Topological aspects of dynamic systems

We give a definition of a minimal vector field whose singular elements are all hyperbolic. For a particular class of smooth manifolds we compute the number of minimal Morse-Smale vector fields. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for the L-equivalence of Morse-Smale vector fields. For Kupka-...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Date:1992
Main Authors: Sharko , V. V., Шарко, В. В.
Format: Article
Language:Russian
Published: Institute of Mathematics, NAS of Ukraine 1992
Online Access:https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/article/view/7802
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Journal Title:Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal
Download file: Pdf

Institution

Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal
_version_ 1860512764924002304
author Sharko , V. V.
Шарко, В. В.
author_facet Sharko , V. V.
Шарко, В. В.
author_sort Sharko , V. V.
baseUrl_str https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/oai
collection OJS
datestamp_date 2023-09-14T12:03:56Z
description We give a definition of a minimal vector field whose singular elements are all hyperbolic. For a particular class of smooth manifolds we compute the number of minimal Morse-Smale vector fields. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for the L-equivalence of Morse-Smale vector fields. For Kupka-Smale fields we introduce a Lyapunov 1-form which we use to write down inequalities for the singular elements.
first_indexed 2026-03-24T03:33:59Z
format Article
fulltext Y ,UI( 517.91 B. B. lllapKo, l(-p qnrn .-MaT. rrayH (Mrr-T MRTeMaTRim AH YKpaRrrl'>T, Rnen) TonOJIOrll'IeCRHe acneRTbl ~HHaMH11eCRHX CHCTeM J.1.auo onpe.lleJJefrne MHH!fMaJJbHOr o neK"fopHor o noJJH , oco61,1e 3 JJe MeHTbI KOToporo ru rrep6oJJH'lHbI. ll.1H HeKOTO fJ OI"O KJJ a c ca rJJa)lKHX MHOroo6pa3 HH Dbl'lHCJJeHo 'IHC.10 MHHHM3 Jl bHbl X BeKTOpHb! X 110- JJCH Mopca-CMeliJJa. Hali)le Hbl 11eo6XO.llHMble H .llOCTaTO'l Hb!C YCJJODH51 L-3KDHDa.1e HTHOCTH BCK­ TOpHI,IX ITOJJefI M opca-C~ieliJJa . .llJlll ITOJJeli KyrrKH - CMeliJJa BBC.llCHa 1- tjJOpMa Jl5111yH0Da, Ha OCHODa HHH KOTOpoli Bbll1HCallbl HepaBCHCTBa .llJJH cmiry.1HpHb!X 3JJCMCHTOB. )laHO DH 3 Ha'lCHHH Mi1-1iMa.%HOro BCKTOp 1wro llOJIH, OC06JJ HBi eJleMe HTH HKOrD rinep6oni •rni. .llJIH n.eHKOrO KJJ acy r.13.llKHX MHOrODH.lli B ninpaxonaHO 'IHC.10 MiHiMaJJbHHX BCKTOp!IHX 110.1in M opca - CMel!JJa. 31-iai-i;I.eHi 1-1eo6xi111-1 i i .1{0CTaTHi YMOBH L-eKBi BaJJeHTHOCTi MiHiMa.ijbJUIX neK­ TOpHHX nonia M o p ca-CMeli,ia . .ll.151 no.1in K y rrKH - CMei-iJia naeneua 1-cpopMa Jl5111y110na, Ha oc­ rroa i 5IKOI BHITHCaHi HepiDHOCTi .1{.151 CHJffYJJHp l!HX eJieMe11TiB. BB en e H He. O6o3 1Ia'-I HM ,,epe3 M " r Jia1rnoe 3aMKHyToe M1-roroo6pa31-1e, qepe3 xr (Mn) rrpoc-rpaHCTBO cr-BeKTOpHbIX 110,1eii Ha M n' r > 2, C cr· HOpMOH. llsa BeKTOpHb! X l10Jill X , V E .rr ( M") Ha3bIBa l0TCH TOIIOJI0 rHlleC KJ-1 9 KBHBa,1eHTHbIMH, eum cyU1e c ·mye-r roMeoMopcpH 3M h: M" - M ", KOTOphIH rrpeo6pa3yeT -rpaeK­ Top 1-1H rro.1 n X B TpaeKTopHH no.111 Y, coxpa1-11111 ux op11e1naumo. TonoJiorw1ec­ KaS1 3KBHBaJi el-lTHOCTb o npell,eJIHeT on1owe 1-111e 3KBHBaJieHTI-IOCTH Ha npocTp a HCT­ ne .r (JVfn). O.:11-1oii H3 OCHOBHblX 3a.Lla 4 B TeOpHH ti:HHaMHlleCKHX CHCTeM Ha r J1an­ KHX MHOroo6pa:-nrnx S1BJIS1eTCH Bb!S1CHeHH e YCJIOBHH, npH KOTOpb! X llBa BeI<TOp ­ HblX 110JIS1 6 y 1l.YT TOllOJIOrH'-l eCKH 9KBHBaJiel-ITHbl [ 1). OlleBHllHO, YTO oco6b1e 3JieMeHT6I (OCO0hl e TO'IKH H 3aMKHYTbie TpaeKTOpH H) coxpaHHIOTCS1 n pH TOIIOJIO­ fl-!Li ecKOH 9KB,ma.1eHTHOCTH . fI09TOMY B n epsy10 0l!epell,b 1-1eo6XO)lHMO BbIHCHHTb crpyKrypy H B3 aHMOCB.S13 b oco6b!X 3JleMe HTOB Toro KJiacca BeKTOpHbI X noJiett, KOTOpbi e ITOJtBep ra10TCS1 HCCJie.ll,OBa HlilO Ha npeL1MeT TOHOJIOrH'-!eCKOH 9 KBHBaJ1eHT· HOCTH. 