Nanocomposite Coatings for Wear Protection at High Temperatures
The investigation results of friction and wear of the developed detonation composite coatings FeAl2-Ti-Si-B under high-temperature friction conditions are presented. The choice of FeAl2-Ti-Si-B composition and its optimal content for spraying wear-resistant coatings loaded with friction under high-t...
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| Дата: | 2024 |
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| Автори: | , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
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General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2024
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Репозитарії
System Research in Energy| _version_ | 1871104337117184000 |
|---|---|
| author | Shchepetov, Vitalii Kharchenko, Sergii Kharchenko, Olena Dolzhenko, Gennadii |
| author_facet | Shchepetov, Vitalii Kharchenko, Sergii Kharchenko, Olena Dolzhenko, Gennadii |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Vitalii Shchepetov",
"institution": null
},
{
"author": "Sergii Kharchenko",
"institution": null
},
{
"author": "Olena Kharchenko",
"institution": null
},
{
"author": "Gennadii Dolzhenko",
"institution": null
}
] |
| author_sort | Shchepetov, Vitalii |
| baseUrl_str | https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-18T12:57:48Z |
| description | The investigation results of friction and wear of the developed detonation composite coatings FeAl2-Ti-Si-B under high-temperature friction conditions are presented. The choice of FeAl2-Ti-Si-B composition and its optimal content for spraying wear-resistant coatings loaded with friction under high-temperature conditions are justified. It is noted that the alloying elements at definite concentrations and technological parameters of spraying have a positive influence on the structure, properties, and quality assurance of multicomponent coatings. It is shown that the introduction of silicon and boron contributes the formation of hard-alloy high-temperature compounds with increased wear resistance. The maximum microhardness corresponds to the Cr-Si coatings with ~ 28 % titan content. In addition, the mechanical properties of the obtained material are improved by additional alloying of ~ 22 % silicon and bor. In turn, the coatings plating at a working gas flow rate in a ratio for acetylene ~ (20/25) l/min and oxygen ~ (22/27) l/min provides the chemical composition and spraying process parameters permanence as well as constant properties of coatings. The obtained results show that for the coatings of FeAl2-Ti-Si-B system at loading 5.0 MPa, sliding speed 1.5 m/s, and temperature up to 650 °C the stable performance of structural adaptability, which ensures the friction and wear parameters minimization, is demonstrated. The metallographic analysis and strip chart recording of specimens indicate that the friction surfaces are characterized by the absence of visible defects; the separate cold-welded regions are located in thin-film surface layers. The composition, structure, and tribological durability of coatings produced from the elements of the country's resource base were studied; their high adhesion, physical and mechanical characteristics and wear resistance under high-temperature conditions were defined. The thin-film surface structure patterns and properties were investigated with the help of modern physical and chemical methods of analysis. It was determined that the combination of mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the investigated coatings provides vide opportunities for their usage as effective materials under high-temperature wear conditions. According to the test results, the application of the investigated composite coatings for friction unit efficiency improvement provides their operational reliability in accordance with requirements and opportunities that appear with the development of a new competitive material for wear-resistant coatings obtained with the help of the detonation method. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15407/srenergy2024.01.065 |
| first_indexed | 2026-03-24T02:03:14Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2024. 1(76) 65
ISSN 2786-7102 (Online), ISSN 2786-7633 (Print)
https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2024.01.065
UDC 629.083
Vitalii Shchepetov1, Dr. Sci. (Engin.), Professor, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-8307
Sergii Kharchenko1*, PhD (Engin.), https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-7607
Olena Kharchenko2, PhD (Engin.), Associate Professor, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-8548
Gennadii Dolzhenko1
1General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine;
2National Aviation University, 1, Liubomyra Huzara Ave., Kyiv, 03058, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: nanoavia@ukr.net
_______________________________________________________________________________________
NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS FOR WEAR PROTECTION AT HIGH
TEMPERATURES
