USING MICROINVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CLUSTER
Decentralization and distribution of generating capacities leads to the stability and scalability of the energy system, that in the work proposes the construction of solar power plants in the form of a cluster structure with the creation of unified generating modules. The main idea is to use microin...
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Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2024
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Vidnovluvana energetika| _version_ | 1871103727049375744 |
|---|---|
| author | Bondarenko , D. Matyakh , S. |
| author_facet | Bondarenko , D. Matyakh , S. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "D. Bondarenko ",
"institution": "Institute of Renewable Energy NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "S. Matyakh ",
"institution": "Institute of Renewable Energy NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine"
}
] |
| author_sort | Bondarenko , D. |
| baseUrl_str | https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-18T06:32:19Z |
| description | Decentralization and distribution of generating capacities leads to the stability and scalability of the energy system, that in the work proposes the construction of solar power plants in the form of a cluster structure with the creation of unified generating modules. The main idea is to use microinverters as equipment that converts direct current into alternating current. The advantages of using microinverters as devices that ensure decentralization within the framework of a solar power plant, locally, are noted. The implementation of microinverters together with storages of electrical energy is shown. Systems with different types of battery placement are described. The possibility of using individual photovoltaic panels as an independent generating unit in the overall structure of the cluster was noted. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.36296/1819-8058.2024.1(76).51-56 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T11:39:21Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
51
Відновлювана енергетика. №1/2024 | Сонячна енергетика
https://doi.org/10.36296/1819-8058.2024.1(76)51-56
USING MICROINVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CLUSTER
Received Jan. 16. 2024; accepted Mar. 22. 2024
Available online Apr. 01. 2024
Bondarenko D.1, Matyakh S.2
Corresponding author: Bondarenko Dmytro,
e-mail: dima7007bond@gmail.com
Abstract. Decentralization and distribution of generating capacities
leads to the stability and scalability of the energy system, that in
the work proposes the construction of solar power plants in the form of a cluster structure with the creation of
unified generating modules. The main idea is to use microinverters as equipment that converts direct current
into alternating current. The advantages of using microinverters as devices that ensure decentralization within
the framework of a solar power plant, locally, are noted. The implementation of microinverters together with
storages of electrical energy is shown. Systems with different types of battery placement are described. The
possibility of using individual photovoltaic panels as an independent generating unit in the overall structure of
the cluster was noted.
Keywords: microinverter, pv-panel, battery, converter, inverter, cluster, unit.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МІКРОІНВЕРТОРІВ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНОГО КЛАСТЕРА
Отримано 16 січ. 2024 р.; рекомендовано до публікації 22 бер. 2024 р.
Доступно онлайн 01 квіт. 2024 р.
Бондаренко Д. В.1, Матях С. В.2
Автор для кореспонденції: Бондаренко Дмитро,
e-mail: dima7007bond@gmail.com
Анотація. Децентралізація та розподілення генерувальних
потужностей сприяє стійкості та масштабованості
енергетичної системи, тому в роботі пропонується побудова сонячних електричних станцій у вигляді
кластерної структури зі створенням уніфікованих генерувальних модулів. Головною ідеєю є
використання мікроінверторів як обладнання, що перетворює постійний струм на змінний. Відмічені
переваги використання мікроінверторів як приладів, що забезпечують децентралізацію у межах
сонячної електростанції, локально. Показана реалізація мікроінверторів разом із засобами
накопичування електричної енергії. Описані системи з різним типом розміщення акумуляторів.
Указується на можливість застосування окремих фотоелектричних панелей як самостійної
генерувальної одиниці в загальній структурі кластера.
Ключові слова: мікроінвертор, фотоелектрична панель, акумулятор, конвертор, інвертор, кластер,
модуль.
Introduction. The use of energy clusters in solar energy is a
promising direction for the development of renewable en-
ergy. This approach ensures decentralization of the energy
system, modularity, universality and its resistance to exter-
nal and internal factors [1]. In addition, the implementation
of intelligent control systems [2, 3] of energy systems re-
quires flexible and distributed electrical engineering solu-
tions [4]. The construction of a cluster requires the use of
uniform units of the same type, which encourages the de-
velopment of localized energy equipment of small size and
power. Such an element of the system can be a
1 канд. техн. наук.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5629-930X
2 канд. техн. наук.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1707-3519
1,2 Інститут відновлюваної енергетики
НАН України, м. Київ, Україна
1 PhD.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5629-930X
2 PhD.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1707-3519
1,2 Institute of Renewable Energy NAS of
Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
52
Відновлювана енергетика. №1/2024 | Сонячна енергетика
microinverter, which, for connection to the network, con-
verts direct current into alternating current directly next to
the generating module, or not far from it.
Setting objectives. Develop a typical unit of a solar power
supply system using microinverters. Describe optimal de-
signs.