3aTeM MO}KHO HCIIOJ1b30BaTb llO llOJIHHTeJibHbJe o6beKTbl, B LfaCTHOCTH q:>yHKUHH J151ny1-10Ba, ec JIH OHi-! cyw.eCTBYIOT , BBellH 111151 HHX IIO.ll,X01J,.S1lllee OTHO· wen11e 9 KBHBaJieHTH0CTH . B 1-1acTomuei\ pafioTe n pe.LIJia r aeTcH no1J,xo11 llJJ 11 113y­ lleH11.S1 TOfIOJIOrl1'-lecKOH 9 KBHBaJi el ITHOCTH BeKTOpHbI X ITOJiett , OCHOBaHHbl H Ha paccMo-rpeHHH HX cpy H K1.n1ii .Ihrnynosa . 1. MHHHMa JibHbie Be KT0pI-Ibie noJI.H. O6o3Hal!HM qepe3 G(Mn)c: C: )Zr (M n) MHO)l(eCTBO, COCTOH W.ee H3 Tex BeKT0pHblX IIOJieii, y KOTOpbI X Bee oco6b1e 3JieMeHTbr r1111ep60.1wrec 1rne 11 11x Km1e41-1oe cmcJro [ l] . Xopowo H3Be­ CTHO, '-ITO G (M n) He seer ll,a BCI01J.Y IIJIOTH0 B Ir ( M " ) . PaccMoTpHM BeKTOP· 1-1oe no.1e X E G (M " ) H o6o3Hal!HM qepe3 N; (X) (N; (X)) '-IHCJIO oco6hI X ro4eK -C B. B. llIAP1CO, 1992 122 ISSN (/()41-6053. Y1'p. Mar. :w;ypH., 1992, T. 44. ~ J_ (3aMK HYThIX op61n) HH)l.eKca i. Bse,rteM Ha MH0,KeCTBe G (Mn) on10111eHHe q ac -r1-1.•rnoro ynopH,no'-leHHH. 5y,neM rosopHTh , lJT0 X > Y. eCJJH N 1 (X) ?,-N;(Y), N; (X) ?,- N; (Y) ).l,JIH Bcex HH).leKcos i n 1-1a11,ueTCH HH).le Kc i 0 TaKott, tJTO N ,0 (X) > N, 0 (Y) HJIH N1 0 (X) > N ,0 (Y), X , Y EG(M"). M cxo,nH 113 3Toro l JaCTWlll0f0 ynopH).l0tJelllrn Ha M!-IO)KeCTBe G (M" ) MQ}l(HQ TI0CT j)0HTb CB513 Hbll1 o rme I-ITHp0B3Hl·lblH rpa cp !(. B K34eCTBe BepWHHbl rpacj)a K Heo6XO).l,HMO 8 3 51Tb Bee BeKrnp11b1e no.!iH {XiEJ} EG(M 11 ). y K0T0pbI X N ; (X i,) = N ; (Xi ,) 11 N;(X;,) = = N, (X ;,) )J.JIH s rex HH).leKC0B i, j 1 , j 2 E J. E c JI11 X, Y E G (M") H X > Y, TO Be p rnmia iXl, npenc TaB.rrn,ow,aH no.ne X, H Bep1rnrna IY], npe,ncTaBJimomaH no.r1e Y, coe,rtHHmo-rc H crpemrnf1, r1nyme i"l II 3 X B Y: [XJ-+ !Y]. 0 rr p e ,n e JI e II H e I. B eKnw pHoe n01ze X E G (M 11 ) Ha3btsaemcR JvtUHU­ AtaAbHbtM, ecAu HC cyw,ecmsyem seKITWfJHOcO noAR YE G (M") mmw20, 11mo X > Y. B03 1-IHKaeT npoGJi eMa on11ca1-rn51 'III CJi a MIIIUIMaJibl-lbl X 3Ji eMeI-IT0B B MHO­ }K eCTBe G (M") ;i_.1rn cp11KcHpoBa111-1oro MI-JOroo6pa3 HH M 11 • O 6 o 3HatrnM tJepe3 Q (M ") llHCJI0 MHHHMclJ!bllblX BeKT0pHblX llOJi e t! B G (M"). TI p e ,n JI o }I( e I-I H e I. l-J ucAo Q (M") flBAJzemcR KOHe ,mbtM . .lloKa3 aTeJJbCTBO 3T0f0 npe,11,JJO)KeHHH 0CH0BaH0 Ha paccM0Tpe1rn11 cj)yHKUHH -pacnpeneJ1e1mH 3 IJatJe1rn{1 'lHCJia oco6b1X 3JieMe 1noB BeKT0J)llblX n o .ne{1 11 3 G (M 11) . A1-JaJJOfH4Hbie Bon poCbl 8031-!H!( aJOT, ec.rrn paccirnTpHB3Tb BeKT0j)!-!bie fl0JIH KynKH - CMettJia HJIH i\·\opca - CMei:iJia, K0Topb1e HBJIHIOTCH rro,rtMI-I0R<ecTBa­ .M H !13 G (M"). B .uaJibHe iiIJJeM 6y,neM paccMaTpHBaTb T0JibKO BeKT0pHb!e flOJJH Mopc a - CMettJia . HanoMHHM, lJT0 BeKT0pHoe rroJie X E G (M 11 ) Ha3b!BaeTcH BeKTop1-1b1M no­ .Ji eM Mopca - CMettJia, ecJIH ycTOHtJHBbie H ueycTOHtJHBbie M1-10roo6pa3HH KpH ­ TH'-lecKux 3JieMeI-IT0B flOJJH X nepeceI<aI0TC5! TpaI!CBepcaJibH0, a MJ-I0)l(eCTBO 1-1e6J1y)K)l.310mux T04eK Q (X) C0Bna,naeT C 06'be)I.HHem1eM KpHTHlJeCKHX 3Jie­ MeHT0B TT0JJH X. O6031-l34HM Mopca - CMettJia )i(e K0He4H0. LJepe3 Q (Mn) '-IHCJI0 MHHHMaJibHblX BeKTOpHbIX noJieH Ha