RESEARCH INTO RELIABILITY ISSUES OF AN ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLAN
The article provides a study of the reliability of the electric power transmission system with a photovoltaic power plant through a comprehensive analysis of the technical and economic characteristics of cable and overhead power lines. The choice of voltage class for the system under study, which ha...
Gespeichert in:
| Datum: | 2026 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2026
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online Zugang: | https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/594 |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Назва журналу: | Vidnovluvana energetika |
| Завантажити файл: |  |
Institution
Vidnovluvana energetika| _version_ | 1871104074349281280 |
|---|---|
| author | Kuchansky , V. Cherkashina , V. Omelyanenko , G. Makarov , A. Hunko , I. Sabarno , L. |
| author_facet | Kuchansky , V. Cherkashina , V. Omelyanenko , G. Makarov , A. Hunko , I. Sabarno , L. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "V. Kuchansky ",
"institution": " Institute of Electrodynamics of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "V. Cherkashina ",
"institution": "National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” MES of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "G. Omelyanenko ",
"institution": "National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” MES of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "A. Makarov ",
"institution": "National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” MES of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "I. Hunko ",
"institution": "Institute of Renewable Energy NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Vinnytsia National Technical University MES of Ukraine, Vinnytsia, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "L. Sabarno ",
"institution": "Institute of Electrodynamics of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine"
}
] |
| author_sort | Kuchansky , V. |
| baseUrl_str | https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-18T06:32:23Z |
| description | The article provides a study of the reliability of the electric power transmission system with a photovoltaic power plant through a comprehensive analysis of the technical and economic characteristics of cable and overhead power lines. The choice of voltage class for the system under study, which has a radial electrical grid topology with an installed photovoltaic plant at the receiving substation, is justified. In accordance with the selected voltage class, the conductive part of the overhead and cable lines is determined, and the cross-sections of the wires and cable cores are checked for acceptable current load conditions. Based on the verifi-cation results, the current-carrying part of the overhead transmission line was selected using an ACSR 240/32 mm² conductor, while the cable line was designed with an APvEgP-110 1×240/95 mm² cable. The parameters of the overhead and cable transmission lines were determined, and a comparative analysis of the technological process of electric power transmission in a radial grid was performed using the PowerFac-tory software package, in particular with respect to voltage deviations in both transmission system vari-ants. It was shown that, in terms of technical performance indicators, the overhead and cable lines are equivalent. Taking this into account, an economic analysis was carried out to substantiate the optimal line option by calculating the cost component of the integral effect of total discounted costs. The results of this analysis indicate that the cable line is 59.4% more expensive than the overhead line. To further justify the feasibility of selecting the line type, a SWOT analysis was conducted, which demonstrated that the project incorporating a cable line is more attractive than the project based on an overhead line. The proposed com-prehensive analysis of the techno-economic characteristics of overhead and cable lines enables a well-grounded decision to be made regarding the selection of the appropriate facility to enhance the reliability of an electric power transmission system with a photovoltaic power plant, provided that the technical parame-ters of the electrical grid are equivalent. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.36296/1819-8058.2026.1(84).26-34 |
| first_indexed | 2026-03-31T01:00:06Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
26
Відновлювана енергетика. № 1/2026 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
УДК 697.7:621.315 https://doi.org/10.36296/1819-8058.2026.1(84).26-34
RESEARCH INTO RELIABILITY ISSUES OF AN ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
WITH A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLAN
Received Jan. 12, 2026; accepted Mar. 23, 2026
Available online Mar. 31, 2026
Kuchansky V.1, Cherkashina V.2, Omelyanenko G.3,
Makarov A4, Hunko I.5, Sabarno L.6
Author for correspondence: Hunko Iryna,
e-mail: iryna_hunko@ukr.net
Abstract. The article provides a study of the reliability of the
electric power transmission system with a photovoltaic
power plant through a comprehensive analysis of the tech-
nical and economic characteristics of cable and overhead
power lines. The choice of voltage class for the system under
study, which has a radial electrical grid topology with an in-
stalled photovoltaic plant at the receiving substation, is justi-
fied. In accordance with the selected voltage class, the con-
ductive part of the overhead and cable lines is determined,
and the cross-sections of the wires and cable cores are
checked for acceptable current load conditions. Based on the
verifi-cation results, the current-carrying part of the over-
head transmission line was selected using an ACSR 240/32
mm² conductor, while the cable line was designed with an
APvEgP-110 1×240/95 mm² cable. The parameters of the overhead and cable transmission lines were determined,
and a comparative analysis of the technological process of electric power transmission in a radial grid was per-
formed using the PowerFac-tory software package, in particular with respect to voltage deviations in both trans-
mission system vari-ants. It was shown that, in terms of technical performance indicators, the overhead and cable
lines are equivalent. Taking this into account, an economic analysis was carried out to substantiate the optimal
line option by calculating the cost component of the integral effect of total discounted costs. The results of this
analysis indicate that the cable line is 59.4% more expensive than the overhead line. To further justify the feasibility
of selecting the line type, a SWOT analysis was conducted, which demonstrated that the project incorporating a
cable line is more attractive than the project based on an overhead line. The proposed com-prehensive analysis of
the techno-economic characteristics of overhead and cable lines enables a well-grounded decision to be made
regarding the selection of the appropriate facility to enhance the reliability of an electric power transmission sys-
tem with a photovoltaic power plant, provided that the technical parame-ters of the electrical grid are equivalent.
Key words: renewable energy source, electrical grid, cable line, reliability, overhead line, electric power trans-
mission system, techno-economic characteristics, photovoltaic power plant.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПИТАНЬ НАДІЙНОСТІ СИСТЕМИ ПЕРЕДАЧІ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ ЕНЕРГІЇ З
ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЮ СТАНЦІЄЮ
Отримано 12 січ. 2026 р.; рекомендовано до публікації 23 бер. 2026 р.
Доступно онлайн 31 бер. 2026 р.
