SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED TRANSFORMATION METHODS AND MODELS OF REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF EFFICIENCY, PROFITABILITY, AND RESILIENCE
This paper presents the results of a system analysis of theoretical and applied approaches to the transformation of service-oriented activities of economic agents in the energy sector. Four complementary layers of knowledge are summarized: (1) Service-Dominant Logic (SDL); (2) Product-Service System...
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2026 |
|---|---|
| Автори: | , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
| Опубліковано: |
General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2026
|
| Теми: | |
| Онлайн доступ: | https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/940 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | System Research in Energy |
| Завантажити файл: |  |
Репозитарії
System Research in Energy| _version_ | 1871104441468321792 |
|---|---|
| author | Yevtukhova, Tatyana Novoseltsev, Oleksandr |
| author_facet | Yevtukhova, Tatyana Novoseltsev, Oleksandr |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Tatyana Yevtukhova",
"institution": null
},
{
"author": "Oleksandr Novoseltsev",
"institution": null
}
] |
| author_sort | Yevtukhova, Tatyana |
| baseUrl_str | https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-18T12:57:50Z |
| description | This paper presents the results of a system analysis of theoretical and applied approaches to the transformation of service-oriented activities of economic agents in the energy sector. Four complementary layers of knowledge are summarized: (1) Service-Dominant Logic (SDL); (2) Product-Service Systems (PSS) and Energy-as-a-Service (EaaS); (3) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and cooperative markets; and (4) Energy services and Demand-Side Management models. It is noted that SDL provides a unified framework for aligning the technical, economic, and social aspects of energy system transformation; PSS/EaaS approaches increase asset productivity and energy efficiency while reducing capital costs through outcome-based rather than resource-based contracts; P2P and cooperative architectures foster local energy autonomy, which is crucial for Ukraine’s post-war energy recovery. Energy service markets are becoming the institutional mechanism of digital transformation by involving communities in flexibility markets, while the regional meso-level plays a key integrating role, ensuring coherence among technical, economic, and digital processes. Its function lies in coordinating cross-sectoral and inter-level interactions, promoting energy efficiency and innovation, ensuring resilience, security, and flexibility, and forming a new service-oriented architecture of the national energy complex. It is shown that Ukraine’s regional energy systems will require: the development of EaaS platforms based on Datahub technology enabling smart contracts among consumers, ESCO companies, and system operators; the creation of local flexibility markets within communities; the use of service-oriented models for sustainable microgrids, especially for critical infrastructure (hospitals, educational institutions, military facilities); and the inclusion of value co-creation principles in new editions of the Law “On Energy Efficiency” and ESCO regulations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15407/srenergy2026.01.085 |
| first_indexed | 2026-03-24T02:03:42Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
© YevtukhovaT., Novoseltsev O., 2026
This is an Open Access article under the CC0 1.0 Universal license
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0
ISSN 2786-7633. Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2026. 1(85) 85
https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2026.01.085
UDC 620.9: 621.3
Tatyana Yevtukhova, PhD (Engin.), Associate Professor, https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9687-4631
Oleksandr Novoseltsev*, Dr.Sci. (Engin.), Senior Researcher, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-6789
General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St.,
Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: anovos773@ukr.net
_______________________________________________________________________________________
SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED TRANSFORMATION
METHODS AND MODELS OF REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS IN THE
CONTEXT OF EFFICIENCY, PROFITABILITY, AND RESILIENCE
Abstract. This paper presents the results of a system analysis of theoretical and applied approaches to the
transformation of service-oriented activities of economic agents in the energy sector. Four complementary
layers of knowledge are summarized: (1) Service-Dominant Logic (SDL); (2) Product-Service Systems
(PSS) and Energy-as-a-Service (EaaS); (3) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and cooperative markets; and (4) Energy
services and Demand-Side Management models. It is noted that SDL provides a unified framework for
aligning the technical, economic, and social aspects of energy system transformation; PSS/EaaS
approaches increase asset productivity and energy efficiency while reducing capital costs through
outcome-based rather than resource-based contracts; P2P and cooperative architectures foster local
energy autonomy, which is crucial for Ukraine’s post-war energy recovery. Energy service markets are
becoming the institutional mechanism of digital transformation by involving communities in flexibility
markets, while the regional meso-level plays a key integrating role, ensuring coherence among technical,
economic, and digital processes. Its function lies in coordinating cross-sectoral and inter-level interactions,
promoting energy efficiency and innovation, ensuring resilience, security, and flexibility, and forming a
new service-oriented architecture of the national energy complex. It is shown that Ukraine’s regional
energy systems will require: the development of EaaS platforms based on Datahub technology enabling
smart contracts among consumers, ESCO companies, and system operators; the creation of local flexibility
markets within communities; the use of service-oriented models for sustainable microgrids, especially for
critical infrastructure (hospitals, educational institutions, military facilities); and the inclusion of value co-
creation principles in new editions of the Law “On Energy Efficiency” and ESCO regulations.
Keywords: service-dominant logic, product-service systems, energy-as-a-service, energy services, energy
efficiency, system resilience.
