THE INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON A CRDI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON BIODIESEL ANALYSED USING A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL
This study explores the impact of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engine operating on biodiesel. Biodiesel blends were tested under various EGR rates (5%, 10%, and 15%) to analyze key performance paramete...
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Vidnovluvana energetika| _version_ | 1871103957955248128 |
|---|---|
| author | Narayanan , Th. Dhamodaran , R. Pandian, B. |
| author_facet | Narayanan , Th. Dhamodaran , R. Pandian, B. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Th. Narayanan ",
"institution": "Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"
},
{
"author": "R. Dhamodaran ",
"institution": "Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"
},
{
"author": "B. Pandian",
"institution": "Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"
}
] |
| author_sort | Narayanan , Th. |
| baseUrl_str | https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-18T06:32:22Z |
| description | This study explores the impact of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engine operating on biodiesel. Biodiesel blends were tested under various EGR rates (5%, 10%, and 15%) to analyze key performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and emissions including nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter. To effectively model the nonlinear behavior of the engine system, a fuzzy logic-based approach was employed. The fuzzy logic model (FLM) was developed using inputs such as engine load, EGR rate, and biodiesel blend ratio, with outputs being engine performance and emission indices. Experimental results indicated that moderate EGR rates significantly reduced NOx emissions, though with slight reductions in thermal efficiency and increases in BSFC. The fuzzy model accurately predicted engine responses, demonstrating its suitability for decision-making and optimization in dual-fuel, EGR-assisted diesel engine systems. The integration of biodiesel and fuzzy-controlled EGR offers a promising approach to achieving cleaner combustion while maintaining acceptable engine performance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.36296/1819-8058.2025.2(81).221-229 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T11:40:06Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
221
Відновлювана енергетика. № 2/2025 | Біоенергетика
УДК 621.311 https://doi.org/10.36296/1819-8058.2025.2(81).221-229
THE INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON A CRDI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING
ON BIODIESEL ANALYSED USING A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL
Received Feb. 08, 2025; accepted Jun. 27, 2025
Available online Jun. 30, 2025
Narayanan Th.1, Dhamodaran R.2,
Pandian B.3
Author for correspondence: Pandian Balu,
e-mail: balumitauto@gmail.com
Abstract. This study explores the impact of Exhaust Gas Recir-
culation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteris-
tics of a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engine op-
erating on biodiesel. Biodiesel blends were tested under various EGR rates (5%, 10%, and 15%) to analyze key
performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and emis-
sions including nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate mat-
ter. To effectively model the nonlinear behavior of the engine system, a fuzzy logic-based approach was employed.
The fuzzy logic model (FLM) was developed using inputs such as engine load, EGR rate, and biodiesel blend ratio,
with outputs being engine performance and emission indices. Experimental results indicated that moderate EGR
rates significantly reduced NOx emissions, though with slight reductions in thermal efficiency and increases in
BSFC. The fuzzy model accurately predicted engine responses, demonstrating its suitability for decision-making
and optimization in dual-fuel, EGR-assisted diesel engine systems. The integration of biodiesel and fuzzy-controlled
EGR offers a promising approach to achieving cleaner combustion while maintaining acceptable engine perfor-
mance.
Keywords: Fuzzy Logic Model, exhaust gas recirculation, CRDI engine, Biodiesel, Emissions.
Abbreviations
CRDI – Common Rail Direct Injection
EGR – Exhaust Gas Recirculation
BP – Brake Power
BSFC – Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
BTE – Brake Thermal Efficiency
HC – Hydro carbon
CO – Carbon monoxide
CO2 – Carbon dioxide
HRR – Heat Release Rate
CP – Cylinder pressure
NOx – Nitrogen Oxides
DOE – Design of Experiments
CI – Compression Ignition
EGT – Exhaust Gas Temperature
TMF – triangle membership function
MSE – Mean Squared Error
MAPE – Mean Absolute Percentage Error
1. Introduction
Growing interest in improved engine technology and alter-
native fuels has resulted from the increased focus on reduc-
ing the environmental effect of transportation in recent
years. Because it produces less greenhouse gas emissions
than petroleum diesel and can be produced domestically,
biodiesel which is made from renewable sources like vege-
table and animal fats has shown great promise as an alter-
native [1]. The performance, emissions, and combustion
characteristics of engines, particularly those of contempo-
rary engines like Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) en-
gines, provide obstacles to the broad use of biodiesel.
