ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY

ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY

Purpose: The artificial satellites drag in the atmosphere remains an urgent problem to date. In this work, the artificial satellites data are used in order to study the atmosphere state under various manifestations of solar and geomagnetic activity. The selected satelites were moving uncontrollable...

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Date:2020
Main Author: Komendant, V. H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Видавничий дім «Академперіодика» 2020
Subjects:
artificial satellite
atmosphere
artificial satellite drag
solar activity
geomagnetic activity
space weather
Online Access:http://rpra-journal.org.ua/index.php/ra/article/view/1343
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Radio physics and radio astronomy
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institution Radio physics and radio astronomy
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datestamp_date 2020-12-07T14:28:43Z
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language English
topic artificial satellite
atmosphere
artificial satellite drag
solar activity
geomagnetic activity
space weather
spellingShingle artificial satellite
atmosphere
artificial satellite drag
solar activity
geomagnetic activity
space weather
Komendant, V. H.
ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY
topic_facet artificial satellite
atmosphere
artificial satellite drag
solar activity
geomagnetic activity
space weather
artificial satellite
atmosphere
artificial satellite drag
solar activity
geomagnetic activity
space weather
штучні супутники Землі; атмосфера; гальмування штучних супутників Землі; сонячна активність
геомагнітна активність; космічна погода
format Article
author Komendant, V. H.
author_facet Komendant, V. H.
author_sort Komendant, V. H.
title ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY
title_short ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY
title_full ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY
title_fullStr ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY
title_full_unstemmed ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY
title_sort on the character of an artificial satellite drag under various states of solar and geomagnetic activity
title_alt ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY
ЩОДО ХАРАКТЕРУ ГАЛЬМУВАННЯ ШТУЧНИХ СУПУТНИКІВ ЗЕМЛІ ЗА РІЗНИХ СТАНІВ СОНЯЧНОЇ Й ГЕОМАГНІТНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ
description Purpose: The artificial satellites drag in the atmosphere remains an urgent problem to date. In this work, the artificial satellites data are used in order to study the atmosphere state under various manifestations of solar and geomagnetic activity. The selected satelites were moving uncontrollable being good indicators of the upper atmosphere state. The B-star (drag term) drag coefficient is used in this work. This term is used in the SGP and SDP models to take into account the resistance of the atmosphere to the satelite orbital motion. The data of the drag of two artificial satellites, one moving in elliptical and the other in circular orbits at midlatitudes (orbital plane angles of 58°-60°) were considered. These data include the end of the 23rd solar activity cycle, as well as the growth, the maximum and the decay phases of the 24th solar cycle (years 2005–2017). Seven periods of anomalous drag of the satellites were analyzed. They are: 4 monthly periods (two in 2005 and two in 2011) and 3 yearly periods (within 19.07.2014 to 22.08.2015), five-year long (2005–2010) and six-year long (2011–2017) periods.Design/methodology/approach: The periodogram analysis was made. This allowed to reveal the periodic processes in changes in the state of the atmosphere of different duration. The correlation coefficients of the B-star drag term with the indices of solar and geomagnetic activity were calculated. The analysis of extreme drag of the satellites in the periods of the increased solar and geomagnetic activity (intervals of observation lasting a month) was made.Findings: Using the solar and geomagnetic data we found that some month-long part of the anomalous drag periods were followed by flares on the Sun and the arrival of the coronal mass ejections into the near-Earth space. At time intervals of yearlong observations the highest values (0.5-0.7) were obtained for the coefficients of the B-star parameter correlation with the solar activity indices – solar radiation at the wavelength of 10.7 cm, F10.7, and Lyman alpha radiation, Lα. At monthly time intervals, the largest values of the correlation coefficients were obtained for the B-stars with the electron fluxes with energiesabove 0.6 and 2 MeV, E, (0.3-0.5), the Lyman alpha radiation, Lα, (0.58–0.73 for a сircular orbit satellite), and