1. Introduction
Regional energy systems (RES) play a key role in achieving Ukraine’s energy sector recovery and
sustainable development goals, actively contributing to energy supply security, maximizing energy efficiency,
integrating renewable energy sources (RES), and utilizing local energy resources. As decentralized systems,
they face a fundamental transformation driven by the increasing adoption of advanced technologies,
digitalization, and new business models. Technically, these systems must optimize the integration of
renewables, ensure resilient infrastructure with distributed generation units, and enhance flexibility through
effective coupling of multiple energy carriers and local storage systems coordinated via supply and demand-
side control. They should provide a system of integrated services that support business processes with a large
number of participants and allow the implementation of business models that serve various market participants,
such as individual consumers and/or their associations, system regulators, energy and service providers and
aggregators. The latter are objects of the multi-product RES infrastructure that perform the functions of
management (coordination, balancing) of distributed energy sources of various types, often located in different
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-6789
86 ISSN 2786-7633. Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2026. 1(85)
sectors of the regional economy (cross-sectoral integration). The implementation of an energy supply
management model that directly connects producers and consumers of RES on a service platform open to
finding partners (technology, investment, marketing), products and services is fundamental. A service-oriented
management model directly linking energy producers and consumers on open digital platforms, where actors
can find partners, technologies, investments, and services, is essential. The transformation requires a paradigm
shift from commodity-based markets (where energy quantities are traded) to value- and outcome-based
markets (where comfort, efficiency, and resilience are traded). The theoretical foundation of this transition
includes SDL, PSS, and EaaS models that foster co-creation of value among producers, consumers, and
intermediaries. Additionally, P2P and cooperative models reduce transaction costs and enhance local system
adaptability. ESCO, EPC, and DSM frameworks provide practical tools for implementing service contracts
and optimizing energy use amid digital and climate challenges.
2. Methods and Materials
2.1. Theoretical Foundations of Service-Dominant Logic
SDL views service as the fundamental basis of exchange, while products act as carriers of service
propositions. Its axioms (value co-created in use, actors as resource integrators, institutions shaping
interactions) form the foundation of energy service markets [1‒9]. In the energy context, SDL shifts focus
from “generation and sale” to value outcomes such as reliability, comfort, and sustainability. Research shows
SDL integrates technical, economic, and institutional systems [1, 2, 8], bridging the gap between “technical
efficiency” and “customer value” by emphasizing co-creation through digital and organizational institutions.
2.2. Theoretical Foundations of Product-Service Systems and “Energy-as-a-Service”
PSS describe business models ranging from product-oriented to result-oriented, promoting circularity
and resource efficiency [10–29]. They combine tangible products with services to meet user needs. Applied to
the circular economy, PSS and EaaS enable “servitization” of the energy sector ‒ transforming suppliers into
service operators [10–16]. Implementing PSS in distributed renewables reduces investment costs and improves
demand control. EaaS contracts extend this model, where payment depends on achieved effects (e.g., heating,
lighting, cooling) rather than energy volume [20–22].
2.3. Theoretical Foundations of P2P Models
P2P energy transforms consumers into prosumers, able to trade energy without a centralized
intermediary. This reduces transaction costs for coordination, increases local efficiency and resilience through
distributed decision-making and stimulating consumer participation [30‒39]. The use of P2P models allows
for increased efficiency and fairness in resource allocation, reduces risks of vulnerability to external threats,
and ensures resilience, adaptability, and transparency in the face of cyber challenges [30‒31]. Hierarchical and
multi-agent optimization P2P schemes [35, 36] allow for the scaling of local platforms to the level of
microgrids and regional clusters, where cooperative models extend this approach by forming system-agreed
contracts for results.
2.4. Theoretical foundations of energy services
Service approaches to energy (ESCO, EPC, EaaS) form the basis for the transition from energy supply
to energy efficiency management [40‒83]. The economic foundations of energy efficiency policy are
considered [40], the EaaS concept is formulated [41], it is shown [44] that district heating systems can provide
balancing services, thereby becoming key elements of local flexibility markets, game models for DSM are
used [50], which allow reducing peak loads and increasing network stability, and it is shown [59, 73] how
national energy services markets are formed, where digital technologies (AI, blockchain, DataHub) increase
transparency and trust between participants. In the article [82], the SDL approach is considered, which opens
up new possibilities for implementing energy services in hybrid microgrid systems, and in [83], the role of
artificial intelligence in increasing the efficiency, sustainability, and resilience of energy systems is
investigated.
ISSN 2786-7633. Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2026. 1(85) 87
2.5. System Analysis of Ukraine’s Energy Complex
A separate section should be noted numerous studies of the Institute of General Power Engineering of
the NAS of Ukraine, devoted to the systematic analysis of structural changes in the functioning of the fuel and
energy sector and its component subsystems in the conditions of rapid growth of the share of renewable energy
sources and their reflection in the structure of the country's energy balance. Thus, the study [84] considers the
key goals of low-carbon development adopted by Ukraine at the international and national levels, which affect
the development of the national power industry and provides estimates of structural changes in the generating
capacities of the Unified Power System of Ukraine for two key years ‒ 2030 and 2035. The work [85] considers
the potential of a holistic approach to the power system, district heating and municipal infrastructure, which is
implemented at the local, regional and national levels.
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Integrative Framework of Service-Oriented Methods and Models
From the point of view of system analysis, the selected set of service-oriented methods and models [1‒
83] considered above is representative, as it connects the functional relationships and mutual influence of these
methods and models, conventionally depicted in Fig. 1 by the Venn-Euler diagram, and the structural
relationships of the components (participants, agents) of the multi-level energy system, conventionally
depicted in Fig. 2 as their P2P interaction at the national, regional and local levels.