Кучанський В. В.1, Черкашина В. В.2,
Омеляненко Г. В.3, Макаров А. О.4,
Гунько І. О.5, Сабарно Л. Р.6
Автор для кореспонденції: Гунько Ірина,
e-mail: iryna_hunko@ukr.net
Анотація. В статті представлено дослідження надійності
системи передачі електричної енергії з фотоеле-ктричною
1 Dr. of Science (Eng.)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-7942
2 Dr. of Science (Eng.)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-9722
3 PhD
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-5476
4 PhD student
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6181-3822
5 Dr. of Science (Eng.)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-4056
6 PhD
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2153-2183
1, 6 Institute of Electrodynamics of the NAS of
Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
2, 3, 4 National Technical University “Kharkiv
Polytechnic Institute” MES of Ukraine, Kharkiv,
Ukraine
5 Institute of Renewable Energy NAS of Ukraine,
Kyiv, Ukraine; Vinnytsia National Technical
University MES of Ukraine, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
1 д-р. техн. наук
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-7942
2 д-р. техн. наук
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-9722
3 канд. техн. наук
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-5476
4 аспірант
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6181-3822
5 д-р техн. наук
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-4056
6 канд. техн. наук
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2153-2183
1, 6 Інститут електродинаміки НАН України,
Інститут відновлюваної енергетики НАН
27
Відновлювана енергетика. № 1/2026 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
станцією шляхом комплексного аналізу техніко-економіч-
них характеристик кабельної та повітряної ліній електро-
передавання. Обґрунтовано вибір класу напруги досліджу-
ваної сис-теми, що має топологію радіальної електричної
мережі з наявною фотоелектричною станцією на прийма-
льній підстанції. Відповідно до обраного класу напруги ви-
значено струмопровідну час-тину повітряної та кабельної
ліній, виконано перевірку перерізів проводів і жил кабелю за
умовами допустимого струмового навантаження. Визна-
чено параметри повітряної і кабельної ліній еле-ктропере-
давання та в програмному комплексі PowerFactory здійс-
нено порівняльний аналіз техно-логічного процесу передачі
електричної енергії в радіальній мережі, зокрема відхи-
лення напруги в обох варіантах системи передачі. Пока-
зано, що за технічними показниками повітряна й кабельна лінії є рівноцінними. З огляду на це проведено
економічний аналіз для обґрунтування оптимально-го варіанта лінії шляхом розрахунку витратної
складової інтегрального ефекту сумарних диско-нтованих витрат, за результатами якого встанов-
лено, що кабельна лінія є на 59,4% дорожчою за повітряну. Для уточнення доцільності вибору типу лінії
виконано SWOT-аналіз, за результа-тами якого проєкт із кабельною лінією виявився більш привабли-
вим, ніж проєкт із повітряною лінією. Запропонований комплексний аналіз техніко-економічних харак-
теристик повітряної та кабельної ліній дозволяє прийняти обґрунтоване рішення щодо вибору
об’єкта для підвищення надійності системи передачі електричної енергії з фотоелектричною стан-
цією за умови рівноцін-них технічних параметрів електричної мережі.
Ключові слова: відновлюване джерело енергії, електрична мережа, кабельна лінія, надійність, по-віт-
ряна лінія, система передачі електричної енергії, техніко-економічні характеристики, фотое-лектри-
чна станція.
List of Symbols and Abbreviations
RES — renewable energy sources
HV — high voltage
MV — medium voltage
LV — low voltage
EPS — electric power system
TL — transmission line
OL — overhead line
CL — cable line
EG — electrical grid
PVPP — photovoltaic power plant
Introduction. The current development vector of Ukrainian
electric power systems (EPS) is focused on increasing the
share of renewable energy sources (RES), which leads to
the deployment of generating units with a nominal capacity
of less than 20 MW connected to the busbars of electrical
network substations. This approach is driven both by the
need to comply with the requirements of European Union
directives and by the necessity to compensate for the defi-
cit of available generation capacity that has arisen as a re-
sult of targeted attacks on energy infrastructure facilities
under martial law conditions [1].
According to [1], in the post-war period, the design and re-
construction of electric power transmission systems should
be carried out in the following main directions:
• consideration of renewable energy sources (RES) at
electrical network substations;
• development of ring electrical networks combined with
deep 110 kV connections;
• preferential application of cable lines (CL) with cross-
linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation;
• use of compact (geometrically optimized) equipment at
step-down substations.
Considering the above-mentioned development directions
of electric power systems (EPS), it should be noted that the
primary means of supplying consumers with electrical en-
ergy are overhead lines (OL) and cable lines (CL). The tech-
nologies used for the construction of OLs and CLs are based
on the same fundamental physical laws (Ohm’s law and
Kirchhoff’s laws), and both systems are technologically ma-
ture. However, this does not imply that one of them is “bet-
ter” or “more technologically advanced” than the other.
The current level of development of equipment and tech-
nologies enables the purposeful application of both types
of lines.
At the same time, the technical feasibility of a particular so-
lution does not necessarily imply its expediency. The crite-
ria for selecting an overhead or cable line should not be de-
termined by subjective opinions of network operators,
policymakers, or experts, but rather by fundamental
5 д-р. техн. наук
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-4056
6 канд. техн. наук
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2153-2183
1, 6 Інститут електродинаміки НАН України,
Інститут відновлюваної енергетики НАН
України, м. Київ, Україна
2, 3, 4 Національний технічний університет
«Харківський політехнічний інститут» МОН
України, м. Харків, Україна
5 Інститут відновлюваної енергетики НАН
України, м. Київ, Україна; Вінницький
національний технічний університет МОН
України, м. Вінниця, Україна
28
Відновлювана енергетика. № 1/2026 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
physical laws that define the key constraints. These factors
include [2, 3]:
Voltage and current. The higher the voltage of a transmis-
sion line, the greater the required safety clearance. If such
a clearance cannot be ensured (as in the case of cable
lines), appropriate insulation is required to guarantee the
safety of the line and the surrounding environment even at
minimal distances.
Grid operating mode. This is another important factor af-
fecting the feasibility of using overhead lines (OL) or cable
lines (CL). In the arc-suppression (compensated neutral) op-
erating mode, only a limited total length of cable can be in-
stalled; compliance with these length constraints (so-called
arc-suppression limits) is critically important for the safe
operation of transmission lines. In other operating modes
of electrical grids, this limitation does not apply; however,
additional interactions arise that must be taken into ac-
count when selecting the line type in an electric power
transmission system, especially in the presence of RES at
the substation.
Therefore, the selection of a particular line type in an elec-
tric power transmission system should be based on a com-
prehensive analysis of the techno-economic characteristics
of OL and cable lines CL to ensure a well-founded decision
regarding the choice of the facility, provided that the tech-
nical parameters of the electrical network are equivalent.
This issue has been addressed in numerous studies by both
Ukrainian and international researchers. In [4], the specific
aspects of ensuring operational reliability of electric power
systems with decentralized generation based on renewable
energy sources are identified. It is shown that an increase
in the share of RES in the generation mix requires consider-
ation of their static and dynamic characteristics, which sig-
nificantly affect the operating modes of electrical grids.
Consequently, this necessitates a comprehensive analysis
when selecting the design of the supplying transmission
line for a substation integrating RES.
Researchers [5, 6] compared the parameters of overhead
lines (OL) and cable lines (CL) with cross-linked polyeth-
ylene (XLPE) insulation. They showed that cable lines are
better protected against external factors and have a com-
pact design that reduces electromagnetic impact on the
surrounding environment and do not require the allocation
of large land areas. However, a comprehensive techno-eco-
nomic analysis was not provided.
