Decomposability of topological groups

We prove that every countable Abelian group with finitely many second-order elements can be decomposed into countably many subsets that are dense in any nondiscrete group topology.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Date:1999
Main Authors: Zelenyuk, E. G., Зеленюк, Е. Г.
Format: Article
Language:Russian
English
Published: Institute of Mathematics, NAS of Ukraine 1999
Online Access:https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/article/view/4581
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Journal Title:Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal
Download file: Pdf

Institution

Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal
_version_ 1860510727653031936
author Zelenyuk, E. G.
Зеленюк, Е. Г.
Зеленюк, Е. Г.
author_facet Zelenyuk, E. G.
Зеленюк, Е. Г.
Зеленюк, Е. Г.
author_sort Zelenyuk, E. G.
baseUrl_str https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/oai
collection OJS
datestamp_date 2020-03-18T21:09:14Z
description We prove that every countable Abelian group with finitely many second-order elements can be decomposed into countably many subsets that are dense in any nondiscrete group topology.
first_indexed 2026-03-24T03:01:36Z
format Article
fulltext Y~K 512.546 E. F. 3edleHIOK (Y[yZ~K. ml~ycap, nil-r) P A 3 J I O ~ K H M O C T b T O I I O J I O F H q E C K H X I T Y H H We prove that every countable Abelian group with a finite number of second order elements can be decomposed into countable number of subsets which are dense in any nondiscrete group topology. j~OBe~el-lO, H.[O K0~KHy 3qHC,llelnly a6e.qeBy rpyny a CKilIqeHHHM qHCJIOM eJleMenTin nopa/IKy 2 MO~KHa pa36rla~ ~la 3qrlcJleHlle qHcJlo niILMUO~Kmi H.tiJIbHHX y 6y/Ib-~Ki~ lte/IHCKpeTHi~i rpynoBi~l Tono.rlorii. BBe0teHHe. T0noYforrIqecKa~ rpyHHa HaabIBaeTC~ Hepa3no:KHMoil ( R0-Hepa3.no~,.H- M01t), ecnrl ee He~t,3a paa6aT1, aa ~Ba (Ha R0) n~OTmaX nO~tMHO~KeCTBa. B pa6oTe [1] B. B. KoMqbopT n Yl. BaH MHnZ aoKaaanH, q r0 ae~acKpeTHaa HepaanO~KHMaZ TO- aonornaecKaz a6eneBa rpyr iaa CO~aep~KnT 6eCK0neqayto 6y~eBy n o ~ r p y n n y . ]3y~e- BOIl Ha3~BaeTcJ~ r p y a n a nepnoz~a 2. 3KBHBaneHTaaa dp0p~ynHpoBKa TeopeM~a KoM- di3opTa - M a n n a : He~ncKpeTHaa TOI-IOJIOFHqecKa~I a6e.neBa r p y a n a c KoHeqHblM ql.IC- YlOM 3JIeMeHTOB H o p ~ K a 2 paa~ox~Ma. Pasaee B. H. Ma~t~axna B npe~no:aoTxear~H aKCHOM~a MapTHHa nocTpor~a Ha cqeTHOil 6yY[ea0ii r pynne rpynnoay~o TOHOJIOFHIO C e~nHCT~eaabiM CBO6Onn~M cxoaamnMca K ny0a~O y~,Tpa~bn~brp0M [2]. F p y n n a Ma- .nbtXriHa Hepaa~O:~Kn~a. C.ne~oaaTe.nbHO, Ka~K/~aJ~ a6e~qeBa Fpynna, c o ~ e p x a m a a 6ecK0neqHy~O 6y~eBy no~rpynny , B npe~no~ozxeann aKcnnM~,t MapTHHa ~or~ycKaeT He/IHCKpeTHyIO HepaazoxnMy~o rpynn0By~o TOrtO.nOrH~0. ,,Hauan~ae" npH~ep~,l He- /~HcKpeTHbIX Hepa3.rI0YKHMbIX TOHO..rlOFHqeCKHX rpyr[n HeH3BeCTHr~. ~TO O/~Ha r~3 npo6:~eM, nocTaB~enHbtX B [1 ]. ]~a~ee TeopeMa Ko~qbopTa - M H ~ a 6 ~ a ycH~eHa H. B. l'lp0TaCOBm~ c~e/Iy~o~riM o6pa3o~: He/IHcKpeTHa~ Hepaa.uOT~HMaa TOnO- ~IorHqecKaz a6eneBa rpynna co~epacaT OTKpUTy~O CqeTHy~O 6y~eBy n0a rpy r Iny [3]. He/IacKpeTHaa TOHOJIOFHqeCKa~ a6e.neBa Fpynna C KoHeqHblM qttCdIOM ~YleMeHTOB nopJ~z~Ka 2 ~ 0-pa:~nomnMa [4]. F p y n n a HaabmaeTca a6CO.mOTHO pa3~o:~K~4MO~i (a6co.nIOTHO R0-Paa.n0mHMOil), ec~n ee MOmnO paa6nT~ Ha ~Ba (Ha l~ 0) nO~VtHO~KecT~a, n~OTHme a Ja~o6oil He~HCK- peTHOil rpynrtoBoil TOnO.qOrrlri. H p o 6 ~ e ~ a OnHCaHH~ a6CO.alOTHO pa3.nO~aMb~X r p y n n 6 u z a nocTaB~eHa a [1]. H. B. HpOTaCOB, Hcno~ ,aya paa~ laanue MeTOZ~, /IoKa3a.rl a6co.rlIOTHylO pa3YlO~KHMOCTb H a6C0~OTHy~0 b~0-pa3.qO~KHMOCTb MHOFrlX rpynn. O~HH Ha Hart6onee TOHKHX peay.qbTaTOB a aTOM n a n p a a a e m m - - a6COYt}OT- Ha~ paa,uo:a~rt~oCTb rpynnm paL~nona~,a~tx arxcea ~ [5]. OZ~HaKO y~Ke ~onpoc ~ 06 a6coa~OTHOilpa3aoz,~HMocTn Q �9 ~ H a6COn~OTHOII ~0-pa3nO~KHMOCTH ~ OCTa- BaJIHCb OTKpblTblMH. OCHOBHble pe3y-rlbTaTbI ~aHH0~ pa6oT~ COCTaB.rlJtlOT /~Be TeopeM~, B KOT0pblX ycTaHoRneHo, aTO ~ K~acce a6e~e~ax H ~ Knacce caeTmaX aepr~oan~ecKIaX r p y n n Kazx~a~ He/~rIcKpeTHaa g 0-Hepaa'rt~ r p y n n a Co/~ep:~KHT OTKp~,~Ty~O C~eTHy~o 6y~eBy H0~rpynny n Ka~K/~a~i cqeTHa~l a6e~eBa r p y n n a c KOHe'mmM ,anc~ora a z e - MeHTOB nopzz~Ka 2 a6C0YlIOTHO [~ 0"pa3"UO~KHMa" 0 6 e Teoper~u ~[oKa3~BalOTC~I e~H- roam ~eTo~ao~, 6epytuHM naqa:~o c pa6oT~a [6]. 3TOMy MeT0~ay nocazmeH nepBuil nyaKT. Bo BTOpOM nyHKTe C e ro noraom~,~o ~oKaauaaZOTCZ OCHOanue TeopeMu. Bee Tono~ornH rrpe~no0aarazOTCZ xayc~opqboBu~n. 1. d-IOKaJ~bH~e ~tenoTonoaorH~tecKHe r p y n n ~ n HX a l r r o ~ o p ~ n a ~ I , f[eBO- Tononor'HqecKoil rpyHnoil Ha3b~BaeTcJ~ rpynna , CHa67KeHHa~ TOHOJIOI'Helt, B KOTOp0ii aerrpep~aBH~ neB~ae C~BHrH. TononorH~ecKoe npocTpaHCT~O X c Bra~te~eHH~ ~ne- ~teHT0n e (eiarmHtteil) H aaCTHqHOil 6HHapHoil onepam~eil (y~tHO=~CaHeM) Haz~- BaeTCJt JlOKa.nsHOil JIeBOTOrlO.rloFHqeCKOII l"pylIIIOil, eCJIH CytUCCTByeT .rleBOTOHO.nO- r~,~ecKa~ r p y n n a G TaKa~, wro 1) e - - e~HHrma G, 2) X - - 0TKpwra~ 0KpeCTHOCTb e e G, 3) aaCTHaHOe y ~ o ~ e H H e Ha X - - ~ro s TO,~nocTa aac'rn'~Ha.a onepam~a, HH~yt~posaHaaa a a X yMH0a~enHeM Ha G. �9 E. F. 3EJIEHIOK. 1999 I$SN 0041-6053. Y~p. ~tam. ~.'ypn., 1999, m. 51, N ~ 1 41 42 E.F. 3EJIEHIOK d-loKaJIbHa,,q .rleBOTOrlOJIOrnqecKaa rpynna X Ha3t,IBaeTc~ pery.napHo~ (CqeTHOF0 xapaKTepa), ec.nrt npocTpaHcTSo X peryslapHo (rlMeeT c'leTHyrO 6a3y 0KpeCTHOCTel.i e/IrmI4II~). Pery.nJ~pHOCTb npocTpaHc'rBa 03HaqaeT Ha.rlHqHe B Ka~K~OI~ TOqKe 6a3t,I I43 3aMKHyTblX oKpeC'rH0CTelt. J~.rI~! CqeTHI, IX npocTpaHCTB perynapH0CTb 3KBI, I- BaJIeaTHa HyYlsMepHOCTH ~ HaJIHqHIO B KaXt~0~l TOqKe 6a3bI H30TKpbITO-3aMKHyTbIX 0KpeCTHOCTe~. CymeCTBymT Hepery~apH~ae YIeBOTOIIOJIOFHqeCKHe FpyIIIIbl. Hpumep. IlycTb (G, I : ) ~ aeBoTono~orHaecKaa rpynna, co~epmamaa noc~e- J~OBaTe.rlbH0CTb { a n" n < (D } Hee~HHHqHbIX 3J-IeMeHTOB, CXO~$11_I~HXC$I K e~HHHIAe, X ' ~ T0nOJl0rHa Ha G, 6a3y KOTOpOia 06pa3y~T MHOXeca'sa Baaa x ( U \ {an: n < to}), r~e x �9 G, U ~ o a x p m a a oKpeCTHOCTb e~;Hnm~ ( G, x ) . Tor~ta (G, z ' ) JIeBOTOIIOJIOFHqeCKa~I rpynna, ~ 0 6 a s 3aMKHyTa~I oKpeCTHOUI'b e/~HHI4I~bI KOTOpO~ co~epmriT nOqTH BC~O noc~e~o5aTe~aocT~ {an: n < CO}. C:~e~OBaTen~HO, (G, Z') He peryaapHa. IlycT~ X, Y ~ ~ioKazbmae mBOTOnO~OrHaecKne rpynma. Oro6pameHHe f : X -~ --> Y Ha3hlBaeTC~l FOMOM0pCl~H3MOM, eC.rlH /~Jl~I JIIO6OF0 X ~ X Ha[I/IeTc$10KpeCT- H0CT~ U e~HmI~I e x ~X TaKa~, qTO ~ l a BCeX Z e U npoH3Be/~eHrm xz, f ( x ) f ( z ) onpeae:IeH~i r~ f ( x z ) = f ( x ) f ( z ) . Ec:m f : X -->Y - - r0M0vtopqb,3M, TO f ( e x ) = e V. I/IH'beKTHBHblIYl FOMOM0ptlDH3M Ha31~BaeTc~ H30M0pOr~H3MOM. T01I0.rl0FHqeCKHI~t H30- MOpC13H3M .FIOKa.FIbHoI~ JICBOTOFIOdlOFHqeCKO~ rpynnbl Ha ce6.,.q Ha3BIBaCTC~ aBTOMOp- qbr~aMOM. FI0paaKOM aSTOMopqbr~3Ma f : X --->Y Ha3~aBaeTca inf sup { I O(x) l : x e U}, r z e O ( x ) ~ o p 6 r l T a x o m o c a T e ~ H O f, a inf 6epeTca no I~CeBO3MO:a,~HI:,IM oKpecTH0CTaM e/~HHHttrc,~ U. ABTOMOpdpH3M IIOpJ~/~Ka 60.n~me 1 Ha3taBaeTca HexpH- Brta.rlbHb~M. ABTOMopqbH3M Ha3bmaeTc~a O/~HOpO~HblM, ec.nH op6rtTa Bcex Heez;rlHH,-I- amx ~:ieMel-rroB pa~Ho~OUml~. dIeMMa 1. l-lycm~, G ~ neOuct~pemnaa mono.aozu~ec~aa epynna 6e~ omKpt, tmbtx 6y.ae~,tx noOzpynn. ToeOa na G cyu~ecmsyem nempueuam,n~,,a aemo~topdpuam. Ec- .au G a6e.neea nu60 nepuoOuqecKaa, mo na G cyu4ecmeyem nempusua.abnbz~ asmo~topObu3~t ~one~noeo nopaOv.a. ,Zlor,.a~ame.aecmoo. R.rta Kam~oro 3.rleMeHTa a r G paccMOTprlM aBTOMOp~H3M X I-.-> a - l x a . Ilpe/J, IIOYl0mHM, qTO Ka~c,~bll~l TaKOfi aBTOM0pqbH3M TplaBHaJIeH. ~T0 03HaqaeT, wl'o/~.rlg JIIO~0FO 9JIeMeHTa a ~ G Ha~I/~eTC.q 0KpeCTHOCTb e~HHHIAI~I U TaKa~I, qTO aZ ---- ~.a ~d-ij~ Bcex Z ~ U. l'[OKaX<eM, LITO OT06paTKeHHe X I---> X -I 6y/~eT aBTOMopqbH3MOM, l'lycTb X ~ IlpOrlaBO~bHl~Ifl 3.rIeMeHT 143 G, U ~ OKpeCTHOCTb e/IrlHrlI.IJ~I TaKa~l, qTO XZ= ZX /~2IJl Bcex Z ~ U, TOF/~a (XZ) - I = z - l x - I = x - l z - I . I'[OCKO.IIbKy G 6e3 0TKpblTbtX 6ynem,~x r io~rpynn, TO 9TOT aBTOMOpC13H3M He- TpHBHa..rlCH. J"Iem, ta 2. Hycmb X ~ neOuc~pemnaa .ao~a.a~,naa .aeeomono.aozu,.tecv.aa epynna, f ~ aemo.~topdpu3.~t na X ~one~noeo n o p a ~ m. Cy~,ecmeyem ne3ucr.pemHaa .ao- ~a.abnaa .aeeomono.aoew.tec~.aa zpynna X o, o~nopoOn~a aemo~topc]gua:tt f o na X o nops3v.a m u nenpep~,tew~a aamo.~topq3u~t h : X 0 .--.> X maKue, ttmo h . f o = f " h . IIpu,~e:~t, ec.au X pezyaapna, mo X o mat,:.,~e :~to.,w~o e~Sparnt, pe~'.5apnoa. f l[oxa3ame,,bcmeo. Bhtnteaaa B X /IOCTaTOqHO Ma.~yIO oaxphrry~ 0KpeCTH0CTI~ e~rmama, MOam0 ctmTa' i~, wro ~na n io6oro x e X, [O(x ) [ < m. PaCCMOTprIM l~nomecTsO M = { x e X: IO(x)l = m}. 0 , o oT~pm'o . Cm/~0BaTe.m, H0, ~Za .mo6oro x e M I-ia~eTCZ OKpeCTHOCTb e/mHr~ma U TaKaa, aTO x U C_ M. KpoMe wroro, e ~ M'. I lyc 'n , X o = {e} I..J M, h : X 0 ---> X ~ ecTec'r~eavi0e B~tomerarm, ISSN 0041-6053. Y~'p. ~lam. a.'vpn., 1999, m. 51, N ~ I PA3YIO)KHMOCTb TOI'IOJIOFHqECK!dX FPYIIFI 43 f 0 = f i x 0 " CnaO]IriM X 0 TonoJmrriefl, o61,amta 0KpecTrtOCT~Mrl TOqKri X c X 0 MHo~eCTBa BrII1a x ( U fq Xo) , rzte U ~ ROCTaTOqHO Ma.qaa oKpecTnocrb e ~ X. Tor~a X 0 - HeIIncKpeTHaZ ~ o K a ~ H a a JleBoTorIoJIorHqecKa.q rpynna , npHqeM, eCJIH X p e r y ~ a p n a , TO p e r y z a p n a n X 0, h : X 0 -~ X D nenpep~aBmalt aaoMopqbnaM, f 0 : X0 -~X0 D o /mopo]mua aaTo~OpqbnzM nopa~za m, h "f0 = f " h. FlycTb Z (m + 1 ) = { 0, 1 . . . . . m} ~ tmzaH~eczaa rpynna nopa~aza m, g - - noa- cxanoaKa Ha ~ (m + 1 ), 3aztannaa mlrZOM (1 . . . . . m) , @o Z (m + 1 ) ~ npaMaa cyM- Ma CO aK3eMnJIJ~pos ~. (m + 1 ), cHa6menHaa 06blqttOl~ Tononoraeia CyMM~a L r OTo6paxenHa, conocTaB~lammne Ka-XC~oMy uenyJIeBoMy a~eMenTy Ha @~. (m + 1 ) noMep nepBoia H nocze~Hei~ HenyzeBotI zoop/InnaTta. IIoacTaHOBZa g Ha Z (m + 1 ) ecTecTaeHno aHWyunpyeT nO~CTaHOBKy Ha ~ 72- (m + 1 ). 13y~eM o6oanaqaTb ee TaK- ~Ke g. Oqean;tno, wro g ~ r0MeOMopqbHaM, g ( 0 ) = 0 op6HTU Bcex H e a y n e s ~ x a~aeMeHTOa m-aaeMenTta a ~ a a sao6r~x a, b r @ ~ (m + 1 ) TaKHX, wro r ( a ) < l ( b ) , t0 nMeeM g ( a + b) = g ( a ) + g ( b ). C~e~oaaTe~HO, g - - o~nopoan~t l aBTOMOpqbH3M nopaz~za m aa nor~az~no~ ~eBOTOnO~Iorn~ec~oia rpynne (B ~- (m + + 1 ) . 