Three key directions of transformation are identified:
1. Creation of service-oriented institutions aligning state, business, and community interests.
2. Development of PSS/EaaS business archetypes for electricity, heat, and combined systems.
3. Application of hierarchical and multi-agent optimization models integrating local solutions into
system-of-systems (SoS).
Fig. 3 presents a generalized three-tier energy system model of marketplace integrating energy service
functions across all levels:
Figure 1. Venn-Euler diagram Figure 2. Multi-level P2P interaction
Figure 3. Generalized structure of the energy service marketplace of the energy system
88 ISSN 2786-7633. Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2026. 1(85)
I. National level (macro level):
• Enterprises and networks of national subordination: NNEGC Energoatom, NJSC Naftogaz of
Ukraine, NEC Ukrenergo, Ukrgazvydobuvannya, Centrenergo). Spheres: oil, gas, coal, electric and thermal
energy;
• Energy services:
▪ strategic energy audit and monitoring;
▪ digital platforms (Energy-as-a-Service);
▪ integration of RES into national networks;
▪ efficiency management and balancing of systems.
II. Regional level (mesolevel):
• Regional enterprises and networks (oblenergo, oblgaz, oblteplokomunenergo, local CHP). Tasks:
energy distribution, accounting, balancing supply and demand;
• Energy service:
▪ development of regional energy plans and development programs;
▪ implementation of ISO 50001;
▪ creation of regional energy markets;
▪ demand management (DSM);
▪ ESCO contracts with municipalities;
▪ development of Smart Grid/Heat technologies.
III. End-user level (micro-level):
• Individual and cooperative energy supply systems that form distributed microgrids of energy
production, storage and consumption (households with RES (solar, wind, bioenergy installations), small
businesses and municipal facilities with local energy sources, communities operating as energy cooperatives
or microgrids). Objectives: increasing efficiency, productivity, safety and comfort;
• Energy service:
▪ conducting energy audits;
▪ developing local energy plans and development programs;
▪ creating active consumers;
▪ peer-to-peer energy trading (local energy markets);
▪ demand management (DSM);
▪ energy service contracts with housing and communal services;
▪ implementing ISO 50001;
▪ implementing Smart Grid/Heat Home technologies.
The integrative role of the energy service marketplace, which covers all levels of the energy system, lies
in the system-coordinated implementation of innovations not as a “product distribution” service, but as an
institutional process, where each actor (company, consumer, community) does not simply accept innovation,
but transforms it in accordance with its own resources and values.
3.2. Methods and models
Key analytical tools include:
− Game-theoretic DSM models for peak-load reduction.
− Multi-agent optimization for P2P networks.
− Morphological analysis of PSS/EaaS business archetypes.
− System dynamics and diffusion models for ESCO adoption.
− Top-down and bottom-up modeling linking macroeconomic scenarios with consumer behavior.
− Local flexibility market models for heat and electricity.
ISSN 2786-7633. Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2026. 1(85) 89
4. Conclusions
1. SDL provides a unified framework aligning technical, economic, and social aspects of energy
transformation. PSS/EaaS enhance asset productivity and efficiency through outcome-based contracts. P2P
and cooperative architectures promote local autonomy essential for Ukraine’s post-war energy recovery.
2. Energy service markets institutionalize digital transformation by engaging communities in flexibility
markets. The regional level serves as the integration core, ensuring coherence of technical, economic, and
digital processes. Energy service thus acts as the integrator of Ukraine’s energy complex, enhancing resilience,
innovation, and security while shaping a new service-oriented energy architecture.
3. Ukraine’s RES will require: the development of Datahub-based EaaS platforms with smart contracts
among consumers, ESCOs, and operators; establishment of local flexibility markets; adoption of service-
oriented models for sustainable microgrids (especially for critical infrastructure); and the inclusion of co-
creation principles in energy efficiency legislation.
4.
Funding: This article was prepared as part of the research project “Forecasting the structure and
volumes of the country's energy supply under increasing shares of renewable energy sources in its energy
balance,” carried out at the Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (State
Registration Code 0123U100309) funded by NAS of Ukraine.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Author contributions: Tatyana Evtukhova – methodology and system analysis, text and figures
preparation, editing; Oleksandr Novoseltsev – scientific consulting, conceptualization, review, and editing.
References
1. Sarno, D., & Pierluigi, S. (2022). Exploring the Adoption of Service-Dominant Logic as an Integrative Framework
for Assessing Energy Transitions. Sustainability, 14(15), 9755. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159755
2. Vargo, S. L., Wieland, H., & O'Brien, M. (2023). Service-dominant logic as a unifying theoretical framework for
the re-institutionalization of the marketing discipline. Journal of Business Research, 164, 113965.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113965
3. Nariswari, A., & Vargo, S. L. (2023). Service-Dominant Logic. In Elgar Encyclopedia of Services. Edward Elgar.
Service-Dominant.Logic. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802202595
4. Nguyen, P. (2022). Service-Dominant Logic: A Model of Service Satisfaction and Its Antecedents. European
Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(3), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.3.1404
5. Grönroos, C., & Ravald, A. (2011). Service as business logic: implications for value creation and marketing. Journal
of Service Management, 22(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564231111106893
6. Akaka, M. A., Koskela-Huotari, K., & Vargo, S. L. (2021). Formalizing service-dominant logic as a general theory
of markets. AMS Review, 11, 375–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-021-00214-y
7. Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2016). Institutions and axioms: An extension and update of service-dominant logic.
