MODERN APPROACHES TO THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SEED GRAIN DRYING

• Дата: 2021
• Автор: Pazіuk, V.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2021
• Теми: seeds; heat pumps; drying; energy efficiency; насіння; теплові насоси; сушіння; енергоефективність.
• Онлайн доступ: https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/323
• Назва журналу: Vidnovluvana energetika

The article offers modern methods of low-temperature drying of grain crops. The most common for drying grain crops are bunkers and silos for ventilation, column and mine type dryers. The energy costs of grain dryers at the most known manufacturers, which are depending on the type of grain dryer. 4350 - 5000 kJ / kg of evaporated moisture. An energy classification of existing grain dryers has been developed depending on measures aimed at reducing energy heat consumption, but this is not enough. Heat consumption in existing grain dryers needs to be reduced, so measures have been developed to reduce heat consumption for the drying process, among which it is advisable to use heat pumps that comprehensively solve the problem of energy efficiency. The efficiency of the heat pump installation is confirmed by the conducted experimental researches in which energy expenses on 1 kg of the evaporated moisture making 3675–3700 kJ / kg of the evaporated moisture are calculated. The process of drying cereal seeds in a heat pump drying unit undergoes periods of heating, constant and decreasing drying speed. The most suitable temperature of the drying agent is 50 ° C, the drying speed is 1.5 m / s and a layer of material of 20 mm. Seed properties of grain crops after heat treatment remain at the level of 99–100%. The solution to the problem of energy efficiency of drying of seeds of grain crops is reached by installation in the technological scheme of drying of the heat pump installation. The grain drying unit consists of 3 zones, the first zone with a temperature of 80 ° C is necessary for fast heating of seeds of grain crops, the second zone with a heat carrier temperature of 50 ° C from the condenser of the heat pump allows to dry seeds, the third zone is used for cooling of material from the heat pump evaporator. Ref. 10, fig. 6.