Researchers [7–11] presented examples of pilot transmis-
sion line projects of various voltage classes employing XLPE
and gas-insulated (SF₆) technologies, as well as overhead
air-insulated solutions. In particular, researchers in [7] ad-
dressed the selection of cable lines for different operating
conditions and reported successful implementations in for-
eign electrical grids. This experience may be valuable for
the post-war design and reconstruction of electric power
transmission systems in Ukraine, provided that it is appro-
priately adapted to domestic conditions.
In [8], researchers analyzed the environmental impact of
overhead lines (OL) and cable lines (CL). It was demon-
strated that cable lines have significantly fewer external im-
pact parameters and exert a much lower impact on the en-
vironment; however, the study does not provide a
comparison of the technical performance indicators of
transmission lines. In [9], researchers addressed the issue
of improving the efficiency of operating modes of overhead
lines in electrical networks, but the possibility of applying
cable lines was not considered.
In [10], the advantages and disadvantages of using sulfur
hexafluoride (SF₆) as an insulating medium in electric
power systems are discussed. Gas-insulated transmission
lines (GILs) are considered. It was demonstrated that such
lines employ internal insulators, which limit the route bend-
ing radius and the permissible short-circuit currents. In ad-
dition, the high cost and maintenance complexity of GILs
compared to overhead lines with similar transmission ca-
pacity were highlighted.
In [11], scientific developments of high-voltage compact
air-insulated lines installed in underground collectors are
presented. As opposed to transmission line projects of var-
ious voltage classes reported in [7–10], these solutions
have not yet been implemented in practice. Transmission
lines with uninsulated conductors installed in collectors are
extremely hazardous, as the installation of uninsulated cur-
rent-carrying parts in confined spaces may lead to short cir-
cuits, fires, electric shock, and, consequently, damage to
the entire electric power transmission system.
For safe installation in collectors and other confined spaces,
only insulated current-carrying parts may be applied [5–8,
10], since any accidental contact of an uninsulated conduc-
tor with collector walls, other structural elements, or per-
sonnel may result in a fault condition. An additional risk is
the lack of natural ventilation: in the event of a short circuit
or fire, this leads to the rapid accumulation of toxic gases
and makes safe evacuation impossible.
Thus, a systematic assessment of the selection of a trans-
mission line for an electric power transmission system with
a photovoltaic power plant, based on a comparison of OL
and CL under equivalent technical parameters of the elec-
trical network, constitutes a relevant scientific and practical
task.
Purpose of the Article. The purpose of this article is to in-
vestigate the reliability of an electric power transmission
system with a photovoltaic power plant through a compre-
hensive analysis of the techno-economic characteristics of
overhead and cable transmission lines, in order to make a
well-founded decision regarding the selection of the appro-
priate facility under equivalent technical parameters of the
electrical grid.
Research Materials and Methods
Input Data of the Electric Power Transmission System
The electric power transmission system with a photovoltaic
power plant is located in the Eastern region of Ukraine and
has a radial electrical grid topology, which is shown in Fig. 1.
29
Відновлювана енергетика. № 1/2026 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
Fig. 1. Diagram of a radial electrical grid
The power supply center of the electrical grid (Fig. 1) is sub-
station SS1 with a voltage level of 330/110 kV.
The length of the supplying TL is L=34 km.
At SS2 (Fig. 1), a photovoltaic power plant is installed and
connected to a common switchgear together with the load,
which is supplied through a power transformer.
The load of the power transformer at SS2 (Fig. 1) under the
maximum load condition of the electrical grid is as follows:
on the low-voltage (LV) side, SLV=20 MVA with a power fac-
tor cosφLV=0.93; on the medium-voltage (MV) side,
SMV=15.5 MVA with a power factor cosφMV=0.89.
The short-circuit current is Isc=35 kA. The relay protection
at SS2 clears the short-circuit current within t=0.3 s.
Load Calculations of SS 2
Considering the current state of the electrical grid, it can be
stated that the integration of renewable energy sources
(RES) has the greatest impact on the operational perfor-
mance of power transformers compared to its impact on
transmission lines. However, for the development of sub-
station reconstruction projects with integrated photovol-
taic power plants, in accordance with [1], it is critically im-
portant to take into account the operating mode of the
supplying transmission line and the magnitude of power
delivered to the power transformer from the electric power
system.
For this purpose, during the analysis of the technological
process of electric power transmission supplied from the
electric power system, it is necessary to separately consider
the active (P) and reactive (Q) power components on all
voltage sides of the power transformer under the maxi-
mum load condition of the electrical grid. These quantities
are calculated according to the following relations [12, 13]:
𝑃𝐿𝑉 = 𝑆𝐿𝑉 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜑𝐿𝑉 𝑄𝐿𝑉 = 𝑆𝐿𝑉 ∙ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜑𝐿𝑉; (1)
𝑃𝑀𝑉 = 𝑆𝑀𝑉 ∙ cos 𝜑𝑀𝑉 𝑄𝑀𝑉 = 𝑆𝑀𝐶 ∙ sin 𝜑𝑀𝑉; (2)
𝑆𝐻𝑉 = 𝑆𝐿𝑉 + 𝑆𝑀𝑉; 𝑃𝐻𝑉 = 𝑃𝐿𝑉 + 𝑃𝑀𝑉;𝑄𝐻𝑉 = 𝑄𝐿𝑉 + 𝑄𝑀𝑉 (3)
where SLV, SMV, cosLV, cosMV are taken from the input data
From calculations (1) – (3), the power was determined as
follows:
- on LV side of the power transformer –
SLV = (17,8 + j9,12) MVA;
- on MV side of the power transformer–
SMV = (14,42 + j5,69) MVA;
- on HV side of the power transformer–
SHV = (32,22 + j14,81) MVA.
Justification of the Rated Voltage of the Analyzed Electric
Power Transmission System
Since the electric power transmission system has a radial
electrical grid topology (Fig. 1), an active power of
PHV=32.22 MW flows through the transmission line.
The justification of the nominal voltage of the electrical grid
is performed using a formula that provides satisfactory re-
sults over the entire range of nominal alternating-current
voltage levels from 35 to 1150 kV [12, 13]:
𝑈𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 1000 √(500 𝐿 + 2500 𝑃𝐿)⁄⁄⁄ , (4)
where L – length of the line, km; РL = РHV – power transmit-
ted through the line, MW.
The results of the calculations for the justification of the
rated voltage of the electrical grid according to (4) yield
U=104.17 kV. This indicates that electric power transmis-
sion is carried out at a nominal voltage level of 110 kV. The
determination of the nominal voltage class is necessary for
selecting the current-carrying component of the transmis-
sion line.
Selection of the Current-Carrying for a 110 kV Transmis-
sion Line
The selection of the current-carrying component of the 110
kV transmission line “SS1–SS2” is carried out in accordance
with the Electrical Installation Regulations (PUE) [14] and
SOU-N MEV 40.1-37471933-49:2011 [15].
According to [14] and [15], the current-carrying compo-
nents of the transmission line are recommended to be im-
plemented as follows:
− for the OL 110 kV: using an ACSR 2(240/32) mm² con-
ductor;
− for the CL 110 kV: using an APvEgP-110 1×240 mm² ca-
ble laid in a trench.