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(1), 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-015-0456-3
8. Karpen, I. O., Bove, L. L., & Lukas, B. A. (2012). Linking service-dominant logic and strategic business practice.
Journal of Service Research, 15(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670511425697
9. Luca, N. R., Hibbert, S., & McDonald, R. (2016). Towards a service-dominant approach to social marketing.
Marketing Theory, 16(2), 194–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593115607941
10. Lingegård, S. (2020). Product service systems: business models towards a circular economy. Handbook of the
Circular Economy (pp. 61‒73). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972727.00013
11. Tukker, A. (2015). Product services for a resource-efficient and circular economy – a review. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 97, 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.049
12. Henriques, R., Filipa, F., & Joao, N. (2023). Product-Services for a Resource-Efficient and Circular Economy: An
Updated Review. Sustainability, 15, 12077. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151512077
13. Yang, M., Smart, P., Kumar, M., Jolly, M., & Evans, S. (2018). PSS business models for circular supply chains.
Production Planning & Control, 29(6), 498–508. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2018.1449247
14. Barravecchia, F., Franceschini, F., Mastrogiacomo, L., & Zaki, M. (2021). Research on product-service systems.
Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 32(9), 208–238. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-04-2020-0164
15. Vezzoli, C., Ceschin, F., Diehl, J. C., & Kohtala, C. (2015). New Design Challenges to Widely Implement
‘Sustainable PSS’. Journal of Cleaner Production, 97, 1‒12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.061
https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802202595
90 ISSN 2786-7633. Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2026. 1(85)
16. Emili, S., Ceschin, F., & Harrison, D. (2016). PSS applied to Distributed Renewable Energy. Energy for Sustainable
Development, 32, 71–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2016.03.004
17. Piccinini, E., Wayne, G. R., & Lutz, M. K. (2015). Changes in the Producer-Consumer Relationship – Towards
Digital Transformation. Wirtschaftsinformatik Proceedings 2015, 109.
18. Gaiardelli, P., Resta, B., Martinez, V., Pinto, R., & Albores, P. (2014). A classification model for product-service
offerings. Journal of Cleaner Production, 66, 507–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.032
19. Batlles-delaFuente, A., Belmonte-Ureña, L. J., Plaza-Úbeda, J. A., & Abad-Segura, E. (2021). Sustainable Business
Model in the PSS. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10123.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910123
20. Karaca, F., Camci, F., & Turkyilmaz, A. (2018). A PSS design for energy provision. International Journal of
Management and Enterprise Development, 17(3), 244–266. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMED.2018.093538
21. Amaya, J., Lelah, A., & Zwolinski, P. (2014). Design for intensified use in PSS. Journal of Engineering Design,
25(7-9), 280–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2014.974523
22. Kusumaningdyah, W., McLellan, B., & Tezuka, T. (2019). Designing and Evaluating Energy PSS for Japan
Household. Challenges, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/challe10010018
23. Marques, P., Cunha, P. F., Valente, F., & Leitão, A. (2013). A Methodology for PSS Development. Procedia CIRP,
7, 371‒376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2013.06.001
24. Frederiksen, T. B., Pieroni, P. P. M., Pigosso, D. C. A., & McAloone, T. C. (2021). Strategic Development of PSS
through Archetype Assessment. Sustainability, 13(5), 2592. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052592
25. Kwon, M., Lee, J., & Hong, Y. S. (2019). PSS Business Modelling Methodology Using Morphological Analysis.
Sustainability, 11(5), 1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051376
26. Reim, W., Parida, V., & Örtqvist, D. (2015). PSS business models and tactics – a SLR. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 97, 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.07.003
27. Kristensen, H. S., & Remmen, A. (2019). A framework for sustainable value propositions in PSS. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 223, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.074
28. Ceschin, F. (2013). Critical factors for implementing and diffusing sustainable PSS. Journal of Cleaner Production,
45, 74–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.05.034
29. Vezzoli, C., Ceschin, F., Osanjo, L., M’Rithaa, M. K., Moalosi, R., Nakazibwe, V., & Diehl, J. C. (2018). Designing
Sustainable Energy for All. Sustainable PSS. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70223-0
30. Kusatake, E., Imahori, M., & Shinomiya, N. (2023). P2P Energy Trading Model for Optimizing Both Efficiency
and Fairness. Energies, 16(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145501
31. Sadeghi, R., Sadeghi, S., Memari, A., Rezaeinejad, S., & Hajian, A. (2024). A peer-to-peer trading model to enhance
resilience: A blockchain-based smart grids with machine learning analysis towards sustainable development goals.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 450, 141880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141880
32. Islam, S. N. (2024). A Review of P2P Energy Trading Markets. Energies, 17(7), 1702.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071702
33. Zedan, M., Nour, M., Shabib, G., Nasrat, L., & Ali, A. (2024). Review of P2P energy trading. e-Prime ‒ Advances
in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, 10, 100778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2024.100778
34. Ibrahim, R. A., Salih, Y., & Sidiq, F. (2024). Evolution of Cooperative Models: A Comparative Analysis of
Traditional Cooperatives (TC) and New Generation Cooperatives (NGC). International Journal of Humanities, Law,
and Politics, 1(4), 70–74. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijhlp.v1i4.67
35. Li, L., & Yang, X. (2025). Coordinating energy prosumers through multi-energy sharing and carbon responsibility
sharing. iScience, 28(1), 111595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.111595
36. Arévalo, P., Ochoa-Correa, D., Villa-Ávila, E., Iñiguez-Morán, V., & Astudillo-Salinas, P. (2025). Hierarchical and
Multi Agent Optimization Strategies for P2P Energy Management and Electric Machines in Microgrids. Applied
Sciences, 15(9), 4817. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094817
37. Sousa, T., Soares, T., Pinson, P., Moret, F., Baroche, T., & Sorin, E. (2019). Peer-to-peer and community-based
markets: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 104, 367–378.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.036
38. Tushar, W., Saha, T. K., Yuen, C., Smith, D., & Poor, H. V. (2020). Peer-to-peer trading in electricity networks: An
overview. IEEE TSG, 11(4), 3185–3200. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2020.2969657
39. Morstyn, T., Farrell, N., Darby, S. J., & McCulloch, M. D. (2018). Incentivize prosumers to form federated power
plants. Nature Energy, 3, 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-017-0075-y
40. Gillingham, K., Newell, R. G., & Palmer, K. (2009). Energy Efficiency Economics and Policy. Annual Review of
Resource Economics, 1, 597–620. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.resource.102308.124234