Abstract. The investigation results of friction and wear of the developed detonation composite coatings
FeAl2-Ti-Si-B under high-temperature friction conditions are presented. The choice of FeAl2-Ti-Si-B
composition and its optimal content for spraying wear-resistant coatings loaded with friction under high-
temperature conditions are justified. It is noted that the alloying elements at definite concentrations and
technological parameters of spraying have a positive influence on the structure, properties, and quality
assurance of multicomponent coatings. It is shown that the introduction of silicon and boron contributes
the formation of hard-alloy high-temperature compounds with increased wear resistance. The maximum
microhardness corresponds to the Cr-Si coatings with ~ 28 % titan content. In addition, the mechanical
properties of the obtained material are improved by additional alloying of ~ 22 % silicon and bor. In
turn, the coatings plating at a working gas flow rate in a ratio for acetylene ~ (20/25) l/min and oxygen ~
(22/27) l/min provides the chemical composition and spraying process parameters permanence as well as
constant properties of coatings. The obtained results show that for the coatings of FeAl2-Ti-Si-B system at
loading 5.0 MPa, sliding speed 1.5 m/s, and temperature up to 650 °C the stable performance of
structural adaptability, which ensures the friction and wear parameters minimization, is demonstrated.
The metallographic analysis and strip chart recording of specimens indicate that the friction surfaces are
characterized by the absence of visible defects; the separate cold-welded regions are located in thin-film
surface layers. The composition, structure, and tribological durability of coatings produced from the
elements of the country's resource base were studied; their high adhesion, physical and mechanical
characteristics and wear resistance under high-temperature conditions were defined. The thin-film
surface structure patterns and properties were investigated with the help of modern physical and
chemical methods of analysis. It was determined that the combination of mechanical, physical, and
chemical properties of the investigated coatings provides vide opportunities for their usage as effective
materials under high-temperature wear conditions. According to the test results, the application of the
investigated composite coatings for friction unit efficiency improvement provides their operational
reliability in accordance with requirements and opportunities that appear with the development of a new
competitive material for wear-resistant coatings obtained with the help of the detonation method.
Keywords: detonation coating: wear resistance, surface layer, structural adaptability, temperature.
1. Introduction
Friction and wear processes are among the most important scientific-technical domains where the
challenges to be faced in day-to-day life are investigated by using theoretical and applied approaches.
Typical to the majority of mating and moving machinery parts operating under friction is to perform their
working and production functions at elevated temperatures.
Temperature as one of the operational factors, being an important friction characteristic, as well as the
thermal processes resulting therewith, affect directly the shaping of the physicochemical and mechanical
properties of surface layers.
Nonetheless, despite being vitally important, the theoretical and practical studies dealing with the high
temperature wear of detonation coatings are fairly limited in number in scientific publications while some
individual papers and published works available do not help make up for this gap. Thereby the investigations
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-8307
Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2024. 1(76) 66
aimed at discovering the effects of thermal factors on a detonation coating wear behavior remain a matter of
topical interest nowadays.
The aim of this work was to summarize the theoretical and practical findings on the tribological
stability of resistant to temperature FeAl2-Ti-Si-B type coatings developed to protect the machine elements
operating in a high temperature friction environment.
The economic attractiveness was an important factor to consider at the point of choosing and
substantiating the composition and coating structure. The coatings of interest do not contain scarce and
costly components.
2. Experimental Procedure
The research was based on the general technical requirements consistent with the procedure for testing
material wear resistance at high temperatures [1]. To approximate as much as possible the physicochemical
mechanics of friction and wear to real operating conditions, the appropriate changes have been made
therewith. The tests have been carried out with a sliding velocity of 1.5 m/s and, a load of 5.0 MPа, using a
М-22PV unit, the equipment designed at Frantsevich Institute for Problems in Materials Sciences under the
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IPMS NASU) [2].
The friction temperature of specimens has been measured using the chrome-compel thermocouples
fabricated from a categorized wire.