the solar constant, TSI, (0.3–0.6), as well as the geomagnetic storms intensity index, Dst , (0.66–0.69). Periodogram calculations show the presence of a whole spectrum of periods in the deceleration of a circular orbit satellite and a dedicated period for an elliptical orbit satellite.Conclusions: The B-star drag term dependences on the indices of solar and geomagnetic activity during some periods of their intensification for the 23–24 cycles of solar activity are considered. The periodogram analysis made together with the analysis of the conditions and parameters of space weather allows to see the general and more detailed picture of the solar and geomagnetic activity influence on the change in the motion of the satellite in the atmosphere. The B-star drag term helps to consider only the atmosphere influence on the artificial satellite movement in the near-Earth space.Key words: artificial satellite, atmosphere, artificial satellite drag, solar activity, geomagnetic activity, space weatherManuscript submitted  19.10.2020Radio phys. radio astron. 2020, 25(4): 308-323REFERENCES1. JACCHIA, L. G., SLOWEY, J. W. and CAMPBELL, I. G., 1968. A Study of the Semiannual Density Variation in the Upper Atmosphere from 1958 to 1966, Based on Satellite Drag Analysis. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(69)90122-62. VON ZAHN, U., 1970. Neutral air density and composition at 150 kilometers. J. Geophys. Res. Space. Phys. vol. 75, is. 28, 5517–5527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JA075i028p055173. JACCHIA, L. G., 1965. Density Variations in the Heterosphere. SAO Spec. Rep. No. 184.4. HARRIS, I. and PRIESTER, W., 1962. Time-dependent structure of the upper atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 286–301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1962)019<0286:TDSOTU>2.0.CO;25. NICOLET, M., 1963. Solar radio flux and temperature of the upper atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. vol. 68, is. 22, pp. 6121–6144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ068i022p061216. KING, J. W., ECCLES, D., LEGG, A. J., SMITH, P. A., GALINDO, P. A., KAISER, B. A., PREECE, D. m. and RICE, K. C., 1964. An Explanation of Various Ionospheric and Atmospheric Phenomena including the Anomalous Behaviour of the F-Region. Radio Research Station, Ditton Park, Slough, England. Document No. RRS/I.M. 191, December7. JACCHIA, L. G., 1967. Recent Results in the Atmospheric Region above 200 km and Comparisons with CIRA 1965. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 245.8. ROEMER, M. 1967. Geomagnetic activity effect and 27–day variation: response time of the thermosphere and lower exosphere. In: R. L. SMITH-ROSE, S. A. BOWHILL, and J. W. KING, eds. Space Research VII., Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ. Co., pp. 1091–1099.9. JACCHIA, L. G., 1967. Properties of the Upper Atmosphere Determined from Satellite Orbits. Philos. Tran. R. Soc. Lond. A. vol. 262, no. 1124, pp. 157–171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1967.004310. DOORNBOS, E. and KLINKRAD, H., 2006. Modelling of space weather effects on satellite drag. Adv. Space Res. vol. 37, is. 6, pp. 1229–1239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.09711. KRASSOVSKY, V. I., 1968. Heating of the Upper Atmosphere during Geomagnetic Disturbances. Nature. vol. 217, is. 5134, pp. 1136–1137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/2171136a012. COLE, K. D., 1971. Electrodynamic heating and movement of the thermosphere. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 1, pp. 59–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(71)90067-513. ILLÉS-ALMÁR, E., 2004. Two distinct sources of magnetospheric heating in the atmosphere: the aurora and ring current. Adv. Space Res. vol. 34, is. 8, pp. 1773–1778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.05914. CROFT, T. A., 1971. Corotating Regions in the Solar Wind, Evident in Number Density Measured by a Radio-Propagation Technique. Radio Sci. vol. 6, is. 1, pp. 55–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/RS006i001p0005515. SLOWEY, J., 1964. Atmospheric Densities and Temperatures from the Drag Analysis of the Explorer 17 Satellite. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 157.16. JACCHIA, L. G., SLOWEY, J. and VERNIANI, F., 1967. Geomagnetic perturbations and upper-atmosphere heating. J. Geophys. Res. vol. 72, is. 5, pp. 1423–1434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ072i005p0142317. KING-HELE, D. G. and WALKER, D. M. C., 1971. Air density at heights near 180 km in 1968 and 1969, from the orbit of 1967-31a. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 3, pp. 297–311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(71)90094-818. MAY, B. R. and MILLER, D. E., 1971. The correlation between air density and magnetic disturbance deduced from changes of satellite spin-rate. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 1, pp. 39–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(71)90065-119. SLOWEY, J. W., 1984. Dynamic model of the Earth’s upper atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch.20. FRIIS-CHRISTENSEN, E., LASSEN, K., WILHJELM, J., WILCOX, J. M., GONZALEZ, W. and COLBURN, D. S., 1972. Critical component of the interplanetary magnetic field responsible for large geomagnetic effects in the polar cap. J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. vol. 77, is. 19, pp. 3371–3376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JA077i019p0337121. BELETSKY, V. V., 1965. Motion of an Artificial Satellite with Respect to the Center of Mass. Moscow, Russia: Nauka Publ. (in Russian)22. ROY, A., 1981. Orbital motion. Moscow, Russia: Mir Publ. (in Russian)23. KELSO, T., 1998. Frequently Asked Questions: Two-Line Element Set Format. Satellite Times. vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 52–54.24. HOOTS, F. R. and ROEHRICH, R. L., 1988. Models for Propagation of NORAD Element Sets. Spacetrack Report. no. 3.25. VALLADO, D. A., CRAWFORD, P., HUJSAK, R. and KELSO, T. S., 2017. Revisiting Spacetrack Report no. 3: Rev2. In: AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialists Conference and Exhibit. Keystone, CO: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., id. AIAA 2006-6753-Rev2. Available from: http:celestrak.com/publications/AIAA/2006-6753/AIAA-2006-6753-Rev2.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-675326.NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION. Catalog of solar activity and space weather – Weekly [online]. [viewed 18 June 2020]. Available from: ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/warehouse/2015/WeeklyPDF/
publisher Видавничий дім «Академперіодика»
publishDate 2020
url http://rpra-journal.org.ua/index.php/ra/article/view/1343
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spelling rpra-journalorgua-article-13432020-12-07T14:28:43Z ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY ЩОДО ХАРАКТЕРУ ГАЛЬМУВАННЯ ШТУЧНИХ СУПУТНИКІВ ЗЕМЛІ ЗА РІЗНИХ СТАНІВ СОНЯЧНОЇ Й ГЕОМАГНІТНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ Komendant, V. H. artificial satellite; atmosphere; artificial satellite drag; solar activity; geomagnetic activity; space weather artificial satellite; atmosphere; artificial satellite drag; solar activity; geomagnetic activity; space weather штучні супутники Землі; атмосфера; гальмування штучних супутників Землі; сонячна активність, геомагнітна активність; космічна погода Purpose: The artificial satellites drag in the atmosphere remains an urgent problem to date. In this work, the artificial satellites data are used in order to study the atmosphere state under various manifestations of solar and geomagnetic activity. The selected satelites were moving uncontrollable being good indicators of the upper atmosphere state. The B-star (drag term) drag coefficient is used in this work. This term is used in the SGP and SDP models to take into account the resistance of the atmosphere to the satelite orbital motion. The data of the drag of two artificial satellites, one moving in elliptical and the other in circular orbits at midlatitudes (orbital plane angles of 58°-60°) were considered. These data include the end of the 23rd solar activity cycle, as well as the growth, the maximum and the decay phases of the 24th solar cycle (years 2005–2017). Seven periods of anomalous drag of the satellites were analyzed. They are: 4 monthly periods (two in 2005 and two in 2011) and 3 yearly periods (within 19.07.2014 to 22.08.2015), five-year long (2005–2010) and six-year long (2011–2017) periods.Design/methodology/approach: The periodogram analysis was made. This allowed to reveal the periodic processes in changes in the state of the atmosphere of different duration. The correlation coefficients of the B-star drag term with the indices of solar and geomagnetic activity were calculated. The analysis of extreme drag of the satellites in the periods of the increased solar and geomagnetic activity (intervals of observation lasting a month) was made.Findings: Using the solar and geomagnetic data we found that some month-long part of the anomalous drag periods were followed by flares on the Sun and the arrival of the coronal mass ejections into the near-Earth space. At time intervals of yearlong observations the highest values (0.5-0.7) were obtained for the coefficients of the B-star parameter correlation with the solar activity indices – solar radiation at the wavelength of 10.7 cm, F10.7, and Lyman alpha radiation, Lα. At monthly time intervals, the largest values of the correlation coefficients were obtained for the B-stars with the electron fluxes with energiesabove 0.6 and 2 MeV, E, (0.3-0.5), the Lyman alpha radiation, Lα, (0.58–0.73 for