Among all the many alternative fuels, biodiesel is the fuel
that experts have determined is most ideal since it can run
the CI engine at a high capacity and therefore meet the
global need for energy [2]. In addition, it will lessen the
toxic emissions that are bad for human health. Exhaust Gas
Recirculation (EGR) is a crucial tactic used to reduce emis-
sions, especially nitrogen oxide (NOx), in internal combus-
tion engines. In order to lower peak combustion tempera-
tures and lessen the generation of NOx, exhaust gases are
partially reintroduced into the engine's intake air through
the use of EGR. The relationship between EGR and biodiesel
in CRDI engines provides a complicated and diverse sce-
nario that calls for more exploration, despite having been
thoroughly explored in conventional diesel engines [3]. The
purpose of this research is to investigate how exhaust gas
recirculation affects biodiesel combustion parameters,
emissions, and engine performance in CRDI engines. A thor-
ough analysis of how EGR affects engine performance when
1 Research Scholar
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7062-7860
2 Researcher
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-4774
3 Researcher
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3480-1116
1, 2, 3 Bharath Institute of Higher Education and
Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Відновлювана енергетика. № 2/2025 | Біоенергетика
running on biodiesel can provide important insights into
how to improve emissions control, maximise engine perfor-
mance, and encourage the long-term usage of alternative
fuels [4]. This study intends to forward the objective of en-
vironmentally conscious and sustainable transportation by
methodically examining these variables in order to opti-
mise the performance of CRDI engines running on biodiesel
[5]. JME (jojoba methyl ester) was used in an experiment by
H E Saleh20 on a diesel engine with two cylinders. It was
discovered that the EGR approach greatly decreased NOx
emissions at the expense of somewhat higher fuel usage
[6]. Yilbasi et al. (2022) examined the combustion and emis-
sion characteristics of this biodiesel and diesel blend after
producing biodiesel from industrial hemp seed oil using a
single-stage homogeneous catalytic transesterification
method [7]. The findings demonstrated that while biodiesel
and its blends had marginally lower CO, HC, and soot emis-
sions under load than diesel, their thermal efficiency was
still higher. In order to investigate the impact of linseed bi-
odiesel/diesel blend on engine performance and combus-
tion, [8] conducted experiments on a CI engine. It was ob-
served that the NOx emissions from soy-bean biodiesel
under 100% load state were lower than those from diesel.
The emission characteristics of diesel and biodiesel com-
pression ignition engines with various injector orifices and
EGR settings were studied by [9]. The findings demon-
strated that when the combination of biodiesel and pure
diesel was 20%, the NOx emissions of the diesel engine with
EGR were 50% of those of the diesel engine without EGR,
while the emissions of CO and CO2 were not significantly
affected. In a common rail diesel engine, [10] investigated
the combustion and emission characteristics of a combina-
tion of ethanol, biodiesel, and diesel. Ethanol's increased
oxygen content accelerated burning and increased thermal
efficiency. The inclusion of ethanol resulted in a 50% reduc-
tion in soot emissions. [11] looked into how Canola bio-
diesel mix performance was affected by ethanol addition,
injection delay, and EGR. The experimental findings shown
that delayed injection may successfully enhance the emis-
sion characteristics and 5% EGR can effectively ameliorate
the combustion parameters of B10 biodiesel blends. Fur-
thermore, NOx emissions may be successfully decreased
using all three techniques. In an experiment using diesel-
used palm oil-butanol blends in a DI air-cooled diesel en-
gine, Sharon et al. [12] observed that the blends' BSFC and
BTE were lower than those of diesel fuel. The mixes had de-
creased emissions of CO, NOx, and smoke, but greater
emissions of HC. The mix that contained 15% butanol, 35%
used palm oil, and 50% diesel fuel performed better in
terms of emissions and combustion. How et al.'s study [13]
examined the effects of injection timing and split injection
strategies on the operation, emissions, and combustion
characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine running on blended
biodiesel fuels. The researchers came to the conclusion
that split injections was a workable way to reduce smoke
and NOx emissions at the same time. [14] examined the
combustion and emission characteristics of this biodiesel
and diesel blend after producing biodiesel from industrial
hemp seed oil using a single-stage homogeneous catalytic
transesterification method. The findings demonstrated
that while biodiesel and its blends had reduced emissions
of CO, HC, and soot, their thermal efficiency under load was
marginally lower than that of diesel. It was noted from the
thorough literature review of CRDI engines that there has-
n't been much information published on how performance,
emissions, and combustion affect engine performance.