41. Xu, Y., Ahokangas, P., & Reuter, E. (2018). EaaS: Electricity as a Service? Journal of Business Models, 6(3).
https://doi.org/10.5278/ojs.jbm.v6i3.1954
42. Harrison, P. A., Dunford, R., Barton, D. N., Kelemen, E., Martín-López, B, Norton, L., Termansen, M.,
Saarikoski, H., Hendriks, K., Gómez-Baggethun, E., Czúcz, B., García-Llorente, M., Howard, D., Jacobs, S.,
Karlsen, M., Kopperoinen, L., Madsen, A., Rusch, G., van Eupen, M., Verweij, P., … Zulian, G. (2018). Selecting
methods for ecosystem service assessment. Ecosystem Services, 29(C), 481–498.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.016
ISSN 2786-7633. Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2026. 1(85) 91
43. Lopes, C., Verbruggen, A., & Pagliano, L. (2000). Completing the Market for Least-Cost Energy Services. SAVE
Programme study.
44. Kamat, D., Ostrowski, K., & Stuebi, R. (1996). Winning in the emerging energy services business. The Electricity
Journal, 9(7), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6190(96)80284-3
45. Eakin, K., & Faruqui, A. (2000). Bundling Value-Added and Commodity Services in Retail Electricity Markets. The
Electricity Journal, 13(10), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6190(00)00168-8
46. Shim, D., Kim, S. W., & Altmann, J. (2017). Strategic management of residential electric services in the competitive
market: Demand-oriented perspective. Energy & Environment, 29(1), 49–66.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X17740234
47. Brockway, P. E., Sorrell, S., Semieniuk, G., Heun, M. K., & Court, V. (2021). Energy efficiency and economy-wide
rebound effects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 141, 110781.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.110781
48. Jiao, X., Wu, J., Mao, Y., Luo, W., & Yan, M. (2023). Energy Management for Regional Energy System with a
Shared Energy Storage. Energies, 16(2), 886. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020886
49. Boldrini, A., Jimenez Navarro, J., Crijns-Graus, W., & Broek, M. (2022). The role of district heating systems to
provide balancing services in the European Union. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 154, 111853.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111853
50. Nguyen, H. K., Song, J. B., & Han, Z. (2012). DSM to reduce Peak-to-Average Ratio using game theory. IEEE
INFOCOM Workshops, 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOMW.2012.6193526
51. Polzin, F., Flotow, P., & Nolden, C. (2016). What encourages local authorities to engage with energy performance
contracting for retrofitting? Evidence from German municipalities. Energy Policy, 94, 317–330.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.03.049
52. Selviaridis, K., Agndal, H., & Axelsson, B. (2011). Business services ‘in the making’: (De)Stabilisation of service
definitions during the sourcing process. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 17(2), 73–86.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2010.08.001
53. Nolden, C., Sorrell, S., & Polzin, F. (2016). Catalyzing the energy service market: intermediaries. Energy Policy,
98, 420–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.08.041
54. Court, V., & Sorrell, S. (2020). Digitalisation of goods: a systematic review of the determinants and magnitude of
the impacts on energy consumption. Environmental Research Letters, 15(4), 043001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-
9326/ab6788
55. Directive 2009/125/EC on ecodesign requirements for energy-related products. Retrieved November 26, 2025, from
http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2009/125/oj
56. Brown, D., Hall, S., Martiskainen, M., & Davis, M. E. (2022). Domestic energy service business models: A typology
and policy recommendations. Energy Policy, 161, 112704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112704
57. Creutzig, F., Callaghan, M., Ramakrishnan, A., Javaid, A., Niamir, L., Minx, J., Müller-Hansen, F., Sovacool, B.,
Afroz, Z., & Andor, M. (2021). Reviewing the scope and thematic focus of 100 000 publications on energy
consumption, services and social aspects of climate change: a big data approach to demand-side mitigation.