a сircular orbit satellite), and the solar constant, TSI, (0.3–0.6), as well as the geomagnetic storms intensity index, Dst , (0.66–0.69). Periodogram calculations show the presence of a whole spectrum of periods in the deceleration of a circular orbit satellite and a dedicated period for an elliptical orbit satellite.Conclusions: The B-star drag term dependences on the indices of solar and geomagnetic activity during some periods of their intensification for the 23–24 cycles of solar activity are considered. The periodogram analysis made together with the analysis of the conditions and parameters of space weather allows to see the general and more detailed picture of the solar and geomagnetic activity influence on the change in the motion of the satellite in the atmosphere. The B-star drag term helps to consider only the atmosphere influence on the artificial satellite movement in the near-Earth space.Key words: artificial satellite, atmosphere, artificial satellite drag, solar activity, geomagnetic activity, space weatherManuscript submitted  19.10.2020Radio phys. radio astron. 2020, 25(4): 308-323REFERENCES1. JACCHIA, L. G., SLOWEY, J. W. and CAMPBELL, I. G., 1968. A Study of the Semiannual Density Variation in the Upper Atmosphere from 1958 to 1966, Based on Satellite Drag Analysis. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(69)90122-62. VON ZAHN, U., 1970. Neutral air density and composition at 150 kilometers. J. Geophys. Res. Space. Phys. vol. 75, is. 28, 5517–5527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JA075i028p055173. JACCHIA, L. G., 1965. Density Variations in the Heterosphere. SAO Spec. Rep. No. 184.4. HARRIS, I. and PRIESTER, W., 1962. Time-dependent structure of the upper atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 286–301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1962)019<0286:TDSOTU>2.0.CO;25. NICOLET, M., 1963. Solar radio flux and temperature of the upper atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. vol. 68, is. 22, pp. 6121–6144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ068i022p061216. KING, J. W., ECCLES, D., LEGG, A. J., SMITH, P. A., GALINDO, P. A., KAISER, B. A., PREECE, D. m. and RICE, K. C., 1964. An Explanation of Various Ionospheric and Atmospheric Phenomena including the Anomalous Behaviour of the F-Region. Radio Research Station, Ditton Park, Slough, England. Document No. RRS/I.M. 191, December7. JACCHIA, L. G., 1967. Recent Results in the Atmospheric Region above 200 km and Comparisons with CIRA 1965. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 245.8. ROEMER, M. 1967. Geomagnetic activity effect and 27–day variation: response time of the thermosphere and lower exosphere. In: R. L. SMITH-ROSE, S. A. BOWHILL, and J. W. KING, eds. Space Research VII., Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ. Co., pp. 1091–1099.9. JACCHIA, L. G., 1967. Properties of the Upper Atmosphere Determined from Satellite Orbits. Philos. Tran. R. Soc. Lond. A. vol. 262, no. 1124, pp. 157–171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1967.004310. DOORNBOS, E. and KLINKRAD, H., 2006. Modelling of space weather effects on satellite drag. Adv. Space Res. vol. 37, is. 6, pp. 1229–1239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.09711. KRASSOVSKY, V. I., 1968. Heating of the Upper Atmosphere during Geomagnetic Disturbances. Nature. vol. 217, is. 5134, pp. 1136–1137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/2171136a012. COLE, K. D., 1971. Electrodynamic heating and movement of the thermosphere. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 1, pp. 59–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(71)90067-513. ILLÉS-ALMÁR, E., 2004. Two distinct sources of magnetospheric heating in the atmosphere: the aurora and ring current. Adv. Space Res. vol. 34, is. 8, pp. 1773–1778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.05914. CROFT, T. A., 1971. Corotating Regions in the Solar Wind, Evident in Number Density Measured by a Radio-Propagation Technique. Radio Sci. vol. 6, is. 1, pp. 55–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/RS006i001p0005515. SLOWEY, J., 1964. Atmospheric Densities and Temperatures from the Drag Analysis of the Explorer 17 Satellite. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 157.16. JACCHIA, L. G., SLOWEY, J. and VERNIANI, F., 1967. Geomagnetic perturbations and upper-atmosphere heating. J. Geophys. Res. vol. 72, is. 5, pp. 1423–1434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ072i005p0142317. KING-HELE, D. G. and WALKER, D. M. C., 1971. Air density at heights near 180 km in 1968 and 1969, from the orbit of 1967-31a. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 3, pp. 297–311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(71)90094-818. MAY, B. R. and MILLER, D. E., 1971. The correlation between air density and magnetic disturbance deduced from changes of satellite spin-rate. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 1, pp. 39–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(71)90065-119. SLOWEY, J. W., 1984. Dynamic model of the Earth’s upper atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch.20. FRIIS-CHRISTENSEN, E., LASSEN, K., WILHJELM, J., WILCOX, J. M., GONZALEZ, W. and COLBURN, D. S., 1972. Critical component of the interplanetary magnetic field responsible for large geomagnetic effects in the polar cap. J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. vol. 77, is. 19, pp. 3371–3376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JA077i019p0337121. BELETSKY, V. V., 1965. Motion of an Artificial Satellite with Respect to the Center of Mass. Moscow, Russia: Nauka Publ. (in Russian)22. ROY, A., 1981. Orbital motion. Moscow, Russia: Mir Publ. (in Russian)23. KELSO, T., 1998. Frequently Asked Questions: Two-Line Element Set Format. Satellite Times. vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 52–54.24. HOOTS, F. R. and ROEHRICH, R. L., 1988. Models for Propagation of NORAD Element Sets. Spacetrack Report. no. 3.25. VALLADO, D. A., CRAWFORD, P., HUJSAK, R. and KELSO, T. S., 2017. Revisiting Spacetrack Report no. 3: Rev2. In: AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialists Conference and Exhibit. Keystone, CO: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., id. AIAA 2006-6753-Rev2. Available from: http:celestrak.com/publications/AIAA/2006-6753/AIAA-2006-6753-Rev2.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-675326.NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION. Catalog of solar activity and space weather – Weekly [online]. [viewed 18 June 2020]. Available from: ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/warehouse/2015/WeeklyPDF/ Purpose: The artificial satellites drag in the atmosphere remains an urgent problem to date. In this work, the artificial satellites data are used in order to study the atmosphere state under various manifestations of solar and geomagnetic activity. The selected satelites were moving uncontrollable being good indicators of the upper atmosphere state. The B-star (drag term) drag coefficient is used in this work. This term is used in the SGP and SDP models to take into account the resistance of the atmosphere to the satelite orbital motion. The data of the drag of two artificial satellites, one moving in elliptical and the other in circular orbits at midlatitudes (orbital plane angles of 58°-60°) were considered. These data include the end of the 23rd solar activity cycle, as well as the growth, the maximum and the decay phases of the 24th solar cycle (years 2005–2017). Seven periods of anomalous drag of the satellites were analyzed. They are: 4 monthly periods (two in 2005 and two in 2011) and 3 yearly periods (within 19.07.2014 to 22.08.2015), five-year long (2005–2010) and six-year long (2011–2017) periods.Design/methodology/approach: The periodogram analysis was made. This allowed to reveal the periodic processes in changes in the state of the atmosphere of different duration. The correlation coefficients of the B-star drag term with the indices of solar and geomagnetic activity were calculated. The analysis of extreme drag of the satellites in the periods of the increased solar and geomagnetic activity (intervals of observation lasting a month) was made.Findings: Using the solar and geomagnetic data we found that some month-long part of the anomalous drag periods were followed by flares on the Sun and the arrival of the coronal mass ejections into the near-Earth space. At time intervals of yearlong observations the highest values (0.5-0.7) were obtained for the coefficients of the B-star parameter correlation with the solar activity indices – solar radiation at the wavelength of 10.7 cm, F10.7, and Lyman alpha radiation, Lα. At monthly time intervals, the largest values of the correlation coefficients were obtained for the B-stars with the electron fluxes with energiesabove 0.6 and 2 MeV, E, (0.3-0.5), the Lyman alpha radiation, Lα, (0.58–0.73 for a сircular orbit satellite), and the solar constant, TSI, (0.3–0.6), as well as the geomagnetic storms intensity index, Dst , (0.66–0.69). Periodogram calculations show the presence of a whole spectrum of periods in the deceleration of a circular orbit satellite and a dedicated period for an elliptical orbit satellite.Conclusions: The B-star drag term dependences on the indices of solar and geomagnetic activity during some periods of their intensification for the 23–24 cycles of solar activity are considered. The periodogram analysis made together with the analysis of the conditions and parameters of space weather allows to see the general and more detailed picture of the solar and geomagnetic activity influence on the change in the motion of the satellite in the atmosphere. The B-star drag term helpsto consider only the atmosphere influence on the artificial satellite movement in the near-Earth space.Key words: artificial satellite, atmosphere, artificial satellite drag, solar activity, geomagnetic activity, space weatherManuscript submitted  19.10.2020Radio phys. radio astron. 