Inherent to the current status of triboengineering material science is a large-scale application of
physical research techniques. The physicochemical properties, micro-phase analysis of the surface layers
state responsible for activation trends, intensification of mechano-chemical oxidation, and frictional seizure
have been studied by electron diffraction technique. The investigations have been carried out using an
electron diffraction camera EMP-100 (reflection shooting at 100 kV) and X-ray microspectral analysis made
with a microanalyzer "Kameka". In determining true concentrations, some corrections for the main effects
have been introduced using suitable software [3].
The data on qualitative and quantitative compositions, element chemical state, presence of defects, and
functional groups in the near-surface layers have been obtained by the Auger-electron spectroscopy method
with a "Jamp-10S" plant under the "JEOL" procedure. Auger spectra have been registered at 5-10-8 А, 10 кV
accelerating voltage, 2-10-7 Pа vacuum, with a 30 μm diameter probe. Metallographic research has been done
with the help of a MIM-8M microscope.
Obtaining microsections manufactured by the technique outlined in the work [4] was an important step
in the qualitative study of the coating structure.
3. Results and Discussion
Most of the tasks involved with friction and wear, despite the exceptional role the protection coatings
play in engineering, are still being solved by way of experiments. Also, the choice of a rational composition
such as the FeAl2-Ti-Si-B coatings, was involved with a component effect estimation which was made on the
structural basis [5].
The relationship between titanium and silicon content and microhardness (Нµ) and wear intensity (Iw)
in the coatings is plotted in Figures 1 and 2.
As seen in the plot, the detonation FeAl2-Ti-Si-B coatings with a titanium content of ~ 28 % have total
microhardness. With a titanium content taken as uniform in the system, we determine an optimal content of
silicon.
Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2024. 1(76) 67
Fig. 1. Dependence of microhardness on Ti content
The choice of iron powder as a starting material, being rather inexpensive, not critical, and standard
[6], has been also governed by its capability of being repeatedly alloyed, especially, by elements with limited
solubility [7–9]. The thermodiffusion impregnation with aluminum and bor is beneficial to a solid solution
hardening and formation of iron aluminides and borides refractory phases, exhibiting a trend for grain
refinement and improving durability therewith. The incorporation of titanium and silicon, which form part of
an iron solid solution and harden it, is conducive to the formation of intricately alloyed high-temperature
structures causing a dispersed hardening, thus increasing wear resistance due to the formation of a
considerable body of strengthening phases with high thermodynamic stability. As found in the tests, the
alloying elements exert a positive effect on the structure and coating properties only with definite
concentrations whose best values have been specified by the experiment.
Fig. 2. Dependence of microhardness (1) and wear intensity (2) on Si content
The spraying process parameters play a great role in providing high-quality multicomponent coatings.
A set of tests has been performed to define the effect of a working gas ratio and the extent of barrel filling
with the gaseous mixture on the operating characteristics of the coatings.
Figure 3 shows the relationship between wear intensity and barrel filling with acetylene-oxygen
mixture (in a ratio of 1 to 1.1). Spraying, involving a working gas flow with a ratio of 22/27 – 24/29 for
acetylene-oxygen, provides a maximum wear resistance which correlates explicitly with a coating bond
strength as illustrated in Fig. 3.
Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2024. 1(76) 68
Fig. 3. Dependence of coating wear intensity, and adhesion strength on gas flow rate in spraying
The invariance of chemical composition and spraying process variables dictates the fixed properties of
the coatings whose relative density comes to ~ 95 %.