Microinverter. A microinverter is a device that has the
function of converting low voltage direct current into high
voltage alternating current, which is a commonly used
power supply standard. For example, for offices, small busi-
nesses, apartments, etc., it is 220V 50/60Hz. But the size
and power of such an inverter allow them to be installed
directly next to solar panels [5]. That is, each panel (or two
or four) has own DC-to-AC converter. The microinverter has
a power of approximately 200-400W, with good quality of
power conversion and 97% efficiency. These microinverters
form their own alternating current grid (Fig. 1) [6].
Fig. 1. Energy system with microinverter
The main functional parts of the microinverter are the DC-
DC StepUp module and the DC/AC-inverter [7, 8]. In the
step-up module, the voltage of 12-18V rises to 320V, and in
the DC/AC-inverter the current of this voltage is converted
either into pulses or into a harmonic signal of the required
frequency and amplitude of 320V (220V effective or r.m.s.
voltage). The majority of the DC-DC StepUp converter is a
Flyback converter (Fig. 2) [9, 10, 11], the most successful
implementation of such a converter is with an active clamp.
In the vast majority, the DC/AC-inverter is a Full bridge in-
verter (Fig. 3) [12, 13].
Fig. 2. Flyback converter
Fig. 3. Full bridge inverter
Also, the microinverter must contain an MPPT-controller to
obtain the maximum generation power [14]. And also, it in-
cludes a matching module with other microinverters on the
line, as grid parameters such as amplitude, frequency, and
phase must be matched [15]. The matching module and
MPPT-controller have to be made on the basis of modern
microcontroller technology, such as programmable logic
controllers with the presence of an analog-to-digital con-
verter (ADC) and controlled digital and analog outputs.
Thus, the system looks as follows (Fig. 4) [16].
53
Відновлювана енергетика. №1/2024 | Сонячна енергетика
Fig. 4. Microinverter with control
Use of microinverters in a cluster unit. To form an energy
cluster based on photovoltaic systems, it is necessary to
have unified units that are combined into a cluster. In this
case, the unit consists of photovoltaic panels, microinvert-
ers, which are combined into a local alternating current
network. In the proposed scheme (Fig. 5), the alternating
current from the photovoltaic panels, or rather from their
inverters, is fed to the control panel, which manages the
system and collects data from the inverters using interfaces
or data exchange protocols, such as Power Line Communi-
cation. Switching from the local grid and to the general
electric power grid is carried out by manual and automatic
transfer switch. In addition, along with the control panel,
electrical energy is stored using an electrochemical battery,
for which it is necessary to implement a charge and dis-
charge system, as well as a system of conversion from al-
ternating current to direct current and vice versa.
To create a cluster, our local grid must also exchange data
with the general network. The Control Panel has external
communication interfaces. which can be PLC, ModBus, CAN
or others. It is necessary to exchange all or many electrical
parameters and modes of operation of the units. For exam-
ple, information about the operation of the unit may con-
tain such data as the output power of the generation, the
value of accumulated charge in the battery, the value of the
consumed load that is connected to the unit [15].
Fig. 5. Unit with microinverters
54
Відновлювана енергетика. №1/2024 | Сонячна енергетика
Unit with microinverters and storages inside PV-panels.
To implement a distributed system not only in terms of gen-
eration, but also in terms of accumulation electrical energy,
it is possible to place the storage device next to the in-
verter. For this, together with the microinverter, the sys-
tem of charge and discharge of the electrochemical battery
must be implemented [17]. The choice of the type of elec-
trochemical battery usually point to lithium models, but it
is necessary to take into account the temperature mode of
operation, which will mostly be bad to lithium models [18].
Therefore, it is advisable to consider alkaline or acidic op-
tions. In one case, the accumulator with the charge system
is included in the DC/DC-convertor before the DC/AC-in-
verters in the microinverter [19]. In this case, it is advisable
to use a combination of Back and Boost converters (Fig. 6).
Another option is to include the battery, as a separate de-
vice, between the photovoltaic panel and the microin-
verter, as shown in Fig.7.
Fig. 6. DC-DC converter with storage
In the variant from Figure 7, the scheme of decreasing the
voltage to the charging and increasing the voltage to the
working one is performed inside of the battery charge and
discharge system using a DC-DC converter. It is advisable to
use a bidirectional DC-DC converter [20, 21].
In the case which the storage devices are distributed and
placed next to the photovoltaic panels allows to increase
the stability of the system.
It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that in the case
of placing a distributed backup power system, it is neces-
sary to provide additional protection and safety elements,
since high voltage will be contained on the alternating cur-
rent line without being controlled from the central control
panel. The removal of power from the local AC line must be
monitored on each inverter.
Fig. 7. Unit with microinverters and storages inside PV-panels
Unit with microinverters and storages outside PV-panels.
In the case of impossibility or impracticality of placing mi-
croinverters and accumulators next to the photovoltaic
panel, for example due to inappropriate temperature
modes for the operation of electrochemical batteries, it is
possible to implement a system with group connection of
photovoltaic panels in a remote and isolated place (Fig. 8).
