STEADY ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA: AN OVERVIEW
Under the goals of the Paris Agreement aimed at addressing climate change, the construction of sustainable energy systems is emphasized. Using the example of the Republic of Algeria, this article ana-lyzes the stated objective of achieving the necessary potential for the development of systems with...
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| author | Ostapchuk , O. Tires , I. |
| author_facet | Ostapchuk , O. Tires , I. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "O. Ostapchuk ",
"institution": "National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Kyiv, Ukraine; Institute of Renewable Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "I. Tires ",
"institution": "National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Kyiv, Ukraine "
}
] |
| author_sort | Ostapchuk , O. |
| baseUrl_str | https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-18T06:32:19Z |
| description | Under the goals of the Paris Agreement aimed at addressing climate change, the construction of sustainable energy systems is emphasized. Using the example of the Republic of Algeria, this article ana-lyzes the stated objective of achieving the necessary potential for the development of systems with re-newable energy sources, the current state, and the possibilities of the energy system, as well as the dy-namics of distributed generation facilities. Factors influencing the development of generation systems are identified, including the country's geographical location, availability of specific natural resources, and the development of energy infrastructure.
A path to achieving climate neutrality is proposed through the exploration of internal reserves, such as enhancing the energy efficiency of the most widespread consumers of electricity. The research focus-es on the factors influencing the development of generation systems based on renewable energy sources. The methods employed include analysis and synthesis of the existing situation in the field of electricity supply system development.
The study aims to identify factors for achieving the goals of the energy transition in the Republic of Algeria. The results of the study include determining pathways for the development of energy systems to construct sustainable energy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.36296/1819-8058.2024.2(77).21-31 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T11:39:25Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
21
Відновлювана енергетика. №2/2024 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
УДК 621.311.243 https://doi.org/10.36296/1819-8058.2024.2(77)21-31
STEADY ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA: AN OVERVIEW
Received Apr. 02, 2024; accepted Jun. 21, 2024
Available online Jul. 01, 2024
Ostapchuk O.1, 2, Tires I.1
Author for correspondence: Оstapchuk Oleksandr,
e-mail: o.ostapchuk@kpi.ua
Under the goals of the Paris Agreement aimed at addressing cli-
mate change, the construction of sustainable energy systems is em-
phasized. Using the example of the Republic of Algeria, this article
ana-lyzes the stated objective of achieving the necessary potential
for the development of systems with re-newable energy sources,
the current state, and the possibilities of the energy system, as well as the dy-namics of distributed generation
facilities. Factors influencing the development of generation systems are identified, including the country's geo-
graphical location, availability of specific natural resources, and the development of energy infrastructure.
A path to achieving climate neutrality is proposed through the exploration of internal reserves, such as enhancing
the energy efficiency of the most widespread consumers of electricity. The research focus-es on the factors influ-
encing the development of generation systems based on renewable energy sources. The methods employed in-
clude analysis and synthesis of the existing situation in the field of electricity supply system development.
The study aims to identify factors for achieving the goals of the energy transition in the Republic of Algeria. The
results of the study include determining pathways for the development of energy systems to construct sustainable
energy.
Keywords: renewable energy sources, sustainable development, electric power engineering, greenhouse gases,
solar and wind energy, distribution networks, energy systems, photovoltaic stations.
СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ АЛЖИРУ: ОГЛЯД
Отримано 02 квіт. 2024 р.; рекомендовано до публікації 21 чер. 2024 р.
Доступно онлайн 01 лип. 2024 р.
Остапчук О. В.1,2, Тірес І.1
Автор для кореспонденції: Остапчук Олександр,
e-mail: o.ostapchuk@kpi.ua
Відповідно до завдань Паризької угоди, які направлені на вирі-
шення проблеми зміни клімату є побудова систем сталої
енергетики. На прикладі Республіки Алжир аналізується зая-
влена мета щодо досягнення необхідного потенціалу розви-
тку систем з відновлюваними джерелами енергії, поточний
стан та можливості енергетичної системи і динаміка розвитку об’єктів розподіле-ної генерації. Вста-
новлено фактори впливу на розвиток систем генерації, до яких належать географічне положення кра-
їни, забезпечення природними ресурсами окремого виду та розвиток енергетичної інфраструктури. За-
пропоновано шлях досягнення кліматичної нейтральності через пошук внутрішніх резервів шляхом
підвищення енергетичної ефективності найбільш роз-повсюджених споживачів електричної енергії.