The findings obtained upon optimizing the FeAl2-Ti-Si-B coatings, by a X-ray microspectral analysis,
allow the structure to be categorized as a fine conglomerate of inclusions (more than 65 % of volume) like
aluminides of iron (Fe3Al, FeAl2, Fe3Al5, FeAl3), titanium (Ti3Al, TiAl2, TiAl3), and silicides (Fe3Si, Fe2Si,
Fe5Si3; TiSi, TiSi2), except for binomial intermetallic inclusions. Imposition of associated concentration
maximums points to a possible existence of the complex refractory phases like (Fe, Ti)Al, (Fe, Si)AI, solid
solutions Ti5Si3-Fe5Si3. The Intermetallic compounds have been found to be responsible for the formation of
solid solutions by dissolving initial components. The changes in the physical-mechanical properties of the
coatings as a result of alloying are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Physical-mechanical properties of the coatings
Coating content Thickness, mm σв, GPа σизг, MPa σcц, MPa Нµ, MPa
FeAl2 0.15–0.25 0.45–0.50 380–430 45–51 11 000
FeAl2-Ti 0.15–0.25 0.53–0.66 550–600 62–79 17 000
FeAl2-Ti-Si 0.17–0.27 0.65–0.82 630–790 71–92 18400
FeAl2-Ti-Si-B 0.20–0.30 0.80–0.97 670–840 89–110 19 500
A surface layer being friction-loaded is known to pass, in consequence of plastic deformation, into a
thermodynamically unbalanced activated state from which by diffusion and chemical interaction with the
environment it tends to transit to the passive state, resulting in the formation of the secondary thin-filmed
structures [10–12].
The test data indicating the functional dependence of wear intensity on the temperature near the
friction surfaces of the coatings under study are presented in Fig. 4. In elevating temperature as high as
600 °С, the wear process of coatings FeAl2-Ti-Si (curve 1) remains practically stable with normal
mechanochemical wear. According to the test findings the composition of the surface films, shielding the
adhesive interactions in the area of a friction contact, represents along with a main phase the solid
supersaturated solutions based on Fe, Si in α-Аl, oxides Fe2О3–Al2O3, Al2O3-TiO2, as well as a conglomerate
of complex oxide compounds of Fe2TiO5, Fе2(ТiO3)3, FeAl3O4, β- tillite Al2TiO5, mullite Al2SiO5 type, and
silicate of fayalite type FeSiO4, which, as a result of sintering, are responsible for the formation of thin-
filmed heterogeneous surface structures, with a microhardness being 28÷35GPа versus the primary one of up
to 19GPа. Thus, with temperatures increased, the thermomechanical processes and essential structural-phase
changes proceed intensively on account of shearing and compressive stresses in the surface structures and a
near-surface layer.
Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2024. 1(76) 69
Fig. 4. Dependence of wear intensity on temperature:
1 – FeAl2-Ti-Si-B; 2 – Ni-Cr-Al-B; 3 – Al2O3-Cr2O3; 4 – WC-Co (V=1,5m/s; Р=5,0 МPа)
In Fig. 5. are given microstructures and electronograms displaying the kinetics of decomposition in the
structures on the rubbing surfaces of FeAl2-Ti-Si-B coatings.
The rise in temperature activates the processes of coagulation and recrystallization developing on
various scaled levels, which is evidenced by progressive disappearing of rings and appearing of point
reflections on electronograms.
a) b)
Fig. 5. Microstructures and electron diffraction patterns of rubbing
surface of FeAl2-Ti-Si-B coatings tested at temperatures: a) 400 °С (х320); b) 550 °С (х320)
In terms of energy the given secondary structure transformation may be regarded as an adequate
elementary mechanism of a surface layers adaptation in the process of a structural adaptability of friction
system. So, on the one hand, due to the statistical law, the formation and fragmentation phases of secondary
structures do not coincide on the different sections of contact surfaces, but their additive distribution
represents a stable structure-time state. On the other hand the formation of a surface layer structure is not
determinative but follows the principals underlying the minimal dissipative processes [8, 9]. As temperature
is raised (Fig. 4), the totality of surface effects is intensified, which in our opinion is due to a crystal lattice
distortion by plastic deformation on account of fluctuating stresses occurring with friction; in addition, the
occurrence of point and multidimensional defects activates tribochemical reactions.