Environmental Research Letters, 16(3), 033001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd78b
58. Labanca, N., Suerkemper, F., Bertoldi, P., Irrek, W., & Duplessis, B. (2015). Energy efficiency services for
residential buildings: market situation and existing potentials in the European Union. Journal of Cleaner Production,
109, 284–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.077
59. Gillham, E., Nolden, C., Banks, N., Parrish, B., Mose, T. M., & Sugar, K. (2023). Facilitating application of the
energy service concept. Energy Policy, 178, 113584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113584
60. Andersen, K. S., Termansen, L. B., Gargiulo, M., & Ó Gallachóir, B. P. (2019). Bridging the gap using energy
services: Demonstrating a novel framework for soft linking top-down and bottom-up models. Energy, 169, 277–
293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.153
61. Golove, W., Goldman, C., & Pickle, S. (1998). Purchasing Energy and Related Services in a Restructured Electricity
Industry. LBNL-41817.
62. Baida, Z., Gordijn, J., Sæle, H., Mørch, A. Z., & Akkermans, H. (2004). Energy Services: Real-World Service
Configuration. CAiSE 2004 (LNCS 3084). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25975-6_5
63. Glumac, B., Zanden, J. P., & Schaefer, W. F. (2014). EuroSun: Energy services for business districts. Eurosun 2014.
https://doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2014.19.07
64. Mourtzis, D., Boli, N., Alexopoulos, K., & Różycki, D. (2018). A Framework of Energy Services: From Traditional
Contracts to PSS. Procedia CIRP, 69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.11.118
65. Haas, R., Nakicenovic, N., Ajanovic, A., Faber, T., Kranzl, L., Müller, A., & Resch, G. (2008). Towards
sustainability of energy systems via energy services. Energy Policy, 36(11), 4012–4021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.06.028
66. Leksono, E., Mardiatna, I., Setijadi, A., & Budiyono, A. (2023). Energy as a Service: A Paradigm Shift. The Journal
of Instrumentation, Automation & Systems, 10(3). http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11113649
67. Sorrell, S. (2014). Energy Substitution, Technical Change and Rebound Effects. Energies, 7(5), 2850–2873.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en7052850
68. Dunlop, T. (2022). Energy efficiency: the evolution of a motherhood concept. Social Studies of Science, 52(5), 710–
732. https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127221096171
92 ISSN 2786-7633. Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2026. 1(85)
69. Benedetti, M., Rondini, A., Introna, V., Cesarotti, V., & Cavalieri, S. (2016). Service Engineering Methodology and
Energy Services: Applicability Analysis and Case Study. Procedia CIRP, 47, 358–363.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.03.072
70. Goldbach, K., Rotaru, A. M., Reichert, S., Stiff, G., & Gölz, S. (2018). Which digital energy services improve energy
efficiency? A multi-criteria investigation with European experts. Energy Policy, 115, 239–248.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.12.036
71. Tommasi, L., Papadelis, S., Agrawal, R., & Lyons, P. (2024). Business models for delivering energy efficiency
through smart energy services to the European commercial rented sector. Open Research Europe, 2, 131.
https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15240.1
72. Kowalska-Pyzalska, A. (2018). What makes consumers adopt innovative energy services? A review of incentives
and barriers. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82(3), 3570–3581.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.103
73. Deshko, V., Kovalko, O., Novoseltsev, O., & Yevtukhova, M. (2020). Energy Services Market: Conceptual
Framework and Mechanism of Forming. International Journal of Civil, Mechanical and Energy Science, 6, 48–55.
74. Rosak-Szyrocka, J., Zywiołek, J., & Mrowiec, M. (2022). Analysis of Customer Satisfaction with Energy Market
Services in Poland. Energies, 15(10), 3622. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103622
75. Viljakainen, A., Toivonen, M., & Aikala, M. (2013). Industry transformation towards service logic. Cambridge
Service Alliance Working Paper.
76. Gaspari, M., Lorenzoni, A., Frías, P., & Reneses, J. (2017). Integrated Energy Services for the industrial sector: an
innovative model for sustainable electricity supply. Utilities Policy, 45, 118–127.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2017.03.002
77. Koirala, B., Chaves-Ávila, J., Gomez, T., Hakvoort, R., & Herder, P. (2016). Performance Assessment of Integrated
Community Energy Systems. Energies, 9(12), 981. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9120981
78. Groscurth, H.-M., Bruckner, T., & Kümmel, R. (1995). Modeling of energy-services supply systems. Energy, 20(9),
941–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(95)00067-Q
79. Papachristos, G. (2020). Modelling diffusion of low carbon energy performance contracts. Energy Efficiency, 13,
767–788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09866-4
80. Polzin, F., Flotow, P., & Nolden, C. (2016). Modes of governance for municipal energy efficiency services – The
case of LED street lighting in Germany. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, 133–145.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.100
81. Nolden, C., Nicholls, J., & Barnes, J. (2020). Community energy business model evolution: A review of solar
photovoltaic developments in England. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 122, 109722.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109722
82. Karpenko, D., Yevtukhova, T., & Novoseltsev, O. (2025). An integrated ai-based approach to transforming energy
systems for sustainability and efficiency. System Research in Energy, 3(83), 41‒55.
https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2025.03.041
83. Bielokha, H., Chupryna, L., Denisyuk, S., Eutukhova, T., & Novoseltsev O. (2023). Hybrid Energy Systems and the
Logic of Their Service-Dominant Implementation: Screening the Pathway to Improve Results. Energy Engineering,
120(6), 1307‒1323. https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2023.025863
84. Nechaieva, T., & Babak, V. (2025). Assessment of structural changes in the Ukrainian power system in the context
of decarbonization. System Research in Energy, 3(83), 4‒16. https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2025.03.004
85. Babak, V., Nikitin, Y., & Teslenko, O. (2024). Holistic approach to the systemic transformation of the electric power
industry, district heating and municipal infrastructure. System Research in Energy, 4(80), 6‒25.
