Лептони як елементарні кубіти: доцільність та проблеми

• Date: 2026
• Main Author: Kervalishvili, P.J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Publishing house "Academperiodika" 2026
• Subjects: квантовi обчислення; кубiти; лептони; декогеренцiя; квантова корекцiя помилок
• Online Access: https://ujp.bitp.kiev.ua/index.php/ujp/article/view/2023921
• Journal Title: Ukrainian Journal of Physics

Quantum computing traditionally encodes information in engineered quantum systems such as superconducting circuits, trapped ions, or quantum dots. In this theoretical study, we explore a paradigm shift by proposing the direct use of elementary particles, specifically charged leptons (electrons, muons, and tau particles), as natural qubits. We analyze the intrinsic quantum properties of leptons – particularly their spin-1/2 degree of freedom – for qubit encoding, discussing the potential for long coherence times and minimal fabrication complexity. The significant challenges of environmental decoherence, state measurement, and scalability are examined in detail, with a focus on the unique obstacle of particle decay for muons and taus. We propose potential mitigation strategies, including advanced trapping techniques and quantum error correction, and outline future research directions. While substantial experimental hurdles remain, lepton-based qubits represent a promising, fundamental approach to quantum information processing that warrants further investigation.