0~ TeopeMa 1. I lycmb X - - c~emnaa neOuc~pemnaa peeynapnaa no~anbnaaneoo- mononozu~tecKa~ epynna, f - - OOnOpOOnbt~ aomo~topqbua.at na X nopaOra m. Cyutecmoyem nenpep~,ton~,t~ uaoztopqbu~.~t h : X na ~ ~. (m + 1 ) maroa, ~tmo 1) ecmt , , y e X u r ( h ( x ) ) + 1 < l (h (y ) ) , mo npou~eebenue x y onpeOe.aeno u h ( x y ) ' = h ( x ) + h ( y ) , 2) h . f = g . h . Ec.au X c,~emnozo xapa~:mepa, mo nenpepbtom, t~ u3o.~topqbu3~t h ~to.,w.~o cOe.aamb mono.ao gu~tecKu~t. ~o~aaaTesxbc-my "reopema 1 n p e ~ n o m z e ~ cze/xymtuym ~eM~y. d-Ien~a 3. Ilycmb X ~ ocemnoe pezy.a~pnoe npocmpancmoo, f ~ zo~teo~top- qbu~t na X, omnocume.abno t~omopozo Ka.,w.Obt~t a,aeztenm u~ X u~teem m-a,ae- ztenmny~o op6umy. To?Oa cyu~ecmoyem pa~6uenue X rta omrpbtmo-aa~mnymbte ,~mo~ecmoa A t . . . . . An, ma~ue, ~tmo f ( A ~ ) = A~, f ( a 2 ) = A3 . . . . . f ~ -~ ( A , , ) = a~. ,HoKaaamee~,cm~o. 3anyMepyeM aJ~e~enrta MH0~(eCTBa X HaTypaJIbHl~IvlH UrlC- .rlaMrl: X = {Xn: n < co}. Pacc~oTpHM 0p6nTy {X 0, f (Xo) . . . . . fm - I ( xo ) ) a.rle~euTa x 0. B~a6epeM OTKp~T0-aaMKHyTym oKpeCTHOCTb U 0 zJ~eMeaTa X o TaKym, qT0 ~r to~ecTaa U 0 , f ( U O) . . . . . f ro - t (UO) ZrIa't,maKTHr, I, n nozo~rn~ A ~ = U o, A ~ = f ( U 0 ) . . . . . A~, ~ = f m - l ( U o ) , X o = A~ ~ ~a~ee , S noc~e/ IoaaTe~,Hocra (Xn: n < CO} n~eM neps~f l ~.rteMeHT, KOTOp~fl He npHHa,/IJIeT, tHr MHO)KeCTBy X 0, He yMa~aa 06mHOCTH, nyCT~ :~TO 6yIXeT X 1 �9 Bta6npaeM OTKpUTo-zaMKHyTy~O oKpeCTH0CT~ U 1 ~ X \ X o aJ~eMenTa x~ Taxy~o, aTO M'H0~ecTBa U l , f ( U t ) . . . . . f ~ -~ (U t ) ~aa~mnZTma, rt nozaraeM a~ = a~ U U I , A 1 = a ~ . . . . . Aim = AOml,.Jfra-l(Ul), X ! = A~U...[.JAlm. l'lpo~o.rl~a.a TaKHM 06pa3oM, nOCTpOHM B03pacTalOl.~He rlOCJIe]IOBaTeJIbHOCTH ISSN 0041-6053. Yrp. ~tam. ~.'vpn., 1999, m. 51, N ~ 1 44 E.F. 3EdlEHIOK MHO:~eCTB { A ~ : rt < t o } . . . . . {Amt: n < c o } , O6"be/~HrleHH~I KOTOpblX A 1 = = [.} { A~ : n < co } . . . . . A m = [.J { Ar~ : n < co } H 6y/lyT Tpe6yeMraMn MHO~XecT~aZ4ri. ,~IoKaaame.at,cm~o m e o p e ~ t u 1, I I y c T s F ~ n o z y r p y n n a CZOB S a~qbaBrtTe (m + 1 ) c nycTsr~ CZOSOM e, L n ~ ~ H o ~ e c r s o s c e x c z o s a s F ~ H H S t n, S~ MHO~KeCTBO BCeX C.rlOB H3 L n, B KOTOpblx nepBble j ~yKB HyncBble, a OCTaglbHble HCHyJIOBI:,IC, 0 _< j < n, S~: = {On}, FIo/xCTaHOBKa g Ha ~ (m + 1) By/~eM O603HaqaT~, ee raK:~Ke g. S,,-= U{S'j : j<n}, S = IJ {S,,: n<co } . eCTeCTBeHHO HHgytlripyeT no / Ic raHo~Ky Ha F . OHCBH~HO, qTO Bee MHO)KeCTBa S; , S n , L ,,, S HHBapHaHTHbZ 0THOCHTeJ[bHO g H op6HTbl BCeX HenycTbIX C~OB H 3 F, OTJIHHHhIX OT O n, m - - ~JIeMeHTbl. l ' lycTb S - - FIpOH3BOglbHOe CJIOBO 1,13 F . Ec~Irl s E S, TO nO~OZ~HM s ' = s s* = s. E c z a m e ~ H F \ S , TO s O}XHO3HaqHO pacK~a~ ,mae - r cz B npoH3Be/~eHne s I "'" s k + 1 , r ~ e ,r S':k§ O < j l < n l , 0 < J 2 < n 2 . . . . . s I E ~Jl ' "'" ' Sk+l E Jk+l ~ 0 < j k < n ~, 0 < j k § �9 B aTOM c a y q a e rtoao:~KnM S" = S 1 .. . S k, s* = Ont+...