https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2024.04.006
СИСТЕМНИЙ АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ І МОДЕЛЕЙ СЕРВІС-
ОРІЄНТОВАНОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ
ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ В КОНТЕКСТІ
ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ, ПРИБУТКОВОСТІ ТА БЕЗПЕКИ
Тетяна Євтухова, канд. техн. наук, доцент, https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9687-4631
Олександр Новосельцев*, д-р техн. наук, ст. наук. співр., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-6789
Інститут загальної енергетики Національної академії наук України, вул. Антоновича, 172,
Київ, 03150, Україна
*Автор-кореспондент: anovos773@ukr.net
Анотація. Представлено результати системного аналізу теоретичних і прикладних підходів до
трансформації сервіс-орієнтованої діяльності економічних агентів в енергетиці. Узагальнено
чотири взаємодоповнюючі пласти знань: (1) Сервіс-домінантна логіка (SDL), (2) Продуктово-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109722
https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2023.025863
https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2025.03.004
https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2024.04.006
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9687-4631
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-6789
ISSN 2786-7633. Системні дослідження в енергетиці. 2026. 1(85) 93
сервісні системи (PSS) та Енергія-як-сервіс (EaaS), (3) Взаємодії кожен з кожним (P2P) та
кооперативні ринки, (4) Енергетичні послуги і керовані попитом моделі. Відзначено, що SDL
формує єдину рамку для узгодження технічних, економічних і соціальних аспектів трансформації
енергетичних систем, PSS/EaaS-підходи підвищують продуктивність активів і
енергоефективність, зменшують капітальні витрати завдяки контрактам на результат, а не на
ресурс, P2P і кооперативні архітектури створюють локальну енергетичну автономію, ключову для
післявоєнного відновлення енергетики України. Енергосервісні ринки стають інституційним
механізмом цифрової трансформації, залучаючи громади до участі у ринках гнучкості, а
регіональний мезорівень стає ключовим, де енергосервіс грає інтегруючу функцію, забезпечуючи
єдність технічних, економічних і цифрових процесів. Його роль полягає у координації між
секторами і рівнями, стимулюванні енергоефективності та інновацій, забезпеченні стійкості,
безпеки і гнучкості системи, формуванні нової сервісно-орієнтованої архітектури паливно-
енергетичного комплексу країни. Показано, що регіональні енергетичні системи України
потребуватимуть: розвитку EaaS-платформ на базі DataHub з можливістю смарт-контрактів
між споживачами, ЕСКО-компаніями та операторами систем; створення локальних ринків
гнучкості у громадах; застосування сервісно-орієнтованих моделей для стійких мікромереж,
особливо для критичної інфраструктури (лікарні, навчальні заклади, військові містечка);
включення принципів спільного створення цінності до нових редакцій Закону «Про енергетичну
ефективність» і положень про ЕСКО.
Ключові слова: сервіс-домінантна логіка, продуктово-сервісні системи, енергія як послуга,
енергосервісні послуги, стійкість системи.
Дата першого надходження статті до журналу: 26.10.2025
Дата прийняття статті до друку після рецензування: 27.01.2026
Дата публікації (оприлюднення): 09.03.2026
|
| id | systemreorg-article-940 |
| institution | System Research in Energy |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-19T01:24:09Z |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | systemreorg/8e/3765a0ba5823c6c4074d6177e2d9328e.pdf |
| spelling | systemreorg-article-9402026-07-18T12:57:50Z SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED TRANSFORMATION METHODS AND MODELS OF REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF EFFICIENCY, PROFITABILITY, AND RESILIENCE Системний аналіз методів і моделей сервіс-орієнтованої трансформації регіональних енергетичних систем в контексті ефективності, прибутковості та безпеки Yevtukhova, Tatyana Novoseltsev, Oleksandr service-dominant logic, product-service systems, energy-as-a-service, energy services, energy efficiency, system resilience. сервіс-домінантна логіка, продуктово-сервісні системи, енергія як послуга, енергосервісні послуги, стійкість системи. This paper presents the results of a system analysis of theoretical and applied approaches to the transformation of service-oriented activities of economic agents in the energy sector. Four complementary layers of knowledge are summarized: (1) Service-Dominant Logic (SDL); (2) Product-Service Systems (PSS) and Energy-as-a-Service (EaaS); (3) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and cooperative markets; and (4) Energy services and Demand-Side Management models. It is noted that SDL provides a unified framework for aligning the technical, economic, and social aspects of energy system transformation; PSS/EaaS approaches increase asset productivity and energy efficiency while reducing capital costs through outcome-based rather than resource-based contracts; P2P and cooperative architectures foster local energy autonomy, which is crucial for Ukraine’s post-war energy recovery. Energy service markets are becoming the institutional mechanism of digital transformation by involving communities in flexibility markets, while the regional meso-level plays a key integrating role, ensuring coherence among technical, economic, and digital processes. Its function lies in coordinating cross-sectoral and inter-level interactions, promoting energy efficiency and innovation, ensuring resilience, security, and flexibility, and forming a new service-oriented architecture of the national energy complex. It is shown that Ukraine’s regional energy systems will require: the development of EaaS