The short-circuit current through the cable screen (Iscr) for
this cable type, assuming a short-circuit duration of t=1s, is
determined by the following expression [15]:
𝐼𝑠𝑐𝑟 = 𝐼𝑠𝑐𝑟 ∙ √𝑡 . (5)
According to the input data and Eq. (5), the screen short-
circuit current is Iscr=19.2 kA. For this short-circuit current,
a copper screen with a cross-sectional area of 95 mm² is
required [15]. Thus, the current-carrying component of the
110 kV cable line should be implemented using an APvEgP-
110 1×240/95 cable.
Verification of the Current-Carrying Component of the 110
kV Transmission Line
110 kV Overhead Line. According to [12], the verification of
the current-carrying component of the 110 kV overhead
line is performed based on the permissible continuous cur-
rent-carrying capacity using the following expression:
30
Відновлювана енергетика. № 1/2026 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
𝐼𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐.𝑇𝐿 ≤ 𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚, (6)
where Icalc TL is the calculated current flowing through the
overhead line under the maximum operating condition; Ip-
erm is the permissible continuous current-carrying capacity
of the conductors for the temperature range from +25∘C to
70∘C.
The calculated current (Icalc TL) for verifying the conductors
of the 110 kV TL is determined by the following expression
[13, 14]:
𝐼𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐.𝑇𝐿 = 𝑆𝐻𝑉(𝑚𝑎𝑥) (√3 ∙ 𝑈𝑛𝑜𝑚)⁄ , (7)
where 𝑆𝐻𝑉(𝑚𝑠𝑥)is the load on the HV side of the power
transformer located at SS 2 (Fig. 1).
Based on the results of calculation (7), the calculated cur-
rent 𝐼𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐.𝑇𝐿=186.5 A.
The permissible continuous current-carrying capacity (Iperm)
for verifying the conductors of the 110 kV overhead line is
determined by the following expression:
𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∙ 𝑘𝜃, (8)
where kθ is the temperature correction factor for ambient
air temperature in the given region during the maximum
load period, determined in accordance with [14], and for
the Eastern region of Ukraine, it equals kq = 1,24.
For the conductors of the 110 kV overhead line with a cross-
sectional area of 240/32 mm², the maximum current-carry-
ing capacity (Imax) is Imax=605 A [12, 13]. Accordingly, the
permissible continuous current (Iperm) is determined as fol-
lows:
𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 605 ∙ 1,24 = 750,2 𝐴.
Thus, the ACSR 240/32 mm² conductor is capable of ensur-
ing the technological process of electric power transmis-
sion for the OL 110 kV n terms of permissible current-car-
rying capacity under heating conditions.
110 kV Cable Line. According to [15, 16], the verification of
the current-carrying component of the CL laid in a trench is
performed based on the permissible continuous current-
carrying capacity using the following expression:
𝐼𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐 ≤ 𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚 , (9)
where Icalc is the calculated current corresponding to the av-
erage half-hour maximum current, the highest value
among the average half-hour currents of a given grid ele-
ment; Iperm is the permissible continuous current for the
corresponding cable conductor cross-section.
The calculated current (Icalc CL) for verifying the 110 kV cable
is determined by the following expression [15]:
𝐼𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐 𝐶𝐿 = 𝑆𝐻𝑉(𝑚𝑎𝑥) (√3 ∙ 𝑈𝑛𝑜𝑚)⁄ , (10)
where 𝑆𝐻𝑉(нб) is the load on the HV side of the power trans-
former located at SS 2 (3).
According to the results of calculation (10), the Icalc CL=186.5
A. The permissible continuous current (Iperm) for the con-
ductor cross-section of the APvEgP-110 1×240/95 cable,
taking into account the correction factors (kΣ), is deter-
mined in accordance with the methodology described in
[15] using the following expression:
𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝐶𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 ∙ 𝑘𝛴, (11)
where Iperm.table - permissible continuous current for 110 kV
cables with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation and a
nominal conductor cross-section of 240 mm² is 422 A [15].
It should also be taken into account that the permissible
continuous current of the cable line Iperm CL must be adjusted
to account for cable laying and operating conditions using
correction factors [15, 16].
The values of the correction factors (kΣ) for the Eastern region
of Ukraine were determined in accordance with [14, 15].
The permissible current for the given conditions of cable in-
stallation in a trench was calculated using expression (11)
and, taking into account the correction factors [14, 15],
amounts to Iperm CL = 383,0 А. This confirms the adequacy of
the 240 mm² conductor cross-section under the selected
installation conditions.
Thus, the XLPE-insulated cable of type APvEgP-110
1×240/95 is capable of ensuring the technological process
of electric power transmission for the CL 110 kV in terms of
permissible current-carrying capacity under heating condi-
tions.
Parameters of the 110 kV Transmission Line
110 kV Overhead Line. The calculation of the parameters of
the 110 kV overhead line is performed using the expres-
sions given in [13]:
𝑅𝑇𝐿 = 𝑟0 ∙ 𝐿; 𝑋𝑇𝐿 = 𝑥0 ∙ 𝐿; 𝐵𝑇𝐿 = 𝑏0 ∙ 𝐿; 𝑄𝑐ℎ = 𝑞0 ∙ 𝐿, (12)
where r0, x0, b0, q0 − parameters per 1 km of line length with
an ACSR 240 mm² conductor [13].
The results of the calculations using expressions (12) are as
follows:
RTL = 4,08 Ohm; ХTL = 13,77 Ohm;
BOL = 95, 54 10-6 cm; Qch = 1,28 MVar.
110 kV Cable Line. The calculation of the parameters of the
110 kV cable line (Fig. 3) is performed using the expressions
given in [13]:
𝑅𝐶𝐿 = 𝑟0 ∙ 𝐿; 𝑋𝐶𝐿 = 𝑥0 ∙ 𝐿; 𝐵𝐶𝐿 = 𝑏0 ∙ 𝐿; 𝑄𝑐ℎ = 𝑞0,∙ (13)
where r0, x0, b0 are the specific parameters of the APvEgP-
110 1×240/95 cable [13]; q0 is the specific charging current,
defined as 𝑞0 = 𝑏0 ∙ 𝑈ном
2 .
The results of the calculations using expressions (13) are as
follows:
RTL = 5,37 Ohm; ХTL = 6,53 Ohm;
BOL = 1611,6 10-6 cm; Qch = 19,5 MVar.
In addition, for the 110 kV cable line, dielectric losses (ΔРd)
are calculated using the following expression:
∆𝑃𝑑 = ∆𝑃𝑑.0 ∙ 𝐿𝑇𝐿, (14)
31
Відновлювана енергетика. № 1/2026 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
where ΔРd 0 - specific dielectric losses
∆𝑃𝑑.0 = 𝑔0 ∙ 𝑈2, (15)
where g0 is the specific active conductance of the 110 kV
cable line, S/km:
𝑔0 = 𝑏0 ∙ tan 𝛿, (16)
where tan 𝛿 = 0,006 the dielectric loss tangent of the insu-
lation at phase voltage [15].