It should be noted that even in this case, the principle of
individual direct current conversion from each panel, as
well as individual energy storage, is implemented.
55
Відновлювана енергетика. №1/2024 | Сонячна енергетика
Fig. 8. Unit with microinverters and storages outside PV-panels
Conclusion. Using of microinverters is good way for united
of small power systems, like units of distributed system to
cluster. The cluster-unit approach improves the stability
and scalability of the wide energy system as a whole, and in
local areas too. Also, the distributed cluster can replace or
create an alternative to industrial power plants.
Actually, solution with microinverters is more convenient,
that we can connect to AC bus in any parts of circuit. Also,
we can connect different type of pv-panels or other equip-
ment in this case. And if happened failure some inverters
or shading some panel, this application is more stable. We
should note about good practice galvanic isolation in grid-
connected photovoltaic microinverters.
Also, it should be noted that the advantage of using mi-
croinverters is the possible standalone use of a photovol-
taic panel directly as an element of a cluster, that is, con-
necting the panel microinverter directly to the cluster grid.
But as mentioned above, it is necessary to implement secu-
rity measures separately for each panel.
Using of parts of intelligent systems and operating algo-
rithms in the units and the cluster will allow to control the
processes of generation, accumulation and distribution in
optimal modes and quickly balance the system in case of
failure of individual elements of the cluster.
This article is made in accordance with the scientific pro-
gram 6541230 – "Energogarant".
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|
| id | veorgua-article-441 |
| institution | Vidnovluvana energetika |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-19T01:12:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | veorgua/da/fc8c6af43989be24f9a5fa8c169340da.pdf |
| spelling | veorgua-article-4412026-07-18T06:32:19Z USING MICROINVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CLUSTER ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МІКРОІНВЕРТОРІВ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНОГО КЛАСТЕРА Bondarenko , D. Matyakh , S. microinverter, pv-panel, battery, converter, inverter, cluster, unit. мікроінвертор, фотоелектрична панель, акумулятор, конвертор, інвертор, кластер, модуль. Decentralization and distribution of generating capacities leads to the stability and scalability of the energy system, that in the work proposes the construction of solar power plants in the form of a cluster structure with the creation of unified generating modules. The main idea is to use microinverters as equipment that converts direct current into alternating current. The advantages of using microinverters as devices that ensure decentralization within the framework of a solar power plant, locally, are noted. The implementation of microinverters together with storages of electrical energy is shown. Systems with different types of battery placement are described. The possibility of using individual photovoltaic panels as an independent generating unit in the overall structure of the cluster was noted. Децентралізація та розподілення генерувальних потужностей сприяє стійкості та масштабованості енергетичної системи, тому в роботі пропонується побудова сонячних електричних станцій у вигляді кластерної структури зі створенням уніфікованих генерувальних модулів. Головною ідеєю є використання мікроінверторів як обладнання, що перетворює постійний струм на змінний. Відмічені переваги використання мікроінверторів як приладів, що забезпечують децентралізацію у межах сонячної електростанції, локально. Показана реалізація мікроінверторів разом із засобами накопичування електричної енергії. Описані системи з різним типом розміщення акумуляторів. Указується на можливість застосування окремих фотоелектричних панелей як самостійної генерувальної одиниці в загальній структурі кластера. Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2024-04-05 Article Article application/pdf https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/441 10.36296/1819-8058.2024.1(76).51-56 Vidnovluvana energetika ; No. 1(76) (2024): Scientific and applied Journal renewable energy ; 51-56 Возобновляемая энергетика; ##issue.no## 1(76) (2024): Scientific and applied Journal renewable energy ; 51-56 Відновлювана енергетика; № 1(76) (2024): Науково-прикладний журнал Відновлювана енергетика; 51-56 2664-8172 1819-8058 10.36296/1819-8058.2024.1(76) en https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/441/349 Copyright (c) 2024 D. Bondarenko , S. Matyakh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | microinverter pv-panel battery converter inverter cluster unit. Bondarenko , D. Matyakh , S. USING MICROINVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CLUSTER |
| title | USING MICROINVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CLUSTER |
| title_alt | ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МІКРОІНВЕРТОРІВ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНОГО КЛАСТЕРА |
| title_full | USING MICROINVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CLUSTER |
| title_fullStr | USING MICROINVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CLUSTER |
| title_full_unstemmed | USING MICROINVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CLUSTER |
| title_short | USING MICROINVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CLUSTER |
| title_sort | using microinverters for photovoltaic cluster |
| topic | microinverter pv-panel battery converter inverter cluster unit. |
| topic_facet | microinverter pv-panel battery converter inverter cluster unit. мікроінвертор фотоелектрична панель акумулятор конвертор інвертор кластер модуль. |
| url | https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/441 |
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