+ntSk+l. FlyCrb X = { e, x t, x2 . . . . } . K a ~ o M y c z o B y s H F conocTamiM HenycToe OTXphrro-aaMKHyTOe rlO~MI-IO:,,KeCTBO X ( s ) C X H r o q K y X(S) H X ( s ) TaKt.'Ie, HTO X ( e ) = X, x ( a ) = e H aaJ t KazcdIoro n > 1 BblI-IOYlHRtOTC~I cae~tymtuHe yCJIOBH.q: 1) n a a a Kazxaoro s H Sn+ l MHO*ecTsa X ( s - 1 ) , i < m, o6paayroT paa6rter tne X(s), x(sO)= x(s), 2),, ~a~a Bcex s e S , ,_ l , y ~ X ( O n ) n p o a a a e a e H H a x ( s ) y ortpei~e~eHbi H f ( X ( S ) y ) = f ( x ( s ) ) f ( y ) , 3) n /X~a Kazc.aoro s H S n f ( X ( s ) ) = X ( g ( s ) ) , f ( x ( s ) ) = x ( g ( s ) ) , 4)~ ~x~a Kaac, a o r o s H L,, X ( s ) = x ( s ' ) X ( s * ) , x ( s ) = x ( s ' ) x ( s * ) , 5) . x .e {x(s)sH L.}. B~a6epeM OTXp~rro-aa~KHyTyu~ nuBapnanTnyIo (OTHOCHTe~bHO f ) oKpecTHOCTb ez~vmmtu U 1 raxyu~, qTO x 1 ~ U l . T o r ~ a Mno~eCTBO X \ U l TaK>Ke OTKpr~TO- aaMICayTO n aaBapriaaTnO. C o r z a c a o JaeMMe 3 e r o MO~HO paz6nTb Ha OTKpbITO- 3aMKHyThle nOaMHO~IC.eC'I'Ba A 1 . . . . . A m TaKHe, qTO f (A1) -- A 1, f ( A 2) = A 3 . . . . . f ( A m ) = A 1 . Bn6epeM ~neMeHT a e A l TaXOtL qTO Xt ~ O ( a ) . l'Io.rlOhK1,IM X ( 0 ) = U t, X ( 1 ) = A 1, X ( 2 ) = A 2 . . . . . X ( m ) = A m , x(0) = e, X(1) = a, X(2) = f(a) . . . . . x(m) = f z - t ( a ) . (I~4KcrrpyeM n > 1 a npe~tno~o~-nM, , f ro y ~ e onpe/xe~eara X ( s ) , x ( s ) Z ~ t Bcex S r U { L j : j < n }, npa~eM BbmO.rlH~nOTC.q y c ~ o ~ n ~ I j -- 5j / ~ 1 ~ c e x j < n. 0rrpeaearrM X ( s ) , x ( s ) ZIaa s H L , § I'IoKa~KCM, qTO B y c z o s n a x 1 n - 5 n MO~aqO S 3aMCltl4Tb Ha L: 1) x ( s O ) = x ( ( s O ) ' ) x ( ( s O ) * ) = x(~)x(O n) = x ( s ) e = x ( s ) (~ - - c z o ~ o , n o z y - qe rmor na s y~;aaermet4 r tyJte~oro x s o e r a ) , ISSN 0041-60.$3. Yxp. ~tam. ~.'Vpn., 1999, m. 51, N ~ 1 PA3~IO)KHMOCTb TOFIOJIOFHqECKHX FPYl'IH 45 X(sO) = x ( ( s O ) ' ) X ( ( s O ) * ) = x ( s ) X ( O . ) = x ( s ' ) x ( s * ) X ( O . ) = x ( s ' )X( s*O) , X ( s i ) = x ( ( s i ) ' ) X ( ( s i ) * ) = x ( s ' ) X ( s * i ) , I < i < m ; 2) f ( x ( s ) y ) = f ( x ( s ' ) x ( s * ) y ) = f ( x ( s ' ) ) f ( x ( s * ) y ) = f ( x ( s ' ) ) f ( x ( s * ) ) f ( y ) = = f ( x ( s ' ) x ( s * ) ) f ( y ) = f ( x ( s ) ) f ( y ) ; 3) f ( x ( s ) ) = f ( x ( s ' ) x ( s * )) = f ( x ( s ' ) ) f ( x ( s * )) = x ( g ( s ' ) ) x ( g (s*)) = x ( g (s)) . PaCCMOTpHM pa36HeHae MH0mecTBa X MHoxKecTBaMH X ( s ) , s E L n . OLIHO rI3 x(s O)X(s 0), cy- HHX, cKameM X(so) , co~epmnT x,,+l. H0CKO~bKy X ( S o ) = " * TO mecT~yeT Yn+t e X(s~) TaKO~, wro Xn+ l = x(s~)Yn+ I. B~6epeM oaxpraT0-aaMK- HyTyIO HnBaprtaHTHyIO oKpeCTHOCTr~ e/InnHILbl Un+ 1 TaKyIO, qTO/~Jlat Bcex S E S n, y e U,, + 1 rlponasezerlrla x ( s ) y orlpe/~eaem,l, f ( x ( s ) y ) = f ( x ( s ) ) f ( y ) , x ( s ) U n + 1 c c X ( s ) H Yn+l ~ x(s~)Un+l, ec~a Yn+l ~ x(s~). Paa6epeMca sHa~Ia:Ie c MHOmeCTBOM X (0 n)" Paao6beM MHOXeCTBO X (0 n) \ Un + 1 Ha OTKp~To-aamKHyTtae no~Mnoxecama B 1 . . . . . B m TaKae, ~TO f (B i ) = B2, f ( B 2 ) = B 3 . . . . . f ( B m ) = B t (~eMMa 3). Bta6epeM ~:mMenT b e B 1 raI<oll, ~TO Yn+l E O(b) , ec~14 s~ = 0 n. 1-loJaomHM X(OnO ) = U,,+i, X ( 0 , 1 ) = B 1, X(0n2 ) = B 2 . . . . . X (Onm) = B m, X(OnO ) = e, x ( 0 n l ) = b, X(0n2) = f ( b ) . . . . . X(Onm) = f m - l ( b ) . I lyca~ renepb p - - npon3ao~bHoe c~oao na S n , 0T:mqHoe OT O n, O (p ) - - e ro op6HTa. Paao6beM MHoxecamo X(p ) \ x ( p ) U n + 1 rrporlaBo:mao aa OTKpUTo-aaMKHy- Tue nO~MHOmeCTBa C l . . . . . C m rl ma6epeM 3~eMena-ta c I e C l . . . . . c m ~ C m TaKl~e, UT0 Y,*+I ~ O(Cl) [ - J"" [.JO(Cm)' ecart Y,,+I e t . J { O ( x ) : x r I'IOJIO:~XHM X(pO) = x (p )V , ,+ l , X ( p l ) = C 1 . . . . . X ( p m ) = C m , x(pO) = x (p ) , x ( p l ) = cl . . . . . x ( p m ) = c~. ~ n a s e O ( p ) \ { p } X ( s ) , x ( s ) o n p e a e ~ M y c ~ o s a e M 3 ,+ I. I l o c z e TOrO, KaK X ( s ) , x ( s ) onpe~e~en~ ~ a ~cex s e Sn+ l , onpe~e~rtM X ( s ) , x ( s ) ~ a ~cex s e Ln+I \Sn+ 1 yc~om~eM 4n+ 1. 