Therefore, the primary goal of the current study is to deter-
mine if biodiesel blends made from non-edible oil are suit-
able for use in CRDI engines. The current effort also aims to
optimise the CRDI engine's NOx emissions within allowable
bounds by utilising fuzzy logic prediction. In the current ex-
perimental studies, the fuzzy logic model has been sug-
gested to establish the connection between the selected
parameters and the characteristic(s), and the minimal ex-
periments have been prepared in accordance with DOE.
The outcomes were contrasted with a clean biodiesel-pow-
ered CI engine running mode. Ultimately, the inquiry led to
the formulation of important findings.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Momordica charantia–biodiesel
One species of plant in the Momordica genus is Momordica
charantia. It is grown naturally in tropical settings all over
the world and is cultivated for medical and agricultural pur-
poses. Also used as a diabetic medicine is Momordica char-
antia seed oil (Fig. 1). Momordica charantia seed oil is split
into glycerol and biodiesel to extract free fatty acids. The
separated biodiesel is maintained well away from the glyc-
erol. One of the most often used methods in the biodiesel
industry to lower oil viscosity is transesterification, which
happens when a vegetable oil and an alcohol are mixed
with a catalyst. Transesterification is essentially a reaction
to time. Triglycerides are first converted to diglycerides.
Next, the diglycerides are reduced to create the mono-
glycerides. Lastly, the monoglycerides are converted to
fatty acid esters.
Fig. 1. Momordica charantia
Table 1 shows the physical and chemical properties of bio-
diesel that were determined using recognised methods. To
evaluate the quality of the biodiesel and blends, the follow-
ing test methods were used. Density is a key factor in bio-
diesel.
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Table 1. Momordica charantia seed biodiesel properties
S.no Properties Values
1 Density 0.897 g/c
2 Moisture content 0.82%
3 Pour point 6°C
4 Cloud point 8°C
5 Kinematic viscosity @ 40°C 6.023 cSt
6 Calorific value 74.43 MJ/kg
7 Acid value 0.130 mg NaOH/g
of Oil
8 Flash point 265°C
9 Fire point 275°C
3. Experimental set up
The experimental investigation uses a modern Common
Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) engine as its test bed. The en-
gine is chosen based on how well it fits into contemporary
automobile applications and how well it can run on alter-
native fuels like biodiesel. It has enhanced combustion
monitoring capabilities, computerised controls, and a high-
pressure common rail fuel injection system. A combination
of diesel and biodiesel in different quantities is used as test
fuel for the engine. To precisely regulate the blend ratio
and create the necessary biodiesel-diesel mixtures, a fuel
blending system is employed. In order to precisely
transport the fuel mixtures to the engine's combustion
chamber, fuel flow meters and injectors are fitted. To ena-
ble the recirculation of exhaust gases, an Exhaust Gas Re-
circulation (EGR) system is added into the engine configu-
ration. To lower the temperature of the recirculated gases
before reintroducing them into the intake manifold, the
EGR system has a high-temperature EGR cooler. EGR flow
control valves and sensors allow the EGR rate to be pre-
cisely adjusted so that the effects on emissions and engine
performance can be studied (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of CRDI engine
1. CRDI Engine; 2. Pressure Sensor; 3. Coolant Temperature Sensor ; 4. Cam Sensor ; 5. Crank Angle Sensor ; 6. Solenoid
Injector; 7. Eddy Current Dynamometer; 8. Dynamometer Controller; 9. Charge Amplifier; 10. Surge Tank; 11. Air Flow
Meter; 12. Air Flow Sensor; 13. Diesel Tank; 14. Biodiesel; 15. Fuel pump; 16. Fuel Measuring Unit; 17. Fuel Filter; 18.