MHoroo6pa3HH M". HecJIO,KHO noKa3aTb, 4T0 Q (Mn) TaK- Tipe,nJiollieHue 2. EcAu Mn=S" (ccpepa), mo Q (S")= (k + I)(/? + 2)/2, n = 2k, Q (S") = (Ii+ l) (Ii+ 2)/2+ I, n = 2/c + I. Tipe,nJiollieHHe 3. flycmb Mn, n = 4k, -3aMKHymoe oiJHOCBR3Hoe JltHocoo6pa3ue, H 2 ,,_(Mn, Z:)=Z:, H;(M",Z)=O OAR 0<i<2l?, k?,-2. T ocoa Q (Mn)= (k + 1)(4/?2 + 8/? + 3)/3. n p e ll JJ o )Ke 1-1 n e 4. flycmh M", n = 4/i, - 3aMKHymoe oiJHocBR3Hoe J,tHocoo6pa.7ue. if 2 ,., (1\11 11 • 2? )= ;z E9 ;z, H; (M", 2? ) = 0 OAR O < i < 2k, k ?,- 2. T ozda Q(M 11 ) = (/?-t- l ) (4k:i + Ihle~+ 19k + 6)/6. n p e i1JIo)I<e1111 e 5. nyc,w, M" , n ?,- 6, - 3aMKHymoe oiJHoceR3Hoe .1,1Hoc006 pa3ue, y Komopoca Tors (H; (M",Z:))=0. Tozoa Q(M")=P(n), n zoe P(x)- ,wAuHoM, degP(>:) =Lb, (M " )u b;(M")=rankH;(M'',,'.z'). i= O 2. <P y H K u H H JI H n y H o B a 11 B e KT o p H hi e rr o JI H M o p­ c a - C M e H JI a. TiycTb X - BeKTopuoe no.11e N\opca - C111ettJia Ha 3 3MI<Hy ­ T0M MHoroo6pa3HH M 11 • /1'\attep noI<a3aJI , tno ;vrn X Bcerna cymeCTByer cjlyHK­ UHH JlHnyI-IoBa [21. A HMem10, cynLeCTB)'eT T3K3H rna,nKaH cj)yHKUHH KJiacca C00 ' t : Mn -+ IR, )I.JIH K0TOJ)OH Bb!TI0JI!IHIOTCH c .~e,nyIOIJJ,He YCJI0BHH: I) X (f)p > > 0 )I.JI51 Bcex T04eK p E M n' K0T0pbie He HBJl HI0TCH oco6bIM 11 H He Jie}KaT Ha 3 aMKHYTbIX op6HTax; 2) Df (p) = 0 T0r).la H T0.1bK0 rnr,na, K0f).la p - oco6aH T0 lJKa HJIH T0'-!Ka H3 3 aMKHYTOl1 op6HTbI; 3) f HBJIHeTCH cpyHKUHeH Mopca - 6oTTa. vlcllOJib3YH paccy)K,neHHH CMeHJJa H3 [3], MQ)KHO Bcer,na rrocTpOHTb TaKyJO <jlyHKUHJO J151ny1-10Ba f : M" -+ [O, n] )I.JIH BeKTopuoro rroJIH Mopca - CMei1Jia /SS ti 0041-6053. Y1'p. MaT. [}1Cyp1-1.., 1992, T. 44, M 1 .123 X, KOTOpaH y.rr.oBJiernopHeI' cJie.rr.y1ow,HM ycJIOBHHM: MI-IOroo6pa3He M ; (X, f) = = f-1 [O, i + 1/2] (M (X , l) = f- 1 [0, i + 2/3]) co.rr.ep>KHT Bee oco6b1e TO'-IKH (3aMKHYTbie op6HTbl) 11HlleKCOB j ~ i. T aKy10 cpyHKl.lHIO 6y.rr.eM Iia3blB3Tl> «nice» cpyHKUHeH Jlm1yH0Ba. JI e M M a I. fl ycmb X - 0e1onopHoe noAe Mopca - CAteii.Aa Ha 3a;1urny­ m o,w MHOc006pa3UU J\.1 11 , t u g - aee «ni ce» qJljHKU,UU JI 5l /1.YH08a al/fl IWJ/fl X . T o2aa cyu4ecmayem aucprpeo1,wpcpu3,H, u3omon1-tbllt moJJCOecmaeHHOM!J , h : M 11 - _. M 11 , /1laKOll, 1tmo M; (X , f) = ft (M; (X , g)) , M; (X , f) = ft (M ; (X, g)). 0 n p e .rr. e JI e 1-1 H e 2. JI.ea aeKnWpHbtX noAfl M opca - C1,1e1J11a X u Y Ha 3aMKHYIIWM MHOcoo6pa3llll M 11 Ha3bt8aJOtnC5l L-3K8U8aAeHJn/-lb/AlU, eCAll cy­ w,ecmey,om «nice» cjJyHKu,uu JI RnyHoea f u g aAfl no115l X u Y coomeemcmeeHHo u aucprpeo1,wpcpu3M h : J\.1"-. M " , u3011wnHbtii. nwJJCOecmaeHHOMY, niaKoii, t.tmo M ; (X, f) = h (M; (Y, g)) , M; (X, f) = h (M ; (Y, g)) . T eo p e M a I . llycmb M 11 , n ;?,. 6,- 3aMKHymoe oaHoca5l3Hoe 1,moeoo6- pa3ue. T o2aa cyu4ecmeyem KOHe1m oe 'tUCJ/0 L-3K(3U(laAeHl7lHbl.X AWHllAWAbH/.JLX eeKntopHbtX noAeu M opca - C 11eu11a 6e3 3aAtKHymbtX op6um. 8 3TOM CJiytiae '-IHCJIO L-3KBHB3Ji eHTI-lbIX MHI-IHMaJibHblX BeKTOpHblX flOJi eH Mopca - CMeHJia HBIIO BblLIHCJIHeTcH qepe3 roMoJior1111 MIIoroo6pa3H5! M 11 • .UoI<a3aTeJibCTBO 3TOH -reopeMbl MO}KIIO IIaHTH B [4]. T e o p e M a 2. Cyu4ecnwyem oaHoCB5l3Hoe 3aAtKHymoe MHowo6pa3ue, Ko­ m opoe o6Aaaaem 6ecKOHC'-lHblM 'lUCAOAt munoe L-3K8U8aAeHl1I /-lblX AWHUMaAbHbtX BeKTO/JHbtX no11.eu Mopca - Cwe1'i11a. LlaJI.HM Heo6xo1i11Moe H .nocr aTo trnoe ycJIOBHe L-3KBHBaJieI-ITHOCTH MH­ HHMaJibHbIX ne1<Top11b1x no;1et1 M opca - CMeHJJa. P accMOTpH M rpym1b1 G 1-1 H 11 JI.Ba roMoMopcpH3Ma <p, 'ljJ : G-. H . 