The dielectric losses in the 110 kV cable line calculated us-
ing expressions (14)–(16) are as follows:
∆𝑃𝑑 = 0,1168 МВт.
The parameters of the overhead and cable lines are used in
the analysis of the technological process of electric power
transmission and voltage levels in the studied electrical grid.
Analysis of the Technological Process of Electric Power
Transmission
Since the repair of a damaged cable line takes more time
than that of an overhead line, the analysis of the
technological process of electric power transmission for the
cable line is performed for a single cable circuit.
The investigated electric power transmission system is im-
plemented with a radial electrical grid configuration (Fig. 1),
which, for the analysis of the technological process under
the maximum load condition of the electrical grid, is repre-
sented in Fig 2.
Fig. 2. Electrical grid diagram for the analysis of the tech-
nological process
The analysis of the technological process of electric power
transmission under the maximum load condition of the
electrical network, based on expressions (1)–(3) and the
scheme shown in Fig. 2, was performed using the Power-
Factory software package and is presented in Fig 3.
Fig. 3. Graphical representation in PowerFactory of the electrical network maximum operating conditions for the over-
head line (right) and the cable line (left)
32
Відновлювана енергетика. № 1/2026 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
According to Fig. 3, the power transmitted via the 110 kV
overhead line to the power transformer located at SS 2 is
as follows:
– on the high-voltage (HV) side of the power transformer
SHV = (32,22 + j18,7) MVA;
– on the medium-voltage (MV) side of the power trans-
former –
SMV = (14,4 + j5,7) MVA;
– on the low-voltage (LV) side of the power transformer
SLV = (17,8 + j9,1) MVA.
According to Fig. 3, the power transmitted via the 110 kV
cable line to the power transformer located at SS 2 is as fol-
lows:
– on the high-voltage (HV) side of the power transformer
SHV = (32,22 + j18,5) MVA;
– on the medium-voltage (MV) side of the power trans-
former
SMV = (14,4 + j5,7) MVA;
– on the low-voltage (LV) side of the power transformer
SLV = (17,8 + j9,1) MVA.
Based on the results of the maximum operating condition
analysis of the electrical grid performed in PowerFactory
(Fig. 3), it follows that the technological performance indi-
cators of electric power transmission for the overhead and
cable lines are equivalent. The difference between the an-
alytical calculations (1)–(3) and the simulation results (Fig.
3) is less than 3%, which confirms the reliability of the ob-
tained data.
Analysis of Electric Power Quality Parameters
One of the main reliability indicators of an electric power
transmission system is the voltage deviation ((U), which is
regulated in accordance with [17, 18]. Using the calculation
results (Fig. 3), the voltage drop is determined as a function
of the electric power transmission method using the follow-
ing expression [13]:
∆𝑈𝑆𝑆1−𝑆𝑆2
𝑏 =
(𝑃𝑆𝑆1−𝑆𝑆2
𝑏 ∙ 𝑅𝑆𝑆1−𝑆𝑆2 + 𝑄𝑆𝑆1−𝑆𝑆2
𝑏 ∙ 𝑋𝑆𝑆1−𝑆𝑆2) 𝑈𝑆𝑆1⁄ , (17)
where 𝑃𝑆𝑆1−𝑆𝑆2
𝑏 + 𝑗𝑄𝑆𝑆1−𝑆𝑆2
𝑏 - the power transmitted
through the TL (Fig. 3);𝑅𝑆𝑆1−𝑆𝑆2 + 𝑗𝑋𝑆𝑆1−𝑆𝑆2 – the parame-
ters of the OL (12) and the CL (13)
The percentage voltage deviation is calculated according to
the following expression [13]:
∆𝑈∗ = (
∆𝑈
𝑈𝑏
) ∙ 100 = (
𝑃𝑅+𝑄𝑋
𝑈𝑏
2 ) ∙ 100. (18)
The results of the calculations using formulas (17)–(18) are
presented in Table 1.
As follows from Table 1, the voltage deviation under the
maximum operating condition of the electric power trans-
mission system for both transmission line options lies
within ±5%, which confirms compliance with power quality
requirements [17, 18] and the equivalence of the analyzed
alternatives.
Table 1. Voltage parameters of the electric power trans-
mission system for overhead and cable lines
Parameters OL CL
USS1, kV 115,5 115,5
USS2, kV 112,1 113,7
USS1-SS2
b, kV 3,4 1,8
U, % 3,01 1,64
Economic Justification of the Electric Power Transmission
System
For problems that do not require the determination of over-
all evaluation efficiency, it is possible to calculate the cost
component of the integral effect of total discounted costs
(C). This indicator is recommended to be used as the main
criterion for tasks in which the construction of energy facili-
ties extends over more than one year and the operating pa-
rameters change throughout the calculation period [19, 20].
In the calculations, monetary symbols are treated as mon-
etary units (m.u.).
In static problems, the indicator (С) is determined by the
expression given in [20].
С𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑇𝐿 = 𝐶𝑂𝐿 + 𝐶𝑂𝐿 Е⁄ ; 𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝐶𝐿 = 𝐶𝐶𝐿 + 𝐶𝐶𝐿 Е⁄ , (19)
where CconstTL, CconstCL the construction cost of the line,
which is determined based on aggregated cost indicators of
electrical grid elements; COL, CCL annual costs, which are de-
termined without taking into account depreciation charges
for renovation, m.u; E is the real (net) discount rate, which
is adopted in accordance with the recommendations of the
Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine,
as specified in the Letter on the preparation of state invest-
ment projects, and is equal to 12% [21].
Based on the above, КOL is calculated using the following
expression [20]:
𝐶𝑇𝐿 = к0 ∙ 𝐿𝑇𝐿, (20)
where ко is the cost per 1 km of the 110 kV transmission line,
determined in accordance with [15, 17]; LTL is the line length.
The annual costs for operation and maintenance TL (ВOMTL)
are calculated using the expressions given in [20]:
𝐶𝑂𝑀𝑂𝐿 = 𝛼𝑂𝑀𝑇𝐿 ∙ 𝐶𝑂𝐿; 𝐶𝑂𝑀𝐶𝐿 = 𝛼𝑂𝑀𝑇𝐿 ∙ К𝐶𝐿, (21)
where 𝛼𝑂𝑀𝑇𝐿 = 0,012 for 110 kV lines – the annual opera-
tion and maintenance and repair costs of transmission lines
expressed as a percentage of the fixed asset value of the
transmission line, m.u.