Об’єктом дослідження є фактори впливу на роз-виток систем генерації на основі відновлюваних дже-
рел енергії. Методи дослідження – аналіз та синтез існуючої ситуації у сфері розвитку систем забезпе-
чення електричною енергією. Метою роботи є визначення факторів щодо досягнення цілей
1 Dr. of Tech. Sciences, professor.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-2423
2 Graduate Student
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-141X
1 National Technical University of Ukraine
«Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»,
Kyiv, Ukraine
2 Institute of Renewable Energy of the National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
1 д-р техн. наук, проф.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-2423
2 аспірант
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-141X
1 Національний технічний університет Укра-
їни «Київський політехнічний інститут імені
Ігоря Сікорського», м. Київ, Україна
2 Інститут відновлюваної енергетики НАН
України, м. Київ, Україна
22
Відновлювана енергетика. №2/2024 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
енергетичного переходу республіки Ал-жир. Результатом виконаної роботи є визначення шляхів розви-
тку енергосистем для побудови сталої енергетики.
Ключові слова: відновлювані джерела енергії, сталий розвиток, електроенергетика, парникові гази,
сонячна енергетика, вітроенеретика, розподільні мережі, енергосистема, фотоелектрич-ні станції.
Abbreviations:
GG – greenhouse gases
RES – renewable energy sources
PV – solar energy
WPP – wind power plant
CCP – combined-cycle plant
PV – solar power plant
ТPP – thermal power plant
GTPP – gas thermal power plant
HPP – hydropower plant
PP – power plant
Introduction. One of the global challenges today is the no-
ticeable climate change on the planet, which led to the
adoption of the Paris Agreement on climate change,
which recognizes the impact of climate change on the fur-
ther state of human and environmental development. The
document provides for ensuring the widest possible coop-
eration of all signatory countries in order to effectively re-
spond to the global problem of GG emissions. The main
condition of the Agreement is to reduce the rate of in-
crease in average temperature below 2°C compared to
pre-industrial levels and to make maximum efforts to limit
temperature rise to 1.5 °C [2]. An unofficial decision of the
same Agreement is to provide financial support of $100
billion to developing countries. This measure is primarily
aimed at increasing the interest of these countries, chang-
ing their energy policies, creating new jobs, etc. One ex-
ample of work towards an energy transition and the chal-
lenges it faces is the experience of the People's
Democratic Republic of Algeria (Algeria), which in 2011
chose the path of building sustainable energy. The coun-
try's leadership set an ambitious goal – to reduce green-
house gas emissions by 7% by 2030 through its own capa-
bilities, with further expansion to 22% with external
support. The result of this activity was the creation of the
Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy Sources
(2017) and the establishment of a plan to achieve 22 GW
of installed capacity of renewable energy facilities by 2030
[3]. Under the updated Renewable Energy Development
Program adopted in 2020, the share of RES is planned to
increase to 16 GW, including 15 GW connected to the grid
and 1 GW off-grid (by 2035), with an interim target of 4
GW connected to the grid and 500 MW off-grid by the end
of 2024 [4-5].
Problem Statement. Based on the text of the above pro-
grams, the increase in the share of RES will be achieved
through solar photovoltaic and thermal energy, cogener-
ation, biomass, geothermal and wind energy, and involves
the development of a long-term strategy for certain econ-
omy sectors to determine their prospects. Particular at-
tention should be addressed to ensuring the sustainability
of the system, i.e., the possibility of its harmonious devel-
opment without impact on the environment. The prioriti-
zation of development is influenced by a significant num-
ber of various factors, such as: the structure of electricity
consumers, the geographical location of the country, the
energy potential of resources, etc. The aim of the study is
to determine the possibilities for achieving the goals of
the energy transition of the Republic of Algeria and the
factors that will contribute to the implementation of the
approved program or, conversely, hinder its develop-
ment.