5 yJI.eM rnnopHTb, lITO roMoM o p­ cpH 3MbI <p H 'ljJ 3KBHB3JI€ I·ITI-Ibl, ecJJH cymecTByeT H30MOpcpH3M £ : G _. G Ta­ KOH, l!TO cp='ljlo );, . IlycTb X - neKrnpr-we rroJJe Mopca - CMeHJia Ha M1-10roo6pa3 11 11 M " , f - «nice» cpyr-IKUH5! Jl51 11y1-10Ba ,ll.JJ51 IlOJJH X. PaccMOTpHM (pHJlbTpaumo, IlOCT· poeHHy10 rro cpyHKUHH f: M 0 (X , f) c. M0 (X , f) c. . .. c. M i (X, f) c. M ; (X , /). BJJmKeHH51 0: Mi (X , n- M", 0: M i (X ,f)-+- M" HII,LI.yu11py10T rOMOMOp<pH3M rpyrrrr rOMOJJOfHH 0*: H * (M ; (X, f), :l)-+- H* (M", ;l)+--0*: H * (M ; (X , f), ;l). 3aMeTHM , '-ITO rpyrrrrbl H i (M;(X,f), Z) H H i (M", LZ) 1130Mopcp11b1 .llJIH j < i , rpyrrnh1 H i (M ;(X , f), ;z-)=0-LIJIH j> i H H ; (M ; (X, f), :Z ) -cno6onHaH a6eJJeBa rpyrrna. fpyrrrrbl Hi (M;(X, f), ;z) H Hi (M'1, ;z) H30MOp<pHbI ,LI.JJH j< <i, rpyrrrrhI H i(M ; (X,f),tf) = O-nJJH j > i+ 1 1-1 H ;+1(M;(X , f), ;:Z)­ cno6onHaH a6eJiena rpyrrrra. Teo p e Ma 3. Ilycmb M", n ;?,. 6, - 3aMKHymoe oaHoCBfl3Hoe 1,rnoeoo6- pa3ue, X u Y - MUHUMaAbHbte eeKmopHbte noAfl Mopca - C .Met111a 1-ta M" ma,we, 'I.mo N ; (X) = N; (Y) u N; (X) = N; (Y) aAfl ecex i. T o2aa no11fl X u Y - L-3KBU8aAeH/1IHbl moeaa U /7lOJ/bKO m ocaa, Kocaa a11fl «nice» qJ!JHKU,Ull JI.<i· nyHoea f u g ee1wzopHbtX no11ell X u Y coomeemcnweHHO BbtnOAHfl1omcfl y c11oeufl : H ; (M;(X, f), ;:Z) ~ H; (M ; (Y, g ), ;:Z), H; (M; (X, f), ;:Z) ~ H; (M ; (Y, g) , ;z'), H1+ 1 (M; (X , f) , ;z') ~ H;+i (M; (Y, g), ;E) U UHayu,up08ClHl-tble cOMOAWpqJU3Mbl H; (M ; (X , f), ;E) 0;; 0u H1 (M; (X, f), ;z') "' H -(M" 77 ) ,/ I t LL, , "" H 1 (M1 (Y,g),;:Z)? 'YJ;1 ~u Hi(M;(Y,g),;z'J H1+1 (M; (X , f), ;l)"-,. eu+i Ht+1 (M", tf) . - /'- H 1+1 (M 1 (Y, g), ;:Z) 'YJa+1 BKBueaAeHmHbl OAR ecex i. JS:iN 0041-6053, JJ,cp . ..uar. :J1Cypn., 1992, r. 44 . M I PacCMOTpHM K060pJlJI3M (W", Vo, V1), awlt = Vo u VJ H BeKTOp1we no.ne X Ha W" , y KOToporo mnerpaJibHbie KpHBbie TpaHc BepcaJibH bI K KpaIO W". TTpe.ur10Jio)KHM , qTo X 5lBJIHe TC5l BeKTopHbIM no.neM !v\opca - CMeA.na. H ecJIO)K- HO llOKa3aTb , L!TO Ha 1<06opn11 3Me wn cy1uec·rnyeT cj_)yI-IKI.Urn J15111y1-10Ba l lJlH IlOJIH X, f : (W", V0 , \.\)-+ (10, I ], 0, I ). Ec.11-1 n > 6 H n 1 (Wn) = n 1 (V0) = = :n; l (V 1) , TO c npaBe1tJll1Bbl TeopeMbl I - 3 llJlH K060p,!1H3 MOB Ta Koro BH,lla . 3. B e K -r o p 1-1 bl e rr o JI H K y n K 11 - C M e ii JI a . TTonhITKa nep e - HecTH pe3 yJibTaTbl rrpe,llblllYI.IJ.H X nyHl{TOB Ha 60.nee llIHJ)OKHH K.iJacc Bel<'ropHblX no.nett H3 G (M "), 'leM no.nH Mopc a - CMdi.1a, 3 a-rp y .uHen a none.ue1rneM MI-IO­ )K eCTBa 1-1 e6.ny:,i<,11a10IUHX TOLJe ;-;: Q (X). PaccMOTJ)HM B e 1nop1-1b1e no.~H KynKH - C MettJla . BeKTOpHoe rro.ne X E G (M") J-Ja3bJBae-rcH rroJ1eM Kymrn - CMeii.na , eCJIH e ro ycTOHLJHBbJe If He yc-roi'.1q1-JBbi e MJ-!O r oo6p a 3 H5l CHiffYJIH (Hlbl X :rn eMeJ-ITOB n epec e 1<aioTCH -rpa HcBepcaJlbHo. 8b1,11e.nnM cpe1n1 no.nett KynKH - C Meii.na non­ MHm K e c-rBo r. 6yneM I'OBO[)HTb LITO BCKTO[)J-IO e no.ne X E r, ecm1 MHO)l{ CCTBO 1-ia6JIIOlialOLUHX TOlJeK Q (X) COCTOHT I-1 3 I-J eCBH 3 IJOro 061,e.um-1e 1-JHH CHlffYJIHp­ HbI X 3JleMeHTOB no.151 X H BJlO)KeH Hbl X Topon T'' pa3MepHOCTH !? , 2 ¾ k ¾ ¾ n - 2, KOTOpb1e 11Me10-r rnn e p 60JIH 11ecKy10 CT[)YKTYPY- 3-ro 03IWlJaeT, lJTO orp aH 11qei-111 e KacaTeJJb llOI'O pacc.noe HH5l MJ-IOI'006pa3 HH M " Ha M l·JO)l(e CTBO He­ ITO}lBll )l{Hbl X TOlJeK T (A-1 11 ) I Q (X) npencTaBHMO B BHJJ.e HenpepbIBHOro pa3JJO­ iKe1 11rn Ha n o.upacc.noe ,-rnn P , E" . T (Q(X)), T (M") I Q (X) = £ 5 EB£"EB T(Q(X)), me T (Q( X)) - KacaTeJ1 bHOe pacc .noe 1rne K Q (X), npHLJeM 3TO p a 3JIOMeH11e HJ-JBa pHaIITHO ITOll nettCTBHeM ITOTOKa IIOJIH x, . KpoM e 3TOI'O, cyuteCTByeT TaKaH p11 ~1aH0Ba MeTpHKa 1-1a t.rnoroo6pa3 HH M n H TaKHe KOHCTaHTbl A E (0, I) 11 c, -,1ro cnpaBeJlJIHBbI 11epaBe 11crna IIX1 (v)il¾ce-"11ivll, v E £-s , t> 0, IIX-1 (w)II¾ ¾Ce- '-' liwll, wE E", t> 0. LI11c J10 s 1-1a 3b JBae-rcH HH,11.CKCOM KOMITOHeHTbI CB H3 HOCTH Q i E Q (X), Q (X) = LJQi· I flyCTb (W" , Vo , Vi)- K060pllH3M C KpaeM aw"=Vo u Vl; CJiyqaii, Kor.ua o .u11 0 H3 V; = 0 , i = 0, I , 11.rrn o6a He HCKmoqae-rcH. PaccMoTpHM rJia1tKYIO <pyH KUHIO f : (Wn, V 0 , V 1) -+ ([0, I], 0, I). TTpenn oJIO)KHM, LJTO oco6ble TOLIKH q)_','HKUHH f Jie)KaT BO BHYT()C-1-IHOCTH W" H npe.uc-raBJTCI-Ibl B BH1te HeCB513HOrO 0 6 b e1(HI-JeHJrn H30JlHj}OBaHHblX TOLJeK X;, S}, OK p_y:,irnoCTeH H TOpOB T f, 2 ¾ ~- k ¾ n - 2, KOTOpbie 5lBJl5llOTC5l HeBblpO)Kl(e I-IHblMH MHOroo6pa3HHMH B CMbIC- ~~ e Ro-rm, -r. e. ec.na TO lJKa y E S} (y E T ~), TO cy)Ke1me f Ha Ma.ne11hKHtt u SI (T k) " Tpa HCBepcaJibJ-lblH llHCK K j 1 , rrpoXO.U51LUHH 4epe3 TO'IKY lj, 51BJl5leTCH c\)YHK1111e A Mopca. B :HOM CJ1yqae 6y.ueM r oBopHTb , lJTO f - cj)yHKUHH M o pca - 6oTTa . vt1-111eKC Kpi-ITH'JeC I<OH TOLI KH orpaHHlJeHH51 cj>y l-IKUHH f Ha -rpaHCBep­ c aJibJ-lblH llHCK H33bIBaeTCH HHlleKCOM KpHTHqec Koro I-IeBbipm1<,Ue1-11-1oro ITO,UMHO­ r oo6pa3H5l s; (T f ). Ilyc-rb (U'I " , V 0 , V 1 ) - Ko6op,11.H3M H X - neK-rop1-10e no.ne KynKH - CMeii­ JJa H3 ITO.UMI·JQ)KeCTBa r . yllOBJi eTBOpHIOIUee _yCJIOBH!O OTC_yTCTBH51 I.I.Hl<.10B 1-13 MHO)KeCT Be He6,1y)K11a10 11.rnx TOLi e K [ I J. Tor.ua n.nH BeK-rop1-1oro n o.n51 X cym ecT­ Bye-r qiyHKUHH J]51n y 11 osa l : (W", V0 , V1)-+ (10, I], 0, I), oco6b1e TOlJKH KOTO­ poii COB nana JOT C MI-IO)KeCTBOM IIe6Jiy)KllaJOmHx TOlfel< Q (X) H K OTOpa 51 HBJIH­ eTC51 cj)yHKUHeii Mopca - 6oT-ra. M1-1.ueKc b1 Kp11-rw1ec1rnx no.uM110roo6p a 3 1111 <j:>yHKUHH f COBlla,Ua IOT c HH,UeKcaMH KOMITOl-leHT CBH 3 HOCTH MI-IO)KeCTBa He6Jiy)K­ l talOIJlHX TOlJeK Q (X). flp e.un o.nara eM . lfTO BeKTop1-1oe no.ne X Tpa1-1ceepc aJ1b 1-10 I( Kp310 l<Ofiop.UH3Ma w·n, eCJIH OJI 11 e n ycTOH. M c nOJib3 YH Q)YHKLl,HH J1mTyHoBa MO)l(l-13 u aTb o u e HKY q J,fcJia CHHIYJJH[)l·lblX 3JieMeHTOB H KOMllOJ-Je J-JT CBH3HOCTH MJ-l0)1{ t'CTB a 11e6Jiy)K,Ua10m11x TOlJl:'J( ITOJIH X. T e o p e M a 4. flycmb X - ee,anopHoe noAe KynKu - CMeiLAa u3 noa­ MHm1cer:rrwa r (Q (X) cocmaum U3 HCC8fl3H020 o6'beauHeHUfl CUHcyARPHblX BAe­ M.eH/1108 u w nep6oAu'tecKux mopoe Tk, 2 ¾ ,~ ¾ n - 2) Ha Ko6opau3Me (W", Vo, V 1) U yooBAe!1180pH.em ycAOBU/0 omcyrncmBUfl l{UKAOB . CnpaeeaAUBbl Hepa8eH­ Cl1UJU O I . I n~J,, ~ ( k ) k n N1,, + NJ..-1 + N 1,, + k~; 1 ~ 0 i N1,,+1 > µ <HJ..CM , zm + + µ(Tors H,___i(M", Z)), ISSN ()041 -6053. Y,cp _ MaT. 31eypn., 1992, T. 44, M I 125 zoe N~ - 'lUCAO CUHZYllflp!-tblX m o<teK ll/-lOeKca A, Nl - 'lUCAO U30AUpOBa/-iHblX 3aM1rnymblx op6um uHoe,cca A, Nt - 11ucAo k-MepHbtx mopoe uHoeKca "· u3 AtHOJ/Cecrnsa He6AyJ1Coa1ow,ux motteK Q (X), µ (H) - MUHUMallbHoe 'lttc110 06pa- 3y10w,ux zpynnbl H. AttaJion1tJHb1i1 pe3yJihT,n co,nep)l<11TC5l B [51. TiycTb Mn - rJJa,n1rne MHOroo6pa3 1ie, y KOToporo f]l (M 11 , Q) =I= 0 H ul - 33MKHyTa5l 1-cpopMa Ha M" . TocJl(a x Mlloroo6pa 3H5l M" l!33b1BaeTC5l oco6oii ,UJI5! cpopMbl ffi, eCJIH ffi (x) HeBbl])O)K,Ue11a lla KacaTeJibHOM npocTpaHCTBe T x (M ") . Tipe,nnoJJO)KHM, l!TO oco6b1e TOl!KH cpopMbl (J) npe,UCT3BJ!el-Jbl B BH,ll.e HeCB513 I-IOro 06be,ll.Irne1rn51 KOHe lJI-IOPO lJHCJia OKJJY>l<HOCTe H, H3om1p0Bal-1Hb!X TOlJeK H rJJa)lh O BJIO)KeHJib!X TO])OB T k pa3MepHOCTH k, 2 ~ I? ~ n - 2. 