI, M., TARTARI, A., ZANNONI, M., BOELLA, G. and SIRONI, G., 2008. The Contribution of the Unresolved Extragalactic Radio Sources to the Brightness Temperature of the Sky. Astrophys. J. vol. 682, no. 2,  pp. 223–230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/588628 24. VERNSTROM, T., SCOTT DOUGLAS and WALL, J. V., 2011. Contribution to the diffuse radio background from extragalactic radio sources. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 415, is. 4, pp. 3641–3648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18990.x 25. SOKOLOV, K. P., 1986. Space Distribution Parameters of Extragalactic Decameter Sources Counted at 25-MHz. Astronomicheskii Zhurnal. vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 426–433 (in Russian). 26. SOKOLOV, K. P.,  1986. Cosmological evolution effects in extragalactic decameter sources. Pisma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal. vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 259–265 (in Russian). 27. SOKOLOV, K. P.,  1988. Determination of the parameters of the spatial distribution of extragalactic radio sources observed in the decameter range. P(D) analysis at 25 MHz. Astronomicheskii Zhurnal. vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 236–247 (in Russian). 28. BRAUDE, S. Ya., SIDORCHUK, K. M., SIDORCHUK, M. A., RASHKOVSKY, S. L., MIROSHNICHENKO, A. P. and ZAKHARENKO, S. M., 2006. Decameter Discrete Sources Survey of the Northern Sky using the UTR-2 Radio Telescope. In: Long Wavelength Astrophysics: 26th meeting of the IAU. Abstract book. Prague, Czech Republic, p. 370. 29. ZHANG, X., REICH, W., REICH, P. and WIELEBINSKI, R., 2003. New results on the spectral index–flux density relation from the WENSS/NVSS catalogs. Astron. Astrophys. vol. 404, no. 1, pp. 57–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20030476 30. SEIFFERT, M., FIXSEN, D. J., KOGUT, A., LEVIN, S. M., LIMON, M., LUBIN, P. M., MIREL, P., SINGAL, J., VILLELA, T., WOLLACK, E. and WUENSCHE, C. A., 2009. Interpretation of the extragalactic radio background. ArXiv.org [online]. id. arXiv:0901.0559 [astro-ph.CO]. 31. ROGER, R. S., COSTAIN, C. H., LANDECKER, T. L. and SWERDLYK, C. M., 1999. The radio emission from the Galaxy at 22 MHz. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. Vol. 137, No. 1. – P. 7–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1999239 32. VASILENKO, N. M., SIDORCHUK, M. A., MUKHA, D. V., and ZAKHARENKO, S. M., 2006. Very Low Frequency Continuum Survey of the Northern Sky. In: Long Wavelength Astrophysics: 26th meeting of the IAU. Abstract book. Prague, Czech Republic, p. 370. 33. SIRONI, G., 1974. The spectrum of the galactic non-thermal background radiation. 1. Observations at 151.5 and 408 MHz. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 166, is. 2, pp. 345–353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/166.2.345 34. WEBSTER, A. 1975. The radio halo of the Galaxy. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 171, is. 2, pp. 243–257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/171.2.243 35. BEREZINSKII, V. S.,BULANOV, S. V., GINZBURG, V. L. (ed.), DOGIEL, V. A. and PTUSKIN, V. S, 1984. Astrophysics of cosmic rays. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian). 36. TOKAREV, Yu. V., 1970. Metagalactic background of radio emission. Izvesniya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika. vol. 13, pp. 1571–1574 (in Russian). 37. REICH, P. and REICH, W., 2008. Measuring and calibrating Galactic synchrotron emission. Proc. IAU. vol. 4, S259, pp. 603–612. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743921309031433 38. HOGG, D. W., BOVY, J. and LANG, D., 2010. Data analysis recipes: Fitting a model to data. ArXiv.org [online]. id. arXiv:1008.4686v1 [astro-ph.IM]. 39. BRAUDE, S. Ya., MEGN, A. V., RYABOV, B. P., SHARYKIN N. K. and ZHOUCK, I. N., 1978. Decametric survey of discrete sources in the Northern sky. I. The UTR-2 radio telescope: Experimental techniques and data processing. Astrophys. Space Sci. vol. 54, is. 1, pp. 3–36. 40. KRYMKIN, V. V., 1978. Observations of the Rosette nebula NGC2237 at decametric wavelength. Astrophys. Space Sci. vol. 54, is. 1, pp. 187–197. 