3a~eTrtM, qTO e c ~ a Xn+ 1 { x ( s ) : s e L n } , TO X,,+l = X(So)Y,+ l = X(So)X(So0 = X(Soi) ~aa aeKoToporo i ~ 0 . Hs ycao~HJt 5 n c~le~yeT, arO nocTpoeHHoe OTo6pameHne F ~s~---> x ( s ) e X cyp~eKraSHO. Oao HmiytmPyeT 6rmKtmm h : X --~ @ ~ ( m + 1) ( h ( x ( s ) ) no~Iy- ~aeTcz ~ s npHnHc~marmeM Hy~e~oro xsoera) . IIocKo~m~y vmomecT~a X ( s ) , X ( sO) , X ( s O 0 ) . . . . - - o~pecamocr~ rO,tKH X (S), TO 6aeKlmJ~ h Herrpepbm~a. YC~O~HJt 1, 2 c~e~ymT Ha 4 n, 3n, S qacamocTa, h a3oMopqbnsM. Ec~n X c a e r n o r o xapaKTepa, r o noc~ez~osarez~nOCT~ X(0~) , X(02) . . . . ~OmHO c~e~aa~ 6aaofl 0KpecTaocre l l e~HHattr~ H r o r ~ a h 6 y ~ e r FOM~OMOp~H3MOM. 2. OCHOBHIde pe~ya~,TaT~. TonoJIorHqeCKOC np0CTpaHCTBO Ha3MBaC'fC.q pa3- o z o ~ a ~ ( R 0"pazJm~HMUM)' ccJm c ro MO~KH0 pa~6HTb Ha ~Ba (Ha ~ 0) IIYIOTHHX n o ~ o x e c a m a . 0TMeTx4M c~c~aymttmc rrpocT~C y'l'BCp:h~eHH~I O pa~o~d4~OCam. ISSN 0041-6053. Yrp. ~ m . ~.'vpx., 1999, m. 51, N ~ 1 46 E.F. 3EdlEHtOK I. HenpepuBnUfl 14H~eKTHBHbI~ o6pa3 paano~KnMoro ( l~ o 'pazno~r~Moro) npocT- pancraa paaJaomnM (ll 0 -pa3JIOmrlM). 2. 3aMhtKaurm pa3nox<t4Moro (~0-PaaJIOXriMoro) IIO/~npocTpaHcTaa paa~o:C~HMO ( g O'Paeua~176 3. Eclat o~rlopo/xHoe npocTpaHcamo coRep)KnT paa~ox<nMoe (R0-Paarloml4Moe) no/mpoc'rpaHc'mo, To OHO ~ caMo paa~qom~iMo (R 0-paa~IomHM~ l-lepB~ae RBa yTaepxrd~enria OqeBn/~Hbl, TpeTbe JlerKO cJIe/lyeT H3 ~eMMbl KypaToa- cKoro ~ IIoplta, yraepx/xeHria 2 a O~mOpO~aOCTn. TeopeMa 2. llycm~, ( X, x) ~ o~emnaa ueOuctcpemnaa pezynapnaa ao~a.~,naa .aeeomono.~ozut~ecraa zpynna, f - - nempu6ua.abta,tft OOnOpOOnbtft aemomopqbu3~t na (X, x) Kone~nozo nopaOtca. ToeOa cyu~ecmeyem pa35uenue ~momecmea X na cuemnoe t~uc.ao noano.v, cecme, nnomwoLr e mo6oft neauc~cpemnoa mono,aozuu "c" Ha X maKo12, t~mo 1) ( X, x ' ) ~ .aora.a~,naa .aeeomono.aoeuqecKaa zpynna, 2) f - -nenpepb tonoe omo@amenue a monono~uu x', 3) ~r orpecmnocmb eOunut~bt o mono~o~uu "g nempuoua.abno nepecetcaem r.a,xOyto o~pecmnocmb eOunu~bt a mono.aoeuu x. ,Roraaame,a~mao. 1-IycT~ m ~ nopmxoK a~To~opdprta~a .1:, h: X .-~@ ~ ( m + 0) + 1 ) -- Henpep~a~Ht,lfl naoMop~naM, npe~ocTa~aeM~tl~ TeopeMol~t 1. ~l,.na Kam~oro a~eMerlTa x ~ X qepe3 ~ (x) o6oaHaqrivt KOdlHqeCTB0 Hap coce~HHX 3$1eMeHTOB B nocne~oBaTeamHOCT~ aeuystesI,tX KOOp/~rlnaT h(x), OVdlnqahlX OT nap (a, a ) , r~e a r {1 . . . . ,m} . 3aMeTnM aTO zma mo6oro x ~ X 5(x) = ~( f ( x ) ) ri a~a z m 6 u x x, y ~ X TaKHX, qYO r(h(x)) + 1 < l(h(y)) , ~(xy) = - ~ i ( x ) + 8 ( y ) , p(x) = ~,(y), ecJIH ~(X) + 8(y) + 1, ecam p(x) ~ ~.(y), rae ~.