3aMJ<l-lyTaH 1-cpopM a JlOK3Jl b HO 5lBJJ5leTC5l nuctxpep e llUHaJIOM lleKOTO{)OH <pylll<UH H f ( ffi = di). fiycTb X - H30JIH])OB31-l!Ia5l oco6a5l TOlJK a ct)O])Mbl (J). 6 y,neM roBO])HTb, lJTO 01-Ia IIeBbl­ pO)l{lleIIHa5l, eCJIH 3Ta TOlJI<a HeBbl])O)l{lleI-ra 11Jl5! tj)ylII<UHH f. EcJIH 5 1 (T'') - OKpy,KHOCTb (k-Mepl-lblH Top), l!a KOTO])OH cpopMa (J) paBlla HYJIIO, TO B CIIJIY Teo­ peMbl Crm<ca a HeKOTO{)OH Tp y6tJaTOH OKpecTI-IOCTH U :HOH OK])Y)l{HOCTH (Top a ) Q)O])Ma (J) T31{)1{e 6yneT 11mpcj)epe1-1u11aJIOM tj)yHKUHH g . fiycTb ,nJIH ct)YI-IKUHH g 3Ta OKpy,KHOCTb (Top) - HeBbl])O.>i{,Ue HHaH B CMb!CJie 5oTTa. B 3TOM CJlytiae 6y11eM roBO])HTb, lJTO 5 1 (Tk) - IffBbl ])O)l{lleI-Il-ra5l oco6aH OK])Y)l{lIOCTb (TOp) 1-cpopMbl (J). B ,naJibHeH W eM 6y,neM paccMaTpHB3Tb 3 3MIUIYTbie 1-cj)O])Mbl C HeBbl­ po)l{,neI-JHbl\111 oco6bIMH TOlIK3MH, OK])Y)l<HOCTHMH H T0])3MH. Ta1<11e 1-cj)O])Mbl 6y,neM H33b!B3Tb 1-cj)OpMaMH Mopca - 5oTTa. CTene11 b lO HppaullOIIaJibl-lOCTl1 33MKllyTor1 1-cpopMbl Ha3bIBaeTC5l lJIICJIO pau110- 1-IaJibHO He3aBHCl-!MblX 111-ITerpaJIOB no BCeB03MO)KI-IblM O)lHOMepI-lblM LIJIKJl3 M 11 3 rpynnbl fl 1 (Mn, Q). <I>opMbl CTen e 1-m Hppa UHOH3Jlb HOCTI-I O)ll-lH !Ia3b!Ba!OTCH pa 1rn- 01-1aJibllbJMH. B b16epeM He1<0Topy10 OK{)Y)l{HOCTb S1 H 3acj)HKC11pyeM Ha HeH op11e11- TaU.HJO. K a)l{,no.n pau.1101-1aJib1-1011 1-cj)OpMe ffi ua MI-IOroo6pa3HH M'', y KOTOporo H 1 (Mn,Q)=/=0 , Mm1rno conocTaBHTb orn6pa)l<e rrne fro: M"-.S 1 , f,.,(x)= X = s W (mod H . 0 . ,n. (u1, ll2, ... , U;)), rne Xo - cj) I-IKCH])OBa lJI-IaH TOlJKa ~rnoro- Xo o6pa3HH M n, u1 - mne rpam,1 no 6a31-1c1-16IM UHKJiaM 1-13 rpynnbI fl 1 ( M" , Q). KpHTWieCKI-IMI-I TOlJKclMH OT06pa)I<eHHfl to, 6y,ny-r B TOl!HOCTH Te TOlJl{H, KO­ TO])ble 6bIJlH KPHTHl!eCK HMH AJJH cj)OpMbl w. Ec.1 11 a - peryJIH])I-IOe 3 1-IalJe 1-111e oTo6pa)l<eHHH fw, TO acer,na 11a11ne-rCH e > 0 -raiwe, l!TO n.rrn Bcex o. e > o > 0. MHOroo6pa3He W~ = Mn "..., f- 1 (a - 8. a + 0) fll3JIHeTCH K060pl!H3MOM C KpaeM V~=f- 1(a- 8)UV~=r'(a+o) 11 orpaHHlJeHHe orn6pa)l<el-lHH f(J) I-Ia w~ MO)l{J-10 paccMaTpHBaTb K3K c}.ly HKUHIO T(J): nv~. v~. v1,)- ([O , 11, o, 1 ). TiycTb X - ae1nop1-1oe noJie K y rnrn - CMe11J1a 113 rronMHO)l{ec-ra a r Ha 3aMKHYTOM MI-rnroo6pa3 1111 M", y KoToporo fl 1 (M", Q) =I= 0. 0 n pen e JI e H 1-1 e 3. 3aMKH!Jlll!JIO pm1110HallbHy10 1-c/JopMy Mo p ea Eomma (J) 6yoeM Ha3btBan1b 1-c/JopAtOU J1 fll1!Jl·WBQ 811fl BeKtnOpHOZO nollfl KynKu-CMeuAa X U3 nooMHOJtcecmea r (Q ( X) cocmoum u3 1-teCBfl31-tozo o6'beOl.l/-lCHUfl CUHcyARpliblX 3/lCAtCHIIWB I./. 2une1160,w 11eCKUX mopoe T\ 2 < ~ k ~ n - 2) Ha Arnozoo6pa3uu M" , ecAtt a.1/.fl 1wJ1cdo20 pezy11HpHozn :cmatte­ nufl a omo6paJ1CeHufl f ,,, : M"-. S 1 ,w6npou3At w:; cooep JJCum ece MHoJ/cecmeo - r1 0 1-te6AyJ1Comow,ux motteK Q ( X) u ttHoy11upoea1-tHoe omo6pa:;,ceHue f "': (W a , Va, V1)-.