The results of the calculations using formulas (19) – (21) are
presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Economic indicators of the electric power trans-
mission system for power transmission via overhead and
cable lines
Indicators OL CL
CTL, m.u. 1 394 000 2 346 000
COMTL, m.u. 16 728 28 152
C, m.u. 1 533 400 2 580 600
33
Відновлювана енергетика. № 1/2026 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
Since, in [19], the construction cost values of 110 kV elec-
trical networks are given in U.S. dollars and were adopted
in the calculations as monetary units (r.u.) (Table 2), con-
version to the national currency is performed using the of-
ficial exchange rate of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU)
at the time of the calculations. Using the coefficient
кNBU=42.02 UAH per 1 m.u. as of July 2025, the cost compo-
nent of the integral effect of total discounted costs (19),
without taking inflation into account, is as follows:
− for OL 64 433 468 UAH;
− for CL 108 436 812 UAH.
As follows from the calculations, the cost component of the
integral effect of total discounted costs for the 110 kV cable
line is 59.4% higher compared to the corresponding value
for the 110 kV overhead line.
The obtained results of the calculations of technical perfor-
mance indicators and the cost component of the integral
effect of total discounted costs for the overhead and cable
lines necessitate conducting a SWOT analysis of the project
in order to substantiate the selection of the most appropri-
ate transmission line option.
SWOT Analysis
Using the SWOT analysis components of a project pre-
sented in [22], a comparison of electric power transmission
systems with overhead and cable lines was performed.
Project 1. Electric Power Transmission System with a
110 kV Overhead Line
Strengths
1. Maximum separation from populated areas;
2. Low project implementation cost.
Weaknesses
1. A large number of crossings with road infrastructure;
2. Complexity of crossing railway lines;
3. The need to coordinate land acquisition and right-of-
way along the line route with landowners.
Opportunities
1. Accelerated project implementation.
Threats
1. A low level of operational safety during line operation;
2. Issues related to adverse weather conditions;
3. Problems associated with force majeure events caused
by third parties.
Project 2. Electric Power Transmission System with a
110 kV Cable Line
Strengths
1. Minimal impact on the environment;
2. Significant improvement in safety;
3. Ensured uninterrupted operation of critically important
infrastructure even under adverse weather conditions;
4. Low maintenance costs during the operational period
and, consequently, a long-term economic advantage.
Weaknesses
1. A large volume of approvals required from various or-
ganizations;
2. High capital cost (59.4% higher compared to the over-
head line).
Opportunities
1. Comprehensive resolution of technical, operational,
environmental, land-use, and social issues.
Threats
1. The risk of extending the project implementation time-
line by 1–1.5 years.
Conclusion of the SWOT Analysis
As follows from the above, based on the conducted SWOT
analysis, Project 2 is more attractive, whereas Project 1 is
less attractive.
Conclusions
A study of the reliability of an electric power transmission
system with a photovoltaic power plant was carried out
through a comprehensive analysis of the techno-economic
characteristics of overhead and cable transmission lines.
This approach enables a well-founded decision to be made
regarding the selection of the appropriate facility under
conditions of equivalent technical parameters of the elec-
trical grid.
Based on the research results, it was established that: the
overhead and cable lines have the same current-carrying
conductor cross-section of 240 mm²; the overhead and ca-
ble lines are characterized by equivalent technical perfor-
mance indicators; the cable line is 59.4% more expensive
than the overhead line; according to the conducted SWOT
analysis, the project employing a cable line is more attrac-
tive compared to the project based on an overhead line.
Thus, in order to enhance the reliability of an electric power
transmission system with a photovoltaic power plant, un-
der conditions of equivalent technical parameters of the
electrical network and taking into account the combined in-
dicators of the comprehensive techno-economic analysis,
the application of a cable line is more reasonable than the
use of an overhead line.
REFERENCES
1. On Approval of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the
Period up to 2050, Resolution of the Cabinet of
Ministers of Ukraine No. 373-r, 21 Apr. 2023. [Online].
Available:
https://www.mev.gov.ua/reforma/enerhetychna-
stratehiya
2. Freileitung und Erdkabelsind „Stand der Technik“
https://www.hochspannungsblog.at/wissenswertes/net
zaufbau/vergleich-freileitung-erdkabel
3. Newton E. Overhead vs. Underground Power: Why Do
We Use Both Locations? Energy Central, 2022. Available
at: https://www.energycentral.com/energy-
management/post/overhead-vs-underground-power-
why-do-we-use-both-locations-eh64fqBV7Og1Daf
https://www.mev.gov.ua/reforma/enerhetychna-stratehiya
https://www.mev.gov.ua/reforma/enerhetychna-stratehiya
https://www.hochspannungsblog.at/wissenswertes/netzaufbau/vergleich-freileitung-erdkabel
https://www.hochspannungsblog.at/wissenswertes/netzaufbau/vergleich-freileitung-erdkabel
https://www.energycentral.com/energy-management/post/overhead-vs-underground-power-why-do-we-use-both-locations-eh64fqBV7Og1Daf
https://www.energycentral.com/energy-management/post/overhead-vs-underground-power-why-do-we-use-both-locations-eh64fqBV7Og1Daf
https://www.energycentral.com/energy-management/post/overhead-vs-underground-power-why-do-we-use-both-locations-eh64fqBV7Og1Daf
34
Відновлювана енергетика. № 1/2026 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
4. Ye. I. Bardyk, O. L. Bondarenko, and M. P. Bolotnyi,
“Analysis of operating reliability in planning the
sustainable development of the power system,”
Renewable Energy, vol. 4, no. 79, pp. 46–58, 2024, doi:
10.36296/1819-8058.2024.4(79).46-58.
5. Fenrick S.A., Getachew L. Cost and reliability
comparisons of underground and overhead power lines.
Utilities Policy, 2012, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 31–37. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2011.10.002.
6. MacDonald M.A. Comparison of Electricity Transmission
Technologies: Costs and Characteristics. An Independent
Re-port by Mott MacDonald in Conjunction with the
IET. 2025, 335 p. Available at:
https://www.theiet.org/media/axwkktkb/100110238_0
01-rev-j-electricity-transmission-costs-and-
characteristics_final-full.pdf
7. Underground Electrical Lines: Understanding
Transmission Lines and Their Advantages, JOCA-Cable,
accessed on Jan. 11, 2026. [Online]. Available:
https://joca-cable.com/uk/blog/underground-electrical-
lines/
8. CIGRE Joint Working Group 21/22.01. Comparison of
high voltage overhead lines and underground cables -
Report and Guidelines. CIGRE, 1996. 68 p.
9. Kuchanskyy V., Malakhatka D., Blinov I. Efficiency In-
crease of Open Phase Modes in Bulk Electrical Net-
works.Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Cham,
2021. P.31–48.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-
69189-9_2
10. Grechko O., Kulyk O. Current State and Future Prospects
of Using SF6 Gas as an Insulation in the Electric Power
Industry. 2024 IEEE 5th KhPI Week on Advanced
Technology (KhPI-Week), Kharkiv, Ukraine, 2024, pp. 1-
6. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1109/KhPIWeek61434.2024.1087798
7.