2020, 25(4): 308-323REFERENCES1. JACCHIA, L. G., SLOWEY, J. W. and CAMPBELL, I. G., 1968. A Study of the Semiannual Density Variation in the Upper Atmosphere from 1958 to 1966, Based on Satellite Drag Analysis. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 265.2. VON ZAHN, U., 1970. Neutral air density and composition at 150 kilometers. J. Geophys. Res. Space. Phys. vol. 75, is. 28, 5517–5527. DOI: 10.1029/JA075i028p055173. JACCHIA, L. G., 1965. Density Variations in the Heterosphere. SAO Spec. Rep. No. 184.4. HARRIS, I. and PRIESTER, W., 1962. Time-dependent structure of the upper atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 286–301. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1962)019<0286:TDSOTU>2.0.CO;25. NICOLET, M., 1963. Solar radio flux and temperature of the upper atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. vol. 68, is. 22, pp. 6121–6144. DOI: 10.1029/JZ068i022p061216. KING, J. W., ECCLES, D., LEGG, A. J., SMITH, P. A., GALINDO, P. A., KAISER, B. A., PREECE, D. m. and RICE, K. C., 1964. An Explanation of Various Ionospheric and Atmospheric Phenomena including the Anomalous Behaviour of the F-Region. Radio Research Station, Ditton Park, Slough, England. Document No. RRS/I.M. 191, December7. JACCHIA, L. G., 1967. Recent Results in the Atmospheric Region above 200 km and Comparisons with CIRA 1965. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 245.8. ROEMER, M. 1967. Geomagnetic activity effect and 27–day variation: response time of the thermosphere and lower exosphere. In: R. L. SMITH-ROSE, S. A. BOWHILL, and J. W. KING, eds. Space Research VII., Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ. Co., pp. 1091–1099.9. JACCHIA, L. G., 1967. Properties of the Upper Atmosphere Determined from Satellite Orbits. Philos. Tran. R. Soc. Lond. A. vol. 262, no. 1124, pp. 157–171.10. DOORNBOS, E. and KLINKRAD, H., 2006. Modelling of space weather effects on satellite drag. Adv. Space Res. vol. 37, is. 6, pp. 1229–1239. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.09711. KRASSOVSKY, V. I., 1968. Heating of the Upper Atmosphere during Geomagnetic Disturbances. Nature. vol. 217, is. 5134, pp. 1136–1137. DOI: 10.1038/2171136a012. COLE, K. D., 1971. Electrodynamic heating and movement of the thermosphere. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 1, pp. 59–75. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(71)90067-513. ILLÉS-ALMÁR, E., 2004. Two distinct sources of magnetospheric heating in the atmosphere: the aurora and ring current. Adv. Space Res. vol. 34, is. 8, pp. 1773–1778. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.05914. CROFT, T. A., 1971. Corotating Regions in the Solar Wind, Evident in Number Density Measured by a Radio-Propagation Technique. Radio Sci. vol. 6, is. 1, pp. 55–63. DOI: 10.1029/RS006i001p0005515. SLOWEY, J., 1964. Atmospheric Densities and Temperatures from the Drag Analysis of the Explorer 17 Satellite. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 157.16. JACCHIA, L. G., SLOWEY, J. and VERNIANI, F., 1967. Geomagnetic perturbations and upper-atmosphere heating. J. Geophys. Res. vol. 72, is. 5, pp. 1423–1434. DOI: 10.1029/JZ072i005p0142317. KING-HELE, D. G. and WALKER, D. M. C., 1971. Air density at heights near 180 km in 1968 and 1969, from the orbit of 1967-31a. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 3, pp. 297–311. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(71)90094-818. MAY, B. R. and MILLER, D. E., 1971. The correlation between air density and magnetic disturbance deduced from changes of satellite spin-rate. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 1, pp. 39–48. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(71)90065-119. SLOWEY, J. W., 1984. Dynamic model of the Earth’s upper atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch.20. FRIIS-CHRISTENSEN, E., LASSEN, K., WILHJELM, J., WILCOX, J. M., GONZALEZ, W. and COLBURN, D. S., 1972. Critical component of the interplanetary magnetic field responsible for large geomagnetic effects in the polar cap. J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. vol. 77, is. 19, pp. 3371–3376. DOI: 10.1029/JA077i019p0337121. BELETSKY, V. V., 1965. Motion of an Artificial Satellite with Respect to the Center of Mass. Moscow, Russia: Nauka Publ. (in Russian)22. ROY, A., 1981. Orbital motion. Moscow, Russia: Mir Publ. (in Russian)23. KELSO, T., 1998. Frequently Asked Questions: Two-Line Element Set Format. Satellite Times. vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 52–54.24. HOOTS, F. R. and