([0, 1],0, I) R011 11emcfl c/JynK11uei1 J!flnynoea OAfl ozpaH111teHUfl noAR X Ha W~. n pH Me p. fiycTb M" - 3aM1<1-1y-roe M1-1oroo6pa311e 11 X - seK-ropHoe noJie Mopca - CMeHJia Ha Mn. PacCMOTp HM MI-IOrooopa3He Nn = J\lln',, (D't LJ D ~). r.ne D7 H D~ - MaJJeHhKHe OTK])b!TbJe )lHCKl-1, conep)l<aW,He no O)lHOH oco6oi'.'1 TOlJKe HHJJ,eKCa O H n COOTBeTCTBe III-10. TTpen.noJiaraeM, lJTO y BeKTOJrnoro 126 ISSN 0041-6053. Yx.p. ,\laT. J/CypH.., 1992, T. 44, M 1 TI0JIH X 0HH IIMe!OTCH. PaCCMOTpHM ,llHq:>cjleOMOpq:>H3M h: S\'-1-+ S;1- 1, TIO K0- T0p0MY CKJ!eHM KpaH MHOroo6pa3HH N" (Sf- I = <1 (D;'), i = I , 2) . TioJJyLJeH­ H0e MHoroo6pa 3He o6o3H,:ttrnM qepe3 N,, (h). OLJeBH,llHO, LJT0 Bernop1-10e noJle X 1rn,ny1wpyeT neKTop1-10e noJ1e Ha M1-10roo6pa3m1 N" (h), K0Topoe o6o3Ha'IHM •1epe3 X (h). vlcnoJJh3YH np11eM BHJICOHa, no.n.npaBHM ner<Top1-10e noJre X (h) B 6 Sn-I h (Sn-I) 6 ~ 0Kpecn-1ocT11 TI0,UMI-IOroo pa3HH 2 = 1 T3K HM 0 pa30M, LJTQ Ohl MH0,I<e- CTB0 He6Jly)l{,ll3!0ll.l,HX T0•IeK Q (X (h)) C0CT0HJI0 113 HeCB513H0ro o6b e,llmieHllH BJI0)l{eHHh!X T0p0B Tk' 2 ~ k ~ n - 2, C rttnep6oJlHl!eCK0}1 crpy1<Typor1 11 KpHTHLJeCKHX 3JieMeHT0B noJIH X (61. Qqen11.n.1-10 ne1nop1rne noJJe X (h) HB.rrn­ eTCH ae,nopHhJM noJJeM KynKH - CMettJJa, .n.onycKaJOW.HM 3aM1rnyTy10 1-tjJOp­ MY J1Hny1-1oaa. TToHHTHO, LJT0 3Ta 1-cpopMa J1m1y1roaa n o.r1yqaeTCH l13 cjly 11KUH H JlHnynoaa f : M"-+ [0 , I] .UJJH noJJH X nyreM c1rnei1K11 1<0HU0B oTpe3Ka le: , I - el 11 O'leBHllllh!M n o,nnpaBJJeimeM t B 0KpeCTI-I0CTH 110,llMHOroo6pa3H5l 1-1 (e) . H1-1Tepec1-10 6hIJJO 661 Bhl5lCHHTh norrpoc, Kor.na ne1nop1rne noJre Kyrnrn - CMettJJa ,nonyc1rne-r 3aM1rnyTy10 1-cpopMy J151nyHona? T eo p e Ma 5. n ycmb X - eeKmopHoe noAe Kymw - C.MeiiAa u3 n oo­ MHOJ1cecmea r (Q (X) cocmoum u 3 HeCBH3Hozo o6'oeouHeHllfl cuHcYAHpHbtx BAe­ ,1teH1noe u i unep6oAU'teCKux mopoa T", 2 ~ Ii~ n - 2) Ha MHoc006pa3uu M ", aonyCKG/0!,,U,ee 3QMKHljl1llj10 1-rjJOpAtlj JlHnyHoea (!)_ O6o3HQl/UAt <tep e3 N f l/UCA0- 1 oco6btX mo<teK UHrJeKca A, <tep e3 Ni. - l/UCA0 U30AUp08QflfiblX 3Q,HKfl!JTnblX op- 6um Ufi(]eKca A, <tepe3 Nf - l/UCA0 l?-AtepHb/X mopoe UH<1eKca II, U3 AtH0J/Cecmea ne6Ay»ciJa1ou4u x m o<teK Q (X) noAH X. T oiiJa Bbtn0AHRJOmcH HepaeeHcnwa 0 I I Tl-A ~ ( f? \ le ~ n . . - I N'J.. + N,._ 1 +Ni.+ "~ 2 ~ o i) Ni.+;~ µ (H,. (Moi, ;l [t, t ]) + + ~L (Tor s H i.-1 (M :'., ;l (l, t-1)). 3iJecb 1\1~ - AWHUMGAbfl0e flaKpbl8QI0U{ee Atfl0006pa3ue, flQ KomopoAt qJOpAta (J} • cmaH08UlllCfl mo<tflOU, H ; (MZ, , ;;f+ It , t- 1])- 20.M0A0cUU, eeeoeHJtbte C. n. H o- 8UK08blM <1Afl AtHocao6pasuH M~ (eo.MoAoeuu. n ocmp oeHHbte no i;en flM, 6ecKo­ He<tHbtM 8 OOflY cmopoHy) , Z+ [f, f-1 ] - K0Abl{0 A0paH0BCKUX pROOB (non o/lH.e­ flUe ;;pynnoaozo K0Abl{O -ZZ. lt, t-1 ] no cmeneHHAt ti, i > 0), flBAflJ0U(eecfl K0AbU,0Jlt eAQ8HblX u oea,108, ~t (If) - JrtUHUAtaAbH0e 1tUCA0 o6pa3y!OU{UX MOOYAR f-1 . lloKa3aTeJibCTBO 3TOii TeopeMbl 0CH0B3H0 Ha MeTo.ue, npe.UJl0)l{eHH0M C. n. HoBHKOBb!M .UJJH 113yqeHHH 3aMKHYTh!X 1-cpopM, H pa3B11T0M 3aTeM B p a- 6oTaX A. B. 3opttLJa, A. B . TTmKHTHOBa, M. ill. <l>ap6epa [7-10]. I. na11uc )!(., lle M e11y B. reoMeTptt tJecKair Teopttir .llHHaMtttJecKHX cttcTeM.- M. : Mttp, 1986.- 301 c. 2. Ma11er K. Energy functions for Morse - Smale systems // Amer. J. Math.- 1968.- 90 , N 4.- P. 103 1-1040. 3. Smale S. On gradient dynamical systems// Ann. Math.- 1961.- 74, N 1.- P. 199-206. 4. lllapKo B. B . .IlecpopMaUHH ¢YHKUH11 Mopca. I// YKp. MaT. ;>KYJJH.- 1989.- 41, N~ 2.­ C. 237-243. 5. Rosenberfl. H. A generali za tion of Morse - Smale inequalities // Bull. Amer. M ath. Soc.- 1964.- 70, N 3.- P. 422-427. 6. T aAu1pa 11. TonoJiorm1 cJioeHHH.- M.: i\1Hp, 1979.- 317 c. 7. Hoowwo C . n . faMHJibTOHOB <j:JopMaJIH3M H MHoro3HatJHblH aHaJior TeopHH Mopca II Y cnex1t MaT. HayK.- 1982 .- 37, M 5.- C. 3-49. 8. 