Methods. The article used comparative, expert and statis-
tical analysis of data presented in scientific papers, materi-
als of international analytical agencies and organizations
dedicated to studying the country's energy potential, prob-
lems of energy systems development, etc.; synthesis of the
results was obtained.
Main content. The Republic of Algeria is located in North
Africa between 35° and 38° north latitude and 8° and 12°
east longitude, has a total area of 2.381 million km², and is
the largest country on the continent and ranks 10th in the
world by land area [6] (Fig. 1). The entire territory is divided
into three geographical zones: the north (the Tell region),
the high plateaus, and the Sahara Desert. About 87% of the
area is under the Sahara Desert, which explains why 90% of
the population is concentrated in the northern part of the
country.
As for the energy potential, this country has significant re-
serves of fossil fuels (oil and natural gas) and has been a
member of OPEC+ since its origination [7]. This circumstance
significantly affects the structure of the country's energy sec-
tor. According to the latest data published by the Ministry of
Energy and Coal at the end of 2017, the country's energy sec-
tor consisted of approximately 97% from energy obtained
from fossil fuels, particularly natural gas [8] (Fig. 2).
The largest electricity production operator is the state-
owned company Sonelgaz-Electricity Production, which
provides maintenance and operation of its PPs, with an in-
stalled capacity of over 18 GW, with the prospect of in-
creasing to 23 GW (planned for 2030). The company uses
four main types of generation with different capacities:
steam and gas turbines, hydraulic plants, and combined-
23
Відновлювана енергетика. №2/2024 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
cycle facilities. As of 2022, the company has 59 power
plants on its balance sheet, namely [9]:
− 5 thermal power plants (TPPs), 14 generators;
− 30 gas-fired thermal power plants (GTPPs), 83 generators;
− 14 mobile gas turbine plants (GTPs), 50 generators;
− 2 combined-cycle power plants (14 generators);
− 4 hydropower plants (HPPs).
a) b)
Fig. 1. Geographical location on the continent (a) and topographic map of Algeria (b)
Fig. 2. Share of electricity production by types in 2017
24
Відновлювана енергетика. №2/2024 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
In addition to these facilities, the company operates the
Hassi Berkine gas turbines (4x110 MW). As a result, in the
structure of installed capacity by type of generation, the
share of gas turbines (55%), combined-cycle plants (29%),
and steam turbines (11%) prevails. The remaining 5% is dis-
tributed among other production facilities (diesel plants,
hydraulic power plants, and renewable energy systems).
The dynamics of the company's energy sources develop-
ment is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Rate of change 2018/2019 %
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
IO
N
Steam turbine 849,5 GWh +7,0%
Gas turbine 3 673,2 GWh -11,2%
Combined cycle 3 866,4 GWh +32,9%
Hydraulic 17,1 GWh -
Diesel 83,7 GWh -19,4%
Photovoltaic 52,4 GWh +1,3%
Wind 0,2 GWh -34,2%
By reviewing the company's strategic plans, conclusion can
be made that the goal is to build and launch an additional 4
GW of combined-cycle capacity by the end of 2021 was only
partially realized through the launch of the Bellara com-
bined-cycle plant (with a capacity of 1.4 GW) and the plant
in Naama (with a capacity of 1.2 GW).
Analyzing the location map of the specified objects on the
territory of the country [9], it is possible to conclude that
the vast majority of generating capacities of various types
(gas, hydraulic, wind, etc.) are concentrated in the north of
the country, other regions have mainly diesel power plants
at their disposal, which have the most negative impact on
the environment.
The map showing the location of these facilities on the
territory is given in Fig. 3 [9]. Based on statistical data pro-
vided by the EIA agency, from 2011 to 2020 the total in-
stalled capacity of the energy system (Fig. 3a) and the
level of electricity consumption in Algeria (Fig. 3b) almost
doubled [10].