High pressure fuel pump; 19. Common rail; 20. Exhaust gas analyser; 21. Smoke meter; 22. Combustion analyser; 23.
Data Acquisition system; 24. Programmable ECU controller; 25. A-D Converter;
4. Results and discussions
4.1 Development of a mathematical model of fuzzy logic
The Fuzzy Logic Toolbox is used to develop the fuzzy logic
model in the LABVIEW V12 environment. The inputs are NOX,
Smoke, BTE, HC, CO, EGT, and MRPR; the outputs are NOX,
Smoke, BTE, HC, CO, EGT, and MRPR. Output values are nor-
malised in order to improve performance. Six fuzzy sets reflect
the load for each injection time (23°bTDC), whereas five fuzzy
sets (lowest, medium, high, and highest) express the mixes.
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Відновлювана енергетика. № 2/2025 | Біоенергетика
(a) BTE (b) BSFC
(c) CO (d) HC
(e) NOx
Fig. 3. All performance and emission metrics are surface plotted using three factors: load, mix, and one output. BTE (a)
and BSFC (b) (c) (d) CO, (e) HC, (f) NOx
The surfaces plots for braking power, torque, BSFC, and BTE are shown in Fig. 3 (a) through (b). The surface plots for CO,
HC, and NOx pollutants are shown in Fig. 3(c)–(e), respectively. Eleven data sets were utilised to assess the model. The
statistical significance showed that there was a high degree of agreement between the engine test results and the planned
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Відновлювана енергетика. № 2/2025 | Біоенергетика
model's expected results. The efficiency of the fuzzy logic model is significantly influenced by the type and quantity of
membership functions. The triangle membership function (TMF) outperformed other membership functions during this
investigation. Triangle membership functions were chosen for this study due to their greater suitability for real-time ap-
plications, lower computing cost, and more economy. The membership function and the number of training epochs have
a major impact on how effective a fuzzy logic model is. There was no improvement after the 210 training sessions, but the
fuzzy logic model did better. Therefore, the ideal values for the training period and membership function are 210 and 8,
respectively.
Fig. 4. The fuzzy logic model's overall correlation coefficient
The regression coefficients are higher than the determined
critical value in training, testing, validation, and every other
scenario (Fig. 4). Following network training, each pre-
dicted response's MSE and MAPE values are also deter-
mined. The measured BTE, BSEC, and NOx prediction MSE
and MAPE values were 0.000214389, 0.000358127, and
0.000417895; these were 4.12, 5.36, and 5.12%, respec-
tively. These exceptionally low MSE and MAPE values are
only possible due to the model's high degree of accuracy
and intrinsic sensitivity. For BTE, BSEC, and NOx, the fuzzy
logic model produced correlation coefficients of 0.99973,
0.99962, and 0.99958, respectively, which are very close to
one.
4.2 Brake thermal efficiency
The BTE provides evidence of the engine's economy. The
trend of BTE for diesel engines at various EGR rates is seen
in Fig. 5. It is evident that under all loads, the BTE exhibits a
declining pattern as the EGR increases. At 0% EGR, the max-
imum BTE is noted. The BTE falls by 1.26%, 2.62%, and
3.75%, respectively, as the EGR rises to 5%, 10%, and 15%.
This pattern is caused by a fall in combustion temperature
and oxygen concentration brought on by a rise in EGR rate,
which seriously impairs combustion. Moreover, the reduc-
tion in combustion time brought about by the rise in EGR
rate also resulted in a drop in combustion rate and, ulti-
mately, a loss of thermal efficiency [16].
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Відновлювана енергетика. № 2/2025 | Біоенергетика
Fig. 5. Brake thermal efficiency with load
4.3 Brake specific fuel consumption
The positive correlation between the engine's EGR rate
and the quantity of BSFC is seen in Fig. 6. For instance,
increasing the EGR rate to 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, re-
spectively, at 50% load results in increases in the BSFC of
0.83%, 1.72%, 2.43%, and 3.31%. This is due to the fact
that raising the EGR rate allows additional exhaust gases
to enter the cylinders, and lowering the oxygen concen-
tration deteriorates the combustion process, requiring
more fuel to keep the engine operating at peak effi-
ciency.