41. VERNSTROM, T., DOUGLAS SCOTT, WALL, J. V., CONDON, J. J., COTTON, W. D., FOMALONT, E. B., KELLERMANN, K. I., MILLER, N. and PERLEY, R. A., 2014. Deep 3 GHz number counts from a P(D) fluctuationanalysis. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 440, is. 3, pp. 2791–2809. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu470 42. VERNSTROM, T., NORRIS RAY, P., DOUGLAS SCOTT and WALL, J. V., 2015. The deep diffuse extragalactic radio sky at 1.75 GHz. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. vol. 447, is. 3, pp. 2243–2260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2595 43. FIXSEN, D. J., KOGUT, A., LEVIN, S., LIMON, M., MIREl, P., SEIFFERT, M., SINGAl, J., WOLLACK, E., VILLELA, T. and WUENSCHE C. A., 2011. ARCADE 2 measurement of the absolute sky brightness at 3-90 GHz. Astrophys. J. vol. 734, is.1, pp. 1–11. DOI: 10.1088/0004- 637X/734/1/5   На основании обзора Северного неба, выполненного с помощью крупнейшего радиотелескопа декаметровых волн УТР-2, построены карты распределенного низкочастотного радиоизлучения для обширных областей этой небесной полусферы, включая область вблизи минимума галактического излучения (42º<δ200<45º, 7h45m<α200<8h35m). В диапазоне 12.6÷25 МГц построены двухтемпературные зависимости яркостных температур фонового излучения для различных пар частот этого диапазона (метод T-T диаграмм). Это позволило определить дифференциальный спектр излучения гало Галактики из указанной области неба, спектральный индекс которого равен βG =2.81±0.03. Кроме того, многочастотный метод T-T диаграмм дал возможность определить яркостные температуры изотропного метагалактического фонового излучения в декаметровом диапазоне длин волн, значения которых составили (60±10.0), (41.7±6.0), (30.6±4.2), (19.5±3.6), (11.6±10.0) кК на частотах 12.6, 14.7, 16.7, 20, 25 МГц соответственно, со спектральным индексом  βM =2.41±0.1. Вклад Метагалактики составил около 70 % от всего излучения на всех частотах в исследуемой области.Ключевые слова: метагалактический фон, метод T-T диаграмм, спектральный индекс, декаметровый диапазонСтатья поступила в редакцию 13.05.2015Radio phys. radio astron. 2015, 20(3): 205-215СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ1. Wielebinski R. The history of radio continuum surveys // The Magnetized Interstellar Medium: Proc. Conf. B. Uyaniker, W. Reich, and R. 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ARCADE 2 measurement of the absolute sky brightness at 3-90 GHz // Astrophys. J. – 2011. – Vol. 734, Is. 1. – P. 1–11. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/734/1/5  На підставі огляду Північного неба, виконаного за допомогою найбільшого радіотелескопа декаметрових хвиль УТР-2, побудовані карти розподіленого низькочастотного радіовипромінювання для великих областей цієї небесної півсфери, включаючи ділянку поблизу мінімуму галактичного випромінювання (42º<δ200<45º, 7h45m<α200<8h35m). У діапазоні 12.6÷25 МГц побудовано двотемпературні залежності яскравісних температур фонового випромінювання для різних пар частот цього діапазону (метод T-T діаграм). Це дозволило визначити диференційний спектр випромінювання гало Галактики з вказаної ділянки неба, спектральний індекс якого дорівнює βG =2.81±0.03. Крім того, багаточастотний метод T-T діаграм дав можливість визначити яскравісні температури ізотропного метагалактичного фонового випромінювання в декаметровому діапазоні довжин хвиль, значення яких склали (60 ±10.0), (41.7 ± 6.0), (30.6 ± 4.2), (19.5 ± 3.6), (11.6 ±10.0) кК на частотах 12.6, 14.7, 16.7, 20, 25 МГц відповідно зі спектральним індексом βM =2.41±0.1. Внесок Метагалактики склав близько 70 % від усього випромінювання на всіх частотах в досліджуваній області.Ключові слова: метагалактичний фон, метод T -T діаграм, спектральний індекс, декаметровий діапазонСтаття надійшла до редакції 13.05.2015Radio phys. radio astron. 2015, 20(3): 205-215СПИСОК ЛІТЕРАТУРИ1. Wielebinski R. The history of radio continuum surveys // The Magnetized Interstellar Medium: Proc. Conf. B. Uyaniker, W. Reich, and R. 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