EVALUATION OF THE INTENSITY OF THE EXTERNAL WATER EXCHANGE AT THE KIEV RESERVOIR DEPENDING ON THE WATER YEAR

• Дата: 2017
• Автори: Obukhov, E., Koretsky, E.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Russian
• Опубліковано: Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2017
• Теми: water reservoir; water balance; water exchange; intensity; indicators
• Онлайн доступ: https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/24
• Назва журналу: Vidnovluvana energetika

The problem of reservoirs is currently functioning in a changing climate. Under these conditions, the water resources management of water bodies, assess their condition and ongoing processes require constant monitoring and analysis. The process intensity of water exchange in reservoirs are one of the most important characteristics of their condition. The interaction of hydrological and hydrodynamic processes affect external and internal water exchange, the concentration of solutes in ponds, quality of water, the intensity of algal blooms in the reservoirs of the steppe zone in the accumulation of chemical or biological substances. The aim of this work is the study of the intensity of the external water exchange at the Kiev reservoir, taking into account the water year for the period of its sexploitative 1968-2015, the horizontal and vertical components of the water cycle and its economic use. The main materials of the study are real bodibalance indicators for the Kiev reservoir over the wet 1970 (inflows 50,32 km3) and shallow 1972 (of 23.32 km3) and 2015 (15.0 km3) years of its operation. On the basis of the components of the water balance of the characteristic years and their gradual accounting a study of the external water exchange in the reservoir using the technique adopted by the formulas of Stefan V. N., Litvinov A. S., Kalinin, G. P. and A. V. Karaushev Defined intensity factors and indicators of external water exchange for each month of the year, the months with the maximum and minimum intensity of the external water exchange in temporary units and the main factor of influence is the lateral inflow in the reservoir, or precipitation and evaporation, or economic use of water. A comparison of the intensity of the external water exchange in the Kiev reservoir by years of water availability. Indicators of external water exchange in the reservoir in time units in annual aspect in abounding  1970 – 0.062 (23 days) in dry years 1972 – 0,136 (50 days), very shallow, 2015 – 0,203 years (74 days).The maximum ratio of the intensity of external water exchange in the reservoir in wet 1970 equal 5,243 (April), and, accordingly, the rate of external water exchange Tu = 0.19 years, the minimum KV = 0,461 (September), Tu = 2.17 years. In the dry year 1972 maximum KV = 1,41 (April) and Tu = 0.71 years, the minimum KV = 0,364 (September) and Tu = 2.75 years. In the low-water year 2015, the maximum Square = 0,763 (March) and Tu = 1.31 years, the minimum KV = 0,196 (September) and Tu = 5.10 years. Note that the higher the intensity of the external water exchange of the KV, the lower the rate of external water exchange in time units Tu and intense change of water in reservoir and its purification. If That figure is less than one, then the shift of regulatory water resources of the reservoir will occur in less than a year. The main factor influencing the exchange of water of the Kiev reservoir is lateral inflow in March 1970, lateral inflow in March and rainfall evaporation, in August 1972, precipitation and evaporation in August 2015. The results of the research can be useful in the formation of hydrochemical and development of operational modes of the reservoir in terms of climate change.