However, a temperature growth of up to ~ 650 °С, which is critical for the coating under test (curve 1,
Fig. 4), gives rise to destruction processes and leads to inadmissible damaging effects (Fig. 6).
Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2024. 1(76) 70
Fig. 6. Rubbing surfaces of the FeAl2-Ti-Si-B coating illustrating destruction
kinetics upon testing at 650°С (х3000)
The critical temperature limit for the Аl2О3-Сr2О3 (curve 3, Fig.4) coatings under the given rubbing
conditions is ~ 680 °С, a range of normal friction for the coatings of Ni-Cr-Al-B type (curve 2, Fig. 4.) is
limited to ~ 600 °С, while WC-based coatings (curve 4, Fig. 4) remain efficient up to 530 °С.
A thin-filmed oxide phases conglomerate, obstructing the adhesive-molecular interaction of the
surfaces in contact, is a complex object whose integral properties in turn are a function of characteristic traits
and individual properties of simple oxides as substantive self-contained constituents whose properties can be
examined in terms of peculiarity of their structures.
The microhardness of wustite FeO, forming on the rubbing surfaces of FeAl2-Ti-Si coatings, decreases
steadily with temperature lowering while a microhardness jump is observed in the vicinity of 520 °С, which
results from a solid-phase transformation of FeO into more stable oxide Fe2O3. As this takes place, the
microhardness values of these oxides, by lowering temperature, do not agree with the results drawn while
heating, which, in our opinion, is accounted for by different values of a structural-thermal activation and
hence by a contact plastoelastic deformation affecting the anomalous diffusion activity of both oxygen and
other elements, iron included.
The microhardness of hematite Fe2O3, in raising the temperature, goes down with a microhardness
jump occurring as a consequence of a polymorphic β→α transformation. In cooling hematite with a retention
at the moment of measuring the microhardness, the latter has been observed to decrease spasmodically down
to values concurrent with those of the microhardness in magnetite Fе3O4 more spongy and less dense than γ-
Fe2O3. The grit is a dark brown powder. The X-ray phase analysis data corroborate the transformation of
hematite into magnetite which proves to be more stable than iron oxide under the given conditions.
The microhardness of titanium monoxide, which does not undergo polymorphic transformation,
decreases steadily with rise in temperature. It should be also noted that simple oxides are prone to forming
solid solutions in which the dissolution of alloying elements normally leads to increasing the microhardness.
The titanium dioxide TiO2 undergoes polymorphic transformation at 500 °С, the increase of
microhardness at the moment of transformation indicating the transition of a less densely packed brookite
cristaline lattice (rhomb-shaped) into a more densely packed rutile tetragonal lattice. With dissolution of iron
in the titanium dioxide, its microhardness remains nearly unchanged.
In incorporating silicon as an alloying addition into a detonation coating composition, there is formed
a dioxide on the rubbing surface, undergoing, in the temperature range under test, two polymorphous
changes, the first at 500 °С and the second at 700 °С. In the first occurrence, a low-temperature β-quartz has
been found by an X-ray phase analysis to transform into a high temperature α-quartz.
The microhardness of the oxide films of three-valence metals, in this case, Fe2O3 and Al2O3, formed on
the rubbing surfaces, goes down as temperature is increased, however, an Al2O3 microhardness curve in close
proximity to 550÷600 °С has a knee which points to a polymorphous transformation.
As a result of studying the microhardness of the oxide structures being raised under high temperature
wear on the rubbing surfaces of detonation coatings, certain distinctive characteristics should be mentioned,
that is the structures involved, because of their chemical composition, can be found in different states. With
higher temperatures the oxide structures transit to a more stable condition, which causes the change of their
Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2024. 1(76) 71
physical properties. The relationship between microhardness of surface structures and temperature is
normally monotone, if those are not polymorphous, and spasmodic in case the polymorphous changes or
transformations of metastable states into more stable and steady occur with heating or cooling. The curve
bends of the microhardnesses are mostly smooth since the particles of interstitial implantations and
impurities, which markedly affect the microhardness and hence the oxide properties both of simple and
complex compounds, are dissolved and present in the oxide structures.