ROEHRICH, R. L., 1988. Models for Propagation of NORAD Element Sets. Spacetrack Report. no. 3.25. VALLADO, D. A., CRAWFORD, P., HUJSAK, R. and KELSO, T. S., 2017. Revisiting Spacetrack Report no. 3: Rev2. In: AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialists Conference and Exhibit. Keystone, CO: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., id. AIAA 2006-6753-Rev2. Available from: http:celestrak.com/publications/AIAA/2006-6753/AIAA-2006-6753-Rev2.pdf26.NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION. Catalog of solar activity and space weather – Weekly [online]. [viewed 18 June 2020]. Available from: ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/warehouse/2015/WeeklyPDF/ Предмет і мета роботи: Гальмування штучних супутників Землі в атмосфері залишається актуальною проблемою. З метою дослідження стану атмосфери при різних проявах сонячної та геомагнітної активності в роботі використано дані штучних супутників Землі. Обрані космічні апарати рухалися у некерованому стані і були хорошими індикаторами стану верхніх шарів атмосфери. У роботі використано коефіцієнт гальмування B-star (drag term). Цей коефіцієнт в моделях SGP і SDP служить для врахування опору атмосфери орбітальному руху космічного апарата. Розглянуто дані про гальмування двох штучних супутників Землі, які рухалися одинза еліптичною, а другий за круговою орбітою на середніхширотах (нахил орбіт 58°-60°). Досліджуваний інтервалчасу включає фазу спаду 23-го циклу сонячної активностіта фази зростання, максимуму і спаду 24-го сонячного цик-лу (2005–2017 рр.). Розглянуто 7 явно виражених періодівгальмування цих супутників – 4 періоди по одному місяцю(два у 2005 р. і два у 2011 р.), і 3 періоди тривалістю в рік(з 19 липня 2014 р. до 22 серпня 2015 р.), в п’ять років(2005–2010 рр.) та шість років (2011–2017 рр.).Методи і методологія:Виконано періодограмний аналіз, що дозволив виявити періодичні процеси в змінах стану атмосфери різної тривалості. Зроблено розрахунки коефіцієнтів кореляції B-star з індексами сонячної та геомагнітної активності. Виконано аналіз екстремальних гальмувань супутників в періоди підвищеної сонячної і геомагнітної активності (інтервали спостережень тривалістю в місяць).Результати: З використанням сонячних і геомагнітних даних було встановлено, що частина аномальних періодів гальмування тривалістю в місяць супроводжувалася спалаховими явищами на Сонці і приходом корональних викидів маси в навколоземний простір. На інтервалах спостережень в один рік найвищі значення (0.5-0.7) були отримані для коефіцієнтів кореляції параметра B-star з індексами сонячної активності: з радіовипромінюванням Сонця на довжині хвилі 10.7 см (F10.7) і з випромінюванням Лаймана альфа (Lα). На часовому інтервалі спостережень в один місяць найбільшізначення отримані для коефіцієнтів кореляції B-star з потоками електронів з енергіями понад 0.6 і 2 МеВ (0.3-0.5), з випромінюванням Лаймана альфа Lα (0.58-0.73 для супутника на круговій орбіті), з сонячною сталою TSI (0.3-0.6), а також з індексом інтенсивності геомагнітних бур Dst (0.66-0.69). Розрахунки періодограмм демонструють присутність цілого спектра періодів в гальмуванні супутника на круговій орбіті і виділеного періоду для супутника на еліптичній орбіті.Висновки: Розглянуто залежності коефіцієнту гальмування B-star від індексів сонячної і геомагнітної активності під час окремих періодів їх посилення протягом 23–24 циклів сонячної активності. Проведений періодограмний аналіз в поєднанні з аналізом умов і параметрів космічної погоди дозволяє побачити загальну і більш детальну картину впливу сонячної і геомагнітної активності на зміну руху штучних супутників Землі в атмосфері. Коефіцієнт B-star допомагаєрозглядати вплив виключно атмосфери на рух штучних апаратів в навколоземному просторі.Ключові слова: штучні супутники Землі, атмосфера, гальмування штучних супутників Землі, сонячна активність, геомагнітна активність, космічна погодаСтаття надійшла до редакції  19.10.2020Radio phys. radio astron. 2020, 25(4): 308-323СПИСОК ЛІТЕРАТУРИ1. JACCHIA, L. G., SLOWEY, J. W. and CAMPBELL, I. G., 1968. A Study of the Semiannual Density Variation in the Upper Atmosphere from 1958 to 1966, Based on Satellite Drag Analysis. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 265.2. VON ZAHN, U., 1970. Neutral air density and composition at 150 kilometers. J. Geophys. Res. Space. Phys. vol. 75, is. 28, 5517–5527. DOI: 10.1029/JA075i028p055173. JACCHIA, L. G., 1965. Density Variations in the Heterosphere. SAO Spec. Rep. No. 184.4. HARRIS, I. and PRIESTER, W., 1962. Time-dependent structure of the upper atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 286–301. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1962)019<0286:TDSOTU>2.0.CO;25. NICOLET, M., 1963. Solar radio flux and temperature of the upper atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. vol. 68, is. 22, pp. 6121–6144. DOI: 10.1029/JZ068i022p061216. KING, J. W., ECCLES, D., LEGG, A. J., SMITH, P. A., GALINDO, P. A., KAISER, B. A., PREECE, D. m. and RICE, K. C., 1964. An Explanation of Various Ionospheric and Atmospheric Phenomena including the Anomalous Behaviour of the F-Region. Radio Research Station, Ditton Park, Slough, England. Document No. RRS/I.M. 191, December7. JACCHIA, L. G., 1967. Recent Results in the Atmospheric Region above 200 km and Comparisons with CIRA 1965. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 245.8. ROEMER, M. 1967. Geomagnetic activity effect and 27–day variation: response time of the thermosphere and lower exosphere. In: R. L. SMITH-ROSE, S. A. BOWHILL, and J. W. KING, eds. Space Research VII., Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ. Co., pp. 1091–1099.9. JACCHIA, L. G., 1967. Properties of the Upper Atmosphere Determined from Satellite Orbits. Philos. Tran. R. Soc. Lond. A. vol. 262, no. 1124, pp. 157–171.10. DOORNBOS, E. and KLINKRAD, H., 2006. Modelling of space weather effects on satellite drag. Adv. Space Res. vol. 37, is. 6, pp. 1229–1239. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.09711. KRASSOVSKY, V. I., 1968. Heating of the Upper Atmosphere during Geomagnetic Disturbances. Nature. vol. 217, is. 5134, pp. 1136–1137. DOI: 10.1038/2171136a012. COLE, K. D., 1971. Electrodynamic heating and movement of the thermosphere. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 1, pp. 59–75. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(71)90067-513. ILLÉS-ALMÁR, E., 2004. Two distinct sources of magnetospheric heating in the atmosphere: the aurora and ring current. Adv. Space Res. vol. 34, is. 8, pp. 1773–1778. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.05914. CROFT, T. A., 1971. Corotating Regions in the Solar Wind, Evident in Number Density Measured by a Radio-Propagation Technique. Radio Sci. vol. 6, is. 1, pp. 55–63. DOI: 10.1029/RS006i001p0005515. SLOWEY, J., 1964. Atmospheric Densities and Temperatures from the Drag Analysis of the Explorer 17 Satellite. SAO Spec. Rep. no. 157.16. JACCHIA, L. G., SLOWEY, J. and VERNIANI, F., 1967. Geomagnetic perturbations and upper-atmosphere heating. J. Geophys. Res. vol. 72, is. 5, pp. 1423–1434. DOI: 10.1029/JZ072i005p0142317. KING-HELE, D. G. and WALKER, D. M. C., 1971. Air density at heights near 180 km in 1968 and 1969, from the orbit of 1967-31a. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 3, pp. 297–311. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(71)90094-818. MAY, B. R. and MILLER, D. E., 1971. The correlation between air density and magnetic disturbance deduced from changes of satellite spin-rate. Planet. Space Sci. vol. 19, is. 1, pp. 39–48. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(71)90065-119. SLOWEY, J. W., 1984. Dynamic model of the Earth’s upper atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch.20. FRIIS-CHRISTENSEN, E., LASSEN, K., WILHJELM, J., WILCOX, J. M., GONZALEZ, W. and COLBURN, D. S., 1972. Critical component of the interplanetary magnetic field responsible for large geomagnetic effects in the polar cap. J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. vol. 77, is. 19, pp. 3371–3376. DOI: 10.1029/JA077i019p0337121. BELETSKY, V. V., 1965. Motion of an Artificial Satellite with Respect to the Center of Mass. Moscow, Russia: Nauka Publ. (in Russian)22. ROY, A., 1981. Orbital motion. Moscow, Russia: Mir Publ. (in Russian)23. KELSO, T., 1998. Frequently Asked Questions: Two-Line Element Set Format. Satellite Times. vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 52–54.24. HOOTS, F. R. and ROEHRICH, R. L., 1988. Models for Propagation of NORAD Element Sets. Spacetrack Report. no. 3.25. VALLADO, D. A., CRAWFORD, P., HUJSAK, R. and KELSO, T. S., 2017. Revisiting Spacetrack Report no. 3: Rev2. In: AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialists Conference and Exhibit. Keystone, CO: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., id. AIAA 2006-6753-Rev2. Available from: http:celestrak.com/publications/AIAA/2006-6753/AIAA-2006-6753-Rev2.pdf26.NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION. Catalog of solar activity and space weather – Weekly [online]. [viewed 18 June 2020]. Available from: ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/warehouse/2015/WeeklyPDF/ Видавничий дім «Академперіодика» 2020-11-30 Article Article application/pdf http://rpra-journal.org.ua/index.php/ra/article/view/1343 10.15407/rpra25.04.308 РАДИОФИЗИКА И РАДИОАСТРОНОМИЯ; Vol 25, No 4 (2020); 308 RADIO PHYSICS AND RADIO ASTRONOMY; Vol 25, No 4 (2020); 308 РАДІОФІЗИКА І РАДІОАСТРОНОМІЯ; Vol 25, No 4 (2020); 308 2415-7007 1027-9636 10.15407/rpra25.04 en http://rpra-journal.org.ua/index.php/ra/article/view/1343/pdf Copyright (c) 2020 RADIO PHYSICS AND RADIO ASTRONOMY

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