11. S. Y. Shevchenko, D. O. Danylchenko, R. O. Hanus, S. I.
Dryvetskyi, S. K. Berezka, and O. M. Grechko, “Design
features of high-voltage overhead transmission lines in
underground collectors,” Electrical Engineering &
Electromechanics, no. 5, pp. 80–88, 2025, doi:
10.20998/2074-272X.2025.5.11.
12. SOU-N EE 40.1-00100227-101-2014, Standards for
Technological Design of Power Systems and Electrical
Networks of 35 kV and Above, Order of the Ministry of
Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine No. 543, Aug. 4,
2014. [Online]. Available:
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0543732-
14#Text
13. I. V. Barbashov, H. V. Omelianenko, and V. V.
Cherkashyna, Electrical Systems and Networks.
Parameters and Equivalent Circuits of Electrical System
Elements in Examples and Problems, Kharkiv, Ukraine:
National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic
Institute”, 2023, 169 p. [Online]. Available:
https://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/items/a8aa6f5c-bd9a-
4b2c-9a51-c61a851fe7f4
14. Rules for Electrical Installations (PUE), Official Edition.
Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine, Kharkiv,
Ukraine: Fort Publishing House, 2017, 760 p.
15. SOU-N MEV 40.1-37471933-49:2011, Design of Cable
Lines with Voltage up to 330 kV. Guideline, as amended
by Order No. 82 of Jan. 26, 2017, Ministry of Energy of
Ukraine. [Online]. Available:
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-
page.html?id_doc=72188
16. SOU MEV 40.1-00013741-35:2010, Operation of Cable
Transmission Lines with Voltage from 110 kV to 330 kV.
Instruction, as amended by Order No. 262 of Oct. 23,
2021, Ministry of Energy of Ukraine. [Online]. Available:
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-
page.html?id_doc=96311
17. DSTU EN 50160:2023, Voltage Characteristics of
Electricity Supplied by Public Distribution Networks (EN
50160:2022, IDT), in force since Dec. 8, 2023, Kyiv,
Ukraine: SE “UkrNDNC”, 2023. [Online]. Available:
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-
page.html?id_doc=106226
18. GOST 13109-97, Electric Energy. Power Quality
Standards in General Power Supply Systems, effective
Jan. 1, 2000, Kyiv, Ukraine: Standards Publishing House,
1998; State Standard of Ukraine with amendments and
revisions, 1999, 31 p. (in Russian). [Online]. Available:
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-
page.html?id_doc=25837
19. GKD 340.000.002-97, Determination of the Economic
Efficiency of Capital Investments in the Energy Sector.
Methodology. Power Systems and Electrical Networks.
[Online]. Available:
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-
page.html?id_doc=61556
20. V. V. Cherkashyna, H. V. Omelianenko, and S. H.
Ponomarenko, Electrical Systems and Networks. Design
of 110 kV Electrical Networks, Kharkiv, Ukraine: National
Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”,
2025, 157 p. [Online]. Available:
https://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-
Press/95663
21. Methodological Recommendations for Forecasting Key
Macroeconomic Indicators for the Short-Term Period,
approved by Order of the Ministry of Economy of
Ukraine No. 203, Feb. 27, 2010. [Online]. Available:
https://me.gov.ua/Documents/List?lang=uk-
UA&id=d4c96730-ea46-4ebd-ba92-
60631a3e2e69&tag=MetodichniRekomendatsiiMakroek
onomika
22. SOU NEC 20.171:2017, Methodology for Cost–Benefit
Analysis of Electric Network Development Projects,
Order No. 370 of Nov. 23, 2017. [Online]. Available:
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-
page?id_doc=75721
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2011.10.002
https://www.theiet.org/media/axwkktkb/100110238_001-rev-j-electricity-transmission-costs-and-characteristics_final-full.pdf
https://www.theiet.org/media/axwkktkb/100110238_001-rev-j-electricity-transmission-costs-and-characteristics_final-full.pdf
https://www.theiet.org/media/axwkktkb/100110238_001-rev-j-electricity-transmission-costs-and-characteristics_final-full.pdf
https://joca-cable.com/uk/blog/underground-electrical-lines/
https://joca-cable.com/uk/blog/underground-electrical-lines/
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-69189-9_2
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-69189-9_2
https://doi.org/10.1109/KhPIWeek61434.2024.10877987
https://doi.org/10.1109/KhPIWeek61434.2024.10877987
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0543732-14#Text
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0543732-14#Text
https://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/items/a8aa6f5c-bd9a-4b2c-9a51-c61a851fe7f4
https://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/items/a8aa6f5c-bd9a-4b2c-9a51-c61a851fe7f4
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=72188
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=72188
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=96311
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=96311
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=106226
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=106226
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=25837
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=25837
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=61556
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=61556
https://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/95663
https://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/95663
https://me.gov.ua/Documents/List?lang=uk-UA&id=d4c96730-ea46-4ebd-ba92-60631a3e2e69&tag=MetodichniRekomendatsiiMakroekonomika
https://me.gov.ua/Documents/List?lang=uk-UA&id=d4c96730-ea46-4ebd-ba92-60631a3e2e69&tag=MetodichniRekomendatsiiMakroekonomika
https://me.gov.ua/Documents/List?lang=uk-UA&id=d4c96730-ea46-4ebd-ba92-60631a3e2e69&tag=MetodichniRekomendatsiiMakroekonomika
https://me.gov.ua/Documents/List?lang=uk-UA&id=d4c96730-ea46-4ebd-ba92-60631a3e2e69&tag=MetodichniRekomendatsiiMakroekonomika
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page?id_doc=75721
https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page?id_doc=75721
|
| id | veorgua-article-594 |
| institution | Vidnovluvana energetika |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-19T01:18:19Z |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | veorgua/8e/90eeb89332f1e82545342e09962b738e.pdf |
| spelling | veorgua-article-5942026-07-18T06:32:23Z RESEARCH INTO RELIABILITY ISSUES OF AN ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLAN ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПИТАНЬ НАДІЙНОСТІ СИСТЕМИ ПЕРЕДАЧІ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ ЕНЕРГІЇ З ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЮ СТАНЦІЄЮ Kuchansky , V. Cherkashina , V. Omelyanenko , G. Makarov , A. Hunko , I. Sabarno , L. renewable energy source, electrical grid, cable line, reliability, overhead line, electric power transmission system, techno-economic characteristics, photovoltaic power plant. відновлюване джерело енергії, електрична мережа, кабельна лінія, надійність, по-вітряна лінія, система передачі електричної енергії, техніко-економічні характеристики, фотое-лектрична станція. The article provides a study of the reliability of the electric power transmission system with a photovoltaic power plant through a comprehensive analysis of the technical and economic characteristics of cable and overhead power lines. The choice of voltage class for the system under study, which has a radial electrical grid