4. Conclusions
With all the spectrum of structural forms and functional characteristics of machinery, wear resistance
is a general parameter that determinates their reliability and longevity, and yet the creation of the
multifunctional coating to protect them against wear involves the same problem as that of the production of a
wear resistant monolithic material which could cover all the requirements relevant to mechanical
engineering.
Thus, creating new materials is of common interest in this field. In developing the materials, techno-
economic restrictions imposed by a production process, including expenditure of scarce and expensive
components, have been taken into account.
The composition, structure, frictional resistance of FeAl2-Ti-Si-B coatings (using nationally available
resources to produce them), have been studied, the increased level of their adhesive ability, of physical-
mechanical characteristics, and of wear resistance under elevated temperatures, which may be comparable to
heat resistance of heavily alloyed materials, have been proved. The structure and properties of thin-filmed
secondary structures have been tested by using the up-to-date physicochemical techniques.
As proved by the test findings, the introduction of the composition coatings under study for the
purpose of improving the wear resistance of tribological units enhances their functional reliability according
to the requirements thereto and opportunities to be offered by developing a new competitive material for
wear resistant coatings fabricated via detonation spraying technique.
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НАНОКОМПОЗИЦІЙНІ ПОКРИТТЯ ДЛЯ ЗАХИСТУ ВІД
ЗНОШУВАННЯ В УМОВАХ ВИСОКИХ ТЕМПЕРАТУР
Віталій Щепетов1, д-р техн. наук, професор, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-8307
Сергій Харченко1*, канд. техн. наук, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-7607
Олена Харченко2, канд. техн. наук, доцент, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-8548
Геннадій Долженко1
1Інститут загальної енергетики НАН України, вул. Антоновича, 172, м. Київ, 03150,
Україна;
2Національний авіаційний університет, просп. Любомира Гузара, 1, м. Київ, 03058,
Україна
*Автор-кореспондент: nanoavia@ukr.net
Анотація. Наведено результати дослідження тертя та зношування детонаційних композитних
покриттів FeAl2-Ti-Si-В в умовах високотемпературного тертя. Обґрунтовано вибір композиції
FeAl2-Ti-Si-B та її оптимальний склад для напилення зносостійких покриттів, навантажених
тертям в умовах високих температур. Відзначено, що легуючі елементи при певних
концентраціях і технологічних параметрах напилення позитивно впливають на структуру,
властивості та забезпечення якості багатокомпонентних покриттів. Показано, що введення
кремнію та бору сприяє утворенню твердосплавних жаростійких з’єднань з підвищеними
показниками зносостійкості. Максимальна мікротвердість відповідає покриттям Cr-Si з
вмістом титану ~ 28 %. Крім того, механічні властивості отриманого матеріалу покращуються
шляхом додаткового легування ~ 22 % кремнію та бору. У свою чергу, нанесення покриттів при
витраті робочого газу в співвідношенні ацетилену ~ (20/25) л/хв та кисню ~ (22/27) л/хв
забезпечує постійність хімічного складу та параметрів процесу напилення, а також стабільні
властивості покриттів. Отримані результати показують, що для покриттів системи FeAl2-Ti-
Si-B при навантаженні 5,0 МПа, швидкості ковзання 1,5 м/с і температурі до 650 °C стабільні
показники структурної адаптивності, що забезпечує мінімізацію параметрів тертя та
зношування. Металографічний аналіз та електронограми зразків свідчать про те, що поверхні
тертя характеризуються відсутністю видимих дефектів, окремі ділянки острівків зварювання
розташовані в тонкоплівкових поверхневих шарах. Досліджено склад, структуру та трибологічну
довговічність покриттів, отриманих з елементів сировинної бази країни, визначено їх високу
адгезію, фізико-механічні характеристики та зносостійкість в умовах високих температур. За
допомогою сучасних фізико-хімічних методів аналізу досліджено структуру та властивості
тонкоплівкової поверхні. Встановлено, що сукупність механічних, фізичних і хімічних
властивостей досліджуваних покриттів дає можливість використовувати їх як ефективні
матеріали в умовах високотемпературного зношування. За результатами випробувань
встановлено, що застосування досліджуваних композиційних покриттів для підвищення
ефективності вузлів тертя забезпечує їх експлуатаційну надійність відповідно до вимог і
можливостей, що з’являються з розробкою нового конкурентоспроможного матеріалу,
отриманого детонаційним методом.