a)
b)
Fig. 3. Installed capacity (a) and energy production (b) of Algeria's energy system for 2011-2020
25
Відновлювана енергетика. №2/2024 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
Despite a certain decline associated with COVID-19 quaran-
tine restrictions, the trend of increasing electricity
consumption in the energy system continued its overall
growth in recent years (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4. Electricity consumption in the energy system
From the data presented, it can be concluded that the in-
crease in the consumption level occurs at a rate of 1 GW
per year, and the record is 17.9 GW, recorded on July 10,
2023. Securing of further growing of consumption level can
only be achieved by creating a certain reserve of generating
capacity. The sustainable way to increase the generation
level and considering the country's commitments is to over-
come the existing generation deficit precisely through re-
newable energy sources. According to government esti-
mates, the renewable energy targets should provide 15 GW
of electrical capacity with a growth rate of 1 GW per year
until 2035 [8]. To implement such ambitious goals, it is nec-
essary to understand the existing potential and prospects
for the development of renewable energy. The analysis of
the potential of renewable energy sources has been carried
out by individual researchers, as well as special agencies
and companies, in recent years [3, 11-17]. In the northern
part of the country, where relatively heavy rainfall occurs
during the year, there are 13 hydroelectric power plants,
the main characteristics of which are given in Table 2.
Table 2. Main characteristics of HPP
№ Hydropower Plant Capacity (MW)
1 Draguina (Bejaia) 71,5
2 Ighil emda (Bejaia) 24
3 Mansoria (Bejaia) 100
4 Erraguene (Jijel) 16
5 Souk el djemaa (Relizane) 8,085
6 Tizi meden (Tizi ouzou) 4,458
7 Ighzenchebel (Algiers) 2,712
8 Ghrib (Ain defla) 7
9 Gouriet (Bejaia) 6,425
10 Bouhanifia (Mascar) 5,7
11 Oued fodda (Chlet) 15,6
12 Beni behdel (Tlemcen) 3,5
13 Tessala (Algiers) 4,228
TOTAL 269,208
26
Відновлювана енергетика. №2/2024 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
Due to the relatively long Mediterranean coastline, the
country has a rather high potential for wind energy (Fig.
5a), but the potential for solar energy is truly impressive
(Fig. 5b), which is related to the country's location in the so-
called "sun belt".
For the development of wind energy, the government
planned to build seven WPP by 2021, but to date, only one
has been built and put into operation. It has a total capacity
of 10.2 MW and consists of 12 turbines with a unit capacity
of 850 kW (built in 2014 in the south of the country) [18-
20]. Despite the fact that by 2030 the task was set to build
other WPP with a total capacity of 5 GW, today there is no
information about the implementation of these plans. The
situation is slightly better with the construction and com-
missioning of SPP. Their list, year of construction and main
technical characteristics are given in Table 3 [16].
а) b)
Fig. 5. Potential of wind (a) and solar (b) energy in Algeria and the world
Table 3. List of SPP and main technical parameters
№ Site Region
Area Project
(km2)
Instaled
Capacity (MW)
Commissioning
Date
1 El Hadjira Ouargla 0,6 30 2017
2 Oued Nechou PV Ghardaia 0,05 1,1 2014
3 Tindouf Tindouf 0,18 0,9 2015
4 Djanet Illizi 0,06 0,3 2015
5 Tamanrasset Tamanrasset 0,26 13 2015
6 Aoulef 0,1 0,5 2016
7 Zaouiate Kounta 0,12 0,6 2016
8 Reggane 0,1 0,5 2016
9 Timimoune 0,18 0,9 2016
10 In Salah Adrar 0,1 0,5 2016
11 Kaberten (PV) 0,06 0,3 2015
12 Adrar 0,4 20 2015
Based on the structure of RES (Fig. 6), a significant
advantage is provided to the solar generation, both at
present and in the future perspective [8, 21, 22].
27
Відновлювана енергетика. №2/2024 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
Fig. 6. Share of electricity production by type of renewable energy source
(according to the industry development program until 2030)
But despite the rather significant potential of RES, the dy-
namics of introducing new facilities both in African
countries (Fig. 7a) and in Algeria (Fig. 7b) in recent years is
not quite significant [23].
а) b)
Fig. 7. Dynamics of renewable energy use in African countries (a) and Algeria (b)
Based on this dynamics, the government's plan to achieve
a 37% share of installed capacity and 27% of electricity pro-
duction from RES in the country's energy balance by 2030
is quite unrealistic and far from successful implementation.