topology with an installed photovoltaic plant at the receiving substation, is justified. In accordance with the selected voltage class, the conductive part of the overhead and cable lines is determined, and the cross-sections of the wires and cable cores are checked for acceptable current load conditions. Based on the verifi-cation results, the current-carrying part of the overhead transmission line was selected using an ACSR 240/32 mm² conductor, while the cable line was designed with an APvEgP-110 1×240/95 mm² cable. The parameters of the overhead and cable transmission lines were determined, and a comparative analysis of the technological process of electric power transmission in a radial grid was performed using the PowerFac-tory software package, in particular with respect to voltage deviations in both transmission system vari-ants. It was shown that, in terms of technical performance indicators, the overhead and cable lines are equivalent. Taking this into account, an economic analysis was carried out to substantiate the optimal line option by calculating the cost component of the integral effect of total discounted costs. The results of this analysis indicate that the cable line is 59.4% more expensive than the overhead line. To further justify the feasibility of selecting the line type, a SWOT analysis was conducted, which demonstrated that the project incorporating a cable line is more attractive than the project based on an overhead line. The proposed com-prehensive analysis of the techno-economic characteristics of overhead and cable lines enables a well-grounded decision to be made regarding the selection of the appropriate facility to enhance the reliability of an electric power transmission system with a photovoltaic power plant, provided that the technical parame-ters of the electrical grid are equivalent. В статті представлено дослідження надійності системи передачі електричної енергії з фотоеле-ктричною станцією шляхом комплексного аналізу техніко-економічних характеристик кабельної та повітряної ліній електропередавання. Обґрунтовано вибір класу напруги досліджуваної сис-теми, що має топологію радіальної електричної мережі з наявною фотоелектричною станцією на приймальній підстанції. Відповідно до обраного класу напруги визначено струмопровідну час-тину повітряної та кабельної ліній, виконано перевірку перерізів проводів і жил кабелю за умовами допустимого струмового навантаження. Визначено параметри повітряної і кабельної ліній еле-ктропередавання та в програмному комплексі PowerFactory здійснено порівняльний аналіз техно-логічного процесу передачі електричної енергії в радіальній мережі, зокрема відхилення напруги в обох варіантах системи передачі. Показано, що за технічними показниками повітряна й кабельна лінії є рівноцінними. З огляду на це проведено економічний аналіз для обґрунтування оптимально-го варіанта лінії шляхом розрахунку витратної складової інтегрального ефекту сумарних диско-нтованих витрат, за результатами якого встановлено, що кабельна лінія є на 59,4% дорожчою за повітряну. Для уточнення доцільності вибору типу лінії виконано SWOT-аналіз, за результа-тами якого проєкт із кабельною лінією виявився більш привабливим, ніж проєкт із повітряною лінією. Запропонований комплексний аналіз техніко-економічних характеристик повітряної та кабельної ліній дозволяє прийняти обґрунтоване рішення щодо вибору об’єкта для підвищення надійності системи передачі електричної енергії з фотоелектричною станцією за умови рівноцін-них технічних параметрів електричної мережі. Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2026-03-28 Article Article application/pdf https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/594 10.36296/1819-8058.2026.1(84).26-34 Vidnovluvana energetika ; No. 1(84) (2026): Scientific and applied Journal renewable energy ; 26-34 Возобновляемая энергетика; ##issue.no## 1(84) (2026): Scientific and applied Journal renewable energy ; 26-34 Відновлювана енергетика; № 1(84) (2026): Науково-прикладний журнал Відновлювана енергетика; 26-34 2664-8172 1819-8058 10.36296/1819-8058.2026.1(84) en https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/594/505 Copyright (c) 2026 V. Kuchansky , V. Cherkashina , G. Omelyanenko , A. Makarov , I. Hunko , L. Sabarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | renewable energy source electrical grid cable line reliability overhead line electric power transmission system techno-economic characteristics photovoltaic power plant. Kuchansky , V. Cherkashina , V. Omelyanenko , G. Makarov , A. Hunko , I. Sabarno , L. RESEARCH INTO RELIABILITY ISSUES OF AN ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLAN |
| title | RESEARCH INTO RELIABILITY ISSUES OF AN ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLAN |
| title_alt | ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПИТАНЬ НАДІЙНОСТІ СИСТЕМИ ПЕРЕДАЧІ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ ЕНЕРГІЇ З ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЮ СТАНЦІЄЮ |
| title_full | RESEARCH INTO RELIABILITY ISSUES OF AN ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLAN |
| title_fullStr | RESEARCH INTO RELIABILITY ISSUES OF AN ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLAN |
| title_full_unstemmed | RESEARCH INTO RELIABILITY ISSUES OF AN ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLAN |
| title_short | RESEARCH INTO RELIABILITY ISSUES OF AN ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLAN |
| title_sort | research into reliability issues of an electric power transmission system with a photovoltaic power plan |
| topic | renewable energy source electrical grid cable line reliability overhead line electric power transmission system techno-economic characteristics photovoltaic power plant. |
| topic_facet | renewable energy source electrical grid cable line reliability overhead line electric power transmission system techno-economic characteristics photovoltaic power plant. відновлюване джерело енергії електрична мережа кабельна лінія надійність по-вітряна лінія система передачі електричної енергії техніко-економічні характеристики фотое-лектрична станція. |
| url | https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/594 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kuchanskyv researchintoreliabilityissuesofanelectricpowertransmissionsystemwithaphotovoltaicpowerplan AT cherkashinav researchintoreliabilityissuesofanelectricpowertransmissionsystemwithaphotovoltaicpowerplan AT omelyanenkog researchintoreliabilityissuesofanelectricpowertransmissionsystemwithaphotovoltaicpowerplan AT makarova researchintoreliabilityissuesofanelectricpowertransmissionsystemwithaphotovoltaicpowerplan AT hunkoi researchintoreliabilityissuesofanelectricpowertransmissionsystemwithaphotovoltaicpowerplan AT sabarnol researchintoreliabilityissuesofanelectricpowertransmissionsystemwithaphotovoltaicpowerplan AT kuchanskyv doslídžennâpitanʹnadíjnostísistemiperedačíelektričnoíenergíízfotoelektričnoûstancíêû AT cherkashinav doslídžennâpitanʹnadíjnostísistemiperedačíelektričnoíenergíízfotoelektričnoûstancíêû AT omelyanenkog doslídžennâpitanʹnadíjnostísistemiperedačíelektričnoíenergíízfotoelektričnoûstancíêû AT makarova doslídžennâpitanʹnadíjnostísistemiperedačíelektričnoíenergíízfotoelektričnoûstancíêû AT hunkoi doslídžennâpitanʹnadíjnostísistemiperedačíelektričnoíenergíízfotoelektričnoûstancíêû AT sabarnol doslídžennâpitanʹnadíjnostísistemiperedačíelektričnoíenergíízfotoelektričnoûstancíêû |