platforms based on Datahub technology enabling smart contracts among consumers, ESCO companies, and system operators; the creation of local flexibility markets within communities; the use of service-oriented models for sustainable microgrids, especially for critical infrastructure (hospitals, educational institutions, military facilities); and the inclusion of value co-creation principles in new editions of the Law “On Energy Efficiency” and ESCO regulations. Представлено результати системного аналізу теоретичних і прикладних підходів до трансформації сервіс-орієнтованої діяльності економічних агентів в енергетиці. Узагальнено чотири взаємодоповнюючі пласти знань: (1) Сервіс-домінантна логіка (SDL), (2) Продуктово-сервісні системи (PSS) та Енергія-як-сервіс (EaaS), (3) Взаємодії кожен з кожним (P2P) та кооперативні ринки, (4) Енергетичні послуги і керовані попитом моделі. Відзначено, що SDL формує єдину рамку для узгодження технічних, економічних і соціальних аспектів трансформації енергетичних систем, PSS/EaaS-підходи підвищують продуктивність активів і енергоефективність, зменшують капітальні витрати завдяки контрактам на результат, а не на ресурс, P2P і кооперативні архітектури створюють локальну енергетичну автономію, ключову для післявоєнного відновлення енергетики України. Енергосервісні ринки стають інституційним механізмом цифрової трансформації, залучаючи громади до участі у ринках гнучкості, а регіональний мезорівень стає ключовим, де енергосервіс грає інтегруючу функцію, забезпечуючи єдність технічних, економічних і цифрових процесів. Його роль полягає у координації між секторами і рівнями, стимулюванні енергоефективності та інновацій, забезпеченні стійкості, безпеки і гнучкості системи, формуванні нової сервісно-орієнтованої архітектури паливно-енергетичного комплексу країни. Показано, що регіональні енергетичні системи України потребуватимуть: розвитку EaaS-платформ на базі DataHub з можливістю смарт-контрактів між споживачами, ЕСКО-компаніями та операторами систем; створення локальних ринків гнучкості у громадах; застосування сервісно-орієнтованих моделей для стійких мікромереж, особливо для критичної інфраструктури (лікарні, навчальні заклади, військові містечка); включення принципів спільного створення цінності до нових редакцій Закону «Про енергетичну ефективність» і положень про ЕСКО. General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2026-03-03 Article Article application/pdf https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/940 10.15407/srenergy2026.01.085 System Research in Energy; No. 1 (85) (2026): System Research in Energy; 85-93 Системні дослідження в енергетиці; № 1 (85) (2026): Системні дослідження в енергетиці; 85-93 2786-7102 2786-7633 en https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/940/837 Copyright (c) 2026 Tatyana Yevtukhova, Oleksandr Novoseltsev https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 |
| spellingShingle | service-dominant logic product-service systems energy-as-a-service energy services energy efficiency system resilience. Yevtukhova, Tatyana Novoseltsev, Oleksandr SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED TRANSFORMATION METHODS AND MODELS OF REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF EFFICIENCY, PROFITABILITY, AND RESILIENCE |
| title | SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED TRANSFORMATION METHODS AND MODELS OF REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF EFFICIENCY, PROFITABILITY, AND RESILIENCE |
| title_alt | Системний аналіз методів і моделей сервіс-орієнтованої трансформації регіональних енергетичних систем в контексті ефективності, прибутковості та безпеки |
| title_full | SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED TRANSFORMATION METHODS AND MODELS OF REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF EFFICIENCY, PROFITABILITY, AND RESILIENCE |
| title_fullStr | SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED TRANSFORMATION METHODS AND MODELS OF REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF EFFICIENCY, PROFITABILITY, AND RESILIENCE |
| title_full_unstemmed | SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED TRANSFORMATION METHODS AND MODELS OF REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF EFFICIENCY, PROFITABILITY, AND RESILIENCE |
| title_short | SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED TRANSFORMATION METHODS AND MODELS OF REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF EFFICIENCY, PROFITABILITY, AND RESILIENCE |
| title_sort | system analysis of service-oriented transformation methods and models of regional energy systems in the context of efficiency, profitability, and resilience |
| topic | service-dominant logic product-service systems energy-as-a-service energy services energy efficiency system resilience. |
| topic_facet | service-dominant logic product-service systems energy-as-a-service energy services energy efficiency system resilience. сервіс-домінантна логіка продуктово-сервісні системи енергія як послуга енергосервісні послуги стійкість системи. |
| url | https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/940 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yevtukhovatatyana systemanalysisofserviceorientedtransformationmethodsandmodelsofregionalenergysystemsinthecontextofefficiencyprofitabilityandresilience AT novoseltsevoleksandr systemanalysisofserviceorientedtransformationmethodsandmodelsofregionalenergysystemsinthecontextofefficiencyprofitabilityandresilience AT yevtukhovatatyana sistemnijanalízmetodívímodelejservísoríêntovanoítransformacííregíonalʹnihenergetičnihsistemvkontekstíefektivnostípributkovostítabezpeki AT novoseltsevoleksandr sistemnijanalízmetodívímodelejservísoríêntovanoítransformacííregíonalʹnihenergetičnihsistemvkontekstíefektivnostípributkovostítabezpeki |