To achieve this goal in a relatively short time and overcome
the current situation (the total capacity of renewable en-
ergy facilities in 2020 was less than 1 GW), Algeria is seeking
to attract foreign investment in energy projects [24]. Thus,
in December 2021, a bid was announced for the installation
of 1 GW of solar photovoltaic capacity, divided into 11 fa-
cilities with capacities ranging from 50 to 300 MW. How-
ever, the deadline for submitting proposals has been post-
poned, and the estimated start date for the implementa-
tion of these contracts is the end of 2024 or the beginning
of 2025 [25]. Currently, the second phase (2021–2030) is
being implemented, with the task of building transmission
lines that will connect the industrially developed regions of
the northern part of the country with new facilities in the
Sahara Desert (Adrar, In-Salah, Timimoun, and Beshaar).
According to the government position, that this develop-
ment of energy infrastructure will facilitate the construc-
tion of new generating capacities. If we compare the map
of electrical grids as of 2017 (Fig. 8a) with the plans for their
development by 2030 (Fig. 8b), such changes can be no-
ticed.
28
Відновлювана енергетика. №2/2024 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
а)
b)
Fig. 8. Electrical grid map for 2017 (a), prospects for its development by 2030 (b)
29
Відновлювана енергетика. №2/2024 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
A lot of attention is paid to issues related to the creation of
energy infrastructure in sparsely populated and remote ar-
eas. Thus, in works [26-28], options for building autono-
mous systems using solar generation and electrical energy
storage systems are considered, and their feasibility and
economic efficiency are justified. It is understandable that
the government's task is to create a favorable infrastruc-
ture for the implementation of powerful investment pro-
jects. However, according to the authors of this study, the
capabilities of existing networks and developed regions are
greatly underestimated. If we take statistical data on the
efficiency of existing electrical systems, according to the
World Bank, the level of electricity losses in the electrical
networks of Algeria during 2007–2012 ranged from 18% to
21%, which is very high compared to developed European
countries, where losses are at a level of no more than 4% -
8% [29]. The quality indicators of electrical energy in many
regions of the country also leave much to be desired since
the transmission capacity of the lines is very low [30]. It is a
well-known fact that the maximum line losses correspond
to the period of maximum load. Moreover, as seasonal con-
sumption measurements show according to the Commis-
sion on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (Fig. 9), the
highest peak in consumption is recorded in summer and ex-
ceeds similar indicators in other seasons by about 1.5 times
[31].
Fig. 9. Seasonal electricity consumption graphs
Reducing the level of consumption, and consequently, elec-
tricity losses, can be achieved both through wider imple-
mentation of energy-efficient solutions (installation of en-
ergy-saving equipment, thermal modernization of
buildings, introduction of special tariffs during peak con-
sumption hours) and the use of energy source diversifica-
tion (use of distributed solar generation systems, autono-
mous water heating systems, heat pumps, and geothermal
sources). Evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed
measures will allow to recommend them for a specific re-
gion, considering its specifics. The planned measures will
not only improve the quality of electrical energy but will
also contribute to reducing transmission line losses and
provide an impetus for the development of renewable en-
ergy systems, as they do not require significant capital ex-
penditures.
Conclusions. The need and goal to increase the share of RES
in developing countries does not always correspond with
the actual situation there. The example of the Republic of
Algeria shows that a favorable geographical location and
the availability of appropriate natural resources are not de-
cisive factors for achieving the declared goals in building
sustainable energy. The tasks set by the country's leader-
ship at the beginning of the transition program implemen-
tation are still far from being realized and have a certain
dependence on external factors. The aim of the conducted
research was to determine the overall energy potential of
the country and to raise awareness about finding internal
reserves to achieve the declared goals of the energy transi-
tion.