Ключові слова: детонаційне покриття, зносостійкість, поверхневий шар, структурна
пристосовуваність, температура.
Надійшла до редколегії: 17.01.2024
https://scholar.google.ru/scholar?oi=bibs&cluster=549010385043904522&btnI=1&hl=ru
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1493066
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40042-021-00311-y#auth-Daeho-Kim
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40042-021-00311-y#auth-Sungjun-Lee
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40042-021-00311-y#auth-Suyong-Kwon
https://link.springer.com/journal/40042
mailto:nanoavia@ukr.net
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| id | systemreorg-article-826 |
| institution | System Research in Energy |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-19T01:22:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | systemreorg/e5/f308a79f6c476f30523daf5aca2560e5.pdf |
| spelling | systemreorg-article-8262026-07-18T12:57:48Z Nanocomposite Coatings for Wear Protection at High Temperatures Нанокомпозиційні покриття для захисту від зношування в умовах високих температур Shchepetov, Vitalii Kharchenko, Sergii Kharchenko, Olena Dolzhenko, Gennadii детонаційне покриття, зносостійкість, поверхневий шар, структурна пристосовуваність, температура. detonation coating: wear resistance, surface layer, structural adaptability, temperature. The investigation results of friction and wear of the developed detonation composite coatings FeAl2-Ti-Si-B under high-temperature friction conditions are presented. The choice of FeAl2-Ti-Si-B composition and its optimal content for spraying wear-resistant coatings loaded with friction under high-temperature conditions are justified. It is noted that the alloying elements at definite concentrations and technological parameters of spraying have a positive influence on the structure, properties, and quality assurance of multicomponent coatings. It is shown that the introduction of silicon and boron contributes the formation of hard-alloy high-temperature compounds with increased wear resistance. The maximum microhardness corresponds to the Cr-Si coatings with ~ 28 % titan content. In addition, the mechanical properties of the obtained material are improved by additional alloying of ~ 22 % silicon and bor. In turn, the coatings plating at a working gas flow rate in a ratio for acetylene ~ (20/25) l/min and oxygen ~ (22/27) l/min provides the chemical composition and spraying process parameters permanence as well as constant properties of coatings. The obtained results show that for the coatings of FeAl2-Ti-Si-B system at loading 5.0 MPa, sliding speed 1.5 m/s, and temperature up to 650 °C the stable performance of structural adaptability, which ensures the friction and wear parameters minimization, is demonstrated. The metallographic analysis and strip chart recording of specimens indicate that the friction surfaces are characterized by the absence of visible defects; the separate cold-welded regions are located in thin-film surface layers. The composition, structure, and tribological durability of coatings produced from the elements of the country's resource base were studied; their high adhesion, physical and mechanical characteristics and wear resistance under high-temperature conditions were defined. The thin-film surface structure patterns and properties were investigated with the help of modern physical and chemical methods of analysis. It was determined that the combination of mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the investigated coatings provides vide opportunities for their usage as effective materials under high-temperature wear conditions. According to the test results, the application of the investigated composite coatings for friction unit efficiency improvement provides their operational reliability in accordance with requirements and opportunities that appear with the development of a new competitive material for wear-resistant coatings obtained with the help of the detonation method. Наведено результати дослідження тертя та зношування детонаційних композитних покриттів FeAl2-Ti-Si-В в умовах