Fig. 6. Brake specific fuel consumption with load
4.4 NOx emissions
Blends of biodiesel and diesel produce greater NOx emis-
sions than pure diesel, thus EGR is a useful tool for reducing
NOx emissions. According to the study results, as indicated
in Fig. 7, when EGR was increased to 5%, 10%, 15%, and
20%, respectively, at 100% load, NOx emissions were de-
creased by 49.9%, 64.3%, 73.9%, and 84.3%. This is be-
cause, while the addition of EGR lowers intake air flow, the
real surplus air coefficient lowers the in-cylinder oxygen
concentration, destroying the circumstances necessary for
NOx formation and resulting in a drop in NOx emission. In
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Відновлювана енергетика. № 2/2025 | Біоенергетика
contrast, tri-atomic molecules like CO2 and water vapour
enter the cylinder during EGR. This raises the in-cylinder
mass's specific heat capacity and lowers the cylinder's
maximum combustion temperature and pressure, which
lowers NOx generation and, consequently, NOx emission
[17].
Figure 7. NOx emission with load
4.5 CO emission
The pattern of fluctuation of CO emissions with the EGR
rate is seen in Fig. 8. It is evident that CO emissions increase
with increasing EGR rates. For instance, at 100% load, the
CO emission is 12.16% greater with 20% EGR than it is at 0%
EGR. This is a result of the inert gas in the exhaust gas dilut-
ing the oxygen concentration and the increased area of the
cylinder that lacks oxygen increasing the amount of CO pro-
duced. Furthermore, the exhaust gas's high specific heat
capacity gases, such CO2 and H2O, raise the mixture's spe-
cific heat capacity, inhibiting the combustion process and
lowering the cylinder's maximum temperature. It is more
difficult to oxidise the produced CO to CO2 due to the cyl-
inder's lower oxygen concentration and temperature,
which ultimately causes CO emissions to rise.
Fig. 8. CO emission with load
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Відновлювана енергетика. № 2/2025 | Біоенергетика
4.6 HC emissions
The connection graph between HC emissions and EGR rate
is displayed in Fig. 9. It is evident that when the EGR rate
increases, so do the HC emissions. Maximum HC emissions
occur at an EGR rate of 20%. This is caused by the EGR rate
increasing, which lowers the oxygen content in the cylinder,
much like soot does. Higher HC emissions are the result of
the fuel not burning all the way through and the inhibition
of HC oxidation. Furthermore, the cylinder's combustion
temperature decreases as a result of the ongoing increase
in the EGR rate. Because of the greater quenching phenom-
ena in the cylinder, there is an additional rise in HC emis-
sions.
Fig. 9. HC emission with load
Conclusion
This document offers special benefits for minimising pollu-
tant emissions and improving the combustion performance
of diesel engines. Some data support this study's particular
results, which may be applied to other EGR control studies:
1. All created fuzzy logic response models were deemed
statistically significant at a 93.55% confidence level.
2. At 50% load, the values of BTE reduced by 1.26%, 2.62%,
3.75%, and 4.87%, while the values of BSFC rose by 0.83%,
1.72%, 2.43%, and 3.31%, respectively, when EGR in-
creased from 0% to 20% in 5% increments each time.
3. NOx emissions may be successfully decreased using EGR;
at a 20% EGR rate, they are reduced by 84.3%. This is be-
cause NOx generation is suppressed by the cylinder tem-
perature and decreased oxygen concentration. Instead,
very high EGR rates raise emissions of CO2, HC, and soot.
Therefore, an EGR rate of around 15% is ideal for the eco-
nomic model.
The aforementioned result demonstrates that the low oxy-
gen concentration brought on by a high EGR rate is the pri-
mary source of the effect of EGR rate on diesel engines. Ad-
ditionally, alcohol has high oxygen content, therefore
attempting to improve combustion and emission perfor-
mance by including alcohol into the fuel mixture may be
one approach to lower emissions from diesel engines. Fur-
thermore, for practical applications in the future, the devel-
opment of new materials and technologies to increase the
robustness and longevity of EGR systems would be re-
quired.