3opu,, A. B. KBa3HnepH01!HtJeCKaH CTJJYKTypa IlOBepx HOCTeii yp0DflH MopcODCKOH qJOJ)Mbl, 6JIH3KOH K pauttoHaJibHOH,- 3a.naqa c. .n. HOBHKOBa // l13B. AH CCCP. Cep. MaT.- 1987. 51, N<1 6.- C. 1322-1344. 9 . naJICUmH.OO A. 8. 0 TOtJHOCTH HepaBeHCTB HOBHKOBa JlJJH MHoroo6pa3HH co CB060,l.lHOH a6c­ JieDOH cpy11na Me1naJibHOil rpynnoi"I // M aT. c6. - 1990.- 180, N~ 11.- C. 1486- 1523. 10. cPap6ep M. Ill . To•lflOCTb HepaBeHCTB HODHKOBa / / <PyHKUHOH. aHaJIH3 H ero npHJJ .- 1985.- 19, .N~ 1,- c. 49-59, IloJJy4eHO I0,09,91 ISSN 0041-6053. Ytcp. MaT. ,w;ypH., 199.'!. r. 44 . M I 127 0114-1 0115 0116 0117 0118 0119 0120 0121 0122 0123 0124
id umjimathkievua-article-7802
institution Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal
keywords_txt_mv keywords
language rus
last_indexed 2026-03-24T03:33:59Z
publishDate 1992
publisher Institute of Mathematics, NAS of Ukraine
record_format ojs
resource_txt_mv umjimathkievua/60/e41d471eacb976b4b509dd6f836bbc60.pdf
spelling umjimathkievua-article-78022023-09-14T12:03:56Z Topological aspects of dynamic systems Топологические аспекты динамических систем Sharko , V. V. Шарко, В. В. We give a definition of a minimal vector field whose singular elements are all hyperbolic. For a particular class of smooth manifolds we compute the number of minimal Morse-Smale vector fields. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for the L-equivalence of Morse-Smale vector fields. For Kupka-Smale fields we introduce a Lyapunov 1-form which we use to write down inequalities for the singular elements. Дано определение минимального векторного поля, особые элементы которого гиперболичны. Для некоторого класса гладких многообразий вычислено число минимальных векторных полей Морса—Смейла. Найдены необходимые и достаточные условия L-эквивалентности векторных полей Морса—Смейла. Для полей Купки — Смейла введена 1-форма Ляпунова, на основании которой выписаны неравенства для сингулярных элементов. Дано визначення мінімального векторного поля, особливі елементи якого гіперболічні. Для деякого класу гладких многовидів підраховано число мінімальних векторних полів Морса — Смейла. Знайдені необхідні і достатні умови L-еквівалентності мінімальних векторних полів Морса—Смейла. Для полів Купки — Смейла введена 1-форма Ляпунова, на основі якої виписані нерівності для сингулярних елементів. Institute of Mathematics, NAS of Ukraine 1992-02-04 Article Article application/pdf https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/article/view/7802 Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal; Vol. 44 No. 1 (1992); 122-127 Український математичний журнал; Том 44 № 1 (1992); 122-127 1027-3190 rus https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/article/view/7802/9470 Copyright (c) 1992 V. V. Sharko
spellingShingle Sharko , V. V.
Шарко, В. В.
Topological aspects of dynamic systems
title Topological aspects of dynamic systems
title_alt Топологические аспекты динамических систем
title_full Topological aspects of dynamic systems
title_fullStr Topological aspects of dynamic systems
title_full_unstemmed Topological aspects of dynamic systems
title_short Topological aspects of dynamic systems
title_sort topological aspects of dynamic systems
url https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/article/view/7802
work_keys_str_mv AT sharkovv topologicalaspectsofdynamicsystems
AT šarkovv topologicalaspectsofdynamicsystems
AT sharkovv topologičeskieaspektydinamičeskihsistem
AT šarkovv topologičeskieaspektydinamičeskihsistem