високотемпературного тертя. Обґрунтовано вибір композиції FeAl2-Ti-Si-B та її оптимальний склад для напилення зносостійких покриттів, навантажених тертям в умовах високих температур. Відзначено, що легуючі елементи при певних концентраціях і технологічних параметрах напилення позитивно впливають на структуру, властивості та забезпечення якості багатокомпонентних покриттів. Показано, що введення кремнію та бору сприяє утворенню твердосплавних жаростійких з’єднань з підвищеними показниками зносостійкості. Максимальна мікротвердість відповідає покриттям Cr-Si з вмістом титану ~ 28 %. Крім того, механічні властивості отриманого матеріалу покращуються шляхом додаткового легування ~ 22 % кремнію та бору. У свою чергу, нанесення покриттів при витраті робочого газу в співвідношенні ацетилену ~ (20/25) л/хв та кисню ~ (22/27) л/хв забезпечує постійність хімічного складу та параметрів процесу напилення, а також стабільні властивості покриттів. Отримані результати показують, що для покриттів системи FeAl2-Ti-Si-B при навантаженні 5,0 МПа, швидкості ковзання 1,5 м/с і температурі до 650 °C стабільні показники структурної адаптивності, що забезпечує мінімізацію параметрів тертя та зношування. Металографічний аналіз та електронограми зразків свідчать про те, що поверхні тертя характеризуються відсутністю видимих дефектів, окремі ділянки острівків зварювання розташовані в тонкоплівкових поверхневих шарах. Досліджено склад, структуру та трибологічну довговічність покриттів, отриманих з елементів сировинної бази країни, визначено їх високу адгезію, фізико-механічні характеристики та зносостійкість в умовах високих температур. За допомогою сучасних фізико-хімічних методів аналізу досліджено структуру та властивості тонкоплівкової поверхні. Встановлено, що сукупність механічних, фізичних і хімічних властивостей досліджуваних покриттів дає можливість використовувати їх як ефективні матеріали в умовах високотемпературного зношування. За результатами випробувань встановлено, що застосування досліджуваних композиційних покриттів для підвищення ефективності вузлів тертя забезпечує їх експлуатаційну надійність відповідно до вимог і можливостей, що з’являються з розробкою нового конкурентоспроможного матеріалу, отриманого детонаційним методом. General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2024-02-16 Article Article application/pdf https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/826 10.15407/srenergy2024.01.065 System Research in Energy; No. 1 (76) (2024): System Research in Energy; 65-72 Системні дослідження в енергетиці; № 1 (76) (2024): Системні дослідження в енергетиці; 65-72 2786-7102 2786-7633 en https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/826/732 Copyright (c) 2024 Vitalii Shchepetov, Sergii Kharchenko, Olena Kharchenko, Gennadii Dolzhenko https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 |
| spellingShingle | детонаційне покриття зносостійкість поверхневий шар структурна пристосовуваність температура. Shchepetov, Vitalii Kharchenko, Sergii Kharchenko, Olena Dolzhenko, Gennadii Nanocomposite Coatings for Wear Protection at High Temperatures |
| title | Nanocomposite Coatings for Wear Protection at High Temperatures |
| title_alt | Нанокомпозиційні покриття для захисту від зношування в умовах високих температур |
| title_full | Nanocomposite Coatings for Wear Protection at High Temperatures |
| title_fullStr | Nanocomposite Coatings for Wear Protection at High Temperatures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanocomposite Coatings for Wear Protection at High Temperatures |
| title_short | Nanocomposite Coatings for Wear Protection at High Temperatures |
| title_sort | nanocomposite coatings for wear protection at high temperatures |
| topic | детонаційне покриття зносостійкість поверхневий шар структурна пристосовуваність температура. |
| topic_facet | детонаційне покриття зносостійкість поверхневий шар структурна пристосовуваність температура. detonation coating: wear resistance surface layer structural adaptability temperature. |
| url | https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/826 |
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