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|
| id | veorgua-article-543 |
| institution | Vidnovluvana energetika |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-19T01:16:28Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | veorgua/b4/2a1afbf36ff702bad7e6446bb0e914b4.pdf |
| spelling | veorgua-article-5432026-07-18T06:32:22Z THE INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON A CRDI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON BIODIESEL ANALYSED USING A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL THE INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON A CRDI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON BIODIESEL ANALYSED USING A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL Narayanan , Th. Dhamodaran , R. Pandian, B. Fuzzy Logic Model, exhaust gas recirculation, CRDI engine, Biodiesel, Emissions. Fuzzy Logic Model, exhaust gas recirculation, CRDI engine, Biodiesel, Emissions. This study explores the impact of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engine operating on biodiesel. Biodiesel blends were tested under various EGR rates (5%, 10%, and 15%) to analyze key performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and emissions including nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter. To effectively model the nonlinear behavior of the engine system, a fuzzy logic-based approach was employed. The fuzzy logic model (FLM) was developed using inputs such as engine load, EGR rate, and biodiesel blend ratio, with outputs being engine performance and emission indices. Experimental results indicated that moderate EGR rates significantly reduced NOx emissions, though with slight reductions in thermal efficiency and increases in BSFC. The fuzzy model accurately predicted engine responses, demonstrating its suitability for decision-making and optimization in dual-fuel, EGR-assisted diesel engine systems. The integration of biodiesel and fuzzy-controlled EGR offers a promising approach to achieving cleaner combustion while maintaining acceptable engine performance. This study explores the impact of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engine operating on biodiesel. Biodiesel blends were tested under various EGR rates (5%, 10%, and 15%) to analyze key performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and emissions including nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter. To effectively model the nonlinear behavior of the engine system, a fuzzy logic-based approach was employed. The fuzzy logic model (FLM) was developed using inputs such as engine load, EGR rate, and biodiesel blend ratio, with outputs being engine performance and emission indices. Experimental results indicated that moderate EGR rates significantly reduced NOx emissions, though with slight reductions in thermal efficiency and increases in BSFC. The fuzzy model accurately predicted engine responses, demonstrating its suitability for decision-making and optimization in dual-fuel, EGR-assisted diesel engine systems. The integration of biodiesel and fuzzy-controlled EGR offers a promising approach to achieving cleaner combustion while maintaining acceptable engine performance. Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2025-06-30 Article Article application/pdf https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/543 10.36296/1819-8058.2025.2(81).221-229 Vidnovluvana energetika ; No. 2(81) (2025): Scientific and applied Journal renewable energy ; 221-229 Возобновляемая энергетика; ##issue.no## 2(81) (2025): Scientific and applied Journal renewable energy ; 221-229 Відновлювана енергетика; № 2(81) (2025): Науково-прикладний журнал Відновлювана енергетика; 221-229 2664-8172 1819-8058 10.36296/1819-8058.2025.2(81) uk https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/543/452 Copyright (c) 2025 Th. Narayanan , R. Dhamodaran , B. Pandian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Fuzzy Logic Model exhaust gas recirculation CRDI engine Biodiesel Emissions. Narayanan , Th. Dhamodaran , R. Pandian, B. THE INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON A CRDI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON BIODIESEL ANALYSED USING A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL |
| title | THE INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON A CRDI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON BIODIESEL ANALYSED USING A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL |
| title_alt | THE INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON A CRDI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON BIODIESEL ANALYSED USING A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL |
| title_full | THE INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON A CRDI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON BIODIESEL ANALYSED USING A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL |
| title_fullStr | THE INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON A CRDI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON BIODIESEL ANALYSED USING A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL |
| title_full_unstemmed | THE INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON A CRDI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON BIODIESEL ANALYSED USING A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL |
| title_short | THE INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON A CRDI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON BIODIESEL ANALYSED USING A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL |
| title_sort | influence of exhaust gas recirculation on a crdi diesel engine operating on biodiesel analysed using a fuzzy logic model |
| topic | Fuzzy Logic Model exhaust gas recirculation CRDI engine Biodiesel Emissions. |
| topic_facet | Fuzzy Logic Model exhaust gas recirculation CRDI engine Biodiesel Emissions. Fuzzy Logic Model exhaust gas recirculation CRDI engine Biodiesel Emissions. |
| url | https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/543 |
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