(x), p ( x ) - nepBaa H a o c ~ e a a a a HeHy~em~e Koop~riHaTt,t h(x) . C~eaona- TeamHo, ~ I a ~Ia~%tx X, y ~ X TaKrtX, qTO r(h(x)) + 1 < l (h(y)) , cymeca~yeT i < m TaK0e, qTO g(xfi(y)) = ~ (x )+~(y ) , ~(xfi+l(y)) = ~ ( x ) + ~ ( y ) + 1, Y I o J ~ o ~ X . = { x e X : ~(x)r ~5(x)-2n(mod2n+l)} . I/IHHMH C~OBaMH, X n - - MHOTKeCTBO BCeX r a d i x x e X, q-to ~ ( x ) * 0 ~ paazo~KeHae qr~c~la 5(x) Ha npoca~le MaOmnxem~ co~epmrrr n 2-eK. Oqemi~HO, ~ITO Mnomecama X , o6paaylOT pa36neHrle ~uomec ' raa X \ { x ~ X, ~(x) = 0} . FloKameu, ~rro Kam~oe X , nzoTao a (X, x ' ) . PaCCMOTpaM npoaaaoamma~ a~eMerrr x c X ri oKpeerH0Ca~ e~taHrima U a TOrlo~ornr~ X'. Fl~omr~M k = 2 n+l - 1 H au6epeM B U a~leMerrna x t, . . . . x k TaKne, qTO 1) r(h(x)) + 1 < l (h(x t ) ) , r(h(xj)) + 1 < l(h(xj+~)), 2) y i . . . . . yk r U ILrI~ ~m6tax y~ ~ O(xj)= {xj, f ( x j ) . . . . . fra-l(xj)}. T o r a a cpe~m aaxe~aeuToa xy t ... x y t r xU, r~e yj ~ O(xj), O6.q3aTe.qbHO rlMeeTc~ ~eMerrr na X , . Ha .rleMMt,I 2 n TeOpeMbl 2 BraTeKaeT cae~tylomee yraepx~aenHe. [SSN 0041-6053. Yrp. ,uam, ~.'ypn., 1999 . m. 51, N" I PA3~O)KHMOCTb TOHOYIOFHqECKHX FPYFIH 47 C.aeOcmoue 1. Ec.au na cr neOuclcpemno~ peeyn.~pno~ nora.nbnoti neoo- mono.aoeu,~ecro~ epynne cyu4ecmoyem nempuoua.abnbt~t aomo;~topqbu3.~t tcone~noeo nop.~OKa, mo ona l~ o-Pazno.~u~ta. ~acr~epcnoI~mara xapaKTepOM TOqKH B TOrlOJ-IOFHqeCKOM rlpocTpaHCTBe Ha3bI- BaeTca nam~ermtuaa I~3 MomHoCTefl 6an ee oKpecTriOCTett. H. B. HpoTacoB ~toKa3a.a, wro KaZcJ~y10 necqeTny lo a6e~eBy r p y n n y MO:,KHO pa3- 6n-rb Ha CHeTHOe qrlC~O nO~MHO~Kec'rB; n~oTmax a :no6o~ He/IHcKpeTHO/.i rpynnoBot~ TOIIOJIOFHH HecqeTHOFO/IHCrlepCHOHHOFO xapaKTepa. C.rle/]oBaTe.rlbHO, Ka3K]~aH R 0" nepaa~oatrIMaa a6eneBa r p y m m r ~ e e T cqeTmata ~ncrIepcHoHn~tt x a p a x T e p [4]. OT- c~o~a, I43 .neMMb~ 1 i4 H3 cJTe]~c'I'BHH 1 BblTeKaeT cnpaBe]~.ritinocTb T a K o r o yTBep- ~ e H n H . C.aeacmoue 2. B K.aacce a6e.aeobtX u o tc.aacce c,~emnbtx nepuoOu~tecKux epynn Ka.maa~ neauc~pemna.~ R o-nepa3no~u~ta,~ epynna coaep.~um om~pbtmy~o c~temnyto 6y.aeoy noOzpynny. Bonpoc 1." BepHo An, HTO Kazcztyto HecHeTay~o r p y n n y M o ~ a o paa6r rn , ria CHeT- Hoe qr~C~tO nO~HOateCTB, n~OTH~X B Zm60fl ae~nc~peT~of l rpynnoBoI~ Tono .aor tm necne ' r r loro RrlcnepcaoHrxoro xapa~Tepa ? Bonpoc 2. BepHo ~Ia, nXO ~a~K~aH cneTnaH rie~rIcKpeTHaH R0-Hepaa.nO~H~aH r p y n n a co~ep:~rIT OTKpt,~Ty~O 6y~eBy n o ~ r p y n n y ? F p y n n a txaataBaeTca a6CO.nIOTHO paa~IOata~ofl (a6co.moTHo R0-paa.ao:~nMoit) , ec.rlH ee ~OaCHO paa6nTr~ Ha ~Ba (Ha R0 ) n o ~ a o a < e c T B a , n.aOTHb~e B .nzo6ott He~HCK- peTHO~ rpynnoao t t Tono.norr~a. C.aeOcmoue 3. Ka~Daa cqemnaa a6eneoa epynna c nonet~nbt.~t quc.~o.~t 9.~ezten- moo nopaDtza 2 a6co.a~omno R o-Pa3.ao~u~ta. ~[oga3ameabcmoo. l ' IycTb G - - npoHaBO.qbHa~ CHeTHaH a6e.neBa r p y n n a c KOHeHHbtM qHCJIOM D.neMeHWOB nopH~Ka 2. CHa6l~n~ ee KaKOfl-TO rpynnoBot t npe~;- KoMnaKTHO~t TononorHet~ X. I-lycTb X~nO~MHOmeCTBO Ha (G, X) a c e x aaeMeHTOB nopH~moa #: 2, f ~ oTo6paaceHHe Ha X, aa.aaHHoe npaBr~oM x ~ - x . YIpHMeHHM K nomam,HO~ ~emoxono.norr~aecKo~ r p y n n e X x,x o~;Hopo~ao~,iy aBToMopdpria~y f Ha X 2 - r o nopHaxa TeopeMy 2. l'lo.nyqnM paa6HeHHe X Ha cneTrlOe HHCnO nOa~HO:~eCTB. Ka~/~oe Ha aTrIX nO~MH0:,KeCTB n.aOTaO a (G, x ' ) / Inn :no6ofi neancmpeTnOtt r p y n - IIOBOIVI TOIIOJIOFHH "U' Ha G. ~.rI~ ~TOFO ,/~OCTaTOHHO ~OKaaaTb, qTO I<a:~.l~aa oK- pecT~oc'rb HyaZ B TOrI03IOFHH '~' HeTpHBHaJIbHO nepecemaeT maacay~o oKpeCTHOCTb Hy.rIH B Tono.norHr~ ~. ~onycTrIM npoTaaHoe: ]Xaa HegOTOptax oKpeCTHOCTe~ Hy~Ia U, U ' a Tono:~orHHx ~:, I:" CoOTBeTCTBeHHO U N U" = {0}. Bta6epeM ompecamocTH nyaH V, W B T o n o n o r a z x % x ' TaKae, HTO V - V CU, V" - V" C U'. Tor/~a ~:~H :no6~,ix pa3:iriHmax a, b ~ V" (a + V ) ~ (b + V ) = 0 (eC~H 6 u aTO 6tarO He TaK, TO rI~e~ta 6 u ( V ' - V ' ) ["1 ( V - V)~: {0} ) . Cae]~oBaTenbnO, X He npe~KoMnaxT~a. Bonpoc 3. CymecTByeT : m 6eCKOHeqHaH (cneTHaa) r p y n n a c KOHeHHbX~ H n c a 0 ~ ~JIeMeHTOB n o p z ~ a 2, He H a : ~ m t u a a c H a6CO~OTHO R 0 - p a 3 ~ o x a ~ o t a ? 