30
Відновлювана енергетика. №2/2024 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
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| id | veorgua-article-452 |
| institution | Vidnovluvana energetika |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-19T01:13:10Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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| resource_txt_mv | veorgua/ac/aac71fd2958d8f1901f45ac4818ee6ac.pdf |
| spelling | veorgua-article-4522026-07-18T06:32:19Z STEADY ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA: AN OVERVIEW СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ АЛЖИРУ: ОГЛЯД Ostapchuk , O. Tires , I. renewable energy sources, sustainable development, electric power engineering, greenhouse gases, solar and wind energy, distribution networks, energy systems, photovoltaic stations. відновлювані джерела енергії, сталий розвиток, електроенергетика, парникові гази, сонячна енергетика, вітроенеретика, розподільні мережі, енергосистема, фотоелектрич-ні станції. Under the goals of the Paris Agreement aimed at addressing climate change, the construction of sustainable energy systems is emphasized. Using the example of the Republic of Algeria, this article ana-lyzes the stated objective of achieving the necessary potential for the development of systems with re-newable energy sources, the current state, and the possibilities of the energy system, as well as the dy-namics of distributed generation facilities. Factors influencing the development of generation systems are identified, including the country's geographical location, availability of specific natural resources, and the development of energy infrastructure. A path to achieving climate neutrality is proposed through the exploration of internal reserves, such as enhancing the energy efficiency of the most widespread consumers of electricity. The research focus-es on the factors influencing the development of generation systems based on renewable energy sources. The methods employed include analysis and synthesis of the existing situation in the field of electricity supply system development. The study aims to identify factors for achieving the goals of the energy transition in the Republic of Algeria. The results of the study include determining pathways for the development of energy systems to construct sustainable energy. Відповідно до завдань Паризької угоди, які направлені на вирішення проблеми зміни клімату є побудова систем сталої енергетики. На прикладі Республіки Алжир аналізується заявлена мета щодо досягнення необхідного потенціалу розвитку систем з відновлюваними джерелами енергії, поточний стан та можливості енергетичної системи і динаміка розвитку об’єктів розподіле-ної генерації. Встановлено фактори впливу на розвиток систем генерації, до яких належать географічне положення країни, забезпечення природними ресурсами окремого виду та розвиток енергетичної інфраструктури. Запропоновано шлях досягнення кліматичної нейтральності через пошук внутрішніх резервів шляхом підвищення енергетичної ефективності найбільш роз-повсюджених споживачів електричної енергії. Об’єктом дослідження є фактори впливу на роз-виток систем генерації на основі відновлюваних джерел енергії. Методи дослідження – аналіз та синтез існуючої ситуації у сфері розвитку систем забезпечення електричною енергією. Метою роботи є визначення факторів щодо досягнення цілей енергетичного переходу республіки Ал-жир. Результатом виконаної роботи є визначення шляхів розвитку енергосистем для побудови сталої енергетики. Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2024-07-01 Article Article application/pdf https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/452 10.36296/1819-8058.2024.2(77).21-31 Vidnovluvana energetika ; No. 2(77) (2024): Scientific and applied Journal renewable energy ; 21-31 Возобновляемая энергетика; ##issue.no## 2(77) (2024): Scientific and applied Journal renewable energy ; 21-31 Відновлювана енергетика; № 2(77) (2024): Науково-прикладний журнал Відновлювана енергетика; 21-31 2664-8172 1819-8058 10.36296/1819-8058.2024.2(77) en https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/452/361 Copyright (c) 2024 O. Ostapchuk , I. Tires https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | renewable energy sources sustainable development electric power engineering greenhouse gases solar and wind energy distribution networks energy systems photovoltaic stations. Ostapchuk , O. Tires , I. STEADY ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA: AN OVERVIEW |
| title | STEADY ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA: AN OVERVIEW |
| title_alt | СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ АЛЖИРУ: ОГЛЯД |
| title_full | STEADY ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA: AN OVERVIEW |
| title_fullStr | STEADY ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA: AN OVERVIEW |
| title_full_unstemmed | STEADY ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA: AN OVERVIEW |
| title_short | STEADY ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA: AN OVERVIEW |
| title_sort | steady energy development in algeria: an overview |
| topic | renewable energy sources sustainable development electric power engineering greenhouse gases solar and wind energy distribution networks energy systems photovoltaic stations. |
| topic_facet | renewable energy sources sustainable development electric power engineering greenhouse gases solar and wind energy distribution networks energy systems photovoltaic stations. відновлювані джерела енергії сталий розвиток електроенергетика парникові гази сонячна енергетика вітроенеретика розподільні мережі енергосистема фотоелектрич-ні станції. |
| url | https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/452 |
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