1. Comfort W. W., van Mill J. Groups with only resolvable group topologies//Proc. Amer. Math. Soc . - 1994. - 120, N ~ 3. - P. 687 - 696. 2. ManbtXUn B.H. 3xc'rper4a.abHo i~ecn~am~e n 6.nHaKne K nH~ rpynma //,/2OK~. AH CCCP. - 1975. - 2 2 0 , N ~ t. - C . 27 - 3 0 . 3. llpomacoo H. B. A6comomo paa~o~HMtae rpynma/ /Yzp. ~4aT. ~ypH. -- 1996. -- 48, N-" 3. - C. 383 - 392. 4. l'ipomaco~ H. B. Paa6aeaHa npaM~x npoaaar rpynn//TaM ace. - 1997. - 49, N -~ 10. - C. 1385 - 1395. 5. llpomacoo H. B. A6coJnoTIma pa3210,X<HMOeTb rpynnu paRHOIla~Ibnblx qHeeJl / / TaM ~e. - 1996.- 48. N -~ 12.-C. 1953- 1956. 6. 3enemox E. F. KoneqH~r rpynnu B I~H TpHaHaJlbrll~. - KneB, 1996. - 12 c. -- (IIpenpHnT / HAH YKpaHHu. Hn-'r MaTeMaTHml; N ~ 96.3). l-[o~yqcnO 05.11.96 ISSN 0041-6053. Yxp. ,uam. ~Tpu., 1999, m. 51, N ~ 1
id umjimathkievua-article-4581
institution Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal
keywords_txt_mv keywords
language rus
English
last_indexed 2026-03-24T03:01:36Z
publishDate 1999
publisher Institute of Mathematics, NAS of Ukraine
record_format ojs
resource_txt_mv umjimathkievua/de/7459526d3c6bfef327d30e0ab00aa3de.pdf
spelling umjimathkievua-article-45812020-03-18T21:09:14Z Decomposability of topological groups Разложимость топологических групп Zelenyuk, E. G. Зеленюк, Е. Г. Зеленюк, Е. Г. We prove that every countable Abelian group with finitely many second-order elements can be decomposed into countably many subsets that are dense in any nondiscrete group topology. Доведено, що кожну зчислеппу абелеву групу з скінченним числом елементів порядку 2 можна разбита на зчисленпе число підміюжип щільних у будь-якій недискретній груповій топології. Institute of Mathematics, NAS of Ukraine 1999-01-25 Article Article application/pdf https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/article/view/4581 Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal; Vol. 51 No. 1 (1999); 41–47 Український математичний журнал; Том 51 № 1 (1999); 41–47 1027-3190 rus en https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/article/view/4581/5866 https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/article/view/4581/5867 Copyright (c) 1999 Zelenyuk E. G.
spellingShingle Zelenyuk, E. G.
Зеленюк, Е. Г.
Зеленюк, Е. Г.
Decomposability of topological groups
title Decomposability of topological groups
title_alt Разложимость топологических групп
title_full Decomposability of topological groups
title_fullStr Decomposability of topological groups
title_full_unstemmed Decomposability of topological groups
title_short Decomposability of topological groups
title_sort decomposability of topological groups
url https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/article/view/4581
work_keys_str_mv AT zelenyukeg decomposabilityoftopologicalgroups
AT zelenûkeg decomposabilityoftopologicalgroups
AT zelenûkeg decomposabilityoftopologicalgroups
AT zelenyukeg razložimostʹtopologičeskihgrupp
AT zelenûkeg razložimostʹtopologičeskihgrupp